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Animals and Simple Animals By: Hanna Lambert, Nathan Grim, Luke Stoudt, and Alex Tierney Animalia Animals An animal is a eukaryotic, multicellular, animal that uses movement to transport from place to place. Animals get food by eating food. Most animals reproduce sexually, and have sense organs that help them adapt to their surroundings. Animals also use energy to stay warm. Animals normally have a daily cycle. The daily cycle that controls an animals schedule is called circadian rhythms.. Cacti, bacteria, and mushrooms are not animals. Diagram Early Development An animal at an early stage of development is called an embryo. An embryo is an unborn or unhatched offspring in the process of development. Movement Animals move to get from one place to another. Some animals move by feet. Other animals move by fins or flippers. Some insects move by wings. In addition to normal everyday transportation, some animals migrate to get food, for better living conditions, to breed, or to hibernate. Territories An area that is occupied by an animal or a group of animals is called a territory. Dogs and Cats urinate to claim their territory. Bears claw a tree s high as they can reach to mark their territory. Arthropods Arthropods are Spiders, Centipedes, Millipedes, Horse-shoe Crabs, Mites. Arthropods have spiny skeletons. Arthropods hunt to get food. Spiders reproduce sexually. Whales Whales hunt for food. Whales reproduce sexually. An innate behavior that whales have is the ability to swim, whereas for humans, our means of movement is learned. Whales are mammals Birds Birds hunt for food. Birds reproduce sexually. Their wings are hollow, therefore they can move through the air easier. Birds attract a mate by singing, dancing, and using visual display. Getting Food An organism that eats other organisms is called a consumer. An animal that is eaten by another animal is called prey. Some animals hunt other animals to get food. Body Body Symmetry There are two different kinds of body symmetry, bilateral and radial. Bilateral symmetry is when the left and the right sides of an animal are approximate mirror images. Dogs are bilaterally symmetrical. Radial symmetry is symmetry around a central axis. Sea Stars are radially symmetrical. Body Parts A collection of similar cells is a tissue. A group of tissues that carry out a special function of the body is called an organ. The ganglion is a bunch of nerve cells. The coelom is a body cavity that surrounds the gut. Most animals digest food in their gut. The gut is a pouch that breaks down food. Visceral masses are formed by guts and gills. Simple Animals Cnidarians All cnidarians have stinging cells. Cnidarians develop as medusa or polyp. Jellyfish are a type of cnidarians. They use their cnidae and associated toxin to capture food , and then consume it. Cnidarians can reproduce sexually and asexually. Sponges Sponges are the simplest invertebrates. There are 500 known species of Sponges . Sponges reproduce sexually and asexually. Sponges Filter feed to get food. Mollusks Mollusks have an open circulatory system. All Mollusks use radula A shell protects Mollusks from predators. Feet help most Mollusks to move. Mollusks consume to get food. Mollusks reproduce sexually. A type of mollusk that can live on land is a snail. Squids Squids have a closed circulatory system. Squids are also known as cephalopods. Cephalopods have large brains that connect all ganglia. Squids reproduce sexually. Squids consume in order to get food. Jellyfish Jellyfish are cnidarians. Jellyfish reproduce sexually and asexually. Jellyfish consume to get food. Echinoderms Echinoderms have simple nervous system. Echinoderms have radial symmetry. Echinoderms reproduce both sexually and asexually. They use tube feet to capture food. Worms All worms are segmented Flatworms A flatworm has bilateral symmetry. Examples of flatworms are planarians, flukes, and leeches. Flatworms are found where there is water. Round/Earth Worms A round worm’s body is worm’s body is long, slim, and round. Earth worms are the most common annelids. Earth worms are herbivores. Parasites Parasites feed on living animals. Some worms are parasites. A well-known type of a parasite is a hookworm. Vertebrates An animal with a backbone is a vertebrate. A vertebrate has an advanced nervous system , and a highly developed brain A vertebrate has an outer-covering of protective skin. A flying squirrel is an example of a vertebrate. Invertebrates The word invertebrate means that an animal has no backbone. A Sea Star uses an endoskeleton to move, eat, and breathe. The simplest invertebrates are Sponges. Invertebrates can be either radial or bilateral symmetrical. Vertebrates VS. Invertebrates Vertebrates and invertebrates are very different. Vertebrates have a backbone, whereas invertebrates do not. Vertebrates have a highly developed brain and an advanced nervous system, whereas invertebrates do not. Vertebrates have an outer-covering of protective skin, and invertebrates do not have this trait.
