Download Scientific Revolution

 The Medieval view
 Most knowledge in the middle ages comes from the Bible,
Greek/Roman works
 A New way of thinking
 Renaissance prompts a new way of thinking
 Scientific Revolution – New way of viewing natural world –
based on observation, inquiry
 New discoveries, overseas exploration open up thinking – no
mention of the new world in the bible – new animals, plants,
etc = new truths to be discovered – start questioning old
interpretations
 Scholars make new developments in astronomy, mathematics
 The Heliocentric Theory
 Widely accepted geocentric
theory challenged as inaccurate
 Copernicus develops Heliocentric
theory – planets revolve around
sun - 1543
 Later scientists (Kepler and
Brahe) mathematically prove
Copernicus to be correct
 Galileo’s Discoveries
 Italian scientist Galileo Galilee
makes key advances in
astronomy, publishes Starry
Messanger
 Makes discovery about
planet surfaces, supports
heliocentric theory
 Moons of Jupiter
Church views astronomy as
interfering with gods
handiwork, thinks heavens are
made of “Pure” substance
 Conflict with the Church
 Church attacks Galileo’s work,
fears it will weaken people’s
faith
 Pope Robert Bellarmine forces
Galileo to declare his and
other new findings are wrong
 Conflict with the Church
 Church attacks Galileo’s work,
fears it will weaken people’s
faith
 Pope Robert Bellarmine forces
Galileo to declare his and
other new findings are wrong
 A logical approach
 A revolution in thinking leads to development of
scientific method
 Series of steps for forming, testing scientific
theories
 Problem/question arising from observation,
hypothesis, test/experiment, interpret
data/conclusion – conclusion confirms or
disproves hypothesis
 If this, then this – not if not this then this
 Bacon and Descartes
 Thinkers Bacon and Descartes help to create the
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scientific method
Bacon urges scientists to experiment before
drawing conclusions
Descartes advocates using logic, math to reason
out basic truths – Decide for oneself, not
tradition.
Skepticism – one can never know anything for
certain
I doubt, therefore I think, therefore I am
 English scientist Isaac Newton develops
theory of motion
 States same forces rule motion of planets,
matter in space, earth
 Motion in space, earth linked by the law
of universal gravitation
 Holds that every object in universe attracts
every other object
 Newton views universe as a vast, perfect
mechanical clock
 Medicine and the Human Body
 Andreas Vesalius improves
knowledge of anatomy – publishes
papers based on dissection of
humans instead of pigs
 Edward Jenner produces world’s
first vaccination – for smallpox
 Scientific Instruments
 Microscope invented by Janssen 1590, bacteria observed
through microscope in 1674 by Leeuwenhoek
 Barometer – Torricelli 1643
 Thermometer Fahrenheit- mercury thermometer in 1714
 New instruments lead to better observations, new
discoveries, challenge the status quo (Aristotle, bible)
 Discoveries in Chemistry –Boyle’s law reveals
interaction of volume, temperature, gas
 Founder of modern chemistry