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Bell Ringer Objectives • Analyze the appeal of Buddhism to the people of Asia Students complete -Who was Siddhartha Gautama? -What were his ideas on the problems of life? -What was his solution? Describe them. State Standards •W.22 Describe the impact of Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. • • • • • • • • • • • Emperor Shi Huangdi Emperor Wudi Confucianism Legalism Great Wall of China Silk road Terra cotta soldiers Long ruling Dynasty Short ruling Dynasty Took Territory West Burned Confucian Books Appeal of Buddhism • Social heirarchy - Castes – Did not recognize social distinctions based on caste – message appealed strongly to lower castes – Merchants prominent in ranks of early Buddhism Appeal of Buddhism • Vernacular – Early Buddhists favored local vernacular that reached larger numbers, instead of Sanskrit, literary language of Vedas • Stupas – shrines housing relics of the Buddha and his first disciples – Recognized holy sites that served as focal points of devotion Appeal of Buddhism • Organization – Buddhist movement was organized – Gifts, grants, provided land, buildings, finances for monasteries – Monks spent much time explaining dharma to lay audience – Patronage of Mauryan dynasty added to appeal Spread of Buddhism • Monks – Spread, retained coherence – Organized into monasteries that promoted the faith • Leaders – Asoka and later Kushan Emperors – Growth spurred by conversion – Encouraged missionaries (Sri Lanka, China, Korea, and Japan) – ordered Buddhist relics enshrined in 84,000 stupas he had built all over his kingdom Spread of Buddhism • spread north and east w/in 200 years after death of Buddha • By 13th century Buddhism had virtually disappeared from India Spread of Buddhism • What about India? – Pockets of Buddhism remained in India, especially in the northeast – Brahmin opposition was strong and aided by Gupta emperors – Hinduism showed adaptability by emphasizing mystical side Schools of Buddhism Mahayana The “Great Vehicle” (opened the road to many people) • 100 C.E. • Northern Asia (China, Japan, etc.) • Lay Buddhism – Buddhism “for the masses” • Focus on compassion • Goal is to become a bodhisattva and assist others toward enlightenment Schools of Buddhism - Theravada The “Way of the Elders” • Oldest school of Buddhism - stricter • southern Asia (Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, etc.) • A “do-it-yourself” approach to enlightenment • Focus on wisdom and meditation • Goal is to become a Buddha Mauryan Empire • Chandragupta Mauryan unified northern India • Asoka most famous emperor of Mauryan empire • Erected huge stone pillars inscribed with his policies-- some said that he would treat subjects fairly Bodhisattvas • Held that some people could attain nirvana through their own meditation and still remain in world to teach others Buddhist texts • Tripitaka (the Pali Cannon) – the “Three Baskets”: 1. Vinaya (“discipline”) – rules for monastic life 2. Sutta (“discourse”) – sermons of the Buddha 3. Abhidhamma (metaphysical “teachings”) • Dhammapada – collected sayings of the Buddha • Other texts used by specific schools