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Evolution Practice Quiz Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. ____ The diagram above shows the arm bones of monkeys, whales, pigs, and birds...The bones show the same basic type, arrangement, and number of bones. This picture demonstrates... a. divergent evolution c. adaptive radiation b. homologous structures d. all the answers 2. The flying squirrel of North America closely resembles the flying phalanger of Australia. They are similar in size and have long, bushy tails and skin folds that allow them to glide through the air. The squirrel is a placental mammal, while the phalanger is a marsupial. These close resemblances, even though genetically and geographically separated by great distances, can best be explained by _____. a. convergent evolution c. spontaneous generation b. divergent evolution d. vestigial structures ____ 3. ____ Upon close examination of the skeleton of an adult python, a pelvic girdle and leg bones can be observed. These features are an example of _____. a. artificial selection c. vestigial structures b. homologous structures d. comparative embryology 4. Which combination of characteristics in a population would provide the greatest potential for evolutionary change? a. small population, few mutations c. large population, few mutations b. small population, many mutations d. large population, many mutations 5. New alleles arise by ____ ____ ____ a. mutation. b. migration. c. genetic drift. d. random mating. e. independent assortment. 6. The theory of continental drift hypothesizes that Africa and South America slowly drifted apart after once being a single landmass. The monkeys on the two continents, although similar, show numerous genetic differences. Which factor is probably the most important in maintaining these differences? a. comparative anatomy c. geographic isolation b. comparative embryology d. fossil records 7. Examine the diagram above regading changes in peppered moth populations over many generations. What is the best scientific explanation for the changes observed in the generations of peppered moths? a. Natural selection favored the white form c. Natual selection favored the “fitter” moth moth in generations 2&3 form in each generation, such as the dark form in generation 2. b. Natural selection favored the dark form d. Natural selection did not favor either moth moths in earlier generations, and favored form over any of the generations the dark form in generaton 3. Figure 15-6 ____ 8. Which type of natural selection showed in Figure 15-6 favors average individuals? a. A c. C b. B d. D ____ 9. Which type of natural selection shown in Figure 15-6 would favor giraffes that need to reach the tallest branches to eat after many generations? a. A c. C b. B d. D ____ 10. Which of the following was NOT one of Darwin's observations? a. Most individuals have an equal chance to survive and reproduce. b. Changes in organisms were gradual and took place over long periods of time. c. Members of the same species may exhibit considerable variation. d. Some characteristics are heritable and passed on to offspring. e. Some characteristics afford their possessor a better chance of survival. ____ 11. In a certain bird species, clutch size (the number of eggs laid by a female in one breeding season) ranges from four to eight, and the most frequent clutch size is six. This phenomenon is an example of a. sexual selection. b. stabilizing selection. c. disruptive selection. d. directional selection. e. mutation. ____ 12. The bird at the bottom of the diagram above in the ancestral form of all the other birds pictured. The picture then demonstrates which important ideas of evolutionary theory? a. anlaogous structures and convergent c. Lamarkism and the threory of aquired evolution characteristics b. birds can change their beak form in their d. homologous structures and divergent own lifetime in order to eat different food evolution sources ____ 13. Which statement below regarding the evolutionary tree for mammals pictured above is true? a. kangaroos, whales, rats, and people share c. kangaroos are more highly adpated than a common ancestory in the distant past people or whales b. Humans evolved directly from rats very recently in term of geologic time d. humans and rats are not more closely related than humans and kangaroos ____ 14. The diagram above illustrates the origins of many of the large, flightless birds of the world. Which type of evidence for evolution does the diagram best demonstrate? a. comaprative fossils c. comparative embryology b. comparative biogeography and d. comparative biochemistry (DNA) and reproductive isolation amino acids sequences ____ 15. The picture above shows the evolution of moths over time, and the formation of new moth species. Which two important evolutionary patterns are illustrated in the picture above? a. genetic equlibrium and natural selection c. analogous and homologous structures b. Lamarck vs Darwin d. gradualism and punctuated equililibrium ____ 16. Look at the diagram above, representing the percentage of phenotypes is a mouse population. According to the diagram, what would the allele frequencies be assuming (B=black fur and b=brown fur and the population