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NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook October 21, 2015 The Byzantine Empire Standard 62.5 Explain the impact of the Byzantine Empire, including the Justinian Code and the preservation of Greek and Roman learning, architecture, and government. Standard 63.4 Explain the origin and fundamental beliefs of Islam and the geographic and economic aspects of its expansion. NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook October 21, 2015 Now that we know what was happening in the west, what was happening in the east? In the eastern portion of the Roman Empire, a great empire was flourishing. It lasted for nearly 1000 years after the Roman Empire and is known as the Byzantine Empire. Its success is due to the location of the capital, great leaders, and preserving Greek and Roman knowledge. NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook October 21, 2015 Welcome to Constantinople NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook October 21, 2015 The Roman Empire hit some very hard times. Let's Review: 1. The Roman Empire was split and the capital was moved from the west to the east. 2. The Empire was attacked from outsiders. 3. Next, to keep up the army and take care of the poor, taxes were raised. Then leaders became corrupt and the people were in trouble. 4. Finally, Rome was not strong enough to defend itself and fell to Barbarians. This put Europe in the Dark Ages! NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook October 21, 2015 1 Why did the Roman Empire fall? A Muslims took over Rome. B When the capital was moved to the east, the empire became weak and barbarians were able to attack. C The location of the captial made trade difficult. D The Roman Empire did not fall. NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook October 21, 2015 Geography The emperor Constantine moved the capital of the Roman empire to the east. He modeled the city after Rome and named it after himself Constantinople. Constantinople was the center of the Byzantine Empire. It was originally called Byzantium by the Greeks, and is known today as Istanbul, Turkey. The city was located on the Bosporus Strait. It had natural crossroads that linked Europe to Asia. It was easy for people to get to the Mediterranean Sea for trade with Europe or get to the Silk Road for trade with Asia. NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook October 21, 2015 MAP Label the following on your Map: Europe Asia Black Sea Aegean Sea Mediterranean Sea Greece Italy Constantinople Bosporus Strait Use textbook or Map on the next slide! NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook October 21, 2015 NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook October 21, 2015 The location of Constantinople also had many advantages. Look at the map and tell me some advantages you see... A natural safe harbor for military and merchant ships was provided. A natural defense was provided by the Black and Aegean Seas on three sides. Move the map for answers NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook October 21, 2015 Why was Constantinople considered a crossroad? Constantinople sat between Europe and Asia, where many goods traveled through the city. Duties, or taxes, were charged on every item that went through the city. This was how the city made most of it's money. NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook 2 Where was Constantinople located? A On the Bosporus Strait in present-day Turkey. B On the Mediterranean Strait near Spain. C On the Strait of Gilbraltar in North Africa. D On the Black Sea in the Caribbean Sea. October 21, 2015 NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook October 21, 2015 3 Why was Constantinople successful in becoming wealthy? A They borrowed money from the African Empire. B They had unpredictable rulers that spent all the empires money. C People of the Roman Empire made people of the Byzantine Empire practice their religion. D It was located on natural crossroads between Europe and Asia where trade passed through. NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook October 21, 2015 4 How did the capital city of Constantinople make most of its money? A Skilled artisans traded with Africa for most of the citys wealth. B They charged taxes on the trade that passed through from Europe and Asia. C They charged high taxes on all people living in the city. D It did not have a lot of money; they were very poor. NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook October 21, 2015 Greek Fire Another reason the city survived so well is due to the strong army and good leaders that it had. Their leaders used new technologies of the time, such as Greek Fire. Nothing like it had been used before. Greek Fire was a substance that burned everything it touched. The soldiers used siphons, or hoses, to spray ships or approaching armies. Greek Fire even burned on water. The formula was very secretive and never written down. It was passed down to only a few people. When the Byzantine empire died, the formula died as well. NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook October 21, 2015 5 How did Greek Fire help the Byzantine Empire? A It made everyone in the empire equal. B It gave them an advantage because no other country had discovered fire yet. C It burned everything it touched, including water, allowing them to defeat enemies and invaders. D It enabled them to stay warm in the winter months. NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook October 21, 2015 Clever rulers helped to maintain the empire. These rulers had more power than others. They saw themselves as representatives of God on Earth. Among the greatest of these rulers was Justinian. NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook October 21, 2015 6 Why was the Byzantine Empire so successful? A They had the largest army in the world at this time. B The Greeks and Romans fought in the army for the Byzantine Empire. C Its location is the only thing that made it successful. D They were wealthy, used new technologies in their strong armies, and had great leaders. NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook October 21, 2015 Justinian ruled from 527565. He was not your typical emperor. He was born into a poor family and married an actress. His wife, Theodora, helped him be a great leader. Theodora took an active role in politics by making many laws for women's rights. Justinian controlled the army and navy, he made laws, he was the head of the church, and he could declare war or peace. NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook October 21, 2015 Justinian's biggest contribution was the Justinian Code. He examined Rome's laws and organized them into a legal system called the Justinian Code. He removed out of date and unChristian laws. He simplified Roman law to give fair treatment to all. NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook October 21, 2015 NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook October 21, 2015 NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook October 21, 2015 NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook October 21, 2015 Justinian also helped preserve Greek and Roman knowledge. If they had not cared for these, the works may have been lost forever. Justinian preserved items such as books, scientific discoveries and advances, and laws. The people of the Byzantine Empire improved on the works of the Greeks and Romans. NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook October 21, 2015 Artists of the Byzantine Empire enhanced Roman style of using natural marble for mosaics with brightly colored glass. They decorated and built Christian churches throughout the Empire, including the Hagia