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qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) Describe societies in the Northeast and Atlantic Seaboard. These societies were a mix of hunting, agriculture, and gathering. lots of fishing They developed permanent villages. https://quizlet.com/90392714/apush-the-atlantic-world-flash-cards/ (Related) Native Societies in the Northeast and Atlantic Seaboard In the Northeast and along the Atlantic Seaboard some societies developed a mixed agricultural and hunter-gatherer economy that favored the development of permanent villages. https://quizlet.com/90392714/apush-the-atlantic-world-flash-cards/ (Related) NE/Atlantic Seaboard In the Northeast and along the Atlantic Seaboard some societies developed a mixed agricultural and hunter-gatherer economy that favored the development of permanent villages. https://quizlet.com/90392714/apush-the-atlantic-world-flash-cards/ New World The newly found colonies in the Americas https://quizlet.com/12770634/apush-new-world-beginnings-flash-cards/ (Related) Europeans were fascinated by what New World Products? sugar, silk, perfumes https://quizlet.com/12770634/apush-new-world-beginnings-flash-cards/ (Related) English spy for the Spanish territory in New World John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) https://quizlet.com/12770634/apush-new-world-beginnings-flash-cards/ (Related) French spies for New World territories Giovanni de Verrazano and Jacques Cartier https://quizlet.com/12770634/apush-new-world-beginnings-flash-cards/ Conquistadors a Spanish soldier, explorer, and adventurer who took part in the gradual invasion and conquest of much of the Americas and Asia Pacific, bringing them under Spanish colonial rule between the 15th and 19th centuries. Notice that the term is not used for the Portuguese explorers and conquerors of Brazil, such as the Bandeirantes. https://quizlet.com/26442853/chapter-1-ap-us-history-explorers-and-conquistadors-flashcards/ Mexican immigrants, "reconquista" Immigrants typically left countries where populations were growing rapidly and where agricultural and industrial revolutions were shaking people loose from old habits of life. And they came to America in search of jobs and economic opportunity. Mexican migrants especially flowed to the Southwest. By the turn of the century Latinos made up made up nearly 1/3 of the pop. in Texas, Arizona, and California, and 40% in New Mexico -amounting to a demographic reconquista of the lands lost by Mexico in the war of 1846. Mexican Americans, because of their heavy concentration, seemed like they would be able to create a truly bicultural zone in the booming southwestern states. https://quizlet.com/26344896/apush-id-1-flash-cards/ (Related) Reconquista The effort by Christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain, lasting from the 1100s until 1492. https://quizlet.com/26344896/apush-id-1-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) reconquista taking back of lands lost by Mexico in the war https://quizlet.com/26344896/apush-id-1-flash-cards/ (Related) Reconquista the effort by christian leaders to drive the muslims out of spain, lasting from the 1100s until 1492. Done by Ferdinand and Isabella. This unified Spain into a powerful nation-state https://quizlet.com/26344896/apush-id-1-flash-cards/ (Related) Reconquista who Napoleon https://quizlet.com/26344896/apush-id-1-flash-cards/ (Related) Reconquista what Period of expansion of the Christian states of the peninsula at the expense of Muslim states https://quizlet.com/26344896/apush-id-1-flash-cards/ (Related) Reconquista when 771-1492 https://quizlet.com/26344896/apush-id-1-flash-cards/ (Related) Reconquista where colonial Spanish America https://quizlet.com/26344896/apush-id-1-flash-cards/ (Related) Reconquista significance Short restoration; royalist control https://quizlet.com/26344896/apush-id-1-flash-cards/ Who was involved in the Columbian Exchange? England, North America, South America, Africa, West Indies https://quizlet.com/88318712/apush-period-1-european-exploration-and-the-columbianexchange-flash-cards/ (Related) When was the Columbian exchange? 1770 https://quizlet.com/88318712/apush-period-1-european-exploration-and-the-columbianexchange-flash-cards/ (Related) Positive effects of the Columbian exchange Change of diet, new crops and animals in different continents, and new allies https://quizlet.com/88318712/apush-period-1-european-exploration-and-the-columbianexchange-flash-cards/ (Related) Negative effects of the Columbian exchange Native Americans were killed by diseases and slave labor began https://quizlet.com/88318712/apush-period-1-european-exploration-and-the-columbianexchange-flash-cards/ (Related) How was the Columbian exchange possible? Through markets and ships try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) https://quizlet.com/88318712/apush-period-1-european-exploration-and-the-columbianexchange-flash-cards/ (Related) Columbian Exchange The collision between the Old and New world which brought unknown items from both worlds. The Natives had gold, sliver, corn, and etc where as the Europeans had a brought cattle, tomatoes, diseases like smallpox that eventually changed the ways of the world done by Columbus https://quizlet.com/88318712/apush-period-1-european-exploration-and-the-columbianexchange-flash-cards/ (Related) Columbian Exchange The transfer of goods, crops, and diseases between New and Old World societies after 1492 https://quizlet.com/88318712/apush-period-1-european-exploration-and-the-columbianexchange-flash-cards/ (Related) Columbian Exchange An exchange between the Old World, New World, and Africa. In this exchange the Old World gave the New World food, animals, and diseases. Africa gave the New World slaves. Lastly, the New World gave the Old World gold, silver, raw materials, and syphilis. https://quizlet.com/88318712/apush-period-1-european-exploration-and-the-columbianexchange-flash-cards/ (Related) Columbian Exchange The transfer of goods, crops, and diseases between New and Old World societies after 1492. The Native World had gold, silver, corn, potatoes, tobacco, pineapples, tomatoes, beans, vanilla, chocolate and syphilis. The Old World/Europeans had wheat, rice, sugar, coffee, horses, cows, pigs, smallpox, measles, influenza, bubonic plague, typhus, diphtheria, and the scarlet fever. This whole exchange of things was initiated by Columbus. https://quizlet.com/88318712/apush-period-1-european-exploration-and-the-columbianexchange-flash-cards/ Feudalism a medieval European social system in which land was divided into hundreds of small holdings https://quizlet.com/135016680/period-1-1491-1607-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Feudalism A social system that existed in Europe during the Middle Ages in which people worked and fought for nobles who gave them protection and the use of land in return. This system was transferred to the Americas during colonization https://quizlet.com/135016680/period-1-1491-1607-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Feudalism a medieval European social system in which land was divided into hundreds of small holdings https://quizlet.com/135016680/period-1-1491-1607-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) feudalism political system in which powerful leaders gave land to nobles in exchange for pledges of loyalty and service (kings, nobles, knights, etc.), lead to a central government and frequent warfare https://quizlet.com/135016680/period-1-1491-1607-apush-flash-cards/ capitalism A system of economic production based on the private ownership of property and the contractual exchange for profit of goods, labor, ad money. https://quizlet.com/21054627/apush-1920s-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) "people's capitalism" an egalitarian capitalism in which all Americans could participate and enjoy the consumer goods that U.S. industry had made available. https://quizlet.com/21054627/apush-1920s-flash-cards/ (Related) welfare capitalism some employers adopted benevolent policies toward their employees. They set up employee cafeterias, staffed on-site medical clinics, and engaged psychologists to counsel troubled workers. They also published employee newsletters and gave awards to employees who did their work well and in good spirit. Some even gave employees a voice in determining working conditions. The purpose of welfare capitalism was to encourage loyalty to the firm and to convince employees that capitalism could work in their interests. https://quizlet.com/21054627/apush-1920s-flash-cards/ (Related) capitalism the economic system of free trade in which consumers and businesses control the economy without government regulation; also known as laissez-faire https://quizlet.com/21054627/apush-1920s-flash-cards/ Joint Stock Companies These were developed to gather the savings from the middle class to support finance colonies. Ex. London Company and Plymouth Company. https://quizlet.com/26006653/apush-unit-2-flash-cards/ Encomienda System early 16th century, created by Nicolas de Ovando; royal grants of land from Spanish Crown to Spaniards; in return, the Spanish promised to Christianize the Natives; Natives were forced into heavy labor https://quizlet.com/63325336/apush-test-flash-cards/ (Related) Fall of the Encomienda System Catholics protested; Mestizos could not be forced to work the encomienda system and in time, many were born; African slave labor replaced https://quizlet.com/63325336/apush-test-flash-cards/ (Related) encomienda system The encomienda system allowed the government to commend, or give, Indians to certain colonists in return for the promise to try to Christianize them. https://quizlet.com/63325336/apush-test-flash-cards/ 1619 first Africans Arrive in 1619 - unclear status- free, indentured, slavesDevelopment of slavery, 1620 > 1700 https://quizlet.com/133420900/african-american-history-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) 1619: Africans fist came to VA---why so few? Slave trade hadn't started yet, came as indentured servant's. Beginning's/set foundation for slavery https://quizlet.com/133420900/african-american-history-apush-flash-cards/ Christopher Columbus He was a skilled Italian seafare that persuaded the Spanish monarchs to outfit him with three tiny but seaworthy ships. He headed West in search of a water route to the Indies. After six weeks at sea, failure loomed until, on October 12, 1492, the crew sighted an try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) island in the Bahamas. He never actually came to the Indies, but he thought that he had so he called the native people there Indians. Columbus's discovery would eventually convulse four continents- Europe, Africa, and the two Americas. Columbus brought seedlings of sugar cane, which thrived in the warm Caribbean climate. https://quizlet.com/6143640/apush-ch-1-flash-cards/ (Related) Christopher Columbus Italian seafarer who sailed for Spain; sighted an island in the Bahamas on October 12, 1492 seeking a new water route to the Indies; thought Americas were the Indies https://quizlet.com/6143640/apush-ch-1-flash-cards/ (Related) Christopher Columbus He was an italian navigator who, in 1492, was granted a voyage of three ships. He sought out to find a quicker path to the Indies, but instead he wound up in the "New World". Columbus brought permanent connection between Europe and Native Americans https://quizlet.com/6143640/apush-ch-1-flash-cards/ (Related) Christopher Columbus (bt. August and October 1451 - May 20, 1506) was a navigator, colonizer, and explorer who was instrumental in Spanish colonization of the Americas. Though not the first to reach the Americas from Europe (the Vikings had reached Canada many years earlier, led by Leif Ericsson), Columbus' voyages led to general European awareness of the hemisphere and the successful establishment of European cultures in the New World. https://quizlet.com/6143640/apush-ch-1-flash-cards/ (Related) Christopher Columbus the explorer who found the New World while searching for a sea route to the Indies https://quizlet.com/6143640/apush-ch-1-flash-cards/ Spanish Armada -Spanish fleet defeated in the English Channel in 1588. The defeat of the Armada marked the beginning of the decline of the Spanish Empire.-England's victory over the Spanish Armada also marked a red-letter day in American history; it dampened Spain's fighting spirit and helped ensure England's naval dominance in the North Atlantic. https://quizlet.com/6181685/chapter-2-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Spanish Armada The Spanish Fleet sent to attack England, but failed due to losses in battle or weather damage https://quizlet.com/6181685/chapter-2-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Spanish Armada 130 Spanish ships that were conquered by smaller English ships in 1588 https://quizlet.com/6181685/chapter-2-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Spanish Armada Spanish fleet (made by Phillip II) that was conquered by smaller, swifter English ships and a storm in 1588; marked the beginning of the end of Spanish imperial dreams and ensured English naval dominance in the North Atlantic https://quizlet.com/6181685/chapter-2-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) T/F: The defeat of hte Spanish Armada was important to the North American colonization because it enabled England to conquer Spain's New World empire False, it enabled England to control the Atlantic Sea lanes https://quizlet.com/6181685/chapter-2-apush-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) England's victory over the Spanish Armada gave it:A) Control of the Spanish colonies in the New WorldB) Dominance of the Atlantic Ocean and a vibrant sense of nationalismC) A stable social order and economyD) Effective control of the African slave trade B https://quizlet.com/6181685/chapter-2-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Q. What characteristics of England after the victory over the Spanish Armada were similar to Spain's condition one century earlier? Both countries had greater economic and military strength and also achieved national political and religious unity under well-known rulers https://quizlet.com/6181685/chapter-2-apush-flash-cards/ Atlantic Slave Trade Lasted from 16th century until the 19th century. The buying, transporting, and selling of Africans in the Americas. Trade of African peoples from Western Africa to the Americas. One part of a three-part economical system known as the MIddle Passage of the Triangular Trade. https://quizlet.com/665595/apush-ch-2-3-flash-cards/ (Related) Atlantic Slave Trade Triangular trading system between English mainland colonies, the West Indies, and the African shore. https://quizlet.com/665595/apush-ch-2-3-flash-cards/ (Related) trans-atlantic slave trade (triangular trade) trade among Europe, Africa, and the Americas. The Americas would give Europe raw materials, Europe would give finished products to Africa. Africa would give slaves to Am. https://quizlet.com/665595/apush-ch-2-3-flash-cards/ (Related) Atlantic Slave Trade A. A large triangular trading system between English mainland colonies, the West Indie, and the African shore. Molasses is traded from the Indies up to the colonies where it is distilled into rum. The rum is traded to Africa in exchange for slaves who are traded in the indies for more molasses. B. Brought a large system of trade that greatly stimulated both the colonies in the Indies and on the mainland as well as bringing slaves to the Indies and back up to the mainland. https://quizlet.com/665595/apush-ch-2-3-flash-cards/ Roanoke Established in 1587. Called the Lost Colony. It was financed by Sir Walter Raleigh, and its leader in the New World was John White. All the settlers disappeared, and historians still don't know what became of them. https://quizlet.com/146265850/apush-ch2-flash-cards/ (Related) Roanoke Island Island colony founded by Sir Walter Raleigh that mysteriously disappeared in the 1580s https://quizlet.com/146265850/apush-ch2-flash-cards/ (Related) Roanoke The failed "lost colony" founded by Sir Walter Raleigh https://quizlet.com/146265850/apush-ch2-flash-cards/ (Related) Roanoke colony try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) 2 colonizing ventures dispatched by Sir Walter Raleigh. The 1st group was 100 young men in 1585-1586 who abandoned the settlement, the 2nd (1586) was 100 persons, mostly families, who disappeared mysteriously https://quizlet.com/146265850/apush-ch2-flash-cards/ (Related) Roanoke Island -first settlers that settled there were 117 men from Sir Walter Raleigh's third expedition to North Carolina -left on the island for several years with no supplies -mysteriously vanished which is still puzzling to historians today https://quizlet.com/146265850/apush-ch2-flash-cards/ (Related) Roanoke • The first English settlement in the New World was on the island of Roanoke, off the coast of North Carolina, established in 1587. Virginia Dare, the first English child born in America was born on Roanoke Island. The settlement failed, and no one knows what became of the people who first settled there. https://quizlet.com/146265850/apush-ch2-flash-cards/ Virginia House of Burgesses 1619 - The Virginia House of Burgesses formed, the first legislative body in colonial America. Later other colonies would adopt houses of burgesses. https://quizlet.com/2247456/unit-one-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Virginia House of Burgesses First miniature parliament authorized by London Company in 1619 in British American colonies; representative self-gov't; grant revoked by James I who thought assembly was dangerous and made VA a royal colony https://quizlet.com/2247456/unit-one-apush-flash-cards/ New England Colonies: Geography rocky soil, coastal ports towns on the Atantic Ocean https://quizlet.com/5266336/apush-colonial-america-flash-cards/ (Related) New England Colonies: Climate cold temperatures, long winters https://quizlet.com/5266336/apush-colonial-america-flash-cards/ (Related) New England Colonies: Economy ($) fishing & shipbuilding https://quizlet.com/5266336/apush-colonial-america-flash-cards/ (Related) New England Colonies: Social Life getherings on the "green" or town center, church https://quizlet.com/5266336/apush-colonial-america-flash-cards/ Mayflower Compact This document was not a constitution; was a simple agreement to form a crude government and to submit to the will of the majority under the regulations agreed upon; was signed by 41 adult males, 11 of them with the exalted rank of mister though not by the servants and two seamen; was a promising step toward genuine self-government; , a formal document, written in 1620, that provided law and order to the Plymouth colony https://quizlet.com/6649529/apush-chapter-1-4-flash-cards/ (Related) 1. Mayflower Compact try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) 1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony. https://quizlet.com/6649529/apush-chapter-1-4-flash-cards/ (Related) Mayflower Compact A formal document, written in 1620 aboard the Mayflower, that provided law and order to the Plymouth colony https://quizlet.com/6649529/apush-chapter-1-4-flash-cards/ (Related) Mayflower Compact Regarded not as a constitution but as an agreement; Recognized James I as sovereign leader and all settlers as governing body; Agreed to majority rule https://quizlet.com/6649529/apush-chapter-1-4-flash-cards/ (Related) Mayflower Compact • The Mayflower Compact is often cited as the first example of self-government in the Americas. The Pilgrims, having arrived at a harbor far north of the land that was rightfully theirs, signed the Mayflower Compact to establish a "civil body politic" under the sovereignty of James I. https://quizlet.com/6649529/apush-chapter-1-4-flash-cards/ John Winthrop (12 January 1587/8 - 26 March 1649) led a group of English Puritans to the New World, joined the Massachusetts Bay Company in 1629 and was elected their governor on April 8, 1630. Between 1639 and 1648 he was voted out of governorship and re-elected a total of 12 times. https://quizlet.com/2590280/ap-us-history-summer-ids-flash-cards/ (Related) "City upon a Hill" (John Winthrop) A colony that would be a refuge for persecuted Puritans and an instrument for the creation of Zion in America. This colony would have many economic and political situations which led to the foundation for major elements in America's cultural and political development as an example of how godly people should live. https://quizlet.com/2590280/ap-us-history-summer-ids-flash-cards/ (Related) John Winthrop A Puritan attorney and justice of peace. He served in the government in Virginia from 16301640, he also provided a very important primary source of information with his journal https://quizlet.com/2590280/ap-us-history-summer-ids-flash-cards/ (Related) John Winthrop As governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, Winthrop (1588-1649) was instrumental in forming the colony's government and shaping its legislative policy. He envisioned the colony, centered in present-day Boston, as a "city upon a hill" from which Puritans would spread religious righteousness throughout the world. https://quizlet.com/2590280/ap-us-history-summer-ids-flash-cards/ (Related) John Winthrop Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, envisioned colony as a "city upon a hill" https://quizlet.com/2590280/ap-us-history-summer-ids-flash-cards/ (Related) John Winthrop The first governor and one of the founders of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and a member of the Massachusetts Bay Company. He played a key role in the puritan migration and intended to create a utopian society in America. He was elected governor twelve times and pursued a conservative religious and governmental policy. try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) https://quizlet.com/2590280/ap-us-history-summer-ids-flash-cards/ Roger Williams (December 21, 1603-April 1, 1683) was an English theologian, a notable proponent of religious toleration and the separation of church and state, and an advocate for fair dealings with Native Americans. In 1644, he received a charter creating the colony of Rhode Island, named for the principal island in Narragansett Bay. He is credited for originating either the first or second Baptist church established in America. https://quizlet.com/149174/apush-ch2-flash-cards/ (Related) Roger Williams Minister from Salem; extreme Separatist who argued legality of MBC and Plymouth b/c both colonies were built on Indian land which the King had no authority over; Strongly believed in separation of church and state, King should have nothing to do with religious matters; https://quizlet.com/149174/apush-ch2-flash-cards/ (Related) Roger Williams He founded Rhode Island for separation of Church and State. He believed that the Puritans were too powerful and was ordered to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious beliefs. https://quizlet.com/149174/apush-ch2-flash-cards/ (Related) Roger Williams a controversial young minister, who established the town of Providence, that had a government without any ties to the Church of England, and where any religions could be practiced without interference. Believed in equality of whites and natives, est. Rhode Island. https://quizlet.com/149174/apush-ch2-flash-cards/ (Related) Roger Williams English clergyman and colonist who was expelled from Massachusetts for criticizing Puritanism https://quizlet.com/149174/apush-ch2-flash-cards/ Middle Colonies New YorkNew JerseyPennsylvania https://quizlet.com/13044596/ap-us-history-section-ii-middle-colonies-flash-cards/ (Related) Middle Colonies EconomicsQuaker merchant econ diversitycapitalistsship building https://quizlet.com/13044596/ap-us-history-section-ii-middle-colonies-flash-cards/ (Related) Middle Colonies Politics:Differing Characteristics Pennsylvania William Penn was founderHoly ExperimentMore men with voting rights1804 - women had voting rights which were taken away Politics of elites - NY https://quizlet.com/13044596/ap-us-history-section-ii-middle-colonies-flash-cards/ (Related) Middle Colonies Social HistoryQuakers The Quaker Way: Live simply so others may simply liveGeorge Fox - Starts seekers later become QuakersEquality including in Quaker Meeting house https://quizlet.com/13044596/ap-us-history-section-ii-middle-colonies-flash-cards/ New Amsterdam Company town established by the Dutch in the 1620's, Later became New York City! https://quizlet.com/6185163/apush-vocab-notecards-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) New Amsterdam a settlement established by the Dutch near the mouth of Hudson River and the southern end of Manhattan Island https://quizlet.com/6185163/apush-vocab-notecards-flash-cards/ (Related) New Amsterdam 1626. The Dutch Colonization of the Americas. They settled in present-day New York along the Hudson River. It was the foundation for New York City. https://quizlet.com/6185163/apush-vocab-notecards-flash-cards/ (Related) New Amsterdam New York City area- bought for a small amount- run for Dutch company- harsh rules https://quizlet.com/6185163/apush-vocab-notecards-flash-cards/ (Related) New Amsterdam (Manhattan) purchased by Dutch East and West India Companies, was a company town, run by and for the Dutch company in the interests of stockholders, attracted people of all types and races, did not care about religion, aristocratic, Cosmopolitan, profit centered https://quizlet.com/6185163/apush-vocab-notecards-flash-cards/ English Civil War + Charles I: - tried to advocate the divine right of kings and bring more absolutist policies to England - Many thought he brought too much Catholic influence to the Church of England **War broke out between Parliament's supporters (Roundheads) and the King's supporters (Cavaliers). - Later Charles I was tried and executed in 1649 as a "tyrant, traitor, murderer, and public enemy". **Oliver Cromwell, leader of military, ruled England as "Lord Protector" until 1658. https://quizlet.com/865312/ap-us-history-colonies-flash-cards/ (Related) English Civil War This was the revolution as a result of whether the sovereignty would remain with the king or with the Parliament. Eventually, the kingship was abolished https://quizlet.com/865312/ap-us-history-colonies-flash-cards/ (Related) English Civil War this war led to the execution of King Charles I, Ending with the execution of Charles I, this war was to put either the king or Parliament in the political power of England. This, however, did not resolve this problem. https://quizlet.com/865312/ap-us-history-colonies-flash-cards/ (Related) Impact of English Civil War on colonies ... https://quizlet.com/865312/ap-us-history-colonies-flash-cards/ (Related) English Civil War (1642-1651) Armed conflict between royalists and parliamentarians, resulting in the victory of proParliament forces and the execution of Charles I. (54) https://quizlet.com/865312/ap-us-history-colonies-flash-cards/ William Penn English Quaker leader who obtained a charter for Pennsylvania from Charles II in exchange for a debt owed to his father. He intended to establish a model society based on religious freedom and peaceful relations with Native Americans, in addition to benefiting financially from the sale of the land. try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) https://quizlet.com/13271402/ap-us-history-chapter-3-ids-flash-cards/ (Related) William Penn An English real estate entrepreneur, he was giving a large piece of the American land from James II of England. He was a early advocate of democracy and religious freedom, he was also one of the few colonies to have good relations with the Indians, making serveral successful treaties https://quizlet.com/13271402/ap-us-history-chapter-3-ids-flash-cards/ (Related) William Penn established Pennsylvania (not named after him) for Quakers. Good relationship with Indians. https://quizlet.com/13271402/ap-us-history-chapter-3-ids-flash-cards/ (Related) William Penn became a Quaker missionary after rejecting a life of leisure. He received Pennsylvania from king Charles I because the king owed Penn's dead father 16,000 pounds and this became the payback. In 1682 he founded Philadelphia and also received Delaware and the land between Maryland and the Delaware river from the lord of York. Large number of Germans came to PA because Penn wrote glowing descriptions of his colony which were then sent overseas to England and then translated to other European languages. He launched the colony as a "holy experiment" based on religious tolerance. https://quizlet.com/13271402/ap-us-history-chapter-3-ids-flash-cards/ (Related) Pennsylvania, William Penn 1681- William Penn received a land grant from King Charles II, and used it to form a colony that would provide a haven for Quakers. His colony, Pennsylvania, allowed religious freedom. https://quizlet.com/13271402/ap-us-history-chapter-3-ids-flash-cards/ Old Southwest The Southwestern United States is a region defined in different ways by different sources. Broad definitions include nearly a quarter of the United States, including Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas and Utah https://quizlet.com/770036/apush-ch17-flash-cards/ (Related) The Hispanic Southwest Hispanics were the first people to settle the Far West because they were moving up from Mexico. The most populous settlements along New Mexico's upper Rio Grande Valley. The economy of this crescent was pastoral, and consisted mainly of cattle and sheep ranching. There was a strong social order. There were the elite-dons occupying royal land grants and were proudly Spanish and devoted to the traditional life of a landed aristocracy. Below them, with little in between, was a laboring class of servants, artisans, vaqueros (cowboys) and farm hands. Pueblo Indians still occupied much of the land, living traditionally in adobe houses. Navajos lived in the north, and they were warriors and skilled at crafts and sheep raising. DIPLOMATIC. https://quizlet.com/770036/apush-ch17-flash-cards/ (Related) American Southwest Societies Lived in villages with farming as their source of food, included Apache, Hopi, Navajo, Pueblo, and Zuni https://quizlet.com/770036/apush-ch17-flash-cards/ (Related) Old Southwest refer to the area of the United States west of the Appalachians and south of the Ohio which were settled in the early nineteenth century, (Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Arkansas) https://quizlet.com/770036/apush-ch17-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Spanish-speaking Southwest influenced by Mexican culture and institutions, new laws and ranching methods, economic caste system, women given some property rights, Roman Catholic influence, Spanish language and names https://quizlet.com/770036/apush-ch17-flash-cards/ Navigation Acts Laws passed by the British to control colonial trade https://quizlet.com/13647569/apush-colonial-unit-1-22-flash-cards/ (Related) Navigation Acts of 1651, 1660, and 1663 1651: all goods imported to England or the colonies can only be carried on English ships with majority English crews. 