Download Greek Civilizations

Ancient Greece MINOAN 2000 BCE – 1400 BCE n n n n n n n Developed on island of Crete In Mediterranean Sea – ½ way between Greece & Asia Minor Legend: Zeus born on island Capital: Palace of Knossos Monarchy: rule by a king Controlled Aegean Sea Maritime people n n *traded by sea with Spain, Egypt, Canaan & Asia Minor *fished MINOAN 2000 BCE – 1400 BCE (cont.) n n Culture: Athletic events/festivals n n n n n n n n n n n Dancing Bull­leaping Boxing Equality *Religion *Agriculture *Crafts Plumbing system Military not important Cultural model for Mycenaean End is unknown (earthquake, invasion)
1 MYCENAEAN 1900 BCE – 1100 BCE Mainland Greeks of Bronze age Ruled by warrior­king Prisoners of War enslaved to king & soldiers Developed around city of Mycenae Borrowed from Minoan Pottery & jewelry Farming – grains, grapes, olives Society collapsed from internal wars Entered Dark Ages with emergence of Dorians Art of writing was lost n n n n n n n n n n HELLENIC 800 BCE – 336 BCE n n n n n n n Golden Age of Athens 477­431 B.C. Age of Homer Iliad and Odyssey Philosophy Socrates, Plato, Aristotle Architecture Parthenon – Greek temple dedicated to Athens Acropolis in Athens
2 HELLENISTIC 336 BCE – 323 BCE n n n n n Result of Conquest of Alexander the Great Blend of Greek and eastern customs Alexandria­ cultural center of Hellenistic Age Adopted ideas from Minoan & Mycenaean (Navigation, Pottery­making, metalworking, religious practices, myths & legends) Made advances in scientific & cultural achievements n n n n museums & libraries astronomy & geography mathematics & physics Euclid, Archimedes (mathematicians) Geography of Greece n n Peninsula: an area of land surrounded by water on three sides Greeks became skilled sailors (travel & trade important because Greece lacks natural resources such as timber, metals, & farmland
3 n n n n n n n Consists of mountainous peninsula with over 2k islands Seaways link most parts of Greece Rugged mountains cover about ¾ of Greece Mountains divide the land into many different regions (Greeks loyal to local communities) Land is arable: not suitable for farming Climate: mild 48ํ° in winter & 80° in summer Outdoor life of Greeks (public events, sports, meetings Impact of Geography on Greece n n n Economic activities: sea travel and trade Greeks needed to expand territory to support larger population Islands, mountains, and seas divided Greece and led to the development of city­ states Athens Geography 1. Located in south­central Greece 2. Large plain surrounded by mountains 3. Four miles from Aegean Sea 4. On Attica Peninsula Government 1. Democracy n First to use= citizens rule themselves n Free male citizens could vote & hold office 2. Laws were written to maintain order n Harsh like Hammurabi’s Code n Leaders not free to interpret as they wish
4 Delian League 1. Established after Persian defeat 2. Made­up numerous Greek city­states 3. Defense pact against future Persian aggression Different philosophy of life than Sparta 1. Develop mind and talents 2. Government encouraged arts People forced to sell themselves into slavery to repay debts Solon 1. Took control of govt. 2. Canceled debts of poor 3. Made slavery to pay debts illegal n Popular with lower classes n Unpopular with aristocrats Sparta Geography 1. Southeastern part of Greece in region called Peloponnesus 2. Northern tip of fertile plain 3. Mountains to east & west 4. 25 miles from sea Government 1. Oligarchy 2. Life centered around militaristic society n Develop strong people *sick/weak left to die n Boys entered military at age 7 *in service for 23 years=then became citizen 3. Forced people into slavery from conquered lands=HELOTS
5 Aggressive People 1. Conquered nearby lands 2. Respected for strength and courage 3. Looked down on for one­sided life Peloponnesian League 1. Made­up of Green city­states 2. Helped Athens defeat Persia during Persian Wars. 3. Feared Athens’ power, prestige & spread of democracy to other city­states Peloponnesian War Causes 1. Rivalry between Athens & Sparta intensified 2. Sparta issued ultimatum to Athens “release all cities under its control or face war” 3. Athens refused & war begins in 431 BC The War 1. Lasts 27 years 2. Sparta had stronger army 3. Athens stronger navy 4. Sparta surrounds Athens in 2 nd year of war n Athenians protected inside city walls n Plague hits­ 1 out of 4 died The War cont. 5. Persians give Sparta funds to build stronger fleet n Persians wanted to prolong the war 6. In 404 BC, Athens surrenders Aftermath 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Athens forced to tear down walls surrounding city Sparta ruled all Greece for short time Persia helped Thebes become strongest city­state Greece didn’t accept Theban rule Fighting broke out and weakened city­states Philip ll of Macedonia able to conquer Greece and create one kingdom
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