Download Regents Review: Theme #1: Change Period of Time When Describe

Name:
Period:
Regents Review: Theme #1: Change
Period of Time
Neolithic
Revolution: pg.
13-15
When
Describe
Around 10,000
BCE
People learned how to plant seeds,
grow food (Agriculture), and
domesticate animals.
Industrial
Revolution: pg.
609-610, 615-620
1750, England
(money, man,
materials,
machine,
markets)
Means of production of goods
shifted from hand tools to
machines and from human/animal
power to steam power
Meiji Restoration:
pg. 644, 786-789
1868-1912
Reforms: Modernization,
Economics, Industrialization
Crusades: pg. 249,
255-260
1095-1291
Reclaim Holy Land from Sejuk
Turks. More power to Europe.
Forgiveness of sins. Nobles gain
land/wealth. Serfs escape from
feudal land control.
Spread of the
Bubonic Plague:
pg. 269, 274-275
Mid 1300’s
A disease spread by fleas carried
by the black rat. The rats infested
ships, towns, and even homes.
Chinese
Communist
Revolution: pg.
1005, 1077
1934-1949
Led by Mao Zedong against the
Kuomintang (Nationalist) because:
Promise of land, overcame
corruption, and end of foreign
domination.
Impact/Effect
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Population increase
Permanent settlements
New social classes
New technology
Cultural diffusion
1. Laissez Faire economy
(Adam Smith-Wealth of
Nations)
2. Rise of big business
3. New class structure
4. Urbanization
5. Improved transportation
6. New technology rapidly
developed
Led to:
1. Militarism
2. Social change
3. Imperialism (Global
Power)
1. Trade increases
(Commercial Revolution)
2. Religious toleration
3. Interest in travel
4. Growth of towns
5. Pope more power
6. Feudalism weakened
7. Cultural diffusion
1. Disease spread throughout
Europe
2. 1 out of 3 people died
3. Global epidemic
4. Caused social upheaval
5. Economic prosperity
decreased
6. Questioned faith and
church
1.
Transformed into
industrialists/collectivized
farming (Great leap Forward)
2.
Literacy increased
3.
Classes eliminated
4.
Health care improved
5.
One party dictator
6.
Denial of human rights
Communist government
Name:
Renaissance: pg.
410-421
Period:
1300-1500’s
Rebirth of Europe (New way of
thinking) Golden Age: Arts,
Literature, and Science. Ideas of
the Greeks and Romans.
1. Humanism: Influence on
individual achievement.
2. Examination of worldly
subjects
3. New Style of
Art/architecture
4. Improved literacy
(Printing Press)
Theme #2: Turning Point
Turning Point
Fall of
Constantinople:
pg. 329-330
When/Where
1453- Byzantine
Empire
Describe
-
-
Columbus Voyage:
pg. 449-451, 472473
French
Revolution: pg.
570-593
Russian
Revolution: pg.
626, 715, 831-732,
839-840
1492- Spain and
Americas
1789- France
Events: Storming of the
Bastille,
Tennis Court Oath,
Declaration of the
Rights of Men and
Citizens, Reign of
Terror,
Directory,
Rise of Napoleon.
1917- Russia (U.S.S.R)
Lost land to the
invading armies
and had internal
struggles (Results
of the Crusades)
Conquered by
Ottoman Turks
- Wanted to reach Asia by
sailing across the Atlantic
(result of the Crusades)
- Tripped was financed by
Isabella-Ferdinand
- Encountered new
continent that Spain
claimed
Overthrow of King Louis
XVI:
- Government was
bankrupt (wars,
Palace of
Versailles)
- Estate System (land
and voting) led to
unfair taxation
- 3rd Peasants
(proletariat) were
starving
- Triggered by
success of American
Revolution and
Enlightenment
ideas
Vladimir Lenin overthrew
the Czar Nicholas II because
of poor working conditions
and rights like land and
speech were being violated.
Lenin promised the Peace,
Brand, & Land.
Effect:
1. Changed to Muslim
Trading Empire
2. Preserved culture of
Greeks and Romans
3. Gave Russia written
language—Cyrillic
4. Introduced/spread
Orthodox Christianity
1. Old Imperialism (Encomineda
System)
2. African Slave Trade starts
3. Columbian Exchange—plants,
animals, people, diseases
4. Competition for Colonies and
trade in the “New World” began.
1. Major Nationalism
2. Rise of the middle class
(bourgeoisie)
3. Reforms (Napoleon)Napoleonic Code
4. Merit based jobs
5. Sparked the Latin
American Independence
Movements
1. Worlds 1st communist
Government
2. Peasants got communal
land
3. Very limited Human
rights
4. Dictatorship rom Lenin to
Stalin (Totalitarian State)
Name:
Period:
Collapse of
Communism in
USSR: pg. 844-845,
904-911, 972,
1004-1006
1989-1991—U.S.S.R
and Eastern Europe
Communism violated
human rights such as
freedom of speech and right
to vote (suffrage)
As an economic system it
did not work because it put
too much emphasis on
heavy industry. Also no
profit motive. Gorbachev
started Glasnost and
Perestroika
Spain weakened and LA
was inspired by American
and French Revolution.
There were land reforms
and social class changes.
Early 1800’s –Latin
America (Central and
South America)
Latin American
Revolution: pg.
645-650
Magna Carta: pg.
246-247, 250
1. Simon Bolivar
2. Tousaint L’Overture
3. Miguel Hidalgo
4. Jose de San Martin
-English rulers clashed with
nobles and church over
efforts to extend royal
power.
1215- England—King
John
-
Nobility rebelled
against King John
and forced him to
sign the charter;
placed limits on the
king’s power.
1. Formation of CIS
(commonwealth of
Independent States)
2. Loss role as a superpower
3. End of Cold War
4. Created economic
hardship because of
struggles with the idea of
a free market system
5. Ethnic unrest in Balkans
and Chechnya
1. Failed in an attempt to
unite all of LA
2. Created a number of
smaller nations
3. Long struggle with
dictatorships, social
equality, and overcoming
poverty
1. Start of the evolution of
democracy in Great
Britain
2. Led to the development of
Parliament
3. Eventually gave power to
the people over the king.
Theme #3: Major Belief Systems (Created to keep mankind in order)