1660: Ships' crews must be 3/4 English, and colonies can only do business with England or other colonies.1663: All goods from colonies must go to England first, be offloaded and have duties paid, before being reloaded and reshipped. This gives England an effective monopoly on all goods from the colonies. https://quizlet.com/13647569/apush-colonial-unit-1-22-flash-cards/ (Related) Navigation Acts of 1650- 1654 Laws that governed trade between England and its colonies. Colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to England. These acts made colonists very angry because they were forbidden from trading with other countries. https://quizlet.com/13647569/apush-colonial-unit-1-22-flash-cards/ (Related) Navigation Acts • Passed under the mercantilist system, the Navigation Acts (1651-1673) regulated trade in order to benefit the British economy. The acts restricted trade between England and its colonies to English or colonial ships, required certain colonial goods to pass through England before export, provided subsidies for the production of certain raw goods in the colonies, and banned colonial competition in large-scale manufacturing. https://quizlet.com/13647569/apush-colonial-unit-1-22-flash-cards/ (Related) Navigation Acts (1651) First Navigation Act- made by parliament to hurt Dutch economy, required English crops to be sent only to England or English colonies on ships that were England/English Colony made, had ½ English crew and master. 1660- Second Navigation Act- made by restoration government, same only ship crews had to be ¾ English, and enumerated commodities had restrictions. https://quizlet.com/13647569/apush-colonial-unit-1-22-flash-cards/ The Dominion of New England The Dominion of New England occurred in the time period of the 1670's & 1680's. King James II attempts to consolidate all of the New England colonies (that includes: Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island and New Hampshire) into one large colony. By doing so, he's taking away the rights of the people in those colonies, because they no longer have much say in their government. He wants to expand it eventually to include New York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey and make them under one rule. King James II tries to tighten his control over the colonies and curve the rights of the people. The significance of this is that the Glorious Revolution puts the end to the Dominion of New England and restores the rights of the people. https://quizlet.com/55161/apush-the-american-colonies-flash-cards/ (Related) the dominion of new england occurred when in the time period of 1670's and 1680's https://quizlet.com/55161/apush-the-american-colonies-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) What happened during the dominion of new england King James II attempted to consolidate all of the New England colonies into one larger colony https://quizlet.com/55161/apush-the-american-colonies-flash-cards/ (Related) What is the significance of the Dominion of New England: The glorious revolution puts the end to the Dominion of New england and restores the rights of the people https://quizlet.com/55161/apush-the-american-colonies-flash-cards/ (Related) Dominion of New England (1686-1689) Administrative union created by royal authority, incorporating all of New England, New York, and East and West Jersey. Placed under the rule of Sir Edmund Andros who curbed popular assemblies, taxed residents without their consent and strictly enforced Navigation Laws. Its collapse after the Glorious Revolution in England demonstrated colonial opposition to strict royal control. (55) https://quizlet.com/55161/apush-the-american-colonies-flash-cards/ (Related) Dominion of New England Consolidation into a single colony of the New England colonies-and later New York and New Jersey-by royal governor Edmund Andros in 1686; dominion reverted to individual colonial governments three years later. https://quizlet.com/55161/apush-the-american-colonies-flash-cards/ (Related) Dominion of New England 1686-The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Andros). Ended in 1692, when the colonists revolted and drove out Governor Andros https://quizlet.com/55161/apush-the-american-colonies-flash-cards/ (Related) Dominion of New England 1686 - The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Andros). The Dominion ended in 1692, when the colonists revolted and drove out Governor Andros. https://quizlet.com/55161/apush-the-american-colonies-flash-cards/ New England Confederation It was formed in 1643 to provide for the defense of the four New England colonies (Plymouth, Mass Bay, Connecticut and New Haven) and also acted as a court in disputes between colonies. These colonies formed a military alliance directed by a board comprised of two reps from each colony. They had imited powers to act on boundary disputes, the return of runaway servants, and dealings with Native Americans, Duch, and French. It lasted until 1684, when colonial rivalries and the monarch's reasserted control brought it to an end, but it is important because it was the first sign of the colonies to take a unified action. https://quizlet.com/6254031/apush-unit-1-study-guide-flash-cards/ (Related) New England Confederation New England colonists formed the New England Confederation in 1643 as a defense against local Native American tribes and encroaching Dutch. The colonists formed the alliance without the English crown's authorization. https://quizlet.com/6254031/apush-unit-1-study-guide-flash-cards/ (Related) New England Confederation Four colonies banded together to form this group in 1643. Its main purpose was defense against foes or potential foes, notably the Indians, the French, and the Dutch. Purely try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) inter-colonial problems came within its jurisdiction as well. Each member colony wielded 2 votes. The member colonies were the Bay Colony, the Plymouth Colony, New Haven, and scattered valley settlements in CT, so it was basically an exclusive Puritan club. Three of these four wanted to wipe out New Netherland with military force, but MA didn't want to. The formation of this group was the first notable milestone toward colonial unity. https://quizlet.com/6254031/apush-unit-1-study-guide-flash-cards/ (Related) when and why was the New England Confederation founded? 1643; colonies banded together to defend themselves https://quizlet.com/6254031/apush-unit-1-study-guide-flash-cards/ (Related) which colonies were in the New England Confederation? Massachusetts, New Haven, Plymouth, Connecticut https://quizlet.com/6254031/apush-unit-1-study-guide-flash-cards/ (Related) which colonies were excluded from the New England Confederation and why? Maine and Rhode Island were too liberal https://quizlet.com/6254031/apush-unit-1-study-guide-flash-cards/ (Related) New England Confederation New England colonists formed the New England Confederation in 1643 as a defense against local Native American tribes and encroaching Dutch. The colonists formed the alliance without the English crown's authorization. https://quizlet.com/6254031/apush-unit-1-study-guide-flash-cards/ Effects of Glorious Revolution -ended most of what Britain had put in place to control the colonies (now a constitutional monarchy)-provided the rationale for the American Revolution through the writings of John Locke https://quizlet.com/6017076/unit-1-apush-review-notes-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Glorious Revolution of 1688 Protestant Parlimentary leaders carry outa bloody coup when wife of James II gives birth to potential Catholic heir to the thrown. This sparked rebellions in the colonies. https://quizlet.com/6017076/unit-1-apush-review-notes-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) the Glorious Revolution In order to prevent a Catholic Dynasty the English Parliament drove out James II following the birth of his son and replaced him with the protestant Stahoulder of the Nederlands William, and his wife and daughter of James II, Mary II. This was a relativly bloodless revolution. (excepting the Irish Rebellion in which an Catholic coalition of English-IrishFrench troops led by James were butchered). https://quizlet.com/6017076/unit-1-apush-review-notes-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Glorious Revolution 1688 Bloodless overthrow of King James II. established William and Mary as the new leaders. https://quizlet.com/6017076/unit-1-apush-review-notes-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Glorious Revolution a bloodless coup in England tha overthrew James the II and enthroned Mary II and William the III; weakened the monarchial power https://quizlet.com/6017076/unit-1-apush-review-notes-vocab-flash-cards/ Salem Witch Trials try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) 1692-1693; a series of witchcraft trials launched after a group of young girls in Salem, Massachusetts, cliamed to have been bewitched by some of the older women in the colony. Twenty individuals were put to death before the trials were put to an end by the Governor of Massachusetts. https://quizlet.com/4593728/ap-us-history-review-flash-cards/ (Related) Salem Witch Trials in the 1680's and 1690's adolescent girls of Salem, Massachusetts, accused several West Indian servants of voodoo lore, and hundreds of people (mostly women) of witchcraft (exercising of satanic powers), ending with 19 being put to death, and the girls who had been the accusers, admitting that they fabricated their story. This was one of the many examples of hysteria and chaos that broke out due to the tensions that built in Puritan communities. https://quizlet.com/4593728/ap-us-history-review-flash-cards/ (Related) Salem Witch Trials Period where mainly women were being accused of witchcraft. It reflected the tensions between farming and commercial interests https://quizlet.com/4593728/ap-us-history-review-flash-cards/ (Related) Salem witch trials series of hearings before local magistrates followed by county court trials to prosecute people accused of witchcraft in Essex, Suffolk, and Middlesex Counties of colonial Massachusetts, between February 1692 and May 1693. Over 150 people were arrested and imprisoned, with even more accused who were not formally pursued by the authorities. The two courts convicted twenty-nine people of the capital felony of witchcraft. Nineteen of the accused, fourteen women and five men, were hanged. One man who refused to enter a plea was crushed to death under heavy stones in an attempt to force him to do so. At least five more of the accused died in prison. https://quizlet.com/4593728/ap-us-history-review-flash-cards/ (Related) Salem Witch Trials The Salem Witch Trials start in Massachusetts during the 1690's when 3 sick girls are said to be affected by witch craft. The first three women the girls blamed of witchcraft were Tituba, Sarah Goode, and Sarah Osborne. They start accusing more and more people and upstanding members of society of witchcraft. The Salem Witch trials are not just about religion, but also about land. People from the west side of town, with not so good soil would accuse people from the east side of town where the soil was good and they had access to the roads. The trials end when they accuse the governors wife of witchcraft. By the time the trials were over, 20 people were executed. The significance is that about 20 years later the government apologizes because there was never enough evidence to convict anyone and compensates the families of those convicted. https://quizlet.com/4593728/ap-us-history-review-flash-cards/ (Related) when and where did the salem witch trials occur in massachusetts during the 1690s https://quizlet.com/4593728/ap-us-history-review-flash-cards/ (Related) how do the salem witch trials start 3 sick girls are said to be affected by witch craft https://quizlet.com/4593728/ap-us-history-review-flash-cards/ (Related) the salem witch trials are not just about ____ but also about _____ religion, land https://quizlet.com/4593728/ap-us-history-review-flash-cards/ Primogeniture try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) Laws of primogeniture decreed that only eldest sons were eligible to inherit landed estates; landholders among them, Raleigh, Drake, were forced to seek their fortunes elsewhere https://quizlet.com/23280016/apush-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Primogeniture The legal principle that the oldest son inherits all family property or land. Ex. " . . . laws of primogeniture decreed that only eldest sons were eligible to inherit landed estates." https://quizlet.com/23280016/apush-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Primogeniture A system of inheritance in which the eldest son in a family received all of his father's land. The nobility remained powerful and owned land, while the 2nd and 3rd sons were forced to seek fortune elsewhere. Many of them turned to the New World for their financial purposes and individual wealth. https://quizlet.com/23280016/apush-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) primogeniture british law and custom where the firstborn son inherits the family's entire estate. it led many younger sons of gentry to seek their fortunes in exploration and colonization https://quizlet.com/23280016/apush-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Primogeniture, entail These were the two British legal doctrines governing the inheritance of property. Primogeniture requried that a man's real property pass in its entirety to his oldest son. Entail requried that property could only be left to direct descendants (usually sons), and not to persons outside of the family. https://quizlet.com/23280016/apush-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) (36.)Primogeniture ID: Primogeniture is by law or custom, of the first-born son to inherit everything after the father passes away. The second born son as a result, received nothing. The custom took place in England among families and even in almost all of the 13 original colonies.HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE:The control of the inheritance allowed a father to exercise power over the male members of his family. In countries such as England, there was a primogeniture surplus and as a result there was an incentive for many individuals to move and colonize in North America. Primogeniture can create a class of poor individuals who want to seek fortune elsewhere. https://quizlet.com/23280016/apush-terms-flash-cards/ Causes for promoting Anglicanization Anglicanization-process whereby everyone had to accept English social, political, and institutional patterns of life. The crown promoted this in order to keep the colonies complacent and to keep the tied to England. https://quizlet.com/73688083/apush-chapters-1-4-flash-cards/ Trans-Atlantic print culture - British couldn't censor lots of the print in the colonies https://quizlet.com/48362661/apush-test-1-flash-cards/ Protestant Evangelicalism allowing more people into the Protestant denomination even though they may not originate from it https://quizlet.com/19082370/apush-ms-barnes-keyterms-chapter-12-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) Mercantilism an economic system (Europe in 18th C) to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests https://quizlet.com/51741630/apush-chapter-8-1790-1820-first-12-flash-cards/ (Related) neomercantilism system of government assisted economic development. Instead of mother country and country, it's government/big company and little company. https://quizlet.com/51741630/apush-chapter-8-1790-1820-first-12-flash-cards/ (Related) Mercantilism The belief that there is a limited amount of wealth in the world, and that a country should do everything to try to get as much of that wealth as possible. https://quizlet.com/51741630/apush-chapter-8-1790-1820-first-12-flash-cards/ (Related) Mercantilism Economic philosophy or practice in which England established the colonies to provide raw materials to the Mother Country; the colonies received manufactured goods in return. https://quizlet.com/51741630/apush-chapter-8-1790-1820-first-12-flash-cards/ (Related) mercantilism the economic theory that all parts of a nation's or empire's economy should be coordinated for the good of the whole state/empire; hence, that colonial economic welfare should be subordinated to that of the imperial power. (This system was embraced by the British and opposed by many colonists who believed they were being used for the mother country's sole benefit). Remember: there were advantages for the colonists as wellNote: British mercantilism promoted any form of free market in the colonies, including preventing them from printing their own paper money. One of the ways in which mercantilism harmed the colonial economy was by inhibiting the development of banking and paper currency in the colonies.British mercantilism enforced restrictions on colonial manufacturing, trade, and paper currency. https://quizlet.com/51741630/apush-chapter-8-1790-1820-first-12-flash-cards/ Battle of New Orleans January, 1815 - A large British invasion force was repelled by Andrew Jackson's troops at New Orleans. Jackson had been given the details of the British army's battle plans by the French pirate, Jean Laffite. About 2500 British soldiers were killed or captured, while in the American army only 8 men were killed. Neither side knew that the Treaty of Ghent had ended the War of 1812 two weeks before the battle. This victory inspired American nationalism https://quizlet.com/14829857/apush-chapter-8-flash-cards/ (Related) Battle of New Orleans A large british invasion force was repelled by Andrew Jackson's troops at New Orleans. Neither side knew that the Treaty of Ghent had ended the war of 1812 two weeks before the battle. About 2500 British soldiers were captured or killed while the Americans lost only 8 men https://quizlet.com/14829857/apush-chapter-8-flash-cards/ (Related) Battle of New Orleans A battle during the War of 1812 where the British army attempted to take New Orleans. Due to a foolish frontal attack, Andrew Jackson defeated them, which gave him an enormous popularity boost https://quizlet.com/14829857/apush-chapter-8-flash-cards/ (Related) New Orleans fuonded in 1718 as one of the fortified posts in Mississipi and Louisiana try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) https://quizlet.com/14829857/apush-chapter-8-flash-cards/ (Related) Battle of New Orleans Jackson led a battle that occurred when British troops attacked U.S. soldiers in New Orleans on January 8, 1815; the War of 1812 had officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Ghent in December, 1814, but word had not yet reached the U.S. https://quizlet.com/14829857/apush-chapter-8-flash-cards/ Molasses Act, 1733 imposed tax on molasses, sugar and rum imported to American colonies from non-British foreign colonies https://quizlet.com/2955440/apush-ch-7-flash-cards/ (Related) Specific Purposes of the Molasses Act of 1733 designed to protect the position of British suppliers in American market against cheaper Spanish and French goods https://quizlet.com/2955440/apush-ch-7-flash-cards/ (Related) What impact did the Molasses Act of 1733 has? increased the price of sugar and rum in the colony and curtailed American trade with French colonies that were also buyers of American goods https://quizlet.com/2955440/apush-ch-7-flash-cards/ (Related) Colonial reaction to the Molasses Act of 1733 led to widespread bribery and smuggling https://quizlet.com/2955440/apush-ch-7-flash-cards/ (Related) Molasses Act of 1733 Act that made molasses cost sixpence a gallon during mercantilism; despite this, molasses continued to be imported from the French West Indies to the colonies https://quizlet.com/2955440/apush-ch-7-flash-cards/ (Related) molasses act 1733 1733What: act stopping north American trade with the French West IndiesWhy: British west Indian planters were losing profit because bought cheap french molasses insteadReaction: Bribery, smuggling https://quizlet.com/2955440/apush-ch-7-flash-cards/ (Related) Molasses Act of 1733 British legislation which had taxed all molasses, rum, and sugar which the colonies imported from countries other than Britain and her colonies. The British had difficulty enforcing the tax; most colonial merchants did not pay it. https://quizlet.com/2955440/apush-ch-7-flash-cards/ (Related) Molasses Act A law that imposed a tax on molasses, sugar, and rum imported from non-British foreign colonies into the North American colonies; it was aimed to reserve a monopoly of the colonies. This caused anger among colonials due to the fear of increased prices of rum, since they felt that the British West Indies could not meet the needs of the colonies. https://quizlet.com/2955440/apush-ch-7-flash-cards/ John Peter Zenger Journalist who questioned the policies of the governor of New York in the 1700's. He was jailed; he sued, and this court case was the basis for our freedom of speech and press. He was found not guilty. try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) https://quizlet.com/389386/apush-ids-flash-cards/ (Related) John Peter Zenger Case He was jailed for questioning the governor of New York. His case influenced freedom of speech and freedom of press. https://quizlet.com/389386/apush-ids-flash-cards/ (Related) John Peter Zenger 1734-1735; newspaper printer in New York who was charged for libel on the royal governor; his lawyer (Andrew Hamilton) argued that he printed the truth but the royal chief justice disagreed; jurors proclaimed him not guilty; his case promoted liberty and freedom of the press and defined libel, freed newspapers to print responsible criticisms of officials https://quizlet.com/389386/apush-ids-flash-cards/ (Related) John Peter Zenger Journalist who questioned the policies of the governor of New York in the 1700's. He was jailed; he sued, and this court case was the basis for our freedom of speech and press. He was found not guilty. https://quizlet.com/389386/apush-ids-flash-cards/ (Related) John Peter Zenger Put on trial for criticizing the corrupt moral governor; claimed that he was only printing the truth, not libel; jury ruled in favor of Zenger thus giving editors a bit more freedom as to what they could print https://quizlet.com/389386/apush-ids-flash-cards/ (Related) John Peter Zenger (trial) 1750, First freedom of Speech proceedings, Zenger gets off the hook for writing unflattering things about the royal governor, William Crosby. https://quizlet.com/389386/apush-ids-flash-cards/ Blue Laws (Cultural) Regulation that prohibited certain private activities people considered immoral, such as drinking alcohol or working on Sundays https://quizlet.com/48171088/ap-us-history-period-2-flash-cards/ (Related) Blue Laws Laws designed to restrict personal behavior in accord with a strict code of morality https://quizlet.com/48171088/ap-us-history-period-2-flash-cards/ (Related) Blue Laws also known as sumptuary laws, they are designed to restrict personal behavior in accord with a strict code of morality. ________ were passed across the colonies, particularly in Puritan New England and Quaker Pennsylvania. https://quizlet.com/48171088/ap-us-history-period-2-flash-cards/ (Related) blue laws also known as sumptuary laws, designed to restrict personal behavior in accord with a strict code of morality, passed across the colonies, particularly in Puritan New England and Quaker Pennsylvania https://quizlet.com/48171088/ap-us-history-period-2-flash-cards/ Widowarchy High mortatiy among husbands and fathers left many women in the Chesapeke colonies with unusual autonomy and wealth. try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) https://quizlet.com/2185709/apush-vocab-ch-21-flash-cards/ (Related) widowarchy women in jamestown would remarry many times after the death of their husbands, subsequently becoming wealthy and owning large amounts of land https://quizlet.com/2185709/apush-vocab-ch-21-flash-cards/ (Related) Widowarchy dead fathers and husbands left the women in the chesapeake colonies with autonomy and wealth. https://quizlet.com/2185709/apush-vocab-ch-21-flash-cards/ (Related) Southern colonial widowarchy Very few women were taken to the Chesapeake, thus each woman had a large choice of men to choose from. As men worked hard, they often died of starvation or illness, leaving many powerful widows. https://quizlet.com/2185709/apush-vocab-ch-21-flash-cards/ Ohio River Valley The point of contention that sparked the French and Indian War. Both the French and British claimed it. They wanted the area because the rivers allowed for transportation. https://quizlet.com/50183162/apush-ids-chapter-6-flash-cards/ William Pitt He was the English secretary of state, and the future prime minister. He brought, in the second phase of the French and Indian War, for the first time, full control under British control. Pitt planned military strategies, appointed commander, and issued orders to the colonists. In 1758 he initiated the final phase of the war, he did this by relaxing many of the policies that Americans had found obnoxious. He also reimbursed the colonists for the supplies used by the army. He returned recruitment control back to the colonial assemblies, and he dispatched large numbers of British troops to America. This caused the battle to finally start turning in Britain's favor. https://quizlet.com/3953017/ap-us-history-ch-4-6-flash-cards/ (Related) William Pitt William Pitt was a British leader from 1757-1758. He was a leader in the London government, and earned himself the name, "Organizer of Victory". He led and won a war against Quebec. Pittsburgh was named after hi https://quizlet.com/3953017/ap-us-history-ch-4-6-flash-cards/ (Related) William Pitt William Pitt was a British leader from 1757-1758. He was a leader in the London government, and earned himself the name, "Organizer of Victory". He led and won a war against Quebec. Pittsburgh was named after him. https://quizlet.com/3953017/ap-us-history-ch-4-6-flash-cards/ (Related) William Pitt British general; aka "Great Commoner" and "Organizer of Victory"; switched British focus in war from West Indies to Quebec-Montreal area; led 1758 expedition against Louisbourg (first significant British victory); appointed James Wolfe for Quebec expedition, 1759; led to fall of Montreal in 1760 (no more French left in Canada) https://quizlet.com/3953017/ap-us-history-ch-4-6-flash-cards/ (Related) William Pitt A British leader from 1757-1758. He was the prime minister in London, and earned himself the name, "Organizer of Victory". Pittsburgh was named after him. His idea was to gain try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) colonial support by reimbursing the colonies the money that they paid for the war and by allowing local colonists to control recruiting. He was also the prime minister of London at the time of the Townshend Acts. https://quizlet.com/3953017/ap-us-history-ch-4-6-flash-cards/ Invalid Link What was the proclamation of 1763? The proclamation of 1763 was a law that forbade the colonists to settle west of the appalachian mountains https://quizlet.com/6416914/apush-vocabulary-1763-1775-flash-cards/ (Related) proclamation of 1763 issued of October 7, 1763 and was created to alleviate relations with natives after the French and Indian War and started that Americans were not permitted to passed the Appalachian Mountains. https://quizlet.com/6416914/apush-vocabulary-1763-1775-flash-cards/ (Related) Proclamation of 1763 limit colonial expansion; couldn't move west of Appalachian; organize colonies - regulate trade with Native Americans https://quizlet.com/6416914/apush-vocabulary-1763-1775-flash-cards/ (Related) proclamation of 1763 issued of October 7, 1763 and was created to alleviate relations with natives after the French and Indian War and started that Americans were not permitted to passed the Appalachian Mountains. https://quizlet.com/6416914/apush-vocabulary-1763-1775-flash-cards/ (Related) proclamation of 1763 A proclamation from the British government which forbade British colonists from settling west of the Appalacian Mountains, and which required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east. https://quizlet.com/6416914/apush-vocabulary-1763-1775-flash-cards/ (Related) Proclamation of 1763 issued October 7, 1763, by King George III following Great Britain's acquisition of French territory in North America after the end of the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War, in which it forbade settlers from settling past a line drawn along the Appalachian Mountains. The purpose of the proclamation was to organize Great Britain's new North American empire and to stabilize relations with Native North Americans through regulation of trade, settlement, and land purchases on the western frontier. https://quizlet.com/6416914/apush-vocabulary-1763-1775-flash-cards/ Mercantilism The belief that there is a limited amount of wealth in the world, and that a country should do everything to try to get as much of that wealth as possible. https://quizlet.com/51741630/apush-chapter-8-1790-1820-first-12-flash-cards/ (Related) Mercantilism an economic system (Europe in 18th C) to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests https://quizlet.com/51741630/apush-chapter-8-1790-1820-first-12-flash-cards/ (Related) mercantilism the economic theory that all parts of a nation's or empire's economy should be coordinated for the good of the whole state/empire; hence, that colonial economic welfare should be try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) subordinated to that of the imperial power. (This system was embraced by the British and opposed by many colonists who believed they were being used for the mother country's sole benefit). Remember: there were advantages for the colonists as wellNote: British mercantilism promoted any form of free market in the colonies, including preventing them from printing their own paper money. One of the ways in which mercantilism harmed the colonial economy was by inhibiting the development of banking and paper currency in the colonies.British mercantilism enforced restrictions on colonial manufacturing, trade, and paper currency. https://quizlet.com/51741630/apush-chapter-8-1790-1820-first-12-flash-cards/ (Related) neomercantilism system of government assisted economic development. Instead of mother country and country, it's government/big company and little company. https://quizlet.com/51741630/apush-chapter-8-1790-1820-first-12-flash-cards/ (Related) Mercantilism Economic philosophy or practice in which England established the colonies to provide raw materials to the Mother Country; the colonies received manufactured goods in return. https://quizlet.com/51741630/apush-chapter-8-1790-1820-first-12-flash-cards/ Sugar Act (1764) First law ever passed by the crown for raising tax revenue in the colonists for the crown. Duty on imported sugar from the West Indies. Lowered substantially in response to widespread protests. https://quizlet.com/6848514/apush-vocab-927-1-25-flash-cards/ (Related) Sugar Act law passed by the British Parliament setting taxes on molasses and sugar imported by the colonies https://quizlet.com/6848514/apush-vocab-927-1-25-flash-cards/ (Related) Sugar Act (1764) The first parliamentary act bent on turning a revenue in the colonies. This law cut the tariff on Molasses in half, and levied new taxes on imports of foreign textiles, wine, coffee, indigo, and sugar. https://quizlet.com/6848514/apush-vocab-927-1-25-flash-cards/ (Related) Sugar Act of 1764 First law passed by Parliament that raised tax revenues in the colonies for the crown. It increased duty on foreign sugar imported from the West Indies. https://quizlet.com/6848514/apush-vocab-927-1-25-flash-cards/ (Related) Sugar Act 1764 tax on imports (sugar, coffee, wine, and other colonial imports) effects; price of goods went up, James Otis "No taxation with out representation" https://quizlet.com/6848514/apush-vocab-927-1-25-flash-cards/ Stamp Act Congress, 1765 Attempted to unite all the colonies against a common enemy (the Stamp Act/Britain), but only achieved having 9 colonies attend. https://quizlet.com/4126159/ap-us-history-road-to-revolution-flash-cards/ (Related) Stamp Act congress gathered in New York City in October of 1765 and issued a set of resolutions protesting the loss of American "rights and liberties" https://quizlet.com/4126159/ap-us-history-road-to-revolution-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Stamp Act Congress of 1765 Colonists outcried against the stamp tax. In 1765 there formed a Stamp Act Congress which gathered in New York City, 27 delegates from nine colonies. The members debated and then drew up a statement of their rights and grievences and asked the king and Parliament to repeal the offensive legislation.Beginning of the steps toward intercolonial unity. https://quizlet.com/4126159/ap-us-history-road-to-revolution-flash-cards/ (Related) Stamp Act Congress A group of colonial representatives meeting in New Jersey to discuss the legality of the Stamp Act. Was called together by the Massachusetts circular letter. https://quizlet.com/4126159/ap-us-history-road-to-revolution-flash-cards/ (Related) Stamp Act Congress A meeting of delegations from many of the colonies, the congress was formed to protest the newly passed Stamp Act in 1765. It adopted a declaration of rights as well as sent letters of complaints to the king and parliament; the first sign of colonial unity and organized resistance. https://quizlet.com/4126159/ap-us-history-road-to-revolution-flash-cards/ Patrick Henry Made a dramatic speech to the Virginia House of Burgesses in May 1765. "Virginia Resolves" were his resolutions for the colonies on taxes. No taxing unless by the Virginia House. https://quizlet.com/264697/apush-flashcards-flash-cards/ (Related) Patrick Henry a leader of the American Revolution and a famous orator who spoke out against British rule of the American colonies (1736-1799), "Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death" https://quizlet.com/264697/apush-flashcards-flash-cards/ (Related) Patrick Henry One of the politicians who helped the movement to Independence in Virginia during the 1770s, he's one of the Founding Fathers, and led oppositions to many of the oppressive Acts. Known for "Give me Laverty or give me Death!" https://quizlet.com/264697/apush-flashcards-flash-cards/ (Related) Patrick Henry Patrick Henry was the American orator who urged colonists to take up arms against the British, proclaiming, "I know not what course others may take; but as for me... give me liberty or give me death!" https://quizlet.com/264697/apush-flashcards-flash-cards/ Benjamin Franklin Symbol of the American Enlightenment for his efforts to improve society through science, inventions, and civic organizations. Ran away as a boy, built a successful printing business, printing most notably "Poor Richard's Almanack". Published his own "Snake Device", considered the first political cartoon in the colonies https://quizlet.com/1186210/ap-us-history-chapter-5-flash-cards/ (Related) Benjamin Franklin American public official, writer, scientist, and printer. After the success of his Poor Richard's Almanac (1732-1757), he entered politics and played a major part in the American Revolution. He negotiated French support for the colonists, signed the Treaty of Paris (1783), and helped draft the Constitution (1787-1789). His numerous scientific and practical innovations include the lightning rod, bifocal spectacles, and a stove. https://quizlet.com/1186210/ap-us-history-chapter-5-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Benjamin Franklin He owned a successful printing and publishing company in Philadelphia. He conducted studies of electricity, invented bifocal glasses, the lighting rod, and the stove. He was a important diplomat and statesman and eventually signed the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States. https://quizlet.com/1186210/ap-us-history-chapter-5-flash-cards/ (Related) Benjamin Franklin American public official, writer, scientist, and printer. After the success of his Poor Richard's Almanac (1732-1757), he entered politics and played a major part in the American Revolution. Franklin negotiated French support for the colonists, signed the Treaty of Paris (1783), and helped draft the Constitution (1787-1789). His numerous scientific and practical innovations include the lightning rod, bifocal spectacles, and a stove. https://quizlet.com/1186210/ap-us-history-chapter-5-flash-cards/ (Related) Benjamin Franklin During the Revolutionary War, Benjamin Franklin served as an ambassador to France. Franklin was the oldest delegate to the Constitutional Convention and his advice proved crucial in the drafting of the Constitution. Franklin has often been held up as the paradigm of Enlightenment throughout in Colonial America because of his contributions to the fields of science and philosophy https://quizlet.com/1186210/ap-us-history-chapter-5-flash-cards/ Declaratory Act of 1766 1766 Parliament repealed the Stamp Act and passed this act which reaffirmed Parliament's right to "bind" the colonies. Line in sand drawn. https://quizlet.com/1136635/apush-ch-34-flash-cards/ (Related) Declaratory Act (1766) Passed alongside the repeal of the Stamp Act. It reaffirmed Parliament's unqualified sovereignty over the North American colonies. https://quizlet.com/1136635/apush-ch-34-flash-cards/ (Related) Declaratory Act In 1766, the English Parliament repealed the Stamp Act and at the same time signed the Declaratory Act. This document stated that Parliament had the right "to bind" the colonies "in all cases whatsoever." It is important in history because it stopped the violence and rebellions against the tax on stamps. Also, it restarted trade with England, which had temporarily stopped as a defiant reaction to the Stamp Act. https://quizlet.com/1136635/apush-ch-34-flash-cards/ (Related) Declaratory Act Act passed in 1766 just after the repeal of the Stamp Act. Stated that Parliament could legislate for the colonies in all cases. https://quizlet.com/1136635/apush-ch-34-flash-cards/ (Related) Declaratory Act Parliament has right to make laws w/o colonial consent; is introduced after parliament repeals Stamp Act https://quizlet.com/1136635/apush-ch-34-flash-cards/ Quartering Act, 1765 Forced colonists to house British. Anger developed at Britain and the soldiers, as they had no purpose in being in the colonies https://quizlet.com/23138950/apush-vocab-1763-1775-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Quartering Act Was an act enforced by the British on their North American colonies. It required colonist to provide adequate housing and basic necessities like food to the troops. https://quizlet.com/23138950/apush-vocab-1763-1775-flash-cards/ (Related) Quartering Act 1765Measure required that certain colonies provide food and quarters to the British troops. https://quizlet.com/23138950/apush-vocab-1763-1775-flash-cards/ (Related) Quartering Act In 1765 required the colonials to provide food, lodging, and supplies for the British troops in the colonies in order to cut down maintenance cost of the colonial garrison. IT angered many colonists, and influenced the third amendment. https://quizlet.com/23138950/apush-vocab-1763-1775-flash-cards/ (Related) Quartering act March 24, 1765 - Required the colonials to provide food, lodging, and supplies for the British troops in the colonies. https://quizlet.com/23138950/apush-vocab-1763-1775-flash-cards/ Townshend Acts Taxes various practical goods https://quizlet.com/98981240/apush-chapter-6-flash-cards/ (Related) Townshend Acts (1767) External/ indirect levies on glass, white lead, paper, and tea, the proceeds of which were used to pay colonial governors who had previously been paid directly by colonial assemblies. Sparked another wave of protests. https://quizlet.com/98981240/apush-chapter-6-flash-cards/ (Related) Townshend Acts In 1767 "Champagne Charley" Townshend persuaded Parliament to pass the Townshend Acts. These acts put a light import duty on such things as glass, lead, paper, and tea. The acts met slight protest from the colonists, who found ways around the taxes such as buying smuggled tea. Due to its minute profits, the Townshend Acts were repealed in 1770, except for the tax on tea. The tax on tea was kept to keep alive the principle of Parliamentary taxation. https://quizlet.com/98981240/apush-chapter-6-flash-cards/ (Related) Townshend Acts tax on glass, tea, and paper; provided for search of private homes for smuggled goods; to pay crown officials in the colonies; suspended new York's assembly for that colony's defiance of the Quartering Act. https://quizlet.com/98981240/apush-chapter-6-flash-cards/ Vice Admiralty Courts made to settle disputes between merchants and seamen, judges were paid extra to find people guilty https://quizlet.com/1228916/ap-us-history-chapter-7-flash-cards/ (Related) Admiralty Courts horrible british courts in america. juries were not allowed, and the burden of proof was on the defendant. used to strictly enforce taxes. https://quizlet.com/1228916/ap-us-history-chapter-7-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Admiralty Courts courts held outside of the colonies in which they had no jury, held the burden of proof, and was considered guilty until proven innocent; this was a great example of the colonists' basic rights as Englishmen gradually disappearing https://quizlet.com/1228916/ap-us-history-chapter-7-flash-cards/ (Related) Vice-Admiralty Courts military tribunals composed only of a judge, not local common-law jury, Sugar Act required that offenders be tried in these courts rather than local courts, provoking opposition from smugglers accustomed to acquittal before sympathetic local juries https://quizlet.com/1228916/ap-us-history-chapter-7-flash-cards/ (Related) Admiralty Courts Used to try offenders for violating various Navigation Acts passed by the crown after the French and Indian War. Colonists argued that the courts encroached on their rights as Englishmen since they lacked juries and placed the burden of proof [on] the accused. https://quizlet.com/1228916/ap-us-history-chapter-7-flash-cards/ In the face of economic shortages and the British military occupation of some regions, men and women mobilized in large numbers to provide financial and material support to the Patriot movement. Maryland Committee of CorrespondenceMinutemen of Massachussetts https://quizlet.com/96928807/apush-key-concepts-3-cont-flash-cards/ Radical Whigs A group of British political commentators, who feared the threat to liberty posed by the power of the monarchs. Mounted attacks on the use of patronage and bribes by the king's ministers. They also warned the citizens to guard themselves against corruption. https://quizlet.com/51910765/apush-chapter-7-flash-cards/ (Related) Radical Whigs Second idea that shaped American political though derived from British political commentators. The Whigs feared that the liberty of the people was threatened by the whim of the monarch. https://quizlet.com/51910765/apush-chapter-7-flash-cards/ (Related) Radical Whigs a group of British political commentators, made attacks on the use of patronage and bribes by the king's ministers. they warned citizens to be on guard for possible corruption. https://quizlet.com/51910765/apush-chapter-7-flash-cards/ (Related) How did the Radical Whigs influence the American colonists? Warning citizens to be on guard against corruption and to be eternally vigilant against possible conspiracies to deny them of hard won liberties, Radical Whigs predisposed American colonists to be on hair-trigger alert to any threat to their rights. https://quizlet.com/51910765/apush-chapter-7-flash-cards/ (Related) Radical Whigs British political commentators whose ideas fundamentally shaped American political thought. https://quizlet.com/51910765/apush-chapter-7-flash-cards/ (Related) Radical Whigs beliefs Whigs feared liberty was being threatened by the power of the monarch and ministers related to elected representatives in Parliament. try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) https://quizlet.com/51910765/apush-chapter-7-flash-cards/ (Related) Radical Whigs disliked... King's minsters used patronage and bribes, which were symptoms of moral failure in society called corruption. Whigs warned citizens that corruption would rob them of their hard earned liberties. https://quizlet.com/51910765/apush-chapter-7-flash-cards/ Sons of Liberty A radical political organization for colonial independence which formed in 1765 after the passage of the Stamp Act. They incited riots and burned the customs houses where the stamped British paper was kept. After the repeal of the Stamp Act, many of the local chapters formed the Committees of Correspondence which continued to promote opposition to British policies towards the colonies. The Sons leaders included Samuel Adams and Paul Revere. https://quizlet.com/47827779/apush-2-flash-cards/ (Related) Sons of Liberty A radical political organization for colonial independence which formed in 1765 after the passage of the Stamp Act. They incited riots and burned the customs houses where the stamped British paper was kept. After the repeal of the Stamp Act, many of the local chapters formed the Committees of Correspondence which continued to promote opposition to British policies towards the colonies. The Sons leaders included Samuel Adams and Paul Revere.-One of many rebellion groups against the british -Caused a lot of conflictEventually helped clones gain freedom https://quizlet.com/47827779/apush-2-flash-cards/ (Related) Sons of Liberty An organization established in 1765, these members (usually in the middle or upper class) resisted the Stamp Act of 765. Even though the Stamp Act was repealed in 1766, the Sons of Liberty combined with the Daughters of Liberty remained active in resistance movements. https://quizlet.com/47827779/apush-2-flash-cards/ (Related) Sons of Liberty A radical political organization for colonial independence which formed in 1765 after the passage of the Stamp Act. They incited riots and burned the customs houses where the stamped British paper was kept. After the repeal of the Stamp Act, many of the local chapters formed the Committees of Correspondence which continued to promote opposition to British policies towards the colonies. The Sons leaders included Samuel Adams and Paul Revere. https://quizlet.com/47827779/apush-2-flash-cards/ (Related) Sons of Liberty A radical political organization for colonial independence which formed in 1765 after the passage of the Stamp Act. They incited riots and burned the customs houses where the stamped British paper was kept. After the repeal of the Stamp Act, many of the local chapters formed the Committees of Correspondence which continued to promote opposition to British policies towards the colonies. The Sons leaders included Samuel Adams and Paul Revere. https://quizlet.com/47827779/apush-2-flash-cards/ Daughters of Liberty An organization formed by women prior to the American Revolution They got together to protest treatment of the colonies by their British Rulers. They also had a large influence during the war, although not as large an influence as the sons of liberty. For example, in the countryside, while Patriots supported the non-importation movements of 1765, and 1769, the Daughters of Liberty continued to support American resistance. They helped end the try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) Stamp Act in 1766. In 1774, the patriot women helped influence a decision made by the Continental Congress to boycott all British goods. https://quizlet.com/1228916/ap-us-history-chapter-7-flash-cards/ (Related) Sons and Daughters of Liberty Led by Sam Adams and John Hancock. They led mobs to harass English soldiers, tar and feathered loyalists and destroyed stamp offices. They even killed stamp collectors. https://quizlet.com/1228916/ap-us-history-chapter-7-flash-cards/ (Related) Sons and Daughters of Liberty male and female organizations that enforced the nonimportation agreements, sometimes by coercive means https://quizlet.com/1228916/ap-us-history-chapter-7-flash-cards/ (Related) Daughters of Liberty This orginization supported the boycott of British goods. They urged Americans to wear homemade fabrics and produce other goods that were previously available only from Britain. They believed that way, the American colonies would become economically independent. https://quizlet.com/1228916/ap-us-history-chapter-7-flash-cards/ Committees of Correspondence Samuel Adams started the first committee in Boston in 1772 to spread propaganda and secret information by way of letters. They were used to sustain opposition to British policy. The committees were extremely effective and a few years later almost every colony had one. This is another example of the colonies breaking away from Europe to become Americans. https://quizlet.com/16636603/apush-chapter-6-1750-1776-flash-cards/ (Related) Committees of Correspondence Committees formed in Massachusetts and other colonies in the pre-Revolutionary period to keep Americans informed about British measures that would affect the colonies. https://quizlet.com/16636603/apush-chapter-6-1750-1776-flash-cards/ (Related) Committees of Correspondence (1772) Organized by patriot leader Samuel Adams, was a system of communication between patriot leaders in New England and throughout the colonies. They provided the organization necessary to unite the colonies in opposition to Parliament. The committees sent delegates to the First Continental Congress. https://quizlet.com/16636603/apush-chapter-6-1750-1776-flash-cards/ (Related) Committees of Correspondence Organization founded by Samuel Adams consisting of a system of communication between patriot leaders in New England and throughout the colonies https://quizlet.com/16636603/apush-chapter-6-1750-1776-flash-cards/ (Related) Committees of Correspondence Committees of Correspondence, organized by patriot leader Samuel Adams, was a system of communication between patriot leaders in New England and throughout the colonies. They provided the organization necessary to unite the colonies in opposition to Parliament. The committees sent delegates to the First Continental Congress. https://quizlet.com/16636603/apush-chapter-6-1750-1776-flash-cards/ Nonimportation Agreements (1765 and after) Boycotts against British goods adopted in response to the Stamp Act and later, The Townshend and Intolerable Acts. The agreements were the most effective form of protest against British policies in the colonies. https://quizlet.com/51910765/apush-chapter-7-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Nonimportation agreements Congress adopted these agreements against British goods. Colonists stopped buying British goods and started making their own clothes. These agreements brought colonial unity and united the American people for the first time. https://quizlet.com/51910765/apush-chapter-7-flash-cards/ (Related) Nonimportation Agreements and Colonial Unity The agreements allowed common men and women to participate in colonial protests. People who stood on the sidelines could sign petitions that supported the boycotts. Public defiance helped spread the resistance through out the society. https://quizlet.com/51910765/apush-chapter-7-flash-cards/ Boston Massacre An event that killed five Boston colonist by British troops. It was sparked by a colonial