Sophia. NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook October 21, 2015 7 Why is Justinian considered one of the best rulers of the Byzantine Empire? A He created the largest empire the world has ever known. B He married a princess from Egypt and combined the two empires. C He created fair rules for everyone and preserved Greek and Roman works. D He was the son of the greatest Roman Emperor. NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook 8 What was Justinian's biggest contribution? A the creation of the Justinian Code B the creation of Greek Fire C the discovery of Roman art D his marriage to an actress October 21, 2015 NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook October 21, 2015 9 Why was the Justinian Code imporant? A It was a set of laws that were unfair and only applied to poor people. B It was a simplified version of Roman Law that applied to everyone and became the basis for other laws that exist today. C It challenged the authority of the kings in the Byzantine Empire. D It helped poor people become rich. NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook October 21, 2015 People in the east and west began to interpret elements of Christianity differently. Eastern priests could get married, but western priests could not. People in the east studied Greek, not Latin. Religious services were performed in Greek in the east and in Latin in the west. Because of many differences, the east broke away from the west and formed the Eastern Orthodox Church. What is a schism? Eastern Orthodox Symbol Roman Catholic Symbol NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook October 21, 2015 10 How was Christianity interpreted differently in the east and the west? A The people of Rome stopped believing in Christianity. B People in the east wanted to change to the Asian philosophy of Daoism. C In the east, Islam became the main religion, and in the west, it was still Christianity. D In the east, services were performed in Greek, and in the west, services were performed in Latin. NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook October 21, 2015 11 What happened as a result of these different religious interpretations in the east and west? A The east broke away from the west and formed the Eastern Orthodox Church. B The west broke away from the east and formed the Islamic Community Church. C The east broke away from the west and changed their religion to Buddhism. D They settled their difference in court and stayed together as the Roman Catholic Church. NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook October 21, 2015 Answer the questions below to gather information about the Roman and Byzantine empires. Use the information to make a Venn Diagram to compare and contrast the two. 1. What are some similarities between the Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire? 2. Which empire covered the most land area? 3. What were the differences in religion between the two empires? 4. Which capital city was more accessible to trade? Rome or Constantinople? Why? 5. Based on the information in the charts what are some characteristics of a great civilization? 6. Have these empires influenced our society today? Why? How? Byzantine Empire Roman Empire Both NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook October 21, 2015 ISLAM a monotheistic religion • The Islamic civilization originated among the nomadic traders who inhabited and traveled throughout the deserts of the Arabian Peninsula in the early 7th century A.D. • What is a nomad? • It is based upon the principles of the religion of Islam, as revealed to the prophet Muhammad. People who follow this religion are called Muslims. • Muslims believe that God spoke to Muhammad through an angel and made him a prophet. • The messages he received were the basis for Islam and were collected in the holy book of Islam called the Qur’an (Koran). • Muhammad taught that there is only one God, Allah, which means “the God” in Arabic. • Islam gained popularity around the Arabian Peninsula; its followers established an Islamic government whose control quickly spread to all of Southwest Asia. • Within 100 years of Muhammad’s death, through normal trade activities and conquests, the Islamic empire expanded to include North Africa, Spain, and parts of India. NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook October 21, 2015 The Five Pillars of Islam are the basic beliefs of the Muslims • Faith: the Muslims say and believe “There is no god but God, and Muhammad is his prophet” • Prayer: the Muslims pray five times a day • Sharing: Giving to the poor and needy • Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan • Pilgrimage: Traveling to Mecca at least once on a hajj NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook October 21, 2015 ISLAMIC CONTRIBUTIONS • • • • • Geography • Geographers made more accurate maps than before and developed better ways of calculating distances. Math • They combined the Indian number system, including the use of zero, with the Greek science of mathematics. • One mathematician laid the foundations for modern algebra. Astronomy • They made improvements to the astrolabe, which the Greeks had invented to chart the positions of the stars. • Many cities had observatories where people could study the sun, moon, and stars. Medicine • The Muslims’ greatest scientific achievements may have come in medicine. • Muslims started the first pharmacy school to teach people how to make medicine. • A doctor discovered how to treat smallpox. • Another doctor, known in the west as Avicenna, wrote a medical encyclopedia. Philosophy • Muslim philosophy focused on spiritual issues, which led to a movement called Sufism, and on rational thought. • Sufism teaches that people can find God’s love by having a personal relationship with God. NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook October 21, 2015 Like the Byzantines without preserving ancient knowledge and improving on discoveriesthe ancient knowledge would have been lost forever!! NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook October 21, 2015 12 What is a main belief of Muslims? A They study the Torah. B They believe in one god (Allah) and that Muhammad was a prophet of god. C They are polytheistic and believe in many gods. D They worship Buddha. NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook October 21, 2015 13 How do Muslims practice their beliefs? A They pray only to Egytian Pharaohs and gods. B They express their beliefs through the 5 Pillars of Islam. C They practice a combination of Hinduism and Buddhism. D They believe in ancient Roman gods. NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook October 21, 2015 14 The 5 Pillars of Islam are Faith, Prayer, Sharing, Fasting, and Pilgrimage. True False NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook 15 What is the holy book of Islam? A Torah B Bible C Icon D Koran October 21, 2015 NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook October 21, 2015 16 How did Islam spread so quickly through Asia, North Africa, and the Mediterranean Coast? A People in those areas had no religion. B Muhammad migrated into those areas. C Nomadic Muslim traders took their religion there. D Mecca was no longer an important place. NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook October 21, 2015 17 How are the followers of Christianity, Islam, and Judaism alike or similar? A They are all monotheistic and believe in one God. B They all believe Muhammad is the one and only prophet. C They all believe the Torah is the holy book. D They all believe that Jesus is the Messiah. NOTES for Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire.notebook October 21, 2015 Flocabulary The Byzantine Empire https://www.flocabulary.com/thebyzantineempire/