Belief
Systems
Judaism: pg.
57-60, 83
Where/Found/
Sacred Text:
List 3 Major Beliefs:
Middle East (Torah)
1.
2.
3.
4.
10 commandments
People are responsible for actions
Human life worth while
Monotheistic
Christianity:
pg. 83, 167168
Middle East and
Europe (Bible)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Monotheistic
Jesus the savior
Pacifism
Reject wealth
Forgiveness of sins
Mercy for poor and helpless
10 commandments
Name:
Period:
Islam: pg. 83,
306-308
Middle East
(Qur’an/Koran)
1. Monotheistic
2. Five pillars of Islam (pray five times a day, give charity,
declaration of faith to one god and his name is Allah, must fast
during the Month of Ramadan, and pilgrimage to Mecca)
3. Muhammad is the founder and prophet.
Hinduism: pg.
83, 76-78
India (Bhegavad Gita
and Vedas)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Polytheistic
Rigid Caste System
Reincarnation
Dharma
Karma
Buddhism:
pg. 79-82
India, China, Japan, SE
Asia (Tripitaka)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Four Noble Truths
8 Fold Path
Nirvana
Dharma
Confucianism:
pg. 83, 104,
107, 111
China (Analects)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Ancestral Worship
Respect for authority
Filial piety
Five key relationships
Group more important than individual
Taoism
(Daoism): pg.
98, 107, 11,
401
China and South east
Asia
1. People live in harmony with nature
2. Important virtues (Yielding and acceptance)
3. Yin/Yang—positive and negative: harmony, peace, and well
being
Animism: pg.
13, 1167
Africa’s traditional
Society (agriculture)
1. Polytheistic
2. Everything has a spirit nature ancestral worship
3. Respect for nature
Shintoism:
pg. 389, 390,
405, 1167
Japan (Reflected in art
and ceremonies)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Polytheistic
Ancestral worship
Spirit lives in nature
Emperor sprang from the sun goddess and is a god
Name:
Period:
Theme #4: Geography and Environment
Name
Egypt: pg. 18, 44-48
Identify River
Nile
1. Most of Egypt is desert so the river
provides drinking water and irrigation
for crops
2. Highways for travel and trade
3. Centralized government (pharaoh)
4. Hieroglyphics (writing system)
China: pg. 18, 92-100
Huang He (Yellow River Valley)
1. Most of the population lived along the
east coast
2. Floods caused crop damage which led
to a strong centralized government
3. Created public works systems to
control rivers
4. Isolated (ethnocentrism)
South Asia (India Subcontinent) pg. 68-74
Indus River (Harappa and
Mohenjo-Daro)
Mesopotamia: pg. 30-35
Impact
Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
(fertile Crescent)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Well planned cities (urban)
Provided roads
Grid like cities
Developed textiles industry through
cotton
5. Well organized government
6. Sanitation Systems
1. Very good farmland
2. No natural barriers which made it open
for migration and invasion
3. Center of the world
4. Shared customs and ideas
5. Hammurabi’s Code
6. Cuneiform (writing system)
How did the Chinese influence Japan? (Think Geography)
First through Korea. During the 600’s and 700’s Japan modeled the Chinese capital. Nobles adopted Chinese
language, food, and style of dress. They also adopted the Chinese tea ceremony, music, dance, and gardens.
From the 900’s to 1200’s they changed their style of writing. (Selective borrowing – only took the ideas and
aspects of life they thought they would benefit from and left everything else.)
Name:
Period:
Give THREE geographic reasons why the industrial Revolution began in England. (pg. 609620) (Man, materials, machines, money, merchants/markets.)
1. Natural resources, such as coal and iron ore.
2. Natural harbors because it’s an island.
3. Rivers that provide transportation and power for factories.
Give THREE lasting geographic effects of the Industrial Revolution. (pg. 609-620)
1. Urbanization: people move from small countryside villages to towns and cities
2. Improved transportation: Roads, canals, railroads, and steam boats.
3. Raised the standard of living: settlement patterns and conditions improved
Other effects:
1. Labor Unions and workers’ rights
2. Improved capitalism
3. Marxism and communism developed.
Name:
Period:
Regents Review: Theme #5 (Economic Systems)
Directions: For each term define, give examples, and state the date when practiced and where.
Major Economic Themes:
1. Traditional Economy/System: (p.31) - p. 4 - 2010-13 eds. [p. 17]
A. Define: A system based primarily on farming /traditional lifestyles
B. Example: Early civilizations (River valley civilizations, Mesoamerican civilizations)
C. Date when practiced: They are still practiced in Less Developed Countries
D. Where: All over the world to present 21st century
2. Command Economy or Marxist/Socialist: (p.289) - pp. 200-1 & p. 234- 2010-13 eds. [p.905]
A. Define: An economic system where the government makes all the economic decisions (communism)
B. Example: Karl Marx (Marxism, Communism—China, U.S.S.R.
C. Date when practiced: First practiced in Russia after the revolution in 1917 (Modern day China)
D. Where: U.S.S.R and Modern day China
3. Market System/Economy or Capitalist: (p.289) - p. 234- 2010-13 eds. [p.493-4, p. 973]
A. Define: The means of production are privately owned and operated for profit
B. Example: Started during the Commercial Revolution (After the Crusades) and later associated
with Adam Smith and the Industrial Revolution.
C. Date when practiced: 1700’s to today
D. Where: Industrial Nations—Global North—Europe, United States
Name:
Period:
Specific Economic Examples in History:
4. Manorialism (p.93) - p. 57- 2010-13 eds. [p. 222]
A. Define: An economic system structured around a lord’s manor or estate
