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Where did the first homo-sapiens
emerge?
What advancements were made by
Paleolithic peoples?
The beginning of agriculture
Africa
first tools, use of fire, oral
language, cave art
Neolithic Age
What advancements were made during
the Neolithic Age
agriculture, domestication of
animals, used advanced tools,
pottery and weaving skills
How do archaeologists date remains
Carbon Dating
Where was Egyptian civilization located
Nile River in Egypt
What is Mesopotamia
land between two rivers (Tigris
and Euphrates)
On what river was India's ancient
civilization?
On what river did Shang civilization
emerge?
Indus
Huang He
Fertile Crescent
crescent-shaped area of fertile
land extending from the
Persian Gulf and Mesopotamia
to the Mediterranean Sea
What two products were traded by
Phoenicia?
purple dye and cedar wood
What was the first monotheistic religion
Hebrew/Jewish
Who is often considered to have written
the first code of laws?
Hammurabi
Sumerian writing system--the world's first cuneiform
burial chambers for Egypt's pharaohs
Book containing the written records and
beliefs of Hebrews
Religious and moral code of conduct for
Hebrews
two prophets of Judaism
Pyramids
Torah
Ten Commandments
Abraham and Moses
Who developed the first alphabet
ancient Egyptian writing
Phoenicians
Hieroglyphics
Empire that controlled the Iranian Plateau
Persia
and was tolerant over conquered peoples
Developed the caste system
Golden Age of Ancient India when new
textiles were made, literature and
mathematics were advanced
Rigidly structured organization of society
based on occupation
Religion which included caste system
Brahma
Holy books of Hinduism
belief that future incarnation is based on
present behavior
Who were the invaders of the Indian
subcontinent?
religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama
Aryans
Gupta
caste system
Hindu
Hindu god/creator who takes
on many forms
Vedas and Upanishads
karma (Hindu)
Aryans
Buddhism
his missionaries and their writings spread
Buddhism from India to China and other Asoka
parts of Asia
Eightfold Path and Four Noble Truths
Buddhist religious
doctrine/beliefs, explain
suffering and correct behavior
connected East Asia and southwest Asia
facilitating trade between China and
Silk Road
Rome/Byzantine
porcelain, silk, civil service,
Contributions made by classical China
paper, gunpowder
often credited with construction of the
Shi Huangdi
Great Wall of China
connected East Asia and southwest Asia
facilitating trade between China and
Silk Road
Rome/Byzantine
Chinese built this as a defensive barrier
Great Wall of China
against invasion
Chinese belief that their rulers were divine
and would only rule as long as they were Mandate of Heaven
just
Beliefs include: belief that humans are
good, respect, politeness, government is
good, education, ancestor worship
founder of Taoism
Teaches harmony with nature, humility,
simple life
religion that spread from China
throughout Asia
Confucianism
Lao Tzu
Taoism
Buddhism
Describe Greece's geography?
Peninsula with limited fertile
land making trade necessary
that controlled the Aegean
Sea. Mild climate promoted life
outdoors. Need to colonize
abroad for land and because
of overpopulation
Zeus
king of Greek Olympic gods
Hera
Queen/mother of Greek gods
Aphrodite
Type of government Athens had during its
golden age
tyrant reformer of Athens whose laws
were too harsh
tyrant-reformer who made Athens more
democratic
Who could not participate in Athens'
democracy?
Greek goddess of love
direct democracy
Draco
Solon
women, slaves, foreigners
militaristic city-state with an oligarchy;
rivaled Athens
Wars between Greece and Persia
Two victories for Greece over Persia in
the Persian Wars
Why was the Persian Wars important to
the development of Greek culture?