consists of 100 mice)? a. .50 B & .50 b c. .33 B, .33b, .33 Bb b. .80 b & .20 B d. .40 B & .60 b ____ 17. Refering to the diagram above again, if 36% of the poplation was brown mice in 2009, and scientists found that 67% of the population was homozygous brown a year later, what does that suggest about the fitness of the brown allele? a. The black allele is the fittest because it is c. The black and brown alleles are equal in the dominant allele terms of fitness and they are in genetic equilibrium b. The brown allele was favored by natural d. The black allele increased in frequency selection and its frequency increased because Bb and BB are both black mice ____ 18. Which of the terms below represent way that living organisms evolve on the planet Earth? a. Natural selection d. Genetic Drift b. Artificial Selection e. all the answers are correct c. Mutations ____ 19. When checking shell color for a species of snail found only in a remote area seldom visited by humans, scientists discovered the distribution of individuals that is shown in the graph in Figure 15-1. Based on the information shown in the graph, the snail population is undergoing _____. Figure 15-1 a. stabilizing selection b. disruptive selection c. artificial selection d. directional selection ____ 20. Examin the diagram above. Using the diagram and your knowledge of geolgic time, which is the correct logical sequence for the development of life over geologic time a. origin of the earth, animals, plants, c. humans, rise in atmospheric oxygen, eukaryotes, bacteria dinosaurs b. formation of the moon, oceans form, d. cells with a nuceus, bacteria, humans, bacteria, cells with a nucleus, animals dinosaurs, oceans form ____ 21. The picture above shows the range of two species of owl whose range is separated by a large mountian range (Sierra Nevada) The formation of these speices from a common ancestor represents an what type of isolation? a. temporal c. behavioral b. geographic d. extinction ____ 22. Fossil evidence is one important line of evidence in supporting the theory of evolution. Yet, the fossil record will never be “100% comlete”. Why is this? a. Not all organisms fossilize well (they are d. Fossils are only found in sedimentary small or have soft body parts) rocks b. Fossils are destroyed by geologic activity, e. all the answers are true weathering, and erosion c. Some fossils are in locations that are difficult to access (deep in the Earth, underwater, under populated areas, etc.) ____ 23. The picture above represents the change in an invertebrate (no backbone) species over time. What is the logical conclusion regarding the age and complexity of the fossils? a. The oldest fossils and most complex c. Fossils in general get more complex as fossils are located in the uppermost layers sedimentary rock samples get older. of sedimentary rock b. Fossils in all the sedimentary rock layers d. The younger fossils are in the upper layer are likely the same relative age, and same of sedimentary rock and they are more absolute age from radiometric dating complex. ____ 24. What kind of evolutionary evidence does the diagram above picture? a. Comparative biochemistry d. Comparatove fossils b. Comparative biogeography e. Comparative plate tectonics c. Comparative embryology ____ 25. Which statement below best sumarizes the 3 major facts and the conclusion that form the basis of Darwin’s ideas of natural selection. a. Organisms that are the biggest, fastest and c. Organisms can overpopulate, traits are strogest always survive best, regardlss of inheritable, some traits are better for environmental conditions. survival and reproduction, so the fittest organisms outcompete less fit ones. b. Species that are more recent, have more d. Organisms that are specialized, reproduce DNA, and do not mutate will outcompete other species. fast, and have traits similar to humans are evolutionarily the best. Evolution Practice Quiz Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: D PTS: 1 2. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B NAT: C6 | F4 | G1 3. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: B NAT: C3 | G1 | G3 STA: 7 4. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B NAT: C6 | F4 | G1 5. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: INDIVIDUALS DON'T EVOLVE, POPULATIONS DO 6. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: B NAT: C6 | F4 | G1 7. ANS: C PTS: 1 8. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: A NAT: C2 | C4 | G1 STA: 7a | 7b | 7c | 7d | 8a 9. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: A NAT: C2 | C4 | G1 STA: 7a | 7b | 7c | 7d | 8a 10. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult TOP: EARLY BELIEFS, CONFOUNDING DISCOVERIES 11. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: NATURAL SELECTION REVISITED 12. ANS: D PTS: 1 13. ANS: A PTS: 1 14. ANS: B PTS: 1 15. ANS: D PTS: 1 16. ANS: D PTS: 1 17. ANS: B PTS: 1 18. ANS: E PTS: 1 19. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: B NAT: C2 | C4 | G1 STA: 7a | 7b | 7c | 7d | 8a 20. ANS: B PTS: 1 21. ANS: B PTS: 1 22. ANS: E PTS: 1 23. ANS: D PTS: 1 24. ANS: C PTS: 1 25. ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: 15-6 OBJ: 15-3 OBJ: 15-5 OBJ: 15-5 OBJ: 15-4 OBJ: 15-4 OBJ: 15-4