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Fusion: Integrated Reading and
Writing, Book 1
Ch. 17 –
Sentence Basics
Fusion, Integrated Reading and Writing, Book 1
Kemper/Meyer/Van Rys/Sebranek
Activity
• Identify the subjects in the following
sentences.
1. Nomi walked to Addison Hall to purchase her
textbooks.
2. Why do office workers get drowsy during long
meetings?
3. Whoever has had a cat for more than a few months
probably knows how to properly administer his or her
cat’s medication.
Fusion, Integrated Reading and Writing, Book 1
Kemper/Meyer/Van Rys/Sebranek
Activity
• Identify the subjects in the following
sentences.
1. Nomi walked to Addison Hall to purchase her
textbooks.
2. Why do office workers get drowsy during long
meetings?
3. Whoever has had a cat for more than a few months
probably knows how to properly administer his or her
cat’s medication.
Fusion, Integrated Reading and Writing, Book 1
Kemper/Meyer/Van Rys/Sebranek
Learning Outcomes
for the Chapter
1. Understand subjects and predicates.
2. Work with special subjects.
3. Work with special predicates.
4. Understand adjectives.
5. Understand adverbs.
6. Use prepositional phrases.
7. Use clauses.
8. Apply sentence basics in a real-world context.
Fusion, Integrated Reading and Writing, Book 1
Kemper/Meyer/Van Rys/Sebranek
Subjects and Verbs
(Predicates)
• Subject – tells what the subject of the
sentence is about
• Simple subject – the subject without any modifiers
• The black and white spotted Bulldog ran to the park.
• Complete subject – subject with modifiers
• The black and white spotted Bulldog ran to the park.
• Implied subject – when the subject “you” is implied
• (You) Stop chasing the Bulldog.
Fusion, Integrated Reading and Writing, Book 1
Kemper/Meyer/Van Rys/Sebranek
Subjects and Verbs
(Predicates)
• Verb (predicate) – tells what the subject does
or is in the sentence
• Simple predicate – the verb and any helping verbs without
any modifiers or objects
• The black and white spotted Bulldog ran to the park.
• Complete predicate – the predicate with modifiers and
objects
• The black and white spotted Bulldog ran to the park.
Fusion, Integrated Reading and Writing, Book 1
Kemper/Meyer/Van Rys/Sebranek
Subjects and Verbs
(Predicates)
• Inverted order – in questions and sentences
that begin with here or there, the subject
comes after the predicate
• Why are you chasing the Bulldog?
• Here comes the Bulldog with a stick in her
mouth.
Fusion, Integrated Reading and Writing, Book 1
Kemper/Meyer/Van Rys/Sebranek
Special Types of Subjects
• Compound subjects – two or more subjects
connected by and or or
• The green race car and red race car sped by in a
matter of seconds.
• “To” words (infinitives) as subjects – an infinitive can
function as a subject. An infinitive is a verbal form
that begins with to and may be followed by objects or
modifiers.
• To score an A on my math exam would make my
mother very happy.
Fusion, Integrated Reading and Writing, Book 1
Kemper/Meyer/Van Rys/Sebranek
Special Types of Subjects
• “Ing” words (Gerunds) as subjects – a gerund can
function as a subject. A gerund is a verb form that ends
in ing and may be followed by objects or modifiers.
• Turning left on Main Street is the only way to get to the city
library.
• Noun clause as subject – a noun clause can function as a
subject. The clause itself has a subject and verb but
cannot stand alone as a sentence. Noun clauses are
introduced by words like what, that, when why, how,
whatever, or whichever.
• Whoever needs a ride home from the mall should wait outside of
the food court.
Fusion, Integrated Reading and Writing, Book 1
Kemper/Meyer/Van Rys/Sebranek
Special Verbs (Predicates)
• Compound predicates – consists of two or more
predicates joined by and or or
• Julio ran and biked for 45 minutes after school.
• Predicates with direct objects – A direct object
follows a transitive verb and tells what or who
receives the action of the verb
• Deseree wrote in her journal.
Fusion, Integrated Reading and Writing, Book 1
Kemper/Meyer/Van Rys/Sebranek
Special Verbs (Predicates)
• Predicates with indirect objects – an indirect object
comes between a transitive verb and a direct object
and tells whom or for whom an action was done
• I told Mike a secret.
• Passive predicates – when a predicate is passive, the
subject of the sentence is being acted upon rather
than acting. Often, the actor is the object of the
preposition in a phrase that starts with by. To make
the sentence active, rewrite it, turning the object of
the preposition into the subject.
• Mr. Jones was given the book by Simone. (passive)
• Simone gave the book to Mr. Jones. (active)
Fusion, Integrated Reading and Writing, Book 1
Kemper/Meyer/Van Rys/Sebranek
Adjectives
• Adjectives – words that modify nouns. Adjectives
answer questions, such as: which, what kind of, how
many, or how much
• Reflective mirror
• Cold mirror
• Cracked mirror
• Adjective phrases and clauses - phrases and
clauses can also act as adjectives to modify nouns
• The mirror was a gift from a friend.
Fusion, Integrated Reading and Writing, Book 1
Kemper/Meyer/Van Rys/Sebranek
Adverbs
• Adverbs – words that modify a verb. Adverbs often
answer these basic questions: how, when, where,
why, low long, and how often.
• The college students cheered excitedly when they
received their midterm grades back.
• Adverb phrases and clauses – phrases and clauses
can also act as adverbs to modify verbs.
• The college students cheered for five minutes when they
received their midterm grades back.
Fusion, Integrated Reading and Writing, Book 1
Kemper/Meyer/Van Rys/Sebranek
Prepositional Phrases
• Prepositional phrases – preposition followed by an
object (a noun or pronoun) and any modifiers.
• Against all odds, the university’s football team won the
state championship.
• Common prepositions:
Aboard
Across
Above
Against
At
Because of
Behind
Beneath
Considering
Despite
From
In
Into
Of
Opposite
Onto
Outside
Past
with
without
Fusion, Integrated Reading and Writing, Book 1
Kemper/Meyer/Van Rys/Sebranek
Clauses
Fusion, Integrated Reading and Writing, Book 1
Kemper/Meyer/Van Rys/Sebranek
Activity
The following sentences are dependent clauses. Turn
these sentences into independent clauses by
completing the sentences and expressing a complete
thought.
1. In order to survive the drought, ____________________
_________________________________________________.
2. Matt began college so that ________________________
_________________________________________________.
3. When the drugstore shuts-down due to a power
outage, __________________________________________
_________________________________________________.
Fusion, Integrated Reading and Writing, Book 1
Kemper/Meyer/Van Rys/Sebranek
Activity
The following sentences are dependent clauses. Turn
these sentences into independent clauses by
completing the sentences and expressing a complete
thought.
1. In order to survive the drought, Lee began conserving
the water supply on the farm.
2. Matt began college so that he could keep up with his
older twin sister.
3. When the drugstore shuts-down due to a power
outage, people looked for supplies at the grocery stores.
Fusion, Integrated Reading and Writing, Book 1
Kemper/Meyer/Van Rys/Sebranek
Fusion, Integrated Reading and Writing, Book 1
Kemper/Meyer/Van Rys/Sebranek