leader of the Athenian Golden Age
wars between Athens and its Delian
League and Sparta and its allies
Results of the Peloponnesian War
Greek marketplace and meeting place
great temple built during the reign of
Pericles with oversight by Phidias
Greek fortified hill
first playwright
writer of the Iliad and Odyssey
Sparta
Persian Wars
Marathon and Salamis
led to the creation of the
Delian League; temporary
unification of Greek city-states;
led to Athenian Golden Age
Pericles
Peloponnesian War
ended Athenian Golden Age;
ripe for attack by Philip II
agora
Parthenon
Acropolis
Aeschylus
Homer
great Greek sculptor of Athena and Zeus Phidias
Father of History; wrote Persian Wars
wrote of the Peloponnesian Wars
developed the water screw, pi, and
improved use of lever
father of scientific medicine
father of geometry
great philosopher who was sentenced to
death; taught knowledge is the greatest
virtue
Herodotus
Thucydides
wrote the Republic; student of Socrates
Plato
teacher of Alexander the Great
Aristotle
Archimedes
Hippocrates
Euclid
Socrates
student of Plato; scientifically classified
plants and animals; logic
responsible for spreading Hellenistic
culture
Greek-like culture that blended with
eastern cultures
Describe Rome's geography
Modern day France
Germanic tribe that settled in England
Aristotle
Alexander the Great
Hellenistic
centrally located in
Mediterranean Basin, Alps
provided some protection,
fertile soil
Gaul
Angles
Saxons
Our planets are named after
Roman gods and goddesses
Jupiter
Venus
patricians
king of Roman gods
Goddess of love (Rome)
powerful nobility of Rome
majority of Romans;
commoners
12 Tables
Innocent until proven guilty
Punic Wars
plebeians
Laws of Rome
Rome's laws guaranteed
Wars between Rome and Carthage
Carthaginian general who invaded Rome
Hannibal
during the Second Punic War
How did Rome gain control of the western Victory against Carthage in
Med. and trade through the region
Punic Wars
Causes for the decline of the Roman
Republic
spread of slavery, migration of
small farmers to the cities, civil
war and the death of Julius
Caesar, and inflation
Why was Julius Caesar assassinated
Some senators felt he was
becoming too powerful
who defeated Mark Antony to become
Rome's first emperor
Augustus
who was the emperor who began the Pax
Romana
200 year period of peace and prosperity
for the Roman Empire
As Rome's empire grew, what happened
to the power of the senate
As Rome's empire grew, what happened
to the power of the senate
Augustus
Pax Romana
went down
went down
uniform system of currency,
safe travel and trade,
What was the impact of the Pax Romana
expansion of the Roman
Empire, social stability
Who was the apostle who spread
Christianity to the people of the Roman
Paul
Empire
Which Roman emperor legalized and
Constantine
adopted Christianity
Edict of Milan
legalized Christianity in the
Roman Empire (Constantine)
book that tells of the life and teachings of
New Testament
Jesus
3 monotheistic religions
Judaism, Christianity, Islam
monotheistic
belief in one god
As Rome's empire fell, what happened to
it increased
the power of the Catholic Church
Roman architectural contributions
language of Rome
the Romance languages (Spanish,
Portuguese, Italian, French, etc.) are
based on
writer of the Aenied
belief in many gods
dome, road, Pantheon,
Colosseum, aqueduct, Roman
arch
Latin
Latin
Virgil
polytheistic
people from northern Europe who invaded
Vikings
northern Europe from sea
cost of defense, inflation,
moral decay, political
Why did the Western Roman Empire
problems, civil wars, unclear
decline?
line of succession, invasions
by barbarians
legalized Christianity and
move capital to
Two reforms by Constantine
Constantinople, previously
Byzantium
emperor who divided the Roman empire
Diocletian
into East and West
Capital of the Byzantine Empire
Constantinople
easily protected, away from
Geographical advantages to
Germanic invasions,
Constantinople
crossroads of trade, close to
Silk Road, great harbor
Great Byzantine emperor
Justinian
reconquered former Roman
territories, code of laws
3 accomplishments made by Justinian
(Justinian's Code), and
expanded trade
religious images (used by Byzantine
icon
empire)
language spoken by most people of the
Greek
Byzantine Empire
great Byzantine domed Church
Hagia Sophia
Schism
religious division or split
What factors caused the schism between language (Latin vs. Greek),
the Roman Catholic Church and the
celibacy (yes vs. no), icon
Byzantine Church (Orthodox)
controversy, pope vs. patriarch
Missionary who spread Christianity to
eastern Europe and developed an
alphabet
Cyril
Where did Islam begin?
