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Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________ The Civil War Section 1 MAIN IDEAS 1. Following the outbreak of war at Fort Sumter, Americans chose sides. 2. The Union and the Confederacy prepared for war. Key Terms and People Fort Sumter federal post in Charleston, South Carolina, that surrendered to the Confederacy border states four slave states—Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri— that bordered the North Winfield Scott Union general with a two-part strategy for defeating the Confederacy cotton diplomacy Confederate plan to enlist England’s aid in return for continued cotton shipments Section Summary AMERICANS CHOOSE SIDES After being elected in 1860, Abraham Lincoln took office as seven southern states left the Union. He promised he would not end slavery where it existed. However, he also promised to preserve the Union. Confederate officials already were taking control of federal mints, arsenals, and forts. Fighting finally broke out at Fort Sumter, a federal fort in the Confederate state of South Carolina. Federal troops refused to surrender to the Confederacy. Within two days, Fort Sumter fell. Lincoln called for 75,000 militiamen to put down the South’s rebellion. After Lincoln called for troops, all the states had to choose a side. Four more slave states joined the Confederacy. Four border states—slave states that bordered the North—decided to stay in the Union. In addition, western Virginia broke off from Confederate Virginia to stay in the Union. Union General Winfield Scott had a two-part strategy to conquer the South. First he would destroy its economy with a naval blockade. Second How did the South react to Lincoln’s election to the presidency? _______________________ _______________________ How did Lincoln respond to the surrender of Fort Sumter? _______________________ _______________________ Original content © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. 178 Guided Reading Workbook Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________ Section 1, continued he would gain control of the Mississippi River to help divide the South. The Confederacy had its own plan of attack. Part of that plan involved cotton diplomacy—the hope that Britain would support the Confederacy because it needed Confederate cotton. This strategy did not work because Britain had large stores of cotton and got more from India and Egypt. PREPARING FOR WAR Neither side was prepared for the war to come. However, many citizens—northern and southern— were eager to help. Thousands upon thousands of young men answered the call to arms and volunteered to serve in both armies. Civilians, too, volunteered to help. They raised money to aid soldiers and their families. They staffed and supplied emergency hospitals. In the Union alone, about 3,000 women served as army nurses. Once the thousands of farmers, teachers, laborers, and others joined the armies, they had to be trained to become soldiers. They spent long days drilling and practicing with their guns and bayonets. As a result, many young soldiers were ready to fight. Why didn’t cotton diplomacy work? _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ In what ways did civilians help the war effort? _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ CHALLENGE ACTIVITY Critical Thinking: Write to Influence Write an advertisement encouraging people to support the soldiers by coming to a fundraising event. Original content © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. 179 Guided Reading Workbook Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________ Section 1, continued border states cotton diplomacy Abraham Lincoln Winfield Scott Fort Sumter DIRECTIONS Use the five vocabulary words from the word list to write a summary of what you learned in the section. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ DIRECTIONS Read each sentence and fill in the blank with the word in the word pair that best completes the sentence. 1. The Civil War began in 1861 when Confederate troops began to fire on _______________________ (border states/Fort Sumter) 2. Union General ____________________ planned to destroy the South’s economy with a naval blockade of southern ports. (Abraham Lincoln/Winfield Scott) 3. The South tried to win foreign allies through _______________________. (border states/cotton diplomacy) 4. In his inaugural address, _______________________ promised not to end slavery where it existed. (Abraham Lincoln/Winfield Scott) 5. Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri were _______________________ that did not join the Confederacy. (border states/cotton diplomacy) Original content © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. 180 Guided Reading Workbook