rebellion in result of British taxes and the British opened fire. https://quizlet.com/10738470/ap-us-history-flash-cards/ (Related) Boston Massacre The first bloodshed of the American Revolution, as British guards at the Boston Customs House opened fire on a crowd killing five americans https://quizlet.com/10738470/ap-us-history-flash-cards/ (Related) Boston Massacre In March 1770, a crowd of colonists protested against British customs agents and the presence of British troops in Boston. Violence flared and five colonists were killed. https://quizlet.com/10738470/ap-us-history-flash-cards/ (Related) Boston Massacre (1770) An incident in which British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists who were teasing and taunting them; five colonists were killed. Historical Significance:Boston's radicals used to incident to wage an Anti-British propaganda war. https://quizlet.com/10738470/ap-us-history-flash-cards/ Boston Tea Party (1773) in protest of the Tea Act, a band of colonists, led by Sam Adams, disguised as Indians, rowed out to the boat and dumped the tea chests into the harbor. Generally approved by colonists https://quizlet.com/2003914/apush-1763-1775-flash-cards/ (Related) Boston Tea Party Was a reaction by the colonists of the British. The colonist disguised as Indians boarded a British ship and threw tea into the harbor on December 16, 1773. https://quizlet.com/2003914/apush-1763-1775-flash-cards/ (Related) Boston Tea Party On December 16th, 1773, a group of artisans and laborers disguised as Indians boarded the Dartmouth and dumped 342 chests of tea into Boston harbor in protest of the Tea Act https://quizlet.com/2003914/apush-1763-1775-flash-cards/ (Related) Boston Tea Party a 1773 protest in which colonists dressed as Indians dumped British tea into Boston harbor https://quizlet.com/2003914/apush-1763-1775-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Boston Tea Party On December 16, 1773, a band of Bostonians, disguised as Indians, boarded the ships and dumped the tea into the sea. (Boston Tea Party) https://quizlet.com/2003914/apush-1763-1775-flash-cards/ Regulator Movement movement in North Carolina that was an insurrection against eastern domination of colony's affairs; spearheaded by Scots-Irish; many who participated in this later joined American revolutionaries (including presidents, ex. Andrew Jackson) https://quizlet.com/2800718/ap-us-history-terms-test-2-flash-cards/ (Related) Regulator Movement A movement during the 1760's by western North Carolinians, mainly Scots-Irish, who resented the way that the Eastern part of the state dominated political affairs. They believed that the tax money was being unevenly distributed. Many of its members joined the American Revolutionists. https://quizlet.com/2800718/ap-us-history-terms-test-2-flash-cards/ (Related) Regulator Movement (1764-1771) Uprising in North Carolina, lower class citizens took up arms against corrupt colonial officials who took advantage of the system. https://quizlet.com/2800718/ap-us-history-terms-test-2-flash-cards/ (Related) Regulator Movement It was a movement during the 1760's by western North Carolinians, mainly Scots-Irish, that resented the way that the Eastern part of the state dominated political affairs. They believed that the tax money was being unevenly distributed. Many of its members joined the American Revolutionists. https://quizlet.com/2800718/ap-us-history-terms-test-2-flash-cards/ Paxton Boys had a march on Philadelphia in 1764, protesting Quaker tolerance of Indians; the ScotsIrish had a large role in this group https://quizlet.com/5910272/chapter-5-apush-toy-flash-cards/ (Related) Paxton Boys 1763: Scots-Irish farmers who were upset by disputes over western land; In western pennsylvania leads to the paxton boys killing 20 peaceful indians. When the quaker government tried to try and punish them, mobs marched on philadelphia and Ben Franklin has to stop it. Feeling of racial hatred/resentment arise; first conflict of western expansion https://quizlet.com/5910272/chapter-5-apush-toy-flash-cards/ (Related) Paxton Boys They were a group of Scots-Irish men living in the Appalachian hills that wanted protection from Indian attacks. They made an armed march on Philadelphia in 1764. They protested the lenient way that the Quakers treated the Indians. Their ideas started the Regulator Movement in North Carolina. https://quizlet.com/5910272/chapter-5-apush-toy-flash-cards/ (Related) Paxton Boys They were a group of Scots-Irish men living in the Appalachian hills that wanted protection from Indian attacks. They made an armed march on Philadelphia in 1764. They protested the lenient way that the Quakers treated the Indians. Their ideas started the Regulator Movement in North Carolina. https://quizlet.com/5910272/chapter-5-apush-toy-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Paxton Boys A mob of Pennsylvania Scots-Irish Immigrants who led a revolt to protest colonial policies towards Native Americans https://quizlet.com/5910272/chapter-5-apush-toy-flash-cards/ First Continental Congress A convention of delegates from twelve of the thirteen colonies (not the Province of Georgia) that met on September 5, 1774 at Carpenter's Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania as a response to the Coercive (Intolerable Acts). The First Continental Congress was significant because the boycotts were successful (non exportation of goods to Britian, West Indies nonimportation of British goods). Also, the Second Continental Congress was a result. https://quizlet.com/102739510/apush-chapter-5-flash-cards/ (Related) First Continental Congress (1774) All colonies but Georgia went to this Congress in Philadelphia in 1774 to determine how the colonies should react to what, from their viewpoint, seemed to pose an alarming threat to their rights and liberties; no talk of secession from England, just wanted to protest parliamentary acts and restore the relationship they had with Britain before the French and Indian War https://quizlet.com/102739510/apush-chapter-5-flash-cards/ (Related) First Continental Congress 1774--PhiladelphiaMet to discuss their concerns over Parliament's dissoltions of the New York (for refusing to pay to quarter troops), Massachusetts (for the Boston Tea Party), and Virginia Assemblies. It rejected the plan for a unified colonial government, stated grievances against the crown called the Declaration of Rights, resolved to prepare militias, and created the Continental Association to enforce a new non-importation agreement through Committees of Vigilence. In response, in February, 1775, Parliament declared the colonies to be in rebellion https://quizlet.com/102739510/apush-chapter-5-flash-cards/ (Related) First Continental Congress Delagates from all colonies except georgia met to discuss problems with britain and to promote independence https://quizlet.com/102739510/apush-chapter-5-flash-cards/ 73-Battle of Bunker Hill -Bunker Hill was an American post overlooking Boston; the stronghold allowed Americans to contain General Gage and his troops.-Colonists twice turned back a British frontal assault; held off British untilBunker Hill force ran out of ammunition and was overrun.-American's strong defince led to strengthened morale-June 17, 1775 https://quizlet.com/7897277/apush-bunker-hill-doi-flash-cards/ (Related) Battle of Bunker Hill May 1775Tiny American force under Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold surprised and captured the British garrisons at Ticonderoga and Crown Point in Upper New York.Gunpowder and artillary for the siege at Boston was obtained.June 1775 Colonists siezed Bunker Hill (Breed's Hill).Americans numbering 1500 soldiers slaughtered the advancing redcoats. Colonists were short on gunpowder and were foced to abandon the hill. https://quizlet.com/7897277/apush-bunker-hill-doi-flash-cards/ (Related) Battle of Bunker Hill (June 17, 1775; First major battle of the Revolutionary War) After a bloody battle in which many British redcoats were killed, the Americans were forced to withdraw after running out of ammunition, and Bunker Hill was in British hands. Significance: the Americans could hold their own, but the British were not easy to defeat. (Note: The battle actually occurred on Breed's Hill, not Bunker Hill.) try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) https://quizlet.com/7897277/apush-bunker-hill-doi-flash-cards/ (Related) Battle of Bunker Hill First major battle, showed that the Americans had a big potential to win, but the British were not that easy to defeat. the Americans were forced to withdraw after running out of ammunition, and Bunker Hill was in British hands. But the British had many more deaths. https://quizlet.com/7897277/apush-bunker-hill-doi-flash-cards/ (Related) Battle of Bunker Hill First major battle of the Revolutions. It showed that the Americans could hold their own, but the British were also not easy to defeat. Ultimately, the Americans were forced to withdraw after running out of ammunition, and Bunker Hill was in British hands. However, the British suffered more deaths. https://quizlet.com/7897277/apush-bunker-hill-doi-flash-cards/ Battles of Lexington and Concord the British soldiers were coming to confiscate military supplies stockpiled at Concord, but Bostonians had already warned Concord; when the British arrived at Lexington, militia men were mustered on the common, and withdrew because they could not fight; the British attacked and killed a few men, so Concord retaliated and chased the British back to Boston in a running battle and camped outside of the city for almost a year along with militias from around the country https://quizlet.com/6930215/chapter-7-8-apush-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) The Battles of Lexington and Concord The battles of Lexington and Concord initiated the Revolutionary War between the American colonists and the British. British governor Thomas Gage sent troops to Concord to stop the colonists who were loading arms. The next day, on April 19, 1775, the first shots were fired in Lexington, starting the war. The battles resulted in a British retreat to Boston https://quizlet.com/6930215/chapter-7-8-apush-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Battles of Lexington and Concord 1775 https://quizlet.com/6930215/chapter-7-8-apush-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Battles of Lexington and Concord These battles initiated the Revolutionary War between the American colonists and the British. British governor Thomas Gage sent troops to Concord to stop the colonists who were loading arms. The next day, on April 19, 1775, the first shots were fired in Lexington, starting the war. The battles resulted in a British retreat to Boston https://quizlet.com/6930215/chapter-7-8-apush-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Lexington and Concord the first battle of the American Revolution (April 19, 1775), first "battles"; meant to get suppies from militia, but shots exchanged between minutemen and the british as the british continued to concord; Americans ambushed british, killing 300 https://quizlet.com/6930215/chapter-7-8-apush-vocab-flash-cards/ Second Continental Congress Met in Philadelphia three weeks after the battles of Lexington and Concord. Delegates from all colonies, except Georgia, who had not yet sent a representative, met and agreed to support the war, although they did not agree with the purpose of it. There were two sides, at one extreme was a group led by John and Samuel Adams, Richard Henry Lee, and others, these people had already favored independence and wanted to gain it from the war. At the other end of the extreme was a group led by such moderates like John Dickinson who hoped for a quick reconciliation with Great Britian. https://quizlet.com/6569629/apush-chapter-8-vocab-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Second Continental Congress intercolonial assembly that met in Philadelphia on May 10, 1775; all thirteen colonies were represented; still wanted to just get British acts repealed and wrote new appeals to British people and king, but raised money to create an army and navy https://quizlet.com/6569629/apush-chapter-8-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Second Continental Congress The Second Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that met beginning on May 10, 1775, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, soon after warfare in the American Revolutionary War had begun. It succeeded the First Continental Congress, which met briefly during 1774, also in Philadelphia. The second Congress managed the colonial war effort, and moved incrementally towards independence, adopting the United States Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. By raising armies, directing strategy, appointing diplomats, and making formal treaties, the Congress acted as the de facto national government of what became the United States.[1] With the ratification of the Articles of Confederation, the Congress became known as the Congress of the Confederation. https://quizlet.com/6569629/apush-chapter-8-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Second Continental Congress-(1775-1781) Representative body of delegates from all thirteen colonies. Drafted the Declaration of Independence and managed the colonial war effort. https://quizlet.com/6569629/apush-chapter-8-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Second Continental Congress (May 1775-March 1780) The Second Continental Congress convened on May 10, 1775. The Congress took on governmental duties and united all the colonies for the war effort. On July 4, 1776, they adopted the Declaration of Independence. https://quizlet.com/6569629/apush-chapter-8-vocab-flash-cards/ "common sense" was published on january 10th, 1776 (anonymously) https://quizlet.com/6539509/apush-chapter-8-of-american-pageant-flash-cards/ (Related) Common Sense Common Sense written in 1776 was one of the most potent pamphlets ever written. It called for the colonists to realize their mistreatment and push for independence from England. The author Thomas Paine introduced such ideas as nowhere in the universe sis a smaller heavenly body control a larger. For this reason their is no reason for England to have control over the vast lands of America. The pamphlet with its high-class journalism as well as propaganda sold a total of 120,000 copies within a few months. https://quizlet.com/6539509/apush-chapter-8-of-american-pageant-flash-cards/ (Related) Why was Common Sense important? A pamphlet written in America by Englishman Thomas Paine, published on January 10, 1776. It called for American independence and a union of the American colonies, and as propaganda, it influenced colonists to pursue both in the Revolutionary War. https://quizlet.com/6539509/apush-chapter-8-of-american-pageant-flash-cards/ (Related) Thomas Paine and Common Sense an English man who moved to America and wrote a pamphlet that explained why Americans should not be angry at parliament, after all the problem was really in the English constitution, which had apparently caused harm to its own people and could not govern another area. The pamphlet was very popular in the colonies were 100, 000 copies were sold in a few months, and helped create support for the idea of American independence https://quizlet.com/6539509/apush-chapter-8-of-american-pageant-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Common Sense • Thomas Paine published the pamphlet Common Sense in 1776, in which argued that the colonists should free themselves from British rule and establish an independent government based on Enlightenment ideals - one that would protect man's natural rights. Common Sense became so popular that many historians credit it with dissolving the final barriers to the fight for independence. https://quizlet.com/6539509/apush-chapter-8-of-american-pageant-flash-cards/ Valley Forge In Pennsylvania where Washington's army spent the winter of 1777-1778, a 4th of troops died here from disease and malnutriton, Steuben comes and trains troops https://quizlet.com/2982554/chapter-6-ap-us-history-flash-cards/ (Related) Valley Forge (1777-1778) encampment where George Washington's poorly equipped army spent a long, freezing winter. Hundreds of men died and over a thousand deserted. Reflected the main weakness of the American army: lack of stable supplies and munitions. https://quizlet.com/2982554/chapter-6-ap-us-history-flash-cards/ (Related) Valley Forge Place where Washington's army spent the winter of 1777-1778, a 4th of troops died here from disease and malnutriton, Steuben comes and trains troops https://quizlet.com/2982554/chapter-6-ap-us-history-flash-cards/ (Related) 192. Major battles: Saratoga, Valley Forge In 1777, British General John Burgoyne attacked southward from Canada along the Hudson Valley in New York, hoping to link up with General Howe in New York City, thereby cutting the colonies in half. Burgoyne was defeated by American General Horatio Gates on October 17, 1777, at the Battle of Saratoga, surrendering the entire British Army of the North. Valley Forge was not a battle; it was the site where the Continental Army camped during the winter of 1777- '78, after its defeats at the Battles of the Brandywine and Germantown. The Continental Army suffered further casualties at Valley Forge due to cold and disease. Washington chose the site because it allowed him to defend the Continental Congress if necessary, which was then meeting in York, Pennsylvania after the British capture of Philadelphia. https://quizlet.com/2982554/chapter-6-ap-us-history-flash-cards/ The Battle of Saratoga October 17, 1777 - The battle took place in New York. The British were outnumbered and were forced to surrender. The colonist victory was a turning point in the war because it inspired the French to help the colonists fight the British. https://quizlet.com/2874194/apush-unit-2-flash-cards/ (Related) Battle of Saratoga Turning point of the American Revolution. It was very important because it convinced the French to give the U.S. military support. It lifted American spirits, ended the British threat in New England by taking control of the Hudson River, and, most importantly, showed the French that the Americans had the potential to beat their enemy, Great Britain.1777 https://quizlet.com/2874194/apush-unit-2-flash-cards/ (Related) Battle of Saratoga After Burgoyne had captured Fort Ticonderoga in July 1777 his troops ran into trouble and became exhausted, supplies ran short, etc. He then sent an expedition to Bennington to capture American supplies but a force of New England militia met them and defeated them. his men were surrounded near Saratoga by the Continental Army, he surrendered. This battle was the turning point of the war and convinced France to aid the American cause. https://quizlet.com/2874194/apush-unit-2-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Battle of Saratoga (October 17, 1777) American forces under Horatio Gates forced John Burgoyne to surrender his entire command. Significance: the battle which was the turning point of the Revolution; after the colonists won this major victory, the French decided to support the colonies with money, troops, ships, etc. https://quizlet.com/2874194/apush-unit-2-flash-cards/ (Related) Battle of Saratoga Turning point of the American Revolution. It was very important because it convinced the French to give the U.S. military support. It lifted American spirits, ended the British threat in New England by taking control of the Hudson River, and, most importantly, showed the French that the Americans had the potential to beat their enemy, Great Britain. https://quizlet.com/2874194/apush-unit-2-flash-cards/ Franco-American Alliance 1778 a defensive alliance between the French and Americans formed in the midst of the American Revolution, which promised military support in case case of attack by British forces. It was established by delegates of King Louis XVI of France and the 2nd Continental Congress https://quizlet.com/51758967/ap-us-history-vocabulary-for-chapter-6-flash-cards/ (Related) Franco-American Alliance Alliance made after Battle of Saratoga considered necessary in securing America's victory. https://quizlet.com/51758967/ap-us-history-vocabulary-for-chapter-6-flash-cards/ Declaration of Independence Formally approved by the Congress on July 4, 1776. This "shout heard round the world" has been a source of inspiration to countless revolutionary movements against arbitrary authority. The document sharply separated Loyalists from Patriots and helped to start the American Revolution by allowing England to hear of the colonists disagreements with British authority. https://quizlet.com/6539509/apush-chapter-8-of-american-pageant-flash-cards/ (Related) Declaration of Independence a formal draft of a resolution created by the continental congress, which broke all ties with the independent states of America and the British government and crown, created the idea in America that the colonies were now "states". https://quizlet.com/6539509/apush-chapter-8-of-american-pageant-flash-cards/ (Related) Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence was approved by Congress on July 4, 1776. drafted by Thomas Jefferson, it formalized the colonies' separation from Britain and laid out the Enlightenment values (best expressed by John Locke) of natural rights to "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" upon which the American Revolution was based. https://quizlet.com/6539509/apush-chapter-8-of-american-pageant-flash-cards/ (Related) Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776) Document approved by the Continental Congress that announced the separation of 13 North American British colonies from Britain. The armed conflict during the American Revolution gradually convinced the colonists that separation from Britain was essential. https://quizlet.com/6539509/apush-chapter-8-of-american-pageant-flash-cards/ (Related) What does the Declaration of Independence say? Answer in your own words https://quizlet.com/6539509/apush-chapter-8-of-american-pageant-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Declaration of Independence Document meant to cut all ties with Britain and make the "United States" an official, independent country; consisted of three major parts: preamble, list of 27 grievances of the colonies, formal declaration of independence https://quizlet.com/6539509/apush-chapter-8-of-american-pageant-flash-cards/ Republican Motherhood suggested that women would be responsible for raising/ educating their children to be virtuous citizens of the new American republic https://quizlet.com/13252392/ap-us-history-chapter-7-study-guide-flash-cards/ (Related) 76. Republican Motherhood Date: 1780-1830Historical Era: Critical PeriodDefinition: This was the idea that gave women more purpose to educate and nurture the future of america. It was the women's new job to educate and instill republican ideals in the young minds of the youthSignificance: This gave women more purpose in life and lead to more social importance https://quizlet.com/13252392/ap-us-history-chapter-7-study-guide-flash-cards/ (Related) Republican Motherhood An idea linked to republicanism that elevated the role of women. It gave them the prestigious role as the special keepers of the nation's conscience Its roots were from the idea that a citizen should be to his country as a mother is to her child. https://quizlet.com/13252392/ap-us-history-chapter-7-study-guide-flash-cards/ (Related) republican motherhood selfless devotion of a mother to her family was often cited as the very lmodel of proper republican behavior; elevated women to a newly prestigious role as the special keepers of the nation's conscience https://quizlet.com/13252392/ap-us-history-chapter-7-study-guide-flash-cards/ Articles of Confederation (1781) first American constitution that established the United States as a loose confederation of states under a weak national Congress, whichw as not granted the power to regulate commerce or collect taxes; Articles were replaced by a more efficent Constitution in 1789 https://quizlet.com/4958450/1780s-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) strengths of articles of confederation 1. Governed nation during the American Revolutionary War (raised army, paid soldiers) 2. Negotiated the Treaty of Paris at end of war (established independence from Britain and set boundaries for US) 3. Passed the Land Ordinance of 1785 - (townships and free public education) 4. Passed the Northwest Ordinance how new territory settled and settlers' rights (Outlawed slavery, guaranteed freedom of religion, trial by jury) https://quizlet.com/4958450/1780s-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) weaknesses of articles of confederation Each state had one vote in Congress, Laws must be approved by 9 or 13 states, amendments had to be approved by all 13 states, Congress cannot tax, Congress cannot control trade between states or with foreign countries, No executive or judicial branch, Congress had to ask the states for $ https://quizlet.com/4958450/1780s-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Articles of Confederation try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) This document, the nation's first constitution, was adopted by the Second Continental Congress in 1781 during the Revolution. The document was limited because states held most of the power, and Congress lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or control coinage. https://quizlet.com/4958450/1780s-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Articles of Confederation Adopted in 1777 during the Revolutionary War, the Articles established the United States of America. The Articles granted limited powers to the central government, reserving most powers for the states. The result was a poorly defined national state that couldn't govern the country's finances or maintain stability. The Constitution replaced them in 1789 https://quizlet.com/4958450/1780s-apush-flash-cards/ Constitutional Convention, 1787 In May 1787, Congress called a convention for the purpose of revising the Articles. Representatives from every state except Rhode Island attended; they were mostly propertied men, but they did not shape the constitution for their own financial interests. Sessions were held in secrecy--delegates knew that there would be heated debates and did not want to advertise/spread their arguments. Prominent attendees included George Washington, who served as chairman, James Madison, "the Father of the Constitution", Benjamin Franklin, who added the urbanity of an elder statesman, and Alexander Hamilton, who advocated a powerful central govt. (Jefferson and Adams were away serving at diplomatic posts in Europe; some revolutionary leaders such as P. Henry did not think that the Founding Fathers had the authority to create a new government and therefore boycotted the convention.) At the convention, the FFs came up with a series of compromises. https://quizlet.com/14377059/apush-chapter-6-the-constitution-and-the-new-republic-17871800-flash-cards/ (Related) Constitutional Convention In response to the Annapolis Convention's suggestion, Congress called for the states to send delegates to Philadelphia to amend the Articles of Confederation. Delegates came to the convention in May 1787, and drafted an entirely new framework that would give greater powers to the central government. This document became the Constitution. https://quizlet.com/14377059/apush-chapter-6-the-constitution-and-the-new-republic-17871800-flash-cards/ Northwest Ordinance The 1787 Northwest Ordinance defined the process by which new states could be admitted into the Union from the Northwest Territory. The ordinance forbade slavery in the territory but allowed citizens to vote on the legality of slavery once statehood had been established. The Northwest Ordinance was the most lasting measure of the national government under the Articles of Confederation https://quizlet.com/8686672/ap-us-history-unit-2-flash-cards/ (Related) Northwest Ordinance (1787) created a policy for administering the Northwestern Territories; it included a path to statehood and forbade the expansion of slavery into the territories https://quizlet.com/8686672/ap-us-history-unit-2-flash-cards/ (Related) Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Federal order that divided the Northwest Territory into smaller territories and created a plan for how the territories could become states. https://quizlet.com/8686672/ap-us-history-unit-2-flash-cards/ (Related) Northwest Ordinance 1787 A major success of the Articles of Confederation. Set up the framework of a government for the Northwest territory. The Ordinance provided that the Territory would be divided into 3 to 5 states, outlawed slavery in the Territory, and set 60,000 as the minimum population for statehood. try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) https://quizlet.com/8686672/ap-us-history-unit-2-flash-cards/ (Related) Northwest Ordinance The 1787 Northwest Ordinance defined the process by which new states could be admitted into the Union from the Northwest Territory. He ordinance forbade slavery in the territory but allowed citizens to vote on the legality of slavery once statehood had been established. The Northwest Ordinance was the most lasting measure of the national government under the Articles of Confederation https://quizlet.com/8686672/ap-us-history-unit-2-flash-cards/ Olive branch Petition final peace offer sent by the Second Continental Congress to King George III https://quizlet.com/28655171/apush-id-terms-chapters-5-6-flash-cards/ (Related) "Olive Branch Petition" On July 8, 1775, the colonies made a final offer of peace to Britain, agreeing to be loyal to the British government if it addressed their grievances (repealed the Coercive Acts, ended the taxation without representation policies). It was rejected by Parliament, which in December 1775 passed the American Prohibitory Act forbidding all further trade with the colonies. https://quizlet.com/28655171/apush-id-terms-chapters-5-6-flash-cards/ (Related) Olive Branch Petitionpg. 