Who is the prophet of Islam
Who is the god of Islam
What is the Islamic holy book
What are the duties of Muslims
What caused the Sunni-Shi'a schism?
the west African kingdoms of Songhai,
Ghana, and Mali traded
language of Muslims
Arabian Peninsula, Mecca,
Medina
Muhammad
Allah
Quran
Five Pillars
debate over who was the
successor to Muhammad
gold and salt
Arabic
Muslims were defeated here preventing
the spread of Islam into Europe
Battle of Tours
Muslim contributions
mosaics, Arabic, number
system including zero,
algebra, medicine, geography
land given to a vassal in exchange for
loyalty
political and military system in which
nobles entered arrangements with other
lords in exchange for protection
peasant during feudal times that was
bound to the land
fief
feudalism
serf
in exchange for a fief these people offer
protection to their lord and to serve him
vassal
great Frankish king who was crowned
Holy Roman Emperor
Charlemagne
great Frankish king who revived Roman
culture, stressed education, expanded his Charlemagne
empire through most of western Europe
state religion of ancient Japan, kami
Shinto
city in west Africa that served as the
foundation for trans-Saharan trade of gold
and salt
African civilization located on the Limpopo
and Zambezi Rivers
Zoroaster
religion of west African kingdoms
civilization located in the Mexican and
Central American rainforest
civilization located in central Mexico
capital of Aztec
achievements made by the Maya, Aztec,
What were the Crusades?
Who was Pope Urban II?
Timbuktu
Zimbabwe
Persian religious prophet
Islam
Maya
Aztec
Tenochtitlan
calendar, mathematics,
pyramids
Christian attempt to reconquer
holy lands (Jerusalem) from
Muslims
Pope who made the call for
the first Crusade
Who was Saladin?
Muslim Turk who reconquered
Holy Lands leading to the 3rd
and 4th Crusade
What were the results of the Crusades?
Weakened the pope and
nobles
Strengthened monarchs
Stimulated trade
Increased desire for luxury
items from Asia and Middle
East
Bitterness between Jews and
Muslims
What is the other name for the bubonic
plague?
What is usury?
What were the effects of the Black
Death?
Black Plague
high rate of interest
decline in population, created
labor shortage, peasants
gained rights
Where did the Renaissance begin?
Florence, Italy (also Venice
and Genoa)
Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?
trade brought wealth
Who was King John?
Who was William the Conqueror?
What event marked the beginning of
England as a nation?
What is common law?
Which monarch began common law?
What was the Magna Carta?
English monarch who signed
the Magna Carta
Norman king who conquered
England (Battle of Hastings);
united England
Norman Conquest by William
the Conqueror
judges that based their
decisions on earlier, accepted
rulings
Henry II
document signed by King John
that limited the power of the
British king
What event helped unify and define both
England and France as nations?
Hundred Years' War
Who was Joan of Arc?
French heroine of the Hundred
Years' War who unified the
French people and led them to
victory
Which Spanish monarchs expelled the
Muslim Moors and helped unify their
Ferdinand and Isabella
nation?
Which Spanish monarch created a great
Philip II
overseas empire?
Who was the great Russian monarch who
overthrew the Mongols, centralized the
Ivan the Great
power of the Russian king and unified his
nation?
Russian monarch ("first" was
czar
Ivan the Great)
What was the name of the Christian
Axum
African kingdom?
What were the geographical advantages
of Zimbabwe's location?
Zambezi River, Limpopo
Rivers, and near the Indian
Ocean
Which civilization began in Mongolia and
expanded into China, Southwest Asia,
Mongols
and Russia by conquering cities and rural
areas?
belief in the individual worth of
What is humanism?
each person
rebirth of Roman and Greek
What was the Renaissance?
(classical) civilizations;
emphasized humanism
What was the name of the great patron
Medici
family of Florence?
Who painted the Mona Lisa and the Last
Leonardo daVinci
Supper?
What was Michelangelo responsible for
Sistine Chapel Ceiling and
painting? sculpting?
David
Who is the father of humanism?
Erasmus
Who wrote Utopia?
Sir Thomas More
Who wrote The Prince?
Machiavelli
Absolute power of the ruler;
the end justifies the means;
What ideas were put forward by The
one should do good if
Prince?
possible, but can do evil when
necessary