B. Example: Serfs farmed the land and in return the lord provided them with several acres of farm land. The
lord also protected them during war times.
C. When and where practiced: Medieval Europe during the Middle Ages
5. Mercantilism (p.165-166) - p.125- 2010-13 eds. [p. 494]
A. Define: Economic policy to export more than you import to build the nation’s wealth; The colony exists of
the purpose of the mother country.
B. Example: Colonies supplied raw materials and served as a market for its exports
C. When and where practiced: European nations during the 1500-1700’s (Age of Exploration)
6. Laissez-Faire (p.210-211) - pp. 165-166- 2010-13 eds. [p.548]
A. Define: Business operate with little or no government interference. Extreme form of capitalism (hands of
approach)
B. Example: Factories in Great Britain and the United States
C. When and where practiced: In Europe and US during the Industrial Revolution
7. Imperialism (p. 220-226) - pp. 173 & 174- 2010-13 eds. [p. 750]
A. Define: Domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country.
B. Example: Britain over India and the scramble for Africa
C. When and where practiced: Old 1500’s (Encomienda System) and 1800’s to WWI (New)
8. Cash Crop Economies (p.199) - p. 156- 2010-13 eds. [p.1082]
A. Define: The raising and selling of one crop or small number of crops
B. Example: Latin America
C. When and where practiced: Mid 1800’s to today between L.A., Spain, and Portugal
Name:
Period:
9. Commercial Revolution (p.121-123) - pp. 84 & 85- 2010-13 eds. [p.492]
A. Define: The business revolution that occurred in Europe after the Middle Age (Crusades)
B. Example: The formation of guilds and partnerships and joint stock companies (capitalism)
C. When and where practiced: In Europe during 1000 to 1300’s
Regents Review: Theme #6: Political Systems
Directions: For each term define, give examples, and state where and when it was practiced.
1. Monarchy (Absolutism) (p.168) - pp. 126-128- 2010-13 eds. [p. 506]
A. Define: Autocratic Rulers had complete authority over govt. & people
B. Example: France-Louis XIV (King/Queen rules alone)
C. When and where practiced: France in the late 1600s – early 1700s
2. Feudalism (p.92-93) - pp. 56-57- 2010-13 eds. [p.95]
A. Define: government in which local lords control their own lands but owe military service
and other support to a greater lord (king)
B. Example: Weak monarchs and Decentralized governments
C.
When and where practiced: 800’s-1200’s Western Europe, 1500’s-1700’s Japan
3. Democracy (p.183-185, 280-281) - p. 143-145 & 227 – 2010-13 eds.
3-1 Direct Democracy: (p. 44) - pp. 13 - 14 – 2010-13 eds. [p. 121]
A. Define: The people are directly involved in government issues (voting)
B.
Example: Ancient Athens (Greek city state)
C.
When and where practiced: 400-500’s BCE (Golden Age of Pericles 460-429)
Name:
Period:
3-2 Representative/Parliamentary Democracy: (p. 185 & 281) American pp. 144-145 and Japan p. 227– 2010-13 eds.
A. Define: The people through elected representatives rule (vote for representatives to handle issues)
B. Example: Britain (Magna Carta starts the evolution of democracy)
C. When and where practiced Great Britain, Western Europe 20th & 21st century, USA &
Japan
4. Totalitarianism (p.250) - p. 200- 2010-13 eds. [p. 901]
A. Define: dictatorship where the leader has total control over the people and all aspects of
society
B. Example: Hitler (Nazi Germany) and Stalin (U.S.S.R)
C.
When and where practiced: 1st part of 20th century Europe
5. Militarism (p.239 & 262-263) - p.191 and p. 208-209 - 2010-13 eds. [p. 818]
A. Define: The glorification of a societies military
B. Example: Japan during and before WWII, Germany WWII
C. When and where practiced: Japan 1930’s-1940’s
6. Theocracy (p. 312 and notes on M. E.) - p. 253 - 2010-13 eds. [pp. 427, 1036]
A. Define: A government based on the sole teachings of religion
B. Example: Islamic Fundamentalism
C. When and where practiced: Iran 1979—Today; Vatican City, Roman Catholic Church
7. Fascism (p.260-262) - pp. 207-209 - 2010-13 eds. [p. 898-902]
A. Define: Totalitarian dictator style of government that is nationalistic, imperialistic, and militaristic
B. Example: Hitler (Germany) and Mussolini (Italy) during WWII
C. When and where practiced: 1923-1940’s
Name:
Period:
8. Apartheid (p.304-305) - pp. 246 - 247- 2010-13 eds. [pp.859, 1048]
A. Define: South African government called for separation of races (white and black)
B. Example: South Africa
C. When and where practiced: 1940’s-1991
i. Segregation laws repealed = Nelson Mandela elected as president
9. Communism/Marxist Socialism (p.213, 286) - p. 167, 198-201- 2010-13 eds. [p. 625]
A. Define: Form of government/economic system based on teachings of Marxism, where the government
controls all aspects of society
B. Example: U.S.S.R, Cuba, China, Vietnam, North Korea
C. When and where practiced: U.S.S.R 1921-1991, Cuba 1959-Present, China 1949-Present, North KoreaPresent
Regents Review: Theme#7 (Cultural and Intellectual Life)
Directions: For each of the following civilizations supply dates, and describes 3 achievements/contributions.
1. Ancient Athens: 400’s-500’s BC (p. 43-45) - pp. 13 - 15 – 2010-13 eds. [p. 121]
Direct Democracy- Age of Pericles
A. Art and Architecture : reflected “Ideal Beauty” in sculptures and buildings
B. Literature: Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey; Drama and Poetry had elegance, balance and
harmony
a. Science: Hippocrates and medicine
b. Math: Pythagoras and right triangle and geometry
C. Philosophy: Socrates- Questions, Plato-Political Science and we learn through reason,
Aristotle- Promoted Plato’s ideas and study all branches of knowledge
D. Olympics—Cultural event, nationalism, still used in modern times