132Term #1 Who: King George IIIWhat: A final attempt by the Continental Congress to prevent all out war. Affirmed American loyalty to the king and blamed the bloodshed on ministers. This was rejected by the king.Where: 13 Colonies, EnglandWhen: mid-late 1770sWhy: The Olive Branch Petition's rejection symbolized the absolute end of a semi-peaceful relationship between the colonies and England.PERTS: Political-The failure of the petition showed that there was no chance of preventing war and damaged the the standing of loyalists. https://quizlet.com/28655171/apush-id-terms-chapters-5-6-flash-cards/ (Related) Olive Branch Petition Colonists pledged loyalty to king and asked to secure peace and protection of their rights. https://quizlet.com/28655171/apush-id-terms-chapters-5-6-flash-cards/ (Related) Olive Branch Petition (July 8, 1775) The colonies' final offer of peace to Britain, agreeing to be loyal to the British government if it addressed their grievances (repealed the Coercive Acts and ended the taxation without representation policies). However, it was rejected by Parliament. https://quizlet.com/28655171/apush-id-terms-chapters-5-6-flash-cards/ George Washington Virginian, patriot, general, and president. Led the Revolutionary Army in the fight for independence. First President of the United States. He established many of the presidential traditions, including limiting a president's tenure to two terms. He was against political parties and strove for political balance in government by appointing political adversaries to government positions. https://quizlet.com/6539509/apush-chapter-8-of-american-pageant-flash-cards/ (Related) George Washington when Congress recognized the need for a centralized military in America, they chose Washington as the single commander and chief, because of his considerable military experience, being an advocate of independence, and he was admired and trusted by all Patriots. https://quizlet.com/6539509/apush-chapter-8-of-american-pageant-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) George Washington George Washington is called "the father of his country" for his crucial role in fighting for, creating and leading the United States of America in its earliest days. Washington was a surveyor, farmer and soldier who rose to command the Colonial forces in the Revolutionary War. He held the ragtag Continental Army together -- most famously during a frigid encampment at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania during the winter of 1777-78 -- and eventually led them to victory over the British. https://quizlet.com/6539509/apush-chapter-8-of-american-pageant-flash-cards/ (Related) Why was George Washington chosen as general of the American army? He fought in the French and Indian Wars, was a surveyor and a commanding presence. https://quizlet.com/6539509/apush-chapter-8-of-american-pageant-flash-cards/ (Related) George Washington Initially the commander of Virginia's frontier troops, he was a colonel military leader for the British in the French and Indian War (Fort Necessity). Later, he was Commander of the Continental Army during the American Revolution. His greatest achievements were: (1) his surprise victory at Trenton, (2) holding the army together at Valley Forge, and (3) his major victory at Yorktown. https://quizlet.com/6539509/apush-chapter-8-of-american-pageant-flash-cards/ Loyalist/Tories The group of American colonist that remain loyal to the king during and after the American Revolution. When the British lost the war many left the United States. https://quizlet.com/6846106/apush-chapter-5-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Loyal Americans (Tories) Loyal Americans, Loyalists, or Tories were American colonists who remained loyal to the parliament and to the king. Loyalists opposed rebellions against the parliament's various acts and taxes. They also very much hated Thomas Paine's "Common Sense". Loyalist were cultural dissidents and were very much frowned upon my the rest of the colonists. https://quizlet.com/6846106/apush-chapter-5-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Loyalists / Tories The people who remained loyal to England during the Revolutionary war, they were against the Patriots, and there were about 20% of the population when the war was over. https://quizlet.com/6846106/apush-chapter-5-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Tories (Loyalists) (loyal to Britain) - 20% of all colonial whites opposed rebellion- Both Tories and Whigs opposed Parliament's claim to tax colonies- Tories claimed separation was illegal- Tories held a profound reverence for crown https://quizlet.com/6846106/apush-chapter-5-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Victories at Trenton and Princeton - Boosted civilian and military morale- Wedge between loyalist and British army- Many British soldiers looted both the loyalists and Whigs- Forced British to remove their garrisons to NY- NY loyalism significantly decreased https://quizlet.com/6846106/apush-chapter-5-terms-flash-cards/ Battle of Yorktown 1781 The U.S. government fell nearly bankrupt and British General Cornwallis fell back to Chesapeake Bay at Yorktown to await seaborne supplies and reinforcements. With the help of the French, who were in the West Indies, they attacked the British on American soil to take down cornwallis. https://quizlet.com/1162262/apush-ch8-terms-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Battle of Yorktown Last major battle of the Revolutionary War. Cornwallis and his troops were trapped in the Chesapeake Bay by the French fleet. He was sandwiched between the French navy and the American army. He surrendered October 19, 1781. https://quizlet.com/1162262/apush-ch8-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Battle of Yorktown (October 19, 1781; Last major battle of the Revolutionary War) American troops under George Washington and Comte de Rochambeau trapped British troops under Charles Cornwallis and his troops in the Chesapeake Bay, with the help of Admiral de Grasse and the French fleet. Cornwallis was forced to surrender. Significance: although not the last of the fighting, this signified the end of the war. https://quizlet.com/1162262/apush-ch8-terms-flash-cards/ Antifederalists advocated for the States' rights https://quizlet.com/subject/federalists-and-anti-federalists-apush/ (Related) Antifederalists backcountry farmers https://quizlet.com/subject/federalists-and-anti-federalists-apush/ (Related) Antifederalists poor farmers https://quizlet.com/subject/federalists-and-anti-federalists-apush/ (Related) Antifederalists ill- educated and illiterate https://quizlet.com/subject/federalists-and-anti-federalists-apush/ (Related) Antifederalists debtors and paper money advocates https://quizlet.com/subject/federalists-and-anti-federalists-apush/ (Related) Antifederalists In general, the poorer classes of society https://quizlet.com/subject/federalists-and-anti-federalists-apush/ (Related) Antifederalists the articles of confederation were a good plan, they did not need ratification https://quizlet.com/subject/federalists-and-anti-federalists-apush/ (Related) Antifederalists opposed strong central government: opposed a standing army and a 10 square mile federal stronghold (DC) https://quizlet.com/subject/federalists-and-anti-federalists-apush/ (Related) Antifederalists if we had a strong national government, the rights of the common people would be threatened https://quizlet.com/subject/federalists-and-anti-federalists-apush/ (Related) Antifederalists if we had a strong central government, the power of the state would be threatened try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) https://quizlet.com/subject/federalists-and-anti-federalists-apush/ (Related) Antifederalists the constitution favored the wealthy men and preserved their power https://quizlet.com/subject/federalists-and-anti-federalists-apush/ (Related) Antifederalists CONSTITUTION LACKED A BILL OF RIGHTS https://quizlet.com/subject/federalists-and-anti-federalists-apush/ (Related) Antifederalists argued against the 2/3 ratification plan, because according to the Articles you needed unanimous agreement to amend https://quizlet.com/subject/federalists-and-anti-federalists-apush/ (Related) Antifederalists opposed omitting any references to God https://quizlet.com/subject/federalists-and-anti-federalists-apush/ (Related) Antifederalists fearer the government more than the people https://quizlet.com/subject/federalists-and-anti-federalists-apush/ (Related) Antifederalists Sam Adams, Patrick Henry, George Mason https://quizlet.com/subject/federalists-and-anti-federalists-apush/ (Related) Antifederalists Opposed a strong central government, skeptical about undemocratic tendencies in the Constitution, insisted on Bill of Rights; included Thomas Jefferson and James Monroe https://quizlet.com/subject/federalists-and-anti-federalists-apush/ The Federalist (Federalist Papers) written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison; a masterly series of articles for the New York newspapers (commentary on the Consitution; most famous is Madison's No. 10 (refuted the idea that it was impossible to extend a republican form of government over a large territory) https://quizlet.com/3150561/ap-us-history-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Federalist Papers The papers were a collection of essays written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison explaining how the new government/constitution would work. Their purpose was to convince the New York state legislature to ratify the constitution, which it did. https://quizlet.com/3150561/ap-us-history-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Federalist Papers A compilation of articles advocating the ratification of the Constitution, main authors included Alexander Hamilton and James Madison https://quizlet.com/3150561/ap-us-history-terms-flash-cards/ Bill of Rights The Bill of Rights, which consist of the first ten Constitutional Amendments, guarantee certain rights to America citizens in all circumstances. This bill was put forth by AntiFederalists, who feared forms of government intrusion on personal liberties. try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) https://quizlet.com/21245276/chapter-36-apush-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) GI Bill of Rights Also known as Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 gave money to veterans to study in colleges, universities, gave medical treatment, loans to buy a house or farm or start a new business https://quizlet.com/21245276/chapter-36-apush-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Bill Of Rights Although the Anti-Federalists failed to block the ratification of the Constitution, they did ensure that the Bill of Rights would be created to protect individuals from government interference and possible tyranny. The Bill of Rights, drafted by a group led by James Madison, consisted of the first ten amendments to the Constitution, which guaranteed the civil rights of American citizens. https://quizlet.com/21245276/chapter-36-apush-vocab-flash-cards/ Elastic Clause In Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution, Congress is given the right to make all laws "necessary and proper" to carry out the powers expressed in the other clauses of Article I. https://quizlet.com/8901105/apush-unit-3-the-age-of-federalism-flash-cards/ (Related) Elastic Clause It states that Congress has the power "to make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper" for governing the country. This was made due to the fact that no one knew what the country would be like in the future, and therefore this clause gave congress power to adjust to the times in order to preserve the strength of the union. https://quizlet.com/8901105/apush-unit-3-the-age-of-federalism-flash-cards/ (Related) elastic clause the part of the Constitution that permits Congress to make any laws "necessary and proper" to carrying out its powers https://quizlet.com/8901105/apush-unit-3-the-age-of-federalism-flash-cards/ (Related) elastic clause the part of the Constitution that permits Congress to make any laws "necessary and proper" to carrying out its powers https://quizlet.com/8901105/apush-unit-3-the-age-of-federalism-flash-cards/ democratic republicans Led by Thomas Jefferson, believed people should have political power, favored strong STATE governments, emphasized agriculture, strict interpretation of the Constitution, pro-French, opposed National Bank https://quizlet.com/2963617/chapter-10-vocab-apush-flash-cards/ Whiskey Rebellion In 1794, farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey, and several federal officers were killed in the riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest warrants on the offenders. In October, 1794, the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion. The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation to deal with Shay's Rebellion. https://quizlet.com/3290863/apush-vocab-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Whiskey Rebellion A small rebellion, that began in Southwestern Pennsylvania in 1794 that was a challenge to the National Governments unjust use of an excise tax on an "economic medium of exchange" try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) https://quizlet.com/3290863/apush-vocab-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Whiskey Rebellion In 1794, farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey, and several federal officers were killed in the riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest warrants on the offenders. In October, 1794, the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion. The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation to deal with Shay's Rebellion. https://quizlet.com/3290863/apush-vocab-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Whiskey Rebellion In 1794, farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey, and several federal officers were killed in the riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest warrants on the offenders. In October, 1794, the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion. The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation to deal with Shay's Rebellion. https://quizlet.com/3290863/apush-vocab-terms-flash-cards/ Neutrality Proclamation Washington's declaration that the U.S. would not take sides after the French Revolution touched off a war between France and a coalition consisting primarily of England, Austria and Prussia. Washington's Proclamation was technically a violation of the Franco-American Treaty of 1778. https://quizlet.com/3144771/apush-foreign-affairs-in-the-1790s-flash-cards/ (Related) Neutrality Proclamation issued by George Washington, established isolationist policy, proclaimed government's official neutrality in widening European conflicts also warned American citizens about intervening on either side of conflict https://quizlet.com/3144771/apush-foreign-affairs-in-the-1790s-flash-cards/ (Related) Neutrality Proclamation Washington's declaration that the U.S. would not take sides after the French Revolution touched off a war between France and a coalition consisting primarily of England, Austria and Prussia. Washington's Proclamation was technically a violation of the Franco-American Treaty of 1778. https://quizlet.com/3144771/apush-foreign-affairs-in-the-1790s-flash-cards/ (Related) Neutrality Proclamation of 1793 George Washington issued this proclamation shortly after the outbreak of war between Britain and France. It proclaimed the government's official neutrality in the widening conflict but sternly warned American citizens to be impartial to both armed camps. This proclamation proved to be a major prop for the spreading isolationist tradition, but it was enormously controversial (Jeffersonians were enraged because they were pro-French). However, it ended up helping the French anyway, because if America had entered the war on France's side, the British fleets would have blockaded the American coast. That would have cut off the foodstuffs that the US provided to the French West Indies. https://quizlet.com/3144771/apush-foreign-affairs-in-the-1790s-flash-cards/ XYZ Affair 1798 - A commission had been sent to France in 1797 to discuss the disputes that had arisen out of the U.S.'s refusal to honor the Franco-American Treaty of 1778. President Adams had also criticized the French Revolution, so France began to break off relations with the U.S. Adams sent delegates to meet with French foreign minister Talleyrand in the hopes of working things out. Talleyrand's three agents told the American delegates that they could meet with Talleyrand only in exchange for a very large bribe. The Americans did not pay the try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) bribe, and in 1798 Adams made the incident public, substituting the letters "X, Y and Z" for the names of the three French agents in his report to Congress. https://quizlet.com/26745045/apush-vocab-chapter-7-flash-cards/ (Related) XYZ Affair An insult to the American delegation when they were supposed to be meeting French foreign minister, Talleyrand, but instead they were sent 3 officials Adams called "X,Y, and Z" that demanded $250,000 as a bribe to see Talleyrand. https://quizlet.com/26745045/apush-vocab-chapter-7-flash-cards/ (Related) XYZ Affair 3 american delegates sent to France to negotiate, caused by British and French threatening American shipping, French bribe delegates but US leaves https://quizlet.com/26745045/apush-vocab-chapter-7-flash-cards/ (Related) XYZ Affair a diplomatic incident in which American peace commissioners sent to France by John Adams in 1797 were insulted with bribe demands from their three French counterparts (dubbed X, Y, and Z in newspapers); the incident heightened war fever against France https://quizlet.com/26745045/apush-vocab-chapter-7-flash-cards/ (Related) XYZ Affair When the French, outraged by Jay's treaty, begin violating the terms of the Franco-American Treaty of 1778, President John Adams sends over three secret go-betweens to talk with Talleyrand, the French foreign minister. The demanded a bribe of $250,000 in order to merely talk with Talleyrand. This occurrence led to Naval Battles between the two countries. But France, already at battling Britain, realized they did not wish to have one more enemy added to their roster. https://quizlet.com/26745045/apush-vocab-chapter-7-flash-cards/ Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions When: Kentucky Resolutions 1798-1799, Virginia Resolution 1798 Where: Significance: These documents written by James Madison (Virginia) and (Kentucky) supported the idea of having more self government and more They opposed the Alien and Sedition Acts which extended the powers of https://quizlet.com/1388473/ap-us-flash-cards/ Virginia and Kentucky Thomas Jefferson rights for states. the federal national. Alien and Sedition Acts Purpose: federalists/John Adams wanted to silence their/his opponents (DemocraticRepublicans led by Jefferson)Alien Act made it more difficult for foreigners to become US citizens (5 year to 14 year waiting requirement)Sedition Act made it illegal to criticize the government https://quizlet.com/3429798/ap-us-history-chapter-6-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 Contains four parts: 1) Raised the residence requirement for American citizenship from 5 to 14 years. 2) Alien Act - Gave the President the power in peacetime to order any alien out of the country. 3) Alien Enemies Act - permitted the President in wartime to jail aliens when he wanted to. (No arrests made under the Alien Act or the Alien Enemies Act.) 4) The Sedition Act - Key clause provided fines and jail penalties for anyone guilty of sedition. Was to remain in effect until the next Presidential inauguration. https://quizlet.com/3429798/ap-us-history-chapter-6-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Alien and Sedition Acts These consist of four laws passed by the Federalist Congress and signed by President Adams in 1798:- the Naturalization Act, which increased the waiting period for an immigrant to become a citizen from 5 to 14 years- the Alien Act, which empowered the president to arrest try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) and deport dangerous aliens- the Alien Enemy Act, which allowed for the arrest and deportation of citizens of countries at war with the US- the Sedition Act, which made it illegal to publish defamatory statements about the federal government or its officials.The first 3 were enacted in response to the XYZ Affair, and were aimed at French and Irish immigrants, who were considered subversives.The Sedition Act was an attempt to stifle Democratic-Republican opposition, although only 25 people were ever arrested, and only 10 convicted, under the law.The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, which initiated the concept of "nullification" of federal laws were written in response to the Acts. https://quizlet.com/3429798/ap-us-history-chapter-6-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Alien and Sedition ActsCh 8, pg. 239 Alien and Sedition Acts- 1798, passed by Federalists a. Alien Enemies Act- deport foreigners who came from countries that were at war with the U.S b. Alien Friends Actexpel any alien suspected with subversive activities c. Naturalization Act- increased the residency requirement for citizenship to 14 years from 5 years d. Sedition Act- made it a federal crime to conspire against the government or say or print anything against the government e. Impact was that the Federalist were using these to hold onto power https://quizlet.com/3429798/ap-us-history-chapter-6-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Alien and Sedition Acts These consist of four laws passed by the Federalist Congress and signed by President Adams in 1798: the Naturalization Act, which increased the waiting period for an immigrant to become a citizen from 5 to 14 years; the Alien Act, which empowered the president to arrest and deport dangerous aliens; the Alien Enemy Act, which allowed for the arrest and deportation of citizens of countries at was with the US; and the Sedition Act, which made it illegal to publish defamatory statements about the federal government or its officials. The first 3 were enacted in response to the XYZ Affair, and were aimed at French and Irish immigrants, who were considered subversives. The Sedition Act was an attempt to stifle Democratic-Republican opposition, although only 25 people were ever arrested, and only 10 convicted, under the law. The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, which initiated the concept of "nullification" of federal laws were written in response to the Acts. https://quizlet.com/3429798/ap-us-history-chapter-6-apush-flash-cards/ Quasi-War - Undeclared war fought entirely at sea between the United States and France from 1798 to 1800. The French began to seize American ships trading with their British enemies. https://quizlet.com/1337037/ap-us-history-chapter-10-flash-cards/ Revolution of 1800 Jefferson's view of his election to presidency. Jefferson claimed that the election of 1800 represented a return to what he considered the original spirit of the Revolution. Jefferson's goals for his revolution were to restore the republican experiment, check the growth of government power, and to halt the decay of virtue that had set in under Federalist rule. https://quizlet.com/1302820/apush-ch-6-flash-cards/ (Related) Revolution of 1800 Electoral victory of Democratic Republicans over the Federalists, who lost their Congressional majority and the presidency. The peaceful transfer of power between rival parties solidified faith in America's political system https://quizlet.com/1302820/apush-ch-6-flash-cards/ (Related) Revolution of 1800 In the United States Presidential election of 1800, sometimes referred to as the "Revolution of 1800," Vice President Thomas Jefferson defeated incumbent president John Adams. The election was a realigning election that ushered in a generation of DemocraticRepublican Party rule and the eventual demise of the Federalist Party. https://quizlet.com/1302820/apush-ch-6-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) Revolution of 1800 In the United States Presidential election of 1800, sometimes referred to as the "Revolution of 1800," Vice President Thomas Jefferson defeated incumbent president John Adams. The election was a realigning election that ushered in a generation of DemocraticRepublican Party rule and the eventual demise of the Federalist Party. https://quizlet.com/1302820/apush-ch-6-flash-cards/ (Related) Revolution of 1800 Jefferson's view of his election to presidency. Jefferson claimed that the election of 1800 represented a return to what he considered the original spirit of the Revolution. Jefferson's goals for his revolution were to restore the republican