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Scientists Science Instruments Medicine/ Chemistry Odd and Ends 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500 Polish astronomer who said earth and the other planets orbit the sun Nicolaus Copernicus German mathematician who proved Copernicus’s ideas and demonstrated elliptical planetary orbits Johannes Kepler Italian student who discovered the law of the pendulum Galileo Galilei English writer who believed knowledge could improve people’s lives Francis Bacon English scientist who described the law of universal gravitation and three laws of motion Isaac Newton The theory which puts the earth at the center of the solar system geocentric The theory that puts the sun at the center of the solar system heliocentric Rene Descartes developed this kind of geometry Analytical geometry In this approach to science, a hypothesis is tested in an experiment The scientific method These two ancient authors were accepted without question by most Europeans in the Middle Ages. Aristotle and Ptolemy By building this device, Galileo was able to ovserve moons orbiting Jupiter The telescope Anton van Leeuwenhoek used this instrument to see red blood cells The microscope He invented the mercury thermometer; his name has become a measurement of temperature Gabriel Fahrenheit His mercury barometer measured atmospheric pressure Evangelista Torricelli This Swedish astronomer created another scale for the mercury thermometer, still used in parts of the world Anders Celsius Vesalius is famous for his work in Human anatomy William Harvey described the pump-like work of this organ The heart Edward Jenner developed the first vaccine He disagreed with Aristotle’s belief that the world is made of four elements Robert Boyle This French chemist isolated and named this gas oxygen The Scientific Revolution began in this century The th 16 Century This planet is closest to the sun Mercury Famous for doubting anything until proved by reason, Descartes began with the knowledge of his own existence, expressed in this phrase “I think, therefore I am.” The first vaccine was to prevent this disease Smallpox The years of observations by this Danish astronomer provided Kepler with valuable data Tycho Brahe