*“The Greeks were the thinkers and the Romans were the doers”…
Name:
Period:
2. Roman Civilization Dates: _________ (p.46-47) - pp. 15-17 – 2010-13 eds. [p. 150]
A. Language: (Latin & Roman) and Law of the 12 Tables:
B. Art and Architecture: Greek style statues and grand buildings
C. Engineering: excellent, road systems, bridges for transportation and travel, and aqueducts
3. Gupta Golden Age Dates: 320-550 AD (p.68-71) - pp. 36-39- 2010-13 eds. [p. 86]
A. Mathematics: Concept of zero and the decimal system
B. Medicine: herbs and other remedies, plastic surgery, small pox vaccines (1,000 years before
Europe.
C. Architecture: stone temples for Hindu worship and dome shape shrines.
Other: Nepotistic: Hired friends and family for jobs, poor bureaucracy
* Additional: Military Technology
4. Islamic Golden Age Dates: 750-1350 AD (p.85-87) - pp. 51-53- 2010-13 eds. [p. 317-22]
A. Art: writing/patterns decorate buildings, paint people in non-religious art, preserved Greek
and Roman architecture, Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves
B. Medicine: required doctors to pass tests, setup hospitals (empirical evidence), studied disease
(cataract operations)
C. Learning: translate writings, observed earth turning, developed algebra-based on Greek and
Indian discoveries *Center for international trade* *Cultural hub*
5. African Civilization Dates: Mid 800’s to mid-1500’s (p.133-134) - pp. 92-96- 2010-13 eds. [p. 340]
A. Arts: ivory, bone statues, and jewelry
B. Literary: traditions, documented folk tales, and education were valued
C. Commerce: thrived through trade, led to cultural diffusion and diversity, Islam spreads along
trade routes
Name:
Period:
Ghana: gold and salt trade, women worked in business and government
Mali: controlled gold trade, center of learning, Mansa Musa
Songhai: controlled salt trade routes and ran an efficient bureaucracy, defeated by gun powder
6. Renaissance Europe Dates: 1300-1600 (p.123-126) - pp. 85-87- 2010-13 eds. [p. 408]
A. New Ways of Thinking: humanism, questioning authorities, based on education, experience,
and knowledge
B. Art: paintings, sculptures, and architecture (Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, Donatello)
C. Literary: Shakespeare, Machiavelli, Cervantes, and Erasmus
7. Mesoamerica Civilization
(p.143-149) - pp. 106-111 - 2010-13 eds. [p. 186]
A. Mayas (300-900 Guatemala): architecture, acupuncture, farming methods (slash and burn),
storing water, calendar with 365 days, concept of 0,
B. Aztecs (1200’s-1400’s-Mexico): science, accurate calendar, architecture (religious temples),
medicine, dental, very militaristic, polytheistic, human sacrifice to Gods, used fertilizers.
C. Incas (1400’s, Peru): engineering of roads and architecture, agriculture- terrace farming,
communication- record keeping, government centralized power
8. Enlightenment Europe Dates: 1600’s to 1700’s (p.180-183) - pp. 142-143- 2010-13 eds. [p.542]
A. The idea of natural rights: inspired revolutions, people questioned government authority
B. Inspired democracy: freedom of speech and press; nationalism
C. form of republic type of government
D. Philosophes: Voltaire- freedom of religion, freedom of speech, separation of church and state,
Locke—influenced Voltaire and Rousseau, natural rights and civil liberties, Rousseau—social
contract, Montesquie—separation of powers, checks and balances
Name:
Period:
9. Classical Chinese Civilization Dates: (p.39-41) - pp. 9-11 - 2010-13 eds. [p.66]
A. Zhou: (1046-256 BC first books, astronomers studied planet movement and eclipses, accurate
calendar, silk from cocoons of silkworms (Silk Road)
B. Qin: (220-206 BC) centralized government, standardized measurements, created national coins,
uniformity in writing, repaired canals and bridges, Great Wall
C. Han: (Golden Age): (206 BC- 220 AD) civil service exam: based on Confucius. The better you
did on the exam the better the job acquired. Technology: paper out of wood pulp, wheel barrow,
fishing reel, rudder. Science: acupuncture and anesthesia
Regents Review: Theme #8 (Nationalism as a Unifying Tie)
Define Nationalism: _______________________________________________________________________
NATION:
LEADER:
TIME:
England:
[p.516]
Elizabeth I
1558-1603
Napoleon
Bonaparte
1799-1815
France:
(p.186-191)
SPECIFICS:
1. 30 years of healing peace,
England was her love.
2. Defeated the Spanish
Armada.
3. Unified Protestants and
Catholics.
-
Military victories
-
Free education
-
Infrastructure
-
Code of Napoleon
pp. 148-1502010-13 eds.
-
Legion of Honor
[p.511]
-
Bank of France
Name:
Period:
Otto von
Bismarck
1862-1890
Germany:
(p.203-204)
-
Blood and Iron (Machiavelli)
-
Wars with Denmark, Austria, and France
-
Industrialized
-
Persecution of Catholics and Jews
pp. 159-1602010-13 eds.
(Kulturkampf—way to try and reduce the
influence of the Roman Catholic Church in
[p. 692]
Germany)
*Ho Chi Minh
(North)
19th Century until
-
1975
Vietnam:
(p.305-306)
p. 247-82010-13 eds.
-
First colonized
by
France/invaded
by
Japanese/Divide
d by the
French/South
assisted by USA
-
1954 Geneva conference led to the division
into communist north and non-communist
south
Viet Cong, a group of communist rebels
supported by Minh
War lasted from 1959-1975 when USA
withdrew forces
Country reunited under communist control
[p. 992]
Mohandas
Gandhi
India:
(p.205 &
257-258)
pp. 205-2062010-13 eds.
[p. 865]
1920-1947
- Used civil disobedience, passive resistance, and
non-violence
- Mass protests: salt march, cloth boycott, hunger
strike
- Won independence from Great Britain
- Indian National Congress
- Rights for untouchables
-Partitioned into India and Pakistan (After
Gandhi’s death major turmoil between the two
nations developed.)
Name:
Kenya:
(p.303
review book)
(p.926
textbook)
Period:
Jomo Kenyatta
1940’s-1960’s
-
p. 244 2010-13 eds.
Asked Great Britain to return central
Highlands
Wrote book on Kikuyu
Inspired Mau Mau Rebel
Imprisoned by Great Britain
Became Kenya’s first president
Nationalized foreign owned businesses
[p. 1028]
Regents Review: Theme #8 (Nationalism as a Dividing Wall)
REGION/
NATION:
Time:
1867-1914
Austro-Hungarian
Empire (Balkan
Powder Keg)
(p.240-241)
Until WWI
p. 192- 2010-13 eds.
From what nation did they
break away?
Or into?
It broke up into:
- Poland
- Austria
- Hungary
- Czechoslovkia
- Yugoslavia
SPECIFICS:
-
Carved up by the treaty
after WWI
-
14 points Wilson, Self
determination
[p.706-8]
1921-1991
It broke up into:
- Russia
-Belarus
-Moldova
-Ukriane
-Latvia
-Lithuania
-Estonia
1980’s and
It Broke up into:
- Serbia
-Bosnia
-Croatia
-Slovenia
-Herzegovina
-Kosovo
-Macedonia
-Montenegro
U.S.S.R.
(p.315-317)
p.257 - 2010-13 eds.
[p. 1003, 1045]
Balkans (Former
Yugoslavia):
(p.318 & 338)
p. 283- 2010-13 eds.
[p. 1046]
1990’s
- Glasnost (freedom- right to vote,
end corruption)
-Baltic Republics split
-Perestroika (economic
restructuring, some capitalist ideas)
-disarmament
-Result: Ethnic unrest
-CIS: Commonwealth of
Independent States
-Communist dictatorship under
Tito, 1980
-Muslims/Catholics/Orthodox
-Ethnic cleansing and genocide
Name:
Period:
1994
Rwanda:
(p.304)
Fighting between the Hutus
and Tutsis. Main ethnic
groups in Rwanda, which is
determined by appearance
-
Belgium carved up the tribes
in the 19th century and 20th
centuries favored the Tutsis
Hutus killed approx. 500,000
Tutsi in 100 days (genocide)
p. 246- 2010-13 eds.
[p. 1051]
Regents Review: Theme #9 (Imperialism)
Directions: Define the following terms. (pg. 220-226) - pp. 173-8 – 2010-13 eds. [pp. 750-761,767-771]
1. Imperialism: The domination of a stronger nation over a weaker nation for political, social, and
economic reasons (Old 1500-1800) (New 1800-1914).
2. List 4 causes of imperialism: (pg. 221 – 222) - p. 174 – 2010-13 eds. [p. 750]
A. nationalistic- promote superiority, wants to gain power and prestige
B. military- colonies were important bases for re-supply of ships
C. economic- raw materials for industrialization and desire for markets
D. missionary- spread western ideas, customs, and religions to LDC
3. The Sepoy Mutiny: (pg. 222) - p. 174 – 2010-13 eds. [p. 768]
A. Reaction to imperialism and British insensitivity the Hindus and Muslims revolted against
injustice against religion (India)
4. List 3 good and 3 bad effects of British rule in India: (pg. 226) - p. 175 – 2010-13 eds. [p. 769]
A. Good: new roads and railroads link parts of India
B. Good: telegraphs and postal systems unite people
C. Good: irrigation systems improved farming
i. LEGACY OF DEMOCRACY
D. Bad: Indian resources go to Britain
Name:
Period:
E. Bad: Indians are treated as inferiors
F. Bad: Britain tries to replace Indian culture with western ways
The Scramble for Africa (p. 222-224) - p. 175-176 – 2010-13 eds. [p. 756-761]
5. What was the scramble for Africa? A scramble among European nations to establish their
presence/colonies on the continent of Africa.
6. What was the significance of the Berlin Conference? In 1884, to avoid conflict among themselves,
European leaders met in Berlin, Germany to setup rules for colonizing Africa.
7. Who was Shaka of the Zulu and what did he do? He helped unite many tribes into the Zulu nation,
where he became a great leader. The Zulus were one of the most powerful tribes in Africa. He led
them to one victory against the British in 1879. But soon afterward, however, the superior
weaponry of the British crushed the Zulu resistance.
8. The Boer War: In the late 1800’s Britain decided to annex the Boer Republics, but they resisted.
After heavy losses from 1899 to 1902 the British finally won. (minor setback for the domination fo
the area)
Imperialism in China (p. 224-225) - p. 176-178 – 2010-13 eds. [pp. 773-777]
9. Opium War: Britain vs. China to prevent the sale of Opium in China. China tried to outlaw it.
Britain won war which resulted in the Treaty of Nanjing—Favorable balance of trade.
10. Treaty of Nanjing: In 1842, Britain forced China to agree to harsh terms of paying for Britain’s
war costs, open ports, and give up Hong Kong to Great Britain.
11. Spheres of Influence: Area in which an outside power claimed exclusive trade privileges.
12. Describe two (2) Chinese reactions to imperialism: Remember: NO FOREIGNERS!
A. The Taiping Rebellion: Chinese peasants rose up against the Qing dynasty. From 1850 to
1864, Chinese peasants, angry at that poverty and at the corrupt Qing officials, rose up in a
Name:
Period:
revolt. This resulted in millions of Chinese deaths and weakened China. (Internal Struggle
and conflict)
B. Boxer Rebellion: The boxers assaulted foreign communities in China. In 1900, a group
known to westerners as the boxers assaulted foreign communities across China. Armies
from Japan and the west however crushed the uprising and forced China to grant more
concessions.
13. Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-sen): Leader of the Chinese Revolution (1911-1912)
A. President of the Chinese Republic
14. What were the 3 goals of Sun Yixian?
A. to end foreign domination
B. to form a representative government
C. to create economic security for the Chinese people
What happened in 1911? What position did Sun assume? He led the movement to overthrow and
replace the Qing dynasty.
Explain 3 negative effects of imperialism on the Colonies: (pg. 226) - p. 178 – 2010-13 eds.
A. a large number of Asians/Africans fell under foreign rule
B. individuals/groups resisted European domination
C. traditional political units were disrupted or destroyed