experiment, check the growth of government power, and to halt the decay of virtue that had set in under Federalist rule. https://quizlet.com/1302820/apush-ch-6-flash-cards/ (Related) Revolution of 1800 Electoral victory of Democratic Republicans over the Federalists, who lost their Congressional majority and the presidency. The peaceful transfer of power between rival parties solidified faith in America's political system https://quizlet.com/1302820/apush-ch-6-flash-cards/ Louisiana Purchase (1803) Originally, was a meeting to discuss the purchase of the city of New Orleans as means of a port. Napolean was on the verge of war with European powers, and had to forego plans of a vast colony in North America (as well as needing money). Sold the Louisiana territory (then an unknown, massive tract of land) at the cost of $15 million. Doubled the size of the United States at the time, and was a triumph for Jefferson https://quizlet.com/7198728/unit-2-ap-us-history-flash-cards/ (Related) Louisiana Purchase Who: Jefferson Napoleon, committee to purchaseWhat: purchased french land west of M. R for 15millionWhen: 1803Where: Land west of MississippiWhy: jefferson's promise of land, removed foreign nations from borders, doubles size of U.S., switch to being a loose interpretation of constitution https://quizlet.com/7198728/unit-2-ap-us-history-flash-cards/ (Related) Louisiana Purchase The Louisiana Purchase, for a price of $15 dollars, DOUBLED the size of the United States. The transaction went under the presidency of Jackson and the imperial rule of Napoleon. France lost all of its N.A territory in this deal. It began to mark almost pure American dominance of N.A. https://quizlet.com/7198728/unit-2-ap-us-history-flash-cards/ (Related) The Louisiana Purchase U.S. acquisition of the Louisiana territory from France in 1803 for $15 million. The purchase secured American control of the Mississippi river and doubled the size of the nation. https://quizlet.com/7198728/unit-2-ap-us-history-flash-cards/ (Related) Louisiana Purchase • Who: Jefferson & Napoleon• What: US purchased Louisiana territory for $15 million from France. Jefferson employed Presidential Power of Treaty-Making to buy the land since he was not authorized by the govt. to do so. • When: April 30, 1803• Significance: US territory doubled, helped to remove France from Western borders of US. Farmers could no send goods down Mississippi River to New Orleans. Westward expansion created more states with Republican representatives. Opened land to agrarian expansionflJefferson ideology! https://quizlet.com/7198728/unit-2-ap-us-history-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Louisiana Purchase Significance Significance: US territory doubled, helped to remove France from Western borders of US. Farmers could no send goods down Mississippi River to New Orleans. Westward expansion created more states with Republican representatives. Opened land to agrarian expansionflJefferson ideology! https://quizlet.com/7198728/unit-2-ap-us-history-flash-cards/ Impressment British practice of taking American sailors from American ships and forcing them into the British navy; a factor in the War of 1812. https://quizlet.com/1370736/ap-us-history-chapter-11-flash-cards/ (Related) impressment British practice of taking any sailors (not just British) and forcing them into military service if needed in an emergency. Infuriated Jefferson and American merchants https://quizlet.com/1370736/ap-us-history-chapter-11-flash-cards/ (Related) Impressment Colloquially known as "the Press", Impressment was the action of compelling men into a navy by force and without notice. It was used by the Royal Navy between 1664 and the early 1900s. Impressment was a means of crewing warships. Many British merchant sailors, as well as people from other nations were subject to Impressment. Though opposed by many, Impressment was upheld in courts as it kept the strength of the Navy and thus the British Empire. Britsh Impressment of seamen from American ships caised many tensions leading up to the War of 1812. https://quizlet.com/1370736/ap-us-history-chapter-11-flash-cards/ (Related) Impressment The act of coercing someone into government service, i.e., British practice of taking American sailors and forcing them into military service https://quizlet.com/1370736/ap-us-history-chapter-11-flash-cards/ (Related) Impressment the forcible enlistment of soldiers. This was a rude form of conscription that the British have employed for over four hundred years. https://quizlet.com/1370736/ap-us-history-chapter-11-flash-cards/ Aaron Burr He was Thomas Jefferson's vice presidential running mate in the elections of 1796 and 1800. He became the vice president in 1800 after the election was thrown into the House of Representatives https://quizlet.com/3231040/apush-1800-1828-flash-cards/ (Related) Aaron Burr The 3rd Vice President of the United States, a Republican, and challenged Hamilton to a duel and killed him in 1804. https://quizlet.com/3231040/apush-1800-1828-flash-cards/ (Related) Aaron Burr A massive wire-puller, turned New York to Jefferson by the narrowest of margins. He tied Jefferson in the 1800 election, so the House of Representatives had to choose; and they chose Jefferson for president. Burr is also responsible for killing Hamilton. https://quizlet.com/3231040/apush-1800-1828-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Aaron Burr conspiracy Burr, dropped from the cabinet in Jefferson's second term, joined with a group of Federalist extremists to plot the secession of New England and New York. Hamilton incensed Burr, so Burr challenged him to a duel, ultimately killing Hamilton. https://quizlet.com/3231040/apush-1800-1828-flash-cards/ (Related) Aaron Burr Aaron Burr was one of the leading Democratic-Republicans of New york, and served as a U.S. Senator from New York from 1791-1797. He was the principal opponent of Alexander Hamilton's Federalist policies. In the election of 1800, Burr tied with Jefferson in the Electoral College. The House of Representatives awarded the Presidency to Jefferson and made Burr Vice- President. https://quizlet.com/3231040/apush-1800-1828-flash-cards/ (Related) Aaron Burr Jefferson's presidential candidate who received the same number of electoral votes for the presidency. He later joined a group of Federalist extremists to plot the secession of New England and New York. He killed Alex Hamilton in a duel. He was arrested for treason. https://quizlet.com/3231040/apush-1800-1828-flash-cards/ (Related) Aaron Burr Conspiracy Jefferson's ex-VP joined a group of Federalist extremists to plot the secession of New England and New York. He killed Alex Hamilton in a duel. He struck up an alliance with General James Wilkinson to probably separate the western part of the US from the East. He was arrested and tried for treason. https://quizlet.com/3231040/apush-1800-1828-flash-cards/ Marbury v Madison established the principle of judicial review https://quizlet.com/5433044/apush-supreme-court-cases-flash-cards/ (Related) the greatest significance of the supreme court's decision in the Marbury v Madison was that is claimed for the first time that the Supreme Court could declare an act of Congress to be unconstitutional https://quizlet.com/5433044/apush-supreme-court-cases-flash-cards/ Embargo Act of 1807 restrictive trade policy that forbade shipment of any goods in or out of the US; hurt Britain/France but hurt American shippers and farmers even more https://quizlet.com/110020/unit-3-apush-flash-cards/ Warhawks determined congressmen, who gave, the Americans on the northern and southern borders that were eager to fight Britain, their support https://quizlet.com/14829857/apush-chapter-8-flash-cards/ Hartford Convention 1814 Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island met in 1814 in Hartford, Connecticut for a secret meeting to discuss their disgust of the war and to redress their grievances. The Hartford Convention's final report demanded:-Financial assistance from Washington to compensate for lost trade from embargos; -Constitutional amendments requiring a 2/3 vote in Congress before an embargo could be imposed, new states admitted, or war declared; -The abolition of slavery; -a President could only serve 1 term; -the abolition of the 3/5 clause; -the prohibition of the election of 2 successive Presidents from the same state.The Hartford resolutions marked the death of the Federalist party. The party nominated their last presidential candidate in 1816. try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) https://quizlet.com/17238748/apush-chapter-12-flash-cards/ (Related) Hartford Convention Meeting of Federalists near the end of the War of 1812 in which the party listed it's complaints against the ruling Republican Party. These actions were largley viewed as traitorous to the country and lost the Federalist much influence https://quizlet.com/17238748/apush-chapter-12-flash-cards/ (Related) who attended the Hartford Convention? 26 delegates from Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Vermont https://quizlet.com/17238748/apush-chapter-12-flash-cards/ (Related) when did the Hartford Convention meet? in the winter of 1814-1815 when it appeared Britain would win New Orleans https://quizlet.com/17238748/apush-chapter-12-flash-cards/ (Related) why did the Hartford Convention meet? to discuss grievances, right their wrongs, demand financial assistance from Washington to compensate for lost trade, abolish the three-fifths clause, limit the president to a single term, prohibit the election of two successive presidents from the same state, and propose constitutional amendments that would require a 2/3 vote in Congress before an embargo could be imposed, new states admitted, or war declared https://quizlet.com/17238748/apush-chapter-12-flash-cards/ (Related) what happened when the delegates of the Hartford Convention brought their ideas to Washington? they discovered that New Orleans had been retained and a peace treaty signed, so they were humiliated https://quizlet.com/17238748/apush-chapter-12-flash-cards/ (Related) what happened to the Federalists after the Hartford Convention went to Washington? their party dissolved, but many identified as Sectionalists https://quizlet.com/17238748/apush-chapter-12-flash-cards/ (Related) Hartford Convention • Who: Federalists• What: Meeting of Federalists in which the party listed its complaints against the ruling Republican Party. Actions were largely viewed as traitorous to the country and lost the Federalist much influence• When: near the end of the War of 1812 https://quizlet.com/17238748/apush-chapter-12-flash-cards/ (Related) Hartford Convention Significance marked the end of the Federalists as a national party https://quizlet.com/17238748/apush-chapter-12-flash-cards/ (Related) Hartford Convention The Hartford Convention was a meeting of New England Federalists held in Hartford Connecticut in the winter of 1814-15. These Federalist opposed the War of 1812 and held the convention to discuss and seek redress by Washington for their complaints and wrongs that the felt had been done. Many of these complaints were manifestation of their fears of being overpowered by states in the south and west. The Hartford Convention was an example of the growing issue of Sectionalism and was another event in the approaching end of the Federalist Party. https://quizlet.com/17238748/apush-chapter-12-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) Treaty of Ghent (24 December 1814) signed in Ghent (modern day Belgium, then in limbo between the First French Empire and United Kingdom of the Netherlands), was the peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 between the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The treaty largely restored relations between the two nations to status quo ante bellum. Because of the era's slow communications, it took weeks for news of the peace treaty to reach the United States, and the Battle of New Orleans was fought after it was signed. https://quizlet.com/1573474/apush-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Treaty of Ghent December 24, 1814 - Ended the War of 1812 and restored the status quo. For the most part, territory captured in the war was returned to the original owner. It also set up a commission to determine the disputed Canada/U.S. border. https://quizlet.com/1573474/apush-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Treaty of Ghent American and British diplomats met in Ghent, Belgium, where both sides began with extravagant demands, but the final treaty changed very little except end the fighting itself. The Americans gave up their demands for the end of British impressments, and Canada, while the British abandoned their call for the creation of an Indian buffer state in the Northwest and made other, minor territorial concessions; the final treaty was signed Christmas Eve, 1814. https://quizlet.com/1573474/apush-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Treaty of Ghent (1814) Ended the War of 1812 and restored the status quo. For the most part, territory captured in the war was returned to the original owner. It also set up a commission to determine the disputed Canada/U.S. border. https://quizlet.com/1573474/apush-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Treaty of Ghent December 24, 1814 - Ended the War of 1812 and restored the status quo. For the most part, territory captured in the war was returned to the original owner. It also set up a commission to determine the disputed Canada/U.S. border. https://quizlet.com/1573474/apush-vocab-flash-cards/ John C. Calhoun War Hawk; supporter of states' rights; believed South Carolina had the right to "nullify", or ignore, federal laws that they thought were wrong, part of Whig Party https://quizlet.com/156822/apush-unit-4-flash-cards/ (Related) John C. Calhoun South Carolina Senator - advocate for state's rights, limited government, and nullification; (1830s-40s) Leader of the Fugitive Slave Law, which forced the cooperation of Northern states in returning escaped slaves to the south. He also argued on the floor of the senate that slavery was needed in the south. He argued on the grounds that society is supposed to have an upper ruling class that enjoys the profit of a working lower class. https://quizlet.com/156822/apush-unit-4-flash-cards/ (Related) John C. Calhoun Vice President under Andrew Jackson; leading Southern politician; began his political career as a nationalist and an advocate of protective tariffs, later he becomes an advocate of free trade, states' rights, limited government, and nullification. https://quizlet.com/156822/apush-unit-4-flash-cards/ (Related) John C. Calhoun try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) Vice president to Andrew Jackson who began to champion a controversial constitutional theory: nullification. He argued that since the federal govt. was a creation of the states, that the states were the final arbiters of the constitutionality of federal laws. If a state concluded that Congress had passed and unconstitutional law, then it could hold a special convention and declare the federal law null and void within the state. This was the Nullification Doctrine, and it contained the idea of using it to nulify the 1828 tariff, and it quickly attracted board support in South Carolina. But this did nothing to help his standing within the new administration, mostley because he has a powerful rivalry with Martin Van Buren. https://quizlet.com/156822/apush-unit-4-flash-cards/ (Related) John C. Calhoun He was a senator for South Carolina that was at first a supporter of the Tariff of 1816 but switched sides later on He claimed that it was a pro-Northerner act that would not build up the self-sufficiency of the economy. He was an example of the sectionalism between North and South. https://quizlet.com/156822/apush-unit-4-flash-cards/ Daniel Webster Ran against Martin Van Buren in 1836 presidential election. Least amount of popular vote.WhigPart of Webster-Hayne debate of 1830. Fought with Robert Hayne over the conflicts between the north and south. https://quizlet.com/3360352/apush-pageant-chpt-13-flash-cards/ (Related) Daniel Webster A senetor from Massachusetts, who attacked Hayne, and through him Calhoun, for what he considered their challenge to the integrity of the Union. He challenged Hayne to a debate, not on public lands and the tariff, but on the issue of states' rights versus national power. https://quizlet.com/3360352/apush-pageant-chpt-13-flash-cards/ (Related) Daniel Webster as candidate This man was also running as a Whig candidate, he had won a broad support among those who appreciated his passionate speeches in defense of the Constitution and the Union, but his close connection with the national bank, and the protective tariff, prevented him from achieving national popularity. https://quizlet.com/3360352/apush-pageant-chpt-13-flash-cards/ (Related) Daniel Webster Famous American politician and orator. He advocated renewal and opposed the financial policy of Jackson. Many of the principles of finance he spoke about were later incorporated in the Federal Reserve System. Would later push for a strong union. https://quizlet.com/3360352/apush-pageant-chpt-13-flash-cards/ (Related) Daniel Webster leader of Whig Party; https://quizlet.com/3360352/apush-pageant-chpt-13-flash-cards/ (Related) Daniel Webster Leading American statesman during the Antebellum Period; leader of the Whig Party, opposed Jackson and the Democratic Party; spokesman for modernization, banking, and industry; served in the House of Representatives, Senate, and Secretary of State for 3 presidents; successful lawyer; member of the Great Triumvirate with Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun. https://quizlet.com/3360352/apush-pageant-chpt-13-flash-cards/ (Related) Daniel Webster try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) Leading American statesman during the nation's Antebellum Period; his increasing nationalistic views led to him becoming one of the most influential leaders of the Whig Party of the Second Party System; led opposition against Andrew Jackson and the Democrats. https://quizlet.com/3360352/apush-pageant-chpt-13-flash-cards/ Era of Good Feelings Period of peace and prosperity with no outside threats. It was an easy time for the country and allowed U.S. to grow. https://quizlet.com/55207494/chapter-8-ids-jeffersonianism-and-the-era-of-good-feelingsapush-flash-cards/ (Related) Era of Good Feelings Period between 1815 and 1824, minimal political fighting, everyone seemed to agree with each other, good things happened to the US (mostly) https://quizlet.com/55207494/chapter-8-ids-jeffersonianism-and-the-era-of-good-feelingsapush-flash-cards/ (Related) Era of Good Feelings a name for president monroe's two terms, a period of strong nationalism, economic growth, and territorial expansion. since the federalist party dissolved after the war of 1812, there was only one political party and no partisan conflicts. https://quizlet.com/55207494/chapter-8-ids-jeffersonianism-and-the-era-of-good-feelingsapush-flash-cards/ Panic of 1819 First major financial crisis in the US that occurred during the end of the Era of Good Feelings; resulted from international conflicts such as the Embargo Act and War of 1812. https://quizlet.com/1457038/ap-us-set-6-flash-cards/ (Related) Panic of 1819 Economic panic caused by extensive speculation and a decline of European demand for American goods along with mismanagement within the Second Bank of the United States. Often cited as the end of the Era of Good Feelings. https://quizlet.com/1457038/ap-us-set-6-flash-cards/ (Related) Panic of 1819 When: 1819 Where:US Significance: The Panic of 1819 was the first major financial crisis in the United States. It featured widespread foreclosures, bank failures, unemployment, and a slump in agriculture and manufacturing. It marked the end of the economic expansion that had followed the War of 1812. https://quizlet.com/1457038/ap-us-set-6-flash-cards/ (Related) Panic of 1819 after a period of economic boom after the War of 1812, where the prices of farm goods and land increased rapidly, and the wildcat and state banks gave easy credit to settlers and speculators, the National Bank finally decided to tighten credit, call in loans, and foreclose on mortgages. In effect, there was a series of failures by state banks, and the result was a financial panic and depression. https://quizlet.com/1457038/ap-us-set-6-flash-cards/ (Related) Panic of 1819 severe depression that followed the economic boom of the post-War of 1812 years; the Second National Bank, trying to dampen land speculation and inflation, called loans, raised interest rates, and received the blame for the panic. All this helped divide commercial interests of the East from the agrarian interests of an expanding West https://quizlet.com/1457038/ap-us-set-6-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) Missouri Compromise Allowed Missouri to enter the union as a slave state, Maine to enter the union as a free state, prohibited slavery north of latitude 36˚ 30' within the Louisiana Territory (1820) https://quizlet.com/2989503/apush-chapter-12-flash-cards/ (Related) Missouri Compromise 1820, The issue was that Missouri wanted to join the Union as a slave state, therefore unbalancing the Union so there would be more slave states then free states. The compromise set it up so that Maine joined as a free state and Missouri joined as a slave state. Congress also made a line across the southern border of Missouri saying except for the state of Missouri, all states north of that line must be free states or states without slavery. https://quizlet.com/2989503/apush-chapter-12-flash-cards/ (Related) Missouri Compromise Created by Henry Clay. Allowed for the line of slavery to be set, with all states south of Missouri to be slave states, while northern states could ban slavery. Admitted Maine into the Union as a free state and Missouri as a slave state. https://quizlet.com/2989503/apush-chapter-12-flash-cards/ (Related) Missouri Compromise Congress forbade slavery in the remaining territories in the Louisiana Territory north of the line of 36° 30', except for Missouri. https://quizlet.com/2989503/apush-chapter-12-flash-cards/ (Related) Missouri Compromise (1820) settlement of a dispute over the spread of slavery that was authored by Henry Clay; the agreement had 3 parts: (1)Missouri became the 12th slave state;(2) to maintain the balance between free states and slave states in Congress, Maine became the 12th free state;(3) the Louisiana territory was divided at 36 deg. 30', with the Northern part closed to slavery and the southern area allowing slavery. This compromise resolved the first real debate over the future of slavery to arise since the Constitution was ratified https://quizlet.com/2989503/apush-chapter-12-flash-cards/ The Convention of 1818 and the Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) were similar because they: Established the borders of the US: Convention of 1818 made the 49⁰ the border between US and Canada while the Adams-Onis Treaty ceded Florida to the US and established Florida as US's southern border (its is NOT acceptable to say that both treaties dealt with foreign nations) https://quizlet.com/1316256/apush-ch-7-flash-cards/ (Related) Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) also known as the Florida Purchase Treaty and the Transcontinental Treaty; under its terms, the United States paid Spain $5 million for Florida, Spain recognized America's claims to the Oregon Country, and the United States surrendered its claim to northern Mexico (Texas) https://quizlet.com/1316256/apush-ch-7-flash-cards/ (Related) Adams-Onis Treaty known as transcontinental treaty, purchased Florida from Spain. Established western boundary for US and prevented Seminoles from invading Georgia https://quizlet.com/1316256/apush-ch-7-flash-cards/ Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine Questionable extension of a traditional American policy; declared an American right to intervene in Latin America nations under certain circumstances https://quizlet.com/1964478/apush-ch-28-terms-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Monroe Doctrine What: an expression of the post-1812 nationalism energizing the U.S. Proved to be the most famous of the long-lived offspring of that nationalism. Might have been called the SelfDefense Doctrine. Where & When: Incorporated into President Monroe's annual message to Congress in 1823. Its two basic features were:(1) Non-Colonization (2) Non-Intervention. Colonization's era had ended and England and other foreign powers needed to keep their monarchial systems out of the U.S. Old World powers could not gain anymore settlements. The U.S. would not intervene in the Greeks war for independence, and the U.S. does not need help from other countries. Significance: Gave vent to patriotism, but deepened the illusion of isolationism. Many Americans falsely concluded that the Republic was isolated from the European dangers because it wanted to be. Monroe, it seemed, had warned the Old Powers to stay away https://quizlet.com/1964478/apush-ch-28-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Monroe Doctrine (1823) A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the United States or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere. https://quizlet.com/1964478/apush-ch-28-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Monroe Doctrine The policy, as stated by President Monroe in 1823, that the U.S. opposed further European colonization of and interference with independent nations in the Western Hemisphere. https://quizlet.com/1964478/apush-ch-28-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Monroe Doctrine A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the United States or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere. https://quizlet.com/1964478/apush-ch-28-terms-flash-cards/ Samuel Slater Considered father of American industrial revolution because he brought British textile technology, rather illegally, to America https://quizlet.com/3504311/apush-chapter-14-flash-cards/ (Related) Samuel Slater Father of the factory system; stole plans from British mechanic and escaped to America; got capital from Moses Brown (quaker); first efficient American machinery for spinning cotton thread. https://quizlet.com/3504311/apush-chapter-14-flash-cards/ (Related) Samuel Slater A British mechanic(AKA "Father of the Factory System in America") that invented the first American machine for spinning cotton https://quizlet.com/3504311/apush-chapter-14-flash-cards/ (Related) Samuel Slater he was a british mechanic that moved to america and in 1791 invented the first american machine for spinning cotton. he is known as "the father of the factory system" and he started the idea of child labor in america's factories. https://quizlet.com/3504311/apush-chapter-14-flash-cards/ (Related) Samuel Slater try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) He was a British mechanic that moved to America and in 1791 invented the first American machine for spinning cotton. He is known as "the Father of the Factory System" and he started the idea of child labor in America's factories.