Download Review for Egypt Unit Test: February 6th Ahmose: an Egyptian

Review for Egypt Unit Test: February 6th
Ahmose: an Egyptian prince who defeated the Hyksos he founded a new line of pharaohs in the New Kingdom
Akhenaton: originally known as Amenhotep IV, changed the religion and made the god Aton above Amon-Re.
His name literal means “Spirit of Aton”.
Amon-Re- the god of Thebes combined with the Sun god Re, became the most-powerful god in Egypt
Aton-the god who Amenhotep IV made superior to Amon-Re
Hatshepsut- pharaoh who was interested in trade and building of temples, step-mother to Thutmose III.
Khufu- the pharaoh for which the largest pyramid was built, he is also known as Cheops.
Narmer- King of Upper Egypt who defeated Lower Egypt and united the 2 kingdoms. Also known as: Menes
He wore a double crown: a high white one of the south and a shallow red one of the north
He was also called: “Lord of Upper and Lower Egypt”, “Wearer of Both Crowns” and “Lord of the Two
lands”. Began the era known as the Old Kingdom
Osiris- god of the harvest and eternal life, married to Isis
Thutmose III.: a warrior-pharaoh who extend Egyptian control into Syria and Palestine, his step-mother was
Hatshepsut.
Tutankhamen: son-in-law of Amenhotep IV, became pharaoh at age 9, he died at age 18 and during his reign,
Egypt returned to honoring Amon-Re. Known as King Tut
The area of rich fertile land where the Nile River flows into the Mediterranean Sea , the Nile Delta, was known
as Lower Egypt. The land of Egypt borders the Mediterranean and Red Seas.
The Egyptians benefited greatly from living along the Nile: the yearly floods left fertile soil for farming;
cataracts along the river protected it from foreign invasions; water was used for irrigation. The Nile River
floods every year during the middle of July.
The Old Kingdom: most Egyptians lived on large estates long the banks of the Nile. Egyptian cities were
centers of religion and government.
Pharoahs – literally means “great house”, they were the Egyptian rulers. Responsible for building granaries to
store food, repairing the irrigation system; performing religious rituals; he was first to cut the ripe grain and
rode a bull around the city for a good harvest.
Middle Kingdom: government officials jealous of the pharaoh’s power took control of Egypt. Priests became
very powerful. After about a period 200 years of confusion this Kingdom began. Pharaohs had less power and
were no longer buried in pyramids, but in tombs in hillsides. Ended when Egypt was invaded by the Hyksos
who used bronze and iron weapons.
New Kingdom: Began when Ahmose led an uprising against the Hysksos. They extended their empire
eastward. Thebes became the capital of Egypt. Conquest and trade took place in this kingdom. They
worshipped Amon-Re.
Contributions: a paper made from papyrus; ink to write with; a number system based on ten; geometry to
survey land; a calendar with 365 days; doctors who were specialists; first to use splints, bandages and
compresses; could use stitches and set broken bones; also treated indigestion and hair loss.
The Egyptian Empire lasted approximately 2,000 years from 3100 BC – 1150 BC.
Cartouche- an elongated shen used to show the name of a royal person
Ankh – the symbol of life
Shen- symbol for infinity
Thoth- god of wisdom and scibes
Sekhmet-goddess of war
Isis-wife of Osiris, mother of Horus Horus-King of the gods
Osiris-god and ruler of the dead
Anubis-god of embalmers and the dead
Mummy- a body wrapped in linen; Canopic Jars – containers used to store the mummy’s organs
Hieroglyphics: Egyptian picture writing, they usually left out syllables
Heel bone=10 Coil of rope =100 Lotus=1,000
bent stick=10,000 fish=100,000
astonished man 1million
Papyrus- Egyptian paper made from the reed of the papyrus plant
Shadoof- a machine used to remove water from the Nile
Pyramid- known as “house of eternity” it was the burial spot for Pharaohs in the Old Kingdom
Survey- using geometry to measure land
Embalming: the process of embalming a dead body. Natron is the mineral, similar to salt, used to dry the body
Cataracts- waterfalls found along the Nile River
Additional information:
It is the year 2013, the Egyptian empires began approximately 3100 B.C.E. That is 5,100 years ago.
Papyrus was used for paper, sandals, baskets, columns in houses, and even clothing.
Egyptian farmers grew wheat, flax, barley and grapes
The size of the empire increased during each kingdom. The largest was the New Kingdom.
Howard Carter is given credit for discovering King Tut’s tomb.
The Rosetta Stone: The key to understanding hieroglyphics. Written in 3 languages: Greek, Egyptian, and
demotic. The Rosetta Stone was translated by: Jean-François Champollion
Herodotus, a Greek historian, called Egypt “The Gift of the Nile”