15. Explain 3 positive effects of imperialism on the Colonies: (pg. 226) - p. 178 – 2010-13 eds.
A. Western culture influenced much of world education
B. improved medical care
C. economics became based on cash crops for export
16. Explain 3 effects of imperialism on Europe and the World: (pg. 226) - p. 178 – 2010-13 eds.
A. west gained new crops, foods, and other products
Name:
Period:
B. competition for new colonies led to conflict and wars with European Nationalists
C. industrialized nations controlled a new global economy
Regents Review: Theme # 10: (Diversity and Interdependence)
Byzantine Empire: (p. 282-288, 284, 311)
1. Where was the Byzantine Empire located? It covered an area from Rome through southeastern
Europe and Asia Minor, down to Egypt and across North Africa. Even a portion of southern Spain
was once part of the empire.
2. When did it begin?
330
When did it end? 1453
Define the following terms:
Justinian: (p. 283.285) - Byzantine emperor who reigned from 527-565
Autocrat: (p. 285) – A single ruler with complete authority (Absolute Monarch)
Justinian’s Code: (p. 283, 285) – Code of laws organized by the Byzantine emperor Justinian in the 500’s
Patriarch: (p. 286) – The highest church official in the Orthodox Christian church
Schism: (p. 270) – A permanent split (1054 Orthodox Christian and Roman Catholic)
List and describe four achievements of the Byzantine Empire: (p. 282-288)
a. Justinian’s Code of Laws: organized the ancient laws of Rome
b. Engineering and Architecture: made Constantinople a city built on infrastructure.
a. Aqueducts, roads, bridges, dome shaped buildings, the use of columns
c. Art: icons which are holy images and mosaics which are pictures
Name:
Period:
What was the religion of the Byzantine Empire: Eastern Orthodox Christianity
What were three differences between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholics?
d. Orthodox priests could marry, Catholics could not
i. Orthodox people could get a divorce, Catholics could not
e. Greek not Latin was the language for the Orthodox Christian Church
f.
The Orthodox Church recognized the Emperor as the highest authority, while the Catholics
recognized the Pope as the highest authority.
How was the Byzantine Empire able to preserve and spread Greek and Roman culture/knowledge?
1.
Justinian’s code preserved Roman law, and the accomplishments of Roman engineers were
preserved and extended in Byzantine architecture. Furthermore, Byzantine culture was strongly rooted in
Greece. The Byzantine Empire preserved Hellenistic (Greek) science, philosophy, art, and literature.
a. Hellenistic Culture =’s Alexander the Great
List four ways the Byzantine Empire impacted Russia and Eastern Europe:
1. Written language: the Cyrillic alphabet
2. Orthodox Christianity: Carried to Russia and countries in Europe by missionaries.
3. Autocratic Government: In Russia they were called Czars
4. Art and Architecture: Byzantine domes were transformed into the onion domes
Who conquered the Byzantine Empire? The Ottoman Empire in 1453
What religion were the conquerors? The Ottomans were Muslim (Islam)
Name:
Period:
Interdependence: (p. 1100-1102): whatever happens in one part of the world has an effect on other areas.
Definition: dependence of countries on each other for goods, resources, knowledge, and labor from other parts of
the world.
Examples:
1. Dependence on oil—prices affect economies all over the world (our
gas prices)
2. Global banking and financial markets: loans/debts, IMF (international
Monetary Fund)
3. Multinational corporations – businesses that operate in many
different countries-- IBM
Regional Corporation: Where many regions/nations have linked their economies to achieve prosperity and
improve regional self-reliance.
Examples:
1. ASEAN—Association of Southeast Asian Nations
2. NAFTA—North American Free Trade Agreement
3. EU—European Union (Euro)
Regents Review: Theme #11: Justice and Human Rights
Name
When
Where
What
Code of
1700 b.c.e
Babylon (Mesopotamia)
This was the first major
collection of laws in
history. Although these
laws favored higher
classes over lower ones,
they established
standards of justice for
all classes. *Division of
social classes*
Hammurabi
(p. 36-37)
Name:
English Bill of
Period:
1689
England
-A set of acts passed by
parliament to ensure its
Rights:
superiority over the
(p. 521, 524, 584)
monarchy and guarantee
certain rights to citizens
-Result: Limited
Monarchy; Inspired
American colonists to
fight
Twelve Tables:
450 B.C.E
Rome
The laws of the plebeians
that were inscribed on
(p. 152-153)
twelve tablets, and
displayed in the
marketplace.
**Codified by Justinian
and basis of Western
law…
Justinian’s Code:
529-534
Byzantine Empire
Code of laws that
included Roman laws,
(p. 281, 283, 285)
legal writings, and even a
student handbook. It
became the “body of civil
law/Western law”.
Magna Carta:
(p. 246-247, 250,
1071)
1215
England
A charter signed by the
English King John that
placed limits on the
king’s power.
Eventually leads to a
Parliament
Begins the evolution of
democracy in Great
Britain…
Name:
Period:
Violations of Human Rights
Name
When
Where
What
Armenian Massacre
1915-1918
Ottoman Empire
When Armenians protested
oppressive Ottoman policies, the
Turks unleashed a massacre on the
Armenians. First genocide of the
20th century.
1845-1849
Ireland
Holocaust: (p. 936-
During WWII—1941-
Europe
937, 952, 1033)
1945
A disease destroyed the Irish
potato crop which was the main
food crop. Because of this famine 1
million Irish died of starvation or
disease, and Millions of others
moved to the United States and
Canada.
Did British economic policies
cause?
An act of genocide by the Nazis
during World War II in which more