-increased labor problem-only benefitted employers, not workers-forbid unions https://quizlet.com/3504311/apush-chapter-14-flash-cards/ Lowell System was a paternalistic textile factory system of the early 19th century that employed mainly young women [age 15-35] from New England farms to increase efficiency, productivity and profits in ways different from other methods https://quizlet.com/7573691/apush-u4-ch10-flash-cards/ (Related) Lowell System Textile factory system of the early 19th century that employed mainly young women [age 1535] from New England farms to increase efficiency, productivity and profits. These textile mills provided dormitories for young women where they were cared for, fed, and sheltered in return for cheap labor. https://quizlet.com/7573691/apush-u4-ch10-flash-cards/ (Related) "Lowell System" Developed in the textile mills of Lowell, Massachusetts, in the 1820s, in these factories as much machinery as possible was used, so that few skilled workers were needed in the process, and the workers were almost all single young farm women, who worked for a few years and then returned home to be housewives. https://quizlet.com/7573691/apush-u4-ch10-flash-cards/ Cotton Gin 1793, Invented by Eli Whitney. a machine that separates the seeds from raw cotton fibers. Caused the south to become an agricultural industry, which led to wealth and way of creating a living in the south. https://quizlet.com/15672857/chapter-7-vocab-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Cotton Gin Invented by Eli Whitney in 1793. It removed seeds from cotton fibers. Now cotton could be processed quickly and cheaply. Results: more cotton is grown and more slaves are needed for more acres of cotton fields https://quizlet.com/15672857/chapter-7-vocab-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Cotton Gin A machine invented by Eli Whitney in 1793 that cleaned the seeds from cotton fibers. It resulted in cheaper and faster production of cotton. More cotton was grown and more slaves were needed to tend to this cotton. https://quizlet.com/15672857/chapter-7-vocab-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Cotton gin a machine invented by Eli Whitney that separates the seeds from raw cotton fibers. It increased thr development of the south and expanded slavery because there was more time for cotton to be planted. https://quizlet.com/15672857/chapter-7-vocab-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Cotton Gin Invented by Eli Whitney in 1793. It removed seeds from cotton fibers. Now cotton could be processed quickly and cheaply. Resulted in more cotton production and more slaves are needed for more acres of cotton fields. https://quizlet.com/15672857/chapter-7-vocab-apush-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) Lancaster Turnpike Was probably the best road in the U.S. Built in the 1790's by a private company, the road linked Philadelphia and Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Because the road was set on a ed of gravel, water drained off quickly. For a smooth ride, the road was topped with flat stones. https://quizlet.com/3425167/ap-us-ch-14-flash-cards/ (Related) Lancaster Turnpike the early Pennsylvania hard-surfaced road that served as a model for improving transportation west after the 1770s. https://quizlet.com/3425167/ap-us-ch-14-flash-cards/ (Related) Lancaster Turnpike ..., Was probably the best road in the U.S. Built in the 1790's by a private company, the road linked Philadelphia and Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Because the road was set on a ed of gravel, water drained off quickly. For a smooth ride, the road was topped with flat stones. https://quizlet.com/3425167/ap-us-ch-14-flash-cards/ (Related) Lancaster Turnpike Probably the most successful and profitable road in the U.S. Built in the 1790's by a private company, the road linked Philadelphia and Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Because the road was set on a bed of gravel, water drained off quickly. For a smooth ride, the road was topped with flat stones. https://quizlet.com/3425167/ap-us-ch-14-flash-cards/ Old National Road (Cumberland Road) First of the internal improvements provided by congress in 1806 to help the colonization of the west. A toll bill linked to the road was vetoed by Monroe. https://quizlet.com/156822/apush-unit-4-flash-cards/ (Related) Cumberland Road 1811, The road was the first interstate highway, and the only one entirely paid for by federal funds. It ran from Maryland to Illinois and helped with the westward movement. https://quizlet.com/156822/apush-unit-4-flash-cards/ (Related) Cumberland Road another name for the national road whose construction began in 1811 and which stretched from a town in western Maryland to Vandalia, Illinois. https://quizlet.com/156822/apush-unit-4-flash-cards/ (Related) Cumberland Road The road was the first interstate highway, and the only one entirely paid for by federal funds. It ran from Maryland to Illinois and helped with the westward movement. https://quizlet.com/156822/apush-unit-4-flash-cards/ (Related) Cumberland Road A national road that stretched from Maryland to Illinois. It was the first national/interstate highway, and it was a milestone for the eventual connection of all the states by highways, thus increasing trade. https://quizlet.com/156822/apush-unit-4-flash-cards/ steamboats the first one was invented by Nicholas Roosevelt in 1812 and it could carry both cargo and passengers; it earned a lot of profit and became popular and were considered luxurious; even though the were dangerous, they were worth it https://quizlet.com/1436209/ap-us-history-chapter-14-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Steamboats Steamboats, first built by Robert Fulton in 1807, increased speed and efficiency of river travel. Arriving shortly after the mad rush of canals, steamboats largely improved interregional travel and allowed goods to be shipped long distances. The invention of the steamboat stimulated both western and southern agricultural economies by opening markets. It also allowed eastern manufactures to send their goods west which, in turn, increased the flow of good to people in the Midwest. (ECONOMIC & CULTURAL) https://quizlet.com/1436209/ap-us-history-chapter-14-flash-cards/ 5 big effects of market revolution (1) opened land new land for settlers, (2) lowered transportation costs, (3) made it easier to sell products, (4) linked farmers to national/world markets, (5) made farmers major consumers of manufactured goods https://quizlet.com/105325858/apush-chapter-8-market-and-transportation-revolutions-1790s1840s-flash-cards/ (Related) Market Revolution a drastic change in the manual labor system originating in south (but was soon moved to the north) and later spread to the entire world. Traditional commerce became outdated with the transportation and industrail revolution. As a result, the north started to have a more powerful economy that was starting to challenge the economies of some mid-sized European cities at the time. https://quizlet.com/105325858/apush-chapter-8-market-and-transportation-revolutions-1790s1840s-flash-cards/ (Related) Market Revolution The Market Revolution was the expansion of markets during the early 19th century. This was mark(et)ed (hehe see what I did there?) by an increase in exchange of goods and services. The Market Revolution resulted from increased output of farms and factories, activity of traders and merchants, and development of transportation and infrastructure. (ECONOMIC) https://quizlet.com/105325858/apush-chapter-8-market-and-transportation-revolutions-1790s1840s-flash-cards/ (Related) Market revolution economic transformation that's catalyst was a series of innovations in transportation and communication https://quizlet.com/105325858/apush-chapter-8-market-and-transportation-revolutions-1790s1840s-flash-cards/ Know Nothing Party Were a group of people who opposed the increasing immigration levels and attempted to write legislation for rigid restrictions on immigration and naturalization and for laws authorizing the deportation of alien paupers. This was just an example of a group of people attempting to thwart the increase of immigration which has continued to make-up America. https://quizlet.com/8506671/apush-chapter-14-flash-cards/ (Related) Describe the Know Nothing Party Another party, the American Party, also called the "Know-Nothing Party" because of its secrecy, was organized by "nativists," old-stock Protestants against immigrants, who nominated Millard Fillmore. These people were anti-Catholic and anti-foreign and also included old Whigs.The campaign was full of mudslinging, which included allegations of scandal and conspiracy.Fremont was hurt by the rumor that he was a Roman Catholic. https://quizlet.com/8506671/apush-chapter-14-flash-cards/ mining frontier The discovery of gold in CA in 1848 caused the first flood of newcomers to the West. A series of gold strikes and silver strikes in what became the states of Colorado, Nevada, try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) Idaho, Montana, Arizona, and South Dakota kept a steady flow of hopeful young prospectors pushing into the Western mountains. https://quizlet.com/136077823/17-apush-the-frontier-1865-1900-flash-cards/ (Related) farming frontier The period of time in which hundreds of thousands of citizens moved west and began to farm the frontier, very much due to the Homestead Act of 1862 https://quizlet.com/136077823/17-apush-the-frontier-1865-1900-flash-cards/ (Related) Frederick Jackson Turner; frontier thesis An historian who wrote an influential essay, "The Significance of the Frontier in American History." 1893. He argued that 300 years of frontier experience had played a fundamental role in shaping the unique character of American Society. His thesis stated that the frontier experience had promoted a habit of independence and individualism. https://quizlet.com/136077823/17-apush-the-frontier-1865-1900-flash-cards/ (Related) The significance of the frontier in American history (1893) Said the frontier shaped American culture by promoting independence and individualism, and broke down class barriers and fostered democracy https://quizlet.com/136077823/17-apush-the-frontier-1865-1900-flash-cards/ (Related) The mining Frontier -Gold rush brought homesteaders-Created a crisis over the relative value of gold and silver https://quizlet.com/136077823/17-apush-the-frontier-1865-1900-flash-cards/ (Related) The Mining Frontier Significance Although the gold rush brought many settlers to the west it stimulated economic and political problems in the nations and also caused N.A to lose their land to miners. https://quizlet.com/136077823/17-apush-the-frontier-1865-1900-flash-cards/ (Related) The cattle frontier Also known as ranching place took place in the area from texas to canada Railroads constructed after the Civil War opened markets in the East to Texas cattleThe idea of the Western cowboy is created during this time. https://quizlet.com/136077823/17-apush-the-frontier-1865-1900-flash-cards/ (Related) The cattle frontier Significance The long cattle drives came to an end due to overgrazing, blizzards and droughts that destroyed the grass, and homesteaders (settlers) who blocked off land with barbed wire. https://quizlet.com/136077823/17-apush-the-frontier-1865-1900-flash-cards/ (Related) The farming Frontier Encourage farming on Great plains160 acres of public free land for a family who settle 5 years.promotions of railroad introduced hundreds of thousands of people in attempt to farm the great plains https://quizlet.com/136077823/17-apush-the-frontier-1865-1900-flash-cards/ (Related) The farming frontier Significance Although 160 acres of the land was free, but thousands of people had to purchase their land b/c the best public land ended up w/ railroad companies and speculators. https://quizlet.com/136077823/17-apush-the-frontier-1865-1900-flash-cards/ (Related) Mining frontier The western states which had series of gold strikes including, Colorado, Nevada, Idaho, Montana, Arizona, and South Dakota. try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) https://quizlet.com/136077823/17-apush-the-frontier-1865-1900-flash-cards/ (Related) Farming frontier The Great Plains was mainly the farming frontier. Settlement in the farming frontier was encouraged by the Homestead Act (which gave 160 acres of public land free to any family that settled on it for a period of five years). https://quizlet.com/136077823/17-apush-the-frontier-1865-1900-flash-cards/ (Related) Frederick Jackson Turner; frontier thesis He was a historian who created the frontier thesis. His thesis explained that the frontier experience had promoted a habit of independence and individualism. It was also said that the frontier had also acted as a powerful social leveler, breaking down class distinctions and ensuring social and political democracy (basically the thesis says that the frontier life makes Americans become more inventive and practical-minded). https://quizlet.com/136077823/17-apush-the-frontier-1865-1900-flash-cards/ Erie Canal building of the Erie Canal was the gretest construction project America had ever undertaken (at the time). It was an immediate financial success, 7 years after its opening it was completely paid off by the tolls charged. Gave NY direct access to Chicago and the growing West. NY was no able to compete and slowly replace New Orleans as the destination for the West's agricultural goods. Digging for the Canal began in 1817 and it opened in 1825. It was completed entirely with state funds and largely promoted by Gov. Clinton. Significance: Increased trade between east coast and NYC with the West; other canals were built; canal aged started to be replaced by the railroads in the 30s https://quizlet.com/11439166/apush-chapter-12-flash-cards/ (Related) Erie Canal A canal between the New York cities of Albany and Buffalo, completed in 1825. The canal, considered a marvel of the modern world at the time, allowed western farmers to ship surplus crops to sell in the North and allowed northern manufacturers to ship finished goods to sell in the West. https://quizlet.com/11439166/apush-chapter-12-flash-cards/ (Related) Erie Canal "Clinton's Ditch". First major canal created. Proposed in 1817 by DeWitt Clinton. Was the longest standing canal ever built at the time(27 miles). https://quizlet.com/11439166/apush-chapter-12-flash-cards/ (Related) Erie Canal It is a canal in New York State, United States, that runs from the Hudson River to Lake Erie, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean It cut transport costs into what was then wilderness by about 90%. The Canal resulted in a massive population surge in western New York, and opened regions further west to increased settlement https://quizlet.com/11439166/apush-chapter-12-flash-cards/ (Related) Erie Canal (completed 1825) New York state canal that linked Lake Erie to the Hudson River. It dramatically lowered shipping costs, fueling an economic boom in upstate New York and increasing the profitability of farming in the Old Northwest. (329) https://quizlet.com/11439166/apush-chapter-12-flash-cards/ (Related) Erie Canal Thanks to the _______ __________, New York replaced New Orleans as the queen port of the country. https://quizlet.com/11439166/apush-chapter-12-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) What were the advantages and disadvantages of government subsidies for the railroads? The railroads would often sell the land and make money off the land that was paid for by citizens (their tax money goes to the government, which gave the land grants). They also withheld land from other users until they figured out where their tracks would lay. A benefit was that railroad companies were able to expand further west. Granting land was a "cheap" way to subsidize a much-desired transportation system, because it avoided new taxes for direct cash grants. https://quizlet.com/8745144/apush-chapter-24-flash-cards/ (Related) Explain how the railroads could help or hurt Americans. Americans would be connected across the country, which would help travel time, the ability to connect with different types of people, and allow people to get produce and meats from different parts of the country (due to the decreased travel time). People could also begin to move west. Trade with Asia increased. However, railroad construction was laced with scandal and corruption, which hurt Americans financially (ex. Credit Mobilier). Also, the work was very dangerous, and many people were killed on the job. In addition, railroads created many millionaires who could control the public and place large taxes on farmers. https://quizlet.com/8745144/apush-chapter-24-flash-cards/ (Related) What technological improvements helped railroads? More efficient and economical steel rails, standard gauge of track (which reduced need for numerous car changes), the Westinghouse air brake which increased safety, and other safety devices like the telegraph. https://quizlet.com/8745144/apush-chapter-24-flash-cards/ (Related) What effects did the railroads have on America as a whole? Railroads created a huge domestic market for raw materials and manufactured goods and spurred industrialization and urbanization; stimulated mining and agriculture; took farmers to land and goods to people; started cities, created more millionaires, drove creation of time zones. https://quizlet.com/8745144/apush-chapter-24-flash-cards/ (Related) What wrongdoing were railroads guilty of? Stock watering (which enabled railroad stock promoters to inflate their claims about a given line's assets and profitability and sell stocks and bonds in excess of the railroad's actual value) as well as other corruption such as bribery. https://quizlet.com/8745144/apush-chapter-24-flash-cards/ (Related) Railroads spurred industrialization ... https://quizlet.com/8745144/apush-chapter-24-flash-cards/ (Related) transcontinental railroads Railroads connecting the west and east coasts of the continental US https://quizlet.com/8745144/apush-chapter-24-flash-cards/ (Related) Railroads and Timezones They needed to run on a consistent schedule so in 1884 four time zones were created (i.e Standard time by American Railroad Association) https://quizlet.com/8745144/apush-chapter-24-flash-cards/ (Related) bankcrupcy of railroads Panic of 1893J.P. Morgan and other bankers capitalized on this https://quizlet.com/8745144/apush-chapter-24-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) Communication Revolution in Antebellum Period New technologies that helped spur and contribute to the westward expansion and Industrial Revolution. Samuel Morse, whom invented the telegraph and Morse Code. https://quizlet.com/5400478/apush-ch-40-41-42-flash-cards/ (Related) Communication Revolution in Antebellum Period Telegraph, railroads https://quizlet.com/5400478/apush-ch-40-41-42-flash-cards/ (Related) Communication Revolution in Antebellum Period ... https://quizlet.com/5400478/apush-ch-40-41-42-flash-cards/ Cult of Domesticity The belief that as the fairer sex, women occupied a unique and specific position and that they were to provide religious and moral instruction in the homes but avoid the rough world of politics and business in the larger sphere of society. Popular in the Mid-19th Century, caused womens rights movements. https://quizlet.com/21287387/apush-ch-37-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) "Cult of domesticity" Allowed women to live in greater material comfort then before. Placed a higher value on "Female Virtues". Left women detached from the public world. Women could no longer work in shops or mills. https://quizlet.com/21287387/apush-ch-37-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) APUSH-CH14-08 Cult of Domesticity A widespread cultural creed that glorified the customary functions of the homemaker. Married women held immense power in being able to control the morals of a household. https://quizlet.com/21287387/apush-ch-37-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) cult of domesticity Widespread cultural creed that glorified the traditional functions of the homemaker around 1850. Married women commanded immense moral power, and they increasingly made decisions that altered the family. Work opportunities for women increased particularly in teaching. https://quizlet.com/21287387/apush-ch-37-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) "cult of domesticity" in the media, the traditional roles of women at home were championed https://quizlet.com/21287387/apush-ch-37-vocab-flash-cards/ Implied Powers Implied powers refers to the powers of the government found in the constitution in unwritten forms. Although some situations, such as the creation of the National Bank, are not specifically referred to in the constitution through the elastic clause they are not illegal or unconstitutional. After Hamilton was appointed head of treasury in 1789, debates began between his interpretation of the constitution and Jefferson's views. Eventually this became an issue contributing to the formation of political parties. https://quizlet.com/6589030/chapter-10-vocab-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Implied Powers A power not specified for Congress in the constitution but is necessary for congress to carry out its delegated powers https://quizlet.com/6589030/chapter-10-vocab-apush-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) implied powers Refers to the powers of the government found in the constitution in unwritten forms. Although some situations, such as the creation of the National Bank, are not specifically referred to in the constitution through the elastic clause they are not illegal or unconstitutional. After Hamilton was appointed head of treasury in 1789, debates began between his interpretation of the constitution and Jefferson's views. Eventually this became an issue contributing to the formation of political parties. https://quizlet.com/6589030/chapter-10-vocab-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Implied Powers powers that congress has that are not stated explicitly in the constitution https://quizlet.com/6589030/chapter-10-vocab-apush-flash-cards/ commonwealth v. hunt supreme court case that said that unions were constitutional and strikes were a legitimate and powerful weapon https://quizlet.com/7280032/apush-chapter-14-vocabulary-flash-cards/ (Related) Commonwealth v. Hunt a case in which the U.S. Supreme Court overuled a Massachustetts Supreme Court decision and asseted that trade unions were legal and that they had the right to strike or take other steps of peacuful coercion to raise wages and ban non-union workers https://quizlet.com/7280032/apush-chapter-14-vocabulary-flash-cards/ Treaty of 1818 Treaty between Britain and America, it allowed the Americans to share the Newfoundland fisheries with Canada, and gave both countries a joint occupation of the Oregon Territory for the next 10 years. https://quizlet.com/15284404/apush-ch-8-flash-cards/ (Related) Treaty of 1818 A negotiated treaty between the Monroe administration and England. This treaty came after the War of 1812 to settle disputes between Britain and U.S. It permitted Americans to share Newfoundland fisheries w/ the Canadians, and fixed the vague northern limits of Louisiana from the Lake of the Woods to the Rocky Mountains. It also provided for a 10-year joint occupation of untamed Oregon country https://quizlet.com/15284404/apush-ch-8-flash-cards/ (Related) Treaty of 1818 (with Britain) Treaty between Britain and America, it allowed the Americans to share the Newfoundland fisheries with Canada, and gave both countries a joint occupation of the Oregon Territory for the next 10 years. APUSH-CH13-03. Spoils System Jackson's patronage system, which allowed men to buy their way into office. This resulted in a very corrupt governmental office. https://quizlet.com/1314341/apush-chapter-9-flash-cards/ (Related) spoils system the system of employing and promoting civil servants who are friends and supporters of the group in power; practice of rewarding supporters with government jobs https://quizlet.com/1314341/apush-chapter-9-flash-cards/ (Related) spoils system practice of rewarding supporters with government jobs https://quizlet.com/1314341/apush-chapter-9-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Spoils System Andrew Jackson's method of turning over the civil servant jobs to new government officials. "Rotation in office" was supposed to democratize government and lead to reform by allowing the common people to run the government. This system had been in place long before Jackson, but his name is tied to it because he endorsed its usage. In general, officials were replaced by those loyal to the new administration, and they were not always the most qualified for the positions. Over the span of several presidential terms, the system led to corruption and inefficiency. It was ended with the passage of the Pendleton Act. https://quizlet.com/1314341/apush-chapter-9-flash-cards/ Tariff of Abominations AKA Tariff of 1828; raised the tariff on imported manufactured goods. The tariff protected the North but harmed the South. The South claimed that it was discriminatory and unconstitutional https://quizlet.com/15122556/apush-quiz-7-flash-cards/ (Related) tariff of abominations (1828) noteworthy for its unprecedentedly high duties on imports. Southerners vehemently opposed the Tariff, arguing that it hurt Southern farmers, who did not enjoy the protection of tariffs, but were forced to pay higher prices for manufactures https://quizlet.com/15122556/apush-quiz-7-flash-cards/ (Related) Tariff of Abominations Tariff passed by Congress in 1828 that favored manufacturing in the North and was hated by the South; The bill favored western agricultural interests by raising tariffs or import taxes on imported hemp, wool, fur, flax, and liquor, thus favoring Northern manufacturers. In the South, these tariffs raised the cost of manufactured goods, thus angering them and causing more sectionalist feelings. https://quizlet.com/15122556/apush-quiz-7-flash-cards/ nullification crisis The Nullification Crisis was a sectional crisis during the presidency of Andrew Jackson created by South Carolina's 1832 Ordinance of Nullification. This ordinance declared, by the power of the State itself, that the federal Tariff of 1828 and the federal Tariff of 1832 were unconstitutional and therefore null and void within the sovereign boundaries of South Carolina. The controversial, and highly protective, Tariff of 1828 (also called the "Tariff of Abominations") was enacted into law during the presidency of John Quincy Adams. https://quizlet.com/105637194/apush-13-flash-cards/ (Related) nullification crisis (1832-1833) showdown between President Andrew Jackson and the South Carolina legislature, which declared the 1832 tariff null and void in the state and threatened secession if the federal government tried to collect duties. It was resolved by a compromise negotiated by Henry Clay in 1833 https://quizlet.com/105637194/apush-13-flash-cards/ (Related) The Nullification Crisis SC refused to accept the tariff of 1832 because they feared it would set a precedent for congressional legislation on slavery; in nov. 1832 SC nullified both tariff of abominations and of 1832 at state convention which made it unlawful for federal officials to collect duties in the state; Jackson passes force act https://quizlet.com/105637194/apush-13-flash-cards/ (Related) Nullification Crisis Southerners favored freedom of trade and believed in the authority of states over the federal government. Southerners declared federal protective tariffs null and void. try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) https://quizlet.com/105637194/apush-13-flash-cards/ (Related) The nullification crisis of 1832-1833 