Download File - Sciencewms7.com

Name ___​ANSWER KEY​_________________________
Period________ Test Date____________
Natural Selection, Adaptations & Stimuli
Test Review
1. What two things influence the traits of an organism?
inheriting traits from parents, the environment
2. What is an adaptation?
A variation that helps an organism survive
3. Name 3 types of adaptations.
Structural, Behavioral, Physiological
4. Create a sentence using the following words: Adaptations, Environment, Survive,Characteristics
Adaptations are favorable characteristics that help an organism survive in its
environment.
5. Fill out the chart:
Adaptation
Definition
Examples
Physical/Structural
Body parts
Beak shape, claws, teeth
Behavioral
Actions/behaviors
hibernation, migration
Physiological/Functional
processes/functions
photosynthesis, blood circulation,
fight or flight response
6. Describe the studies of Charles Darwin and how he influenced our current understanding of Natural
Selection.
Charles Darwin studied birds in the Galapagos Islands. He discovered that birds on different islands had beaks
suited for their environment and the type of food that was available. Through his research, he concluded that
all of these birds had evolved from a common ancestor.
7. How does Darwin’s phrase “survival of the fittest” apply to Natural Selection?
Only the organisms who are the most fit in the environment are the ones who are able to survive and
reproduce.
8. Different types of food caused what structure of the Galapagos finches to experience the most change?
The beak
Describe how the following adaptations help the organism:
9. Thick fur in polar bears
14. Blubber in seals
Helps them endure the cold
Layer of fat for insulation
10. Long necks in giraffes
15. Camouflage
Help them reach leaves/food
Help them hide from predators/prey
11. Migration in birds
16. Gills on fish
Move south to find more food sources
Allows animals to perform gas exchange under water
12. Beaks in birds
17. Eyes that face straight ahead on cats
Help them get their food
Help them catch prey
13. Eyes to the sides on squirrels
18. Tree with large thorns next to its leaves
Prevents animals from eating its leaves
Help them see predators
The Diagram below shows the gene flow in the evolution of the polar bear.
19. How can the offspring of a polar bear have different color fur?
Mutation or Recessive trait
20. Why is the last brown bear in the diagram crossed out?
It was not able to survive
21. What process does the diagram represent? Define that process.
Natural selection-The process in which animals with favorable traits are able to survive to pass on those traits
to their offspring.
22. Explain the difference between Natural Selection and Selective Breeding (Artificial Selection).
In natural selection, the environment chooses the favorable trait. In selective breeding, humans select the
favorable trait.
Below is a series of pictures representing changes in a population of cacti over many generations.
23.Why would a deer be likely to eat the ​left​ cactus rather than the ​right​ cactus?
The cactus on the left does not have needles/spines
24. In ​Figure 3​, the right cactus has flowers, but the cactus that has been eaten by the deer is too
damaged to make flowers. ​Figure 4​ shows the situation several months later. What has happened?
The cactus on the left died because it was not fit for its environment.
25. How is the illustration above representing natural selection?
Organisms that have favorable adaptations (likes spines/needles) are able to survive in their
environment. Those organisms are able to pass on their traits to their offspring.
26. The plant above is demonstrating what kind of tropism that causes roots to grow downward and
stems to grow upward?
Geotropism
27. Low turgor pressure would cause the plant to __​wilt​_____________________________.
28. Homeostasis is the body’s ability to _​maintain a stable internal environment​____________________.
Ex: When temperature increases, humans sweat to help ____​cool them
______________________________.
29. A fever is a response from the body that helps​
​slow​ / ​speed up​ the growth of a bacterial infection.
30. Match the terms to the correct definition/explanation.
__​D​__1. an organism consumed by another
__​A​_2. a variation that helps an organism survive
__​B​_3. the surroundings of an organism
A. adaptation
B. environment
C. predator
D. prey
__​C​_4. an organism who hunts another
__​D​_5. a modification of an organism’s internal or external features that
help it survive
__​C​_6. a modification in an organism’s actions that helps it survive
A. natural selection
B. selective breeding
__​A​_7. Darwin’s theory that organisms survive based on how well their
C. behavioral adaptation
traits are suited to their environments
D. structural adaptation
__​B​_8. Organisms are allowed to breed based on the desired outcome
of a certain trait
__​C​_9. allows organisms to blend with their surroundings
A. hibernation
__​B​_10.long distance relocation corresponding with seasons
B. migration
__​A​_11.allows organisms to sleep through the winter to conserve heat
and energy
C. camouflage
__​A​_12.Birds Migrating to an area of warmer climate.​ Behavioral
A. Behavioral Adaptation
__​D​_13. Farmers growing mostly “seedless watermelons”
B. Structural Adaptation
__​A​_14.Bears hibernating during the winter.
__​C​_15.Plants undergoing photosynthesis due to the chloroplast in their
cells.
__​D​_16. Only sheep that produce the best wool are allowed to breed.
C. Functional/ Physiological
Adaptation
D. Selective Breeding
__​B​_17.Lions have sharp teeth to tear into their prey.
__​B​_18.Giraffes have long necks to reach leaves up high in the trees.
__​D​_19. Breeding corn plants that produce more cobs per plant.
__​C​__20. Movement of roots towards water
A. Phototropism
__​A​__21. Movement towards a light source
B. External Stimulus
__​G​__22. A plant’s movement as a response to a stimulus
C. Hydrotropism
__​D​__23. Plant growth responding to gravity
D. Geotropism
__​B​__24. Stimulus from outside the organism
E. Internal stimulus
__​F​__25. Maintaining internal stable environment
F. Homeostasis
__​E​__26. Stimulus from inside the organism
G. Tropism