than 6 million Jews died and
approx. 6 million others….
Tiananmen Square:
May 1989
Beijing, China
1948-1961
South Africa
(genocide): (764,
781, 826-827)
The Irish Potato
Famine: (p. 730)
(p. 1076-1077)
Apartheid: (p. 859,
879, 1048-1050)
When demonstrators in Beijing
occupied Tiananmen Square,
demanding more rights and
freedoms and challenging
government censorship. The
government sent in troops and
tanks to make them disperse.
Thousands of Chinese were killed
or wounded.
Students protested for democratic
rights…
South African government policy
calling for separation of the races.
Economic Sanctions helped to end
apartheid in SA.
Key Leaders: Nelson Mandela, F.W.
de Klerk, and Archbishop Desmond
Tutu
Name:
Khmer Rouge (Pol
Period:
1975-1979
Cambodia
This is the Cambodian communist
guerrillas, who took control of the
government, under the leadership
of Pol Pot. They killed more than a
million Cambodians and
committed an act of genocide.
20th & 21st century
All over the world.
The deliberate use of
unpredictable violence, especially
against civilians, to gain revenge or
achieve political goals.
Terrorism affects the security and
stability of all nations. Defeating
terrorism will require a lengthy
effort and cooperation among
nations.
Pot): (p. 997)
International
Terrorism:
Northern Ireland,
Balkans, Ukraine,
Middle East, South &
South East Asia
Ukraine (Kulaks)
1932-1933
Ukraine (U.S.S.R)
Disruption caused by
collectivization and the resistance
of the kulaks worsened conditions
during the Great Famine of 19321933. 4 million died because of
grain acquisitions and being sent to
prison labor camps. -Stalin
Rwanda: (p.454)
1994 (100 days)
Rwanda (Africa)
Hutu extremists, supported by
government officials, launched a
murderous campaign against the
Tutsis. More than 500,000 people
were killed in just a few months.
Bosnia/Kosovo
1990-1998
Bosnia (Balkans)
Yugoslav president Slobodan
Milosevic, a Serb, used the
Yugoslav army to prevent nonSerbs from becoming independent.
He mounted a brutal campaign of
ethnic cleansing (genocide) against
Bosnian, Croats and Muslim
Kosovars.
(Genocide): p. 909
(Balkans) (p. 1044)
Name:
Period:
Regents Review: Theme #12: Movement of People and Goods
1. What regions were impacted by the spread of Islam? (p. 762-766)
Middle East, North Africa, Spain and Sicily, India, and Southeast Asia.
2. Why was the spreading of Islam successful? (p. 762-766)
Arabs were strong fighters. They were also successful because the Byzantine and Persian empires were weak
from fighting wars against each other. Muslims were united by their belief in Islam. Lastly Muslim rulers often
treat conquered people fairly.
3. What can cause immigration of peoples?
Social Mobility, Treatment of Conquered Peoples, Slavery, and Status of Women
4. Explain the silk road: (p. 104)
A. Cause: Looking for a route to link China to the Middle East the Silk Road was created. It stretched as far west as
Mesopotamia.
B. Effect: Trade flourished, products such as gunpowder and porcelain, as well as technology such as papermaking
and the use of windmills, flowed west.
5. Why were the Mongols successful in expanding their empire? (p. 291-292)
Because they were skillful riders and fierce fighters and raiders who had a very strong leader in Genghis Khan.
Where did they conquer? Most of Asia from Korea in the east to the Caspian Sea in the west. They also invaded
Eastern Europe.
Name:
Period:
What was the impact of the Mongol rule? The conquered were allowed to continue their own ways of life. Mongol
rule provided a period of stability and economic growth. They also increased trade and movement of goods, ideas,
and technology between East and West.
6. How have the Crusades impacted the movement of people and goods? (p. 255-260, 287, 296, 316)
The Crusades helped increase trade, encouraged learning, created changes in the church, changed the Feudal
System, and Cultural Diffusion.
7. Explain the movement of peoples and goods in Africa. (p. 340-341)
Africa’s geography encouraged the formation of separate kingdoms. Much of the movement was linked to trade.
Africa’s gold, salt, iron, copper, and other minerals were important goods in early trade networks.
Regents Review: Theme #13: Science and Technology
1. What was the impact of the printing press? (p. 418, 426, 441, 443, 465)
Books became more available, literacy increased, and it help spread ideas rapidly, (Protestant Reformation - J.
Gutenberg 1456)
2. What was the impact of the steam engine on the Industrial Revolution? (p. 662-665)
The steam engine became an important power source for machines. It led to factories and new models of
transportation.
Name:
Period:
3. How did the scientific discoveries of the late 1800’s and early 1900’s change the way people live? (p. 434-438)
People lived longer (Pop. Explosion), New Energy production, Communications, transportation and new
discoveries about the universe.
4. What impact did technology have on standard of living in the 1800’s and 1900’s? (p. 1126)
It helped create better wages and working conditions, better housing, and improved sanitation.
5. How did science and technology change life in the last half of the 20th century? (p. 1158-1161)
It brought increased food production, information, space travel, and improves in medicine.
6. How has society been impacted (both benefits and limits) by the computer revolution? (p. 1122)
It allows people to obtain process and distribute information quickly. Internet connects the world but widens
gap between the global North and global South.
Name:
Period:
Regents Review: Theme #14: Conflict
Religious Ethnic:
Why?
(Reasons for conflict)
Who? (Group)
Protestant North
Catholic South
(IRA-vs.-British)
Northern Ireland:
(p. 892, 1045, 1116)




