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The Renaissance is a fascinating period to study where there was a renewal of society’s interest in learning, art, literature, and technology. The area of art is particularly intriguing because in Renaissance Italy, artists grew to the status of celebrities for the first time in history. Artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael made lasting contributions to society through their paintings, sketches, and sculptures. The purpose of this lesson is to create an understanding of the differences between Medieval and Renaissance art in both technique and content as well as foster an appreciation of the classic pieces created by da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael. Key Concepts/Definitions: Renaissance: era of renewed interest and remarkable developments in art, literature, science, and learning. French for “rebirth.” Patron: buyers of art—could be wealthy individuals, city governments, or the church Madonna: Mary, mother of Jesus Background Paragraph Prior to the Renaissance unit, you studied the Middle Ages where society focused on church and religion as a result of the Black Plague. At the introduction of the Renaissance, you learned that as society was emerging from the Middle Ages, there was a “re-birth” in the areas of finance, art, science, and politics. You also learned the causes of the Renaissance included: increased trade with Asia and other regions as a result of the crusades; growth of large, wealthy city-states in Italy; renewed interest in the classical learning of ancient Greece and Rome; rise of rich and powerful merchants, who became patrons of the arts; increased desire for scientific and technical knowledge; and a desire to beautify cities. You will see in this lesson the sharp contrast between medieval art and Renaissance art and the lasting impression it has left on Western society. ********** ƒ Renaissance Art ƒ New Techniques: Fresco-Painting done on fresh, wet plaster with water based-paints, three dimensional Perspective-Organization of outdoor space and light through geometry. Human Anatomy and movement-Realistic portrayal of the individual person, especially human nude. Sfumato-comes from the Italian word “fumo” for smoke; refers to the blending of colors or tones so subtly that there is no perceptible transition. ƒ Leonardo da Vinci “Renaissance Man”: painter, writer, inventor, architect, engineer, mathematician, musician, and philosopher Original “Last Supper” deteriorated quickly because of use of tempera instead of fresco Use of sfumato on the “Mona Lisa”: no hard lines or contours, only seamless transitions between light and dark ƒ Michelangelo Accomplished sculptor Pieta: sculpture of Mary holding Jesus after his death 13 Foot marble statue of David Accomplished Painter Sistine Chapel in Rome Story of Genesis and other Old Testament stories Showed personalized characterizations of Biblical Characters Fresco Painting: wet plaster Painted in 3 stages Nearly 4 years to complete ƒ Raphael Noted painter and architect Most famous work: School of Athens Fresco, painting done on fresh wet plaster Plato and Aristotle surrounded by past and then present philosophers admired by the humansists Well known for paintings of the Madonna Mimicked Da Vinci’s Mona Lisa with Maddalena Doni Medieval Art Idealized and symbolic Representation of religious themes Focus on the Church and Salvation Art created by anonymous artists who worked for the Church Images of art were depicted as unrealistic and unnatural For the purpose of glorifying God Renaissance Art Reflected humanist spirit Depicted things in observed in nature. Focus on individuals, worldly matters, as well as Christianity Artists worked for whoever offered highest price. Painted the natural world in the most realistic way possible using perspective. Included Greek and Roman myths along with religious figures. Focus on those looking at the art