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The Epistle of Paul to the Philippians Introduction Introduction • • • • A Brief History of Philippi The Marks of a Roman Colony Authorship Recipients Philippi Philippi • • • Built and fortified in 358-357 B.C. by Philip II of Macedon, the father of Alexander the Great (356-323 B.C.) It was located about 10 miles inland from the port city of Neapolis (“New City”) Philippi became a part of the Roman empire after they defeated the Persians in 168 B.C. Philippi • Philippi was one of the stations along the Via Egnatia, the main land route connecting Rome with the East • Philippi was the site of the worldfamous battle between Brutus and Cassius, the assassins of Julius Caesar, and Antony and Octavian in 42 B.C. (see Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar, Act 5) Philippi • Cassius committed suicide on the hill of Philippi; Brutus ran onto his own sword and died after his defeat • To celebrate his victory, Octavian named Philippi Colonia Julia Philippensis • Octavian (Augustus) later defeated Antony at the battle of Actium in 31 B.C., after which he rebuilt Philippi and established it as a Roman colony and military outpost Philippi: A Roman Colony • It was Rome in miniature • Inhabitants predominately Roman • Its citizens enjoyed all the rights of Roman citizens (freedom from scourging, from arrest – except in extreme cases – and the right to appeal to the Emperor) • Language was Latin • Coins bore Latin inscriptions • Veterans received a grant of land Philippi: A Roman Colony • Colonies were part of the great system of fortifications which were primarily intended as military outposts to ensure the safety of the Empire • Two kinds of people: “Citizens” and “Strangers” • Their affairs were regulated by their own magistrates, called Praetors • Number of Jews was small Philippi: A Roman Colony • There was no synagogue in Philippi, but they probably had a Proseuchae, a temporary structure, by the bank of the Gaggitas River Paul’s First Visit • Acts 16:5-40, Paul’s Second Missionary Journey • When Paul made his first visit to Europe, he avoided the port city of Neapolis and begin preaching the gospel in Philippi