India: (South Asia)
(p. check index)
Muslims, Hindus, and
Sikhs




Republic of Ireland created in 1922
Northern Ireland remained under British
control with Protestant-majority and Catholic
minority
IRA has desire to reunite Ireland
*can be used with international terrorist acts
(Human Rights theme)
Both Muslims and Sikhs believe they are
discriminated against by India’s Hindu
majority
Sikhs in the Punjab
Muslims in Kashmir
On Sri Lanks -Tamils (Hindus) are in minority
v. the Buddhist
Middle East (ArabIsraeli Conflict):
(p.959, 1034, 10541057)
Jews, Muslims and
Christians



R.A.I.L. This conflict is over land and religion.
Palestinian people want their own homeland
PLO/Arafat/PA
Crusades:
(p.249, 255-260, 287,
296, 316)
Seljuk Turks
(Muslims) and
Christians

People wanted to free the Holy Land (Palestine)
from Turks
Many people want to get rich and gain new land
Some people want to see new places
Effects: Military failure… leads to rise of kings,
Renaissance, Age of Exploration…
Martin Luther





Protestant
Reformation:
(p.423-427, 428-431,
440-441)

(1517: 95 Theses)
John Calvin
Catholic Church:
(Counter–Reformation)




Attacked the sale of indulgences
Only reach heaven through faith in God
Priest do not have special powers
People are born sinners
Preached predestination (predetermined who
would gain salvation)
Effects: END OF RELIGIOUS UNITY IN
EUROPE
Name:
Political:
Period:
People:
Causes:

French Revolution:
(p.547,571, 579,605,
572-573,589-590,
587, 588)
Louis XVI
Robespierre
Napoleon




Russian
Revolution:
(p.626, 715, 831832, 839-840, 842843)
Czar Nicholas
II
Lenin
Bolsheviks/
Communists


Chinese
Communist
Revolution: (China)
(p.985-987)
Mao
(Communist)
Jiang (Chiang
Ki Shek)
(Nationalist/
Guomindang)
1949







Iranian Revolution:
(p.644, 1036)
The Ayatollah
and
Shah Pahlavi



Absolute
Monarchy
Estate System
Enlightenment
Economic
injustices
Effects:




Promoted Democratic Ideas
Nationalism
Ended in Dictatorship
Rise of the Middle Class



Abdication and murder of Czar
First communist nation
Dictatorship: Stalin
People wanted
land
Peasants
followed
Communists
Corruption with
Nationalists
Foreign
influence-ended



Communist Nation
Dictatorship:Mao
People’s Republic of China (PRC)
Westernization
Modernization
Absolute
Monarch

Islamic Fundamentalist
government (strict interpretation
of the Koran)
Theocracy
No Westernization
Defeat in 1904
war
Poverty
Working
conditions
Corruption
Bloody Sunday
WWI


Name:
Period:
War:
WW I:
(p.816-820,
834-838, 878)
Cause:




Effect:
(MAIN)
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism

Militarism
Extreme
Nationalism
Imperialism
Appeasement

Vindictive Treaty of
Versailles against
Germany
League of Nations(failure)
Huge loss of life






Machine gun
Tanks
Submarines
Airplanes
Poison gas
Gas mask





Yalta Conference
Atomic bomb
Holocaust
Nuclear Age
Cold War




Sonar
Radar
Aircraft carriers
Atomic weapons

WWII:
(p.927, 930938, 944-947,
952-956, 958)


Iraq:
(p. 261, 862863, 10321033, 10581060)
 1980-88 - Seized
control of disputed
border with Iran
 Extreme hardship for
both nations
 1990 - Invaded
Kuwait and seized its
oil fields
 Trade embargo; 1991
Persian Gulf War; US
and allies won;
Kuwait liberated;
Hussein remained in
power
 2003- US and other
nations claimed Iraq
had weapons of mass
destruction (WMDs);
cited Hussein’s
human rights abuses
against Kurds
 US and other nations
invaded; quick defeat
of Iraqi military;
capture and execution
of Hussein; Iraqi
insurgency; conflicts
between Sunni and
Shia and al-Qaeda
operations
Dictator:
Saddam
Hussein


Technology:
 US Technique of “Shock and
Awe”
 Torture and Poison gas
 No evidence found of WMDs
 Terrorism: bombings both
civilian and military targets
Name:
Period:
Afghanistan:
(p. 968, 1002,
1008, 1018,
1119)
 1990s Taliban
imposed extreme
form of Islam
 Harbored Osama bin
Laden leader of the
terrorist group al
Qaeda, responsible
for 9/11/2001 attacks
on US
 2001 US attacked and
drove Taliban from
power
 US supports new
government although
charges of corruption
 Taliban resurgence
has led to violence in
Afghanistan and
Pakistan.
Cold War:
(pp. 972-973,
973-974, 976980)
Differences in political
and economic thinking
between the U.S.A. and
USSR (Superpowers)
Continued state of
tensions and hostility
between the US and
USSR
 War of Words
 Never direct
confrontation
 Threat of WWIII
 Terrorism: bombings both
civilian and military targets

Space Race

Arms Race: Ballistic
Weapons

Nuclear Weapons
COLD WAR: (972-973, 973-974, 976-980)
1. Cold War: a continual state of tension and hostility between the US and USSR.
2. US policy: Containment, Truman Doctrine (Economic and Military Aid Program), Marshall Plan
(Aid Package), Berlin Airlift and NATO
3. USSR policy: Berlin Blockade, Berlin Wall, Iron Curtain, Satellites, Warsaw Pact, Breschnev
Doctrine
4. Conflicts around the world: Korea 1950’s, Vietnam 1960’s & 70’s, Cuba 1959-1960’s, Congo/Angola
1970’s, and Nicaragua 1980’s
Name:
Period:
Regents Review: Theme #15: Modern Global Connections and Interactions
1. Explain what is meant by environmental cooperation and give an example.
a. Environmental cooperation is when nations work together to resolve environmental issues that our
global community faces. (global warming)
2. Describe the movement of global migration. (p. 1108-1109)
The gap between the rich and poor nations continues to grow. We have seen a movement (migration) of people
from poor regions to wealthier regions in search of economic opportunities and political freedom.
3. What impact international terrorism had on the world? (p. 1118)
International Terrorism has spreads fear throughout the world, and may lead to more violence and retaliation.
4. What is the role of the United Nations? (p. 1102-1103)
The United Nations was created in 1945, to promote global peace and security as well as economic and social
well-being. Economic development, human rights, international law, international security.
5. Where has the UN stepped in as a peacekeeper?
Iraq-1990, Haiti-early 1990’s, Bosnia-through the 1990’s, Kosovo-1998-today (UNMIK), Iraq- today, Rwanda
1994, Afghanistan today.
6. What has been the main difference between the UN and League of Nations? (check index)
The UN has US backing and support.
7. How do environmental issues—both problems and solutions—demonstrate the interdependence of the
modern world? (check index)
World Summits sponsored by the UN. 1997: Kyoto Treaty: meeting on global warming and Rio Pact: Earth
Summit on deforestation.