erupted over tariff policy. https://quizlet.com/105637194/apush-13-flash-cards/ (Related) The nullification crisis of 1833 resulted in a clear-cut victory for neither Andrew Jackson nor the nullifiers. https://quizlet.com/105637194/apush-13-flash-cards/ (Related) The nullification crisis started by South Carolina over the Tariff of 1828 ended when Congress passed the compromise Tariff of 1833. https://quizlet.com/105637194/apush-13-flash-cards/ Trail of tears The Cherokee Indians were forced to travel from North Carolina and Georgia through more than 800 miles (1,287 km)-to Oklahoma More than 4,000 Cherokees died of cold, disease, and lack of food during the 116-day journey. https://quizlet.com/444732/apush-vocab-chapter-10-flash-cards/ (Related) Trail of Tears The tragic journey of the cherokee people from their home land to indian territory between 1838 and 1839, thousands of cherokees died. https://quizlet.com/444732/apush-vocab-chapter-10-flash-cards/ (Related) trail of tears Refers to the forced relocation in 1838 of the Cherokee Native American tribe to the Western United States, which resulted in the deaths of an estimated 4,000 Cherokees. Resulted from the enforcement of the Treaty of New Echota, an agreement signed under the provisions of the Indian Removal Act. https://quizlet.com/444732/apush-vocab-chapter-10-flash-cards/ (Related) Trail of Tears (1838-1839) Forced march of 15,000 Cherokee Indians from their Georgia and Alabama homes to Indian Territory. Some 4,000 Cherokee died on the arduous journey. (285) https://quizlet.com/444732/apush-vocab-chapter-10-flash-cards/ (Related) The Trail of Tears The forced movement of Cherokee Indians in 1838 to the land west of Mississippi River forced by the U.S. Army; it lasted 116 days and was 1,000 miles long, many Indians died along the way https://quizlet.com/444732/apush-vocab-chapter-10-flash-cards/ Bank War The US Bank was under a 20 year charter, and was favored mainly by the northern bankers and merchants but not by farmers and westerners. Clay and Webster pushed for an early recharter but Jackson vetoed it due to his hatred for the two men. He killed the bank and ordered his Secretary of Treasury to remove all of the specie and put it in his "pet banks". https://quizlet.com/142872290/apush-the-bank-war-flash-cards/ (Related) The Bank War Pres. Andrew Jackson had made clear his constitutional objections to and personal antagonism toward the bank. He believed it concentrated too much economic power in the hands of a small moneyed elite beyond the public's control, he was more for the common man. try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) The banks president, Nicholas Biddle, with the support of Henry Clay and Daniel Webster, applied for a new charter in 1832, four years before the old charter was due to expire, thus ensuring that the bank would be an issue in the 1832 presidential election. Jackson vetoed the recharter bill and won the ensuing election, interpreting his victory as a mandate to destroy the bank. He forbade the deposit in the bank of government funds; Biddle retaliated by calling in loans, which precipitated a credit crisis. Denied renewal of its federal charter, the bank secured a Pennsylvania charter. https://quizlet.com/142872290/apush-the-bank-war-flash-cards/ (Related) Bank War Jackson vs. Bank & Biddle; Jackson begins taking out funds and putting them into pet banks, successfully "killing" the bank; leads to fluctuation in economy and eventual panic; Jackson believed the Bank of US had too much power and was too rich. Vetoed the 2nd Bank charter and withdrew gov't money from the US Banks and put it into "pet banks" https://quizlet.com/142872290/apush-the-bank-war-flash-cards/ (Related) The Bank War Jackson believed the Bank of US had too much power, and was too rich. Whigs were scared he was going to destroy the Bank, so Clay and Webster decided to apply for renewal early, before the next election. Jackson vetoed the bill to renew the charter, but the people agreed with him https://quizlet.com/142872290/apush-the-bank-war-flash-cards/ pet banks A term used by Jackson's opponents to describe the state banks that the federal government used for new revenue deposits in an attempt to destroy the Second Bank of the United States; the practice continued after the charter for the Second Bank expired in 1836. https://quizlet.com/99325688/apush-chapter-9-flash-cards/ (Related) pet banks State banks where Andrew Jackson placed deposits removed from the federal National Bank in an effort to destroy the bank. https://quizlet.com/99325688/apush-chapter-9-flash-cards/ (Related) pet banks A term used by Jackson's opponents to describe the state banks that the federal government used for new revenue deposits in an attempt to destroy the Second Bank of the United States; the practice continued after the charter for the Second Bank expired in 1836. https://quizlet.com/99325688/apush-chapter-9-flash-cards/ (Related) Jackson's removal of deposits / Pet Banks , 1833Angry because Biddle used Bank funds to support anti-Jacksonian candidates and convinced his 1832 victory was a mandate from the people to destroy the Bank, Jackson removed federal deposits from the Bank. He fired the Secretaries of Treasury who would not carry out his orders to remove the deposits. Finally, RogerTaney agreed to withdraw the funds and deposit them in state banks and was awarded the position of Secretaryof Treasury. He later became appointed as the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Jackson's opponents charged him with abuse of power. https://quizlet.com/99325688/apush-chapter-9-flash-cards/ (Related) Pet Banks Pet banks were state banks into which Jackson deposited federal funds after he withdrew them from the Bank. They were given this name because people thought the banks were chosen on political grounds. https://quizlet.com/99325688/apush-chapter-9-flash-cards/ (Related) pet banks try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) small state banks set up by Jackson to keep federal funds out of the National Bank, used until funds were consolidated into a single treasury, used to kill 2nd BUS https://quizlet.com/99325688/apush-chapter-9-flash-cards/ Specie Circular issued by President Jackson July 11, 1836, was meant to stop land speculation caused by states printing paper money without proper specie (gold or silver) backing it. It required that the purchase of public lands be paid for in specie. It stopped the land speculation and the sale of public lands went down sharply. The panic of 1837 followed. https://quizlet.com/29521108/apush-chapter-10-id-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Specie Circular issued by President Jackson in 1836, was meant to stop land speculation caused by states printing paper money without proper specie (gold or silver) backing it. It required that the purchase of public lands be paid for in specie. It stopped the land speculation and the sale of public lands went down sharply. The panic of 1837 followed. https://quizlet.com/29521108/apush-chapter-10-id-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Specie Circular Specie Circular , (July 11, 1836), in U.S. history, an executive order issued by President Andrew Jackson requiring that payment for the purchase of public lands be made exclusively in gold or silver. In an effort to curb excessive land speculation and to quash the enormous growth of paper money in circulation, Jackson directed the Treasury Department, "pet" banks, and other receivers of public money to accept only specie as payment for government-owned land after Aug. 15, 1836. The Specie Circular, by seriously curtailing the use of paper money, was highly deflationary and at least in part produced the ensuing credit crunch and the economic crisis called the Panic of 1837. On May 21, 1838, a joint resolution of Congress repealed the Specie Circular. https://quizlet.com/29521108/apush-chapter-10-id-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) specie circular issued by President Jackson July 11, 1836, was meant to stop land speculation caused by states printing paper money without proper specie (gold or silver) backing it. It required that the purchase of public lands be paid for in specie. It stopped the land speculation and the sale of public lands went down sharply. The panic of 1837 followed. https://quizlet.com/29521108/apush-chapter-10-id-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Specie Circular in 1836 President Jackson had the Treasury issue a decree that required all public lands be purchased with "hard" or metallic money https://quizlet.com/29521108/apush-chapter-10-id-terms-flash-cards/ Whig Party during era of jacksonian democracyopposed jacksonpro bank of u.s. (national bank)pro high tariffspro federal funding for internal improvementspro political action for social reformdivided on terms of slavery to conscience and cotton whigs https://quizlet.com/95683385/apush-section-2-war-of-1812-whig-party-flash-cards/ (Related) Whig Party political party that had no stand on slavery, was elected because people did not want to rock the boat and have war, An American political party formed in the 1830s to oppose President Andrew Jackson and the Democrats, stood for protective tariffs, national banking, and federal aid for internal improvements https://quizlet.com/95683385/apush-section-2-war-of-1812-whig-party-flash-cards/ (Related) Whig Party try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) An American political party formed in the 1830s to oppose President Andrew Jackson and the Democrats, stood for protective tariffs, national banking, and federal aid for internal improvements https://quizlet.com/95683385/apush-section-2-war-of-1812-whig-party-flash-cards/ Cult of Domesticity The belief that as the fairer sex, women occupied a unique and specific position and that they were to provide religious and moral instruction in the homes but avoid the rough world of politics and business in the larger sphere of society. Popular in the Mid-19th Century, caused womens rights movements. https://quizlet.com/21287387/apush-ch-37-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) APUSH-CH14-08 Cult of Domesticity A widespread cultural creed that glorified the customary functions of the homemaker. Married women held immense power in being able to control the morals of a household. https://quizlet.com/21287387/apush-ch-37-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) "Cult of domesticity" Allowed women to live in greater material comfort then before. Placed a higher value on "Female Virtues". Left women detached from the public world. Women could no longer work in shops or mills. https://quizlet.com/21287387/apush-ch-37-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) "cult of domesticity" in the media, the traditional roles of women at home were championed https://quizlet.com/21287387/apush-ch-37-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) cult of domesticity Widespread cultural creed that glorified the traditional functions of the homemaker around 1850. Married women commanded immense moral power, and they increasingly made decisions that altered the family. Work opportunities for women increased particularly in teaching. https://quizlet.com/21287387/apush-ch-37-vocab-flash-cards/ "The Burned-Over District" label given to Western New York due to intense level of evangelical revelation that swept through the area like wildfire https://quizlet.com/3286183/apush-unit-4-vocab-religious-movements-flash-cards/ (Related) Burned-Over District area of new york state along the erie canal that was constantly aflame with revivalism and reform; as wave after wave to fervor broke over the region, groups such as the mormons, shakers, and millerites found support among the residents. https://quizlet.com/3286183/apush-unit-4-vocab-religious-movements-flash-cards/ (Related) "The burned-over district" Term applied to the region of western New York along the Erie Canal, and refers to the religious fervor of its inhabitants. In the 1800's, farmers there were susceptible to revivalist and tent rallies by the pentecostals (religious groups). https://quizlet.com/3286183/apush-unit-4-vocab-religious-movements-flash-cards/ Charles Grandison Finney the greatest of the revival preachers during the Second Great Awaking who led massive revivals in NYC, devised the "anxious bench" and other innovations https://quizlet.com/8815815/apush-vocab-ch-12-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) The Shakers The Shakers were a new religious movement founded by Ann Lee Stanley.The name "The Shakers" was based on their ecstatic dances that were a part of their worship. The Shakers believed that God had a male and female component. Furthermore, they believed that Ann Lee was the female component. Although The Shakers maintained a strong division between sexes, they also maintained equality between men and women. CULTURAL. https://quizlet.com/7626745/ap-us-history-timeline-unit-6-ch1415-flash-cards/ (Related) Shakers a religious group that established small utopian communities, ranging from Maine to Kentucky. The name Shaker came from a ritual shaking dance that the members of the group performed. In the mid-1800s, the Shakers reached their peak with almost 6000 members. The Shakers did not believe in having children, and so they only relied on converts to expand the community. In the end though, they were very few Americans who decided to live in utopian communities. https://quizlet.com/7626745/ap-us-history-timeline-unit-6-ch1415-flash-cards/ (Related) Shakers Date:1770sDescription/Significance:During the 1770s, there were group of people called "Shakers" who were named after their lively dance worship. Their characteristics were that they emphasized simple, communal living and were all expected to practice celibacy. They were first came to America from England by Mother Ann Lee. There were six thousand members by 1840; however, the movement died out by the 1940s. https://quizlet.com/7626745/ap-us-history-timeline-unit-6-ch1415-flash-cards/ (Related) shakers american religious sect devoted to the teachings of ann lee stanley, prohibited marriage and sexual relationships https://quizlet.com/7626745/ap-us-history-timeline-unit-6-ch1415-flash-cards/ (Related) Shakers American religious sect devoted to the teachings of Ann Lee Stanley, prohibited marriage and sexual relationships https://quizlet.com/7626745/ap-us-history-timeline-unit-6-ch1415-flash-cards/ Unitarianism a "spin-off" faith from the severe Puritanism of the past. Unitarians believed that God existed in only one person and not in the orthodox trinity. They also denied the divinity of Jesus, stressed the essential goodness of human nature, proclaimed their belief in free will and the possibility of salvation through good works, and pictured God as a loving father rather than a stern creator. The Unitarian movement began in New England at the end of the eighteenth century and was embraced by many of the leading "thinkers" or intellectuals of the day. https://quizlet.com/5427860/apush-16-flash-cards/ (Related) unitarianism belief that god existed in only one person and not in the orthodox trinity; denied the divinity of jesus; stressed the essential goodness of human nature rather than its vileness; believed in free will and the possibility of salvation through good works; god as a loving father rather than stern creator; followed by ralph waldo emerson; appealed to intellectuals whose rationalism and optimism naturally made them not support the hellfire doctrines of calvinism (especially predestination and human depravity) https://quizlet.com/5427860/apush-16-flash-cards/ (Related) UNITARIANISM a sect of Christianity who does not believe in the Trinity, which causes some to consider this non Christian. https://quizlet.com/5427860/apush-16-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) Herman Melville Moby Dick, typee, billy budd. https://quizlet.com/523385/chapter-12-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Herman Melville Herman Melville was an author born in New York in 1819. He was uneducated and an orphan. Melville served eighteen months as a whaler. These adventuresome years served as a major part in his writing. Melville wrote Moby Dick in 1851 which was much less popular than his tales of the South seas. Herman Melville died in 1891. https://quizlet.com/523385/chapter-12-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Herman Melville/ Moby Dick known as the greatest American writer of his era, his most important novel, published in 1851, was the story of Ahab, the powerful, driven captain of a whaling vessel who was obsessed with his search of Moby Dick, the great white whale that had once maimed him. This was as story of courage and the strength of human will, but also a tragedy of pride and revenge. https://quizlet.com/523385/chapter-12-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Herman Melville Herman Melville emerged as a scathing critic of transcendentalism. Melville wrote Moby Dick, a story about whaling. Although Moby Dick is a classic today, when it was written, it was a failure because it was too pessimistic. CULTURAL. https://quizlet.com/523385/chapter-12-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Herman Melville american writer whose experiences at sea provided the factual basis of moby-dick considered among the greatest american novels https://quizlet.com/523385/chapter-12-apush-flash-cards/ Louisa May Alcott the author of the novel Little Women. She grew up poor, because her father did not make enough money. Alcott held many jobs to make a living. She took pride in supporting herself and never married. She supported the idea of women being independent, though it was a challenge with the limited rights they had. https://quizlet.com/20803475/louisa-may-alcott-flash-cards/ (Related) Louisa May Alcott Authoress of over 20 books. https://quizlet.com/20803475/louisa-may-alcott-flash-cards/ (Related) Louisa May Alcott Novelist whose tales of family life helped economically support her own struggling transcendentalist family https://quizlet.com/20803475/louisa-may-alcott-flash-cards/ (Related) Louisa May Alcott American writer and reformer best known for her largely autobiographical novel Little Women (1868-1869). https://quizlet.com/20803475/louisa-may-alcott-flash-cards/ (Related) Louisa May Alcott Novelist whose tales of family life helped economically support her own struggling transcedentalist family try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) https://quizlet.com/20803475/louisa-may-alcott-flash-cards/ Nathaniel Hawthorne Nathaniel Hawthorne was a more pessimistic transcendentalist writer. Hawthorne wrote the Scarlett Letter, in which he explored the theme of individualism. CULTURAL. https://quizlet.com/464145/apush-ch11-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Nathaniel Hawthorne He wrote the Scarlet Letter in 1850. This was his masterpiece. He also wrote The Marble Faun. Many of his works had early American themes. The Scarlet Letter is about a woman who commits adultery in a Puritan village. Hawthorn's upbringing was heavily influenced by his puritan ancestors. https://quizlet.com/464145/apush-ch11-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Nathaniel Hawthorne originally a transcendentalist; later rejected them and became a leading antitranscendentalist. he was a descendant of puritan settlers. the scarlet letter shows the hypocrisy and insensitivity of new england puritans by showing their cruelty to a woman who has committed adultery and is forced to wear a scarlet "a". https://quizlet.com/464145/apush-ch11-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Nathaniel Hawthorne Originally a transcendentalist; later rejected them and became a leading antitranscendentalist. He was a descendant of Puritan settlers. The Scarlet Letter shows the hypocrisy and insensitivity of New England puritans by showing their cruelty to a woman who has committed adultery and is forced to wear a scarlet "A". https://quizlet.com/464145/apush-ch11-vocab-flash-cards/ Oneida Community A group of socio-religious perfectionists who lived in New York. Practiced polygamy, communal property, and communal raising of children. https://quizlet.com/149581/apush-ch12-flash-cards/ (Related) Oneida Community (1848) by John Noyes a radical utopian community established in New York, in which complex marriage (free love), male consistence (a form of birth control), and controlled breeding to create a new superior generation, were all practiced. the community lasted for over thirty years because artisans made advanced steel traps and the Oneida Community Plate (made of silver). https://quizlet.com/149581/apush-ch12-flash-cards/ (Related) Oneida Community A group of socio-religious perfectionists who lived in New York. Practiced polygamy, communal property, and communal raising of children. https://quizlet.com/149581/apush-ch12-flash-cards/ (Related) Oneida Community founded by john humphrey noyes. another radical communistic experiment founded in new york in 1848 that practiced free love ("complex marriage"), birth control and the eugenic selection of parents to produce a superior offspring. lasted for almost 30 years. https://quizlet.com/149581/apush-ch12-flash-cards/ Horace Mann "Father of Public Education." He pushed for free compulsory education and education that strayed from just "dead languages" to more "hands-on" education and the "3 R's." https://quizlet.com/7519601/apush-ch-15-terms-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Horace Mann/Education Reform 1830s; Mann started the Mass Bd. of Ed. and pushed for the idea of free public schools w/ trained teachers. The stated goals were to provide opportunities for all as well as teaching democracy and social values, but, clearly, social control of immigrants and training a skilled, docile industrial work force also played an imp role. Spread across the North, but was less effective in the West and had little impact on the South https://quizlet.com/7519601/apush-ch-15-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Public Education ; Horace Mann Def: This was another movement started in the Jacksonian era focused on the need for establishing free public schools for Children of all classes.Sig: Horace Mann (1796-1859) was the leading advocate of the common (public) school movement for tax-supported school spread rapidly to other states. https://quizlet.com/7519601/apush-ch-15-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Horace Mann (1796-1859) Secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education, he was a prominent proponent of public school reform, and set the standard for public schools throughout the nation. https://quizlet.com/7519601/apush-ch-15-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Horace mann Secretary of newly formed Massachusetts Board of Education; created public school system in Mass that became model for nation; Started first American public schools using European schools (Prussian military schools) as models https://quizlet.com/7519601/apush-ch-15-terms-flash-cards/ Mormons (Latter Day Saints) church founded by Joseph Smith in 1830 with headquarters in Salt Lake City, Utah, religious group that emphasized moderation, saving, hard work, and risk-taking; moved from IL to UT https://quizlet.com/8190241/apush-chapter-11-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Mormons church founded by Joseph Smith in 1830 with headquarters in Salt Lake City, Utah, religious group that emphasized moderation, saving, hard work, and risk-taking; moved from IL to Utah https://quizlet.com/8190241/apush-chapter-11-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Mormons church founded by Joseph Smith in 1830 with headquarters in Salt Lake City, Utah https://quizlet.com/8190241/apush-chapter-11-terms-flash-cards/ Transcendentalism The Transcendentalist movement of the 1830's consisted of mainly modernizing the old puritan beliefs. This system of beliefs owed a lot to foreign influences, and usually resembled the philosophies of John Locke. Transcendentalists believe that truth transcends the body through the senses, Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau were two of the more famous transcendentalists. https://quizlet.com/464145/apush-ch11-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Transcendentalism A philosophy pioneered by Ralph Waldo Emerson in the 1830's and 1840's, in which each person has direct communication with God and Nature, and there is no need for organized churches. It incorporated the ideas that mind goes beyond matter, intuition is valuable, that each soul is part of the Great Spirit, and each person is part of a reality where only the invisible is truly real. Promoted individualism, self-reliance, and freedom from social constraints, and emphasized emotions. https://quizlet.com/464145/apush-ch11-vocab-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Transcendentalism Transcendentalism was an intellectual movement rooted in the religious soil of New England. Transcendentalists turned to the romantics in Europe for inspiration. Many Transcendentalists believed in the importance of nature and degraded materialism. Transcendentalism greatly influenced modern American Literature. CULTURAL. https://quizlet.com/464145/apush-ch11-vocab-flash-cards/ Hudson River School Founded by Thomas Cole, first native school of landscape painting in the U.S.; attracted artists rebelling against the neoclassical tradition, painted many scenes of New York's Hudson River https://quizlet.com/16334769/chapter-12-apush-identifications-flash-cards/ Henry David Thoreau He was a poet, a mystic, a transcendentalist, a nonconformist, and a close friend of Ralph Waldo Emerson who lived from 1817-1862. He condemned government for supporting slavery and was jailed when he refused to pay his Mass. poll tax. He is well known for his novel about the two years of simple living he spent on the edge of Walden Pond called "Walden" , Or Life in the Woods. This novel furthered many idealistic thoughts. He was a great transcendentalist writer who not only wrote many great things, but who also encouraged, by his writings, Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr. https://quizlet.com/7619521/apush-chapter-15-the-american-pageant-flash-cards/ (Related) Henry David Thoreau A transcendentalist and friend of Emerson. He lived alone on Walden Pond with only $8 a year from 1845-1847 and wrote about it in Walden. https://quizlet.com/7619521/apush-chapter-15-the-american-pageant-flash-cards/ (Related) Henry David Thoreau American transcendentalist who was against a government that supported slavery. He wrote down his beliefs in Walden. He started the movement of civil-disobedience when he refused to pay the toll-tax to support him Mexican War. https://quizlet.com/7619521/apush-chapter-15-the-american-pageant-flash-cards/ (Related) Henry David Thoreau Henry David Thoreau was a famous American transcendentalist who turned to the environment for inspiration. Thoreau built a cabin at Walden Pond and lived there alone for two years. In 1854 Thoreau published his book, Walden, which was about his time spent living in isolation and his different feelings on society. CULTURAL. https://quizlet.com/7619521/apush-chapter-15-the-american-pageant-flash-cards/ (Related) Henry David Thoreau A New England man. An intellectual. follower of Emerson's literary movement. Built cabin near Walden pond. Advocated nonconformity and civil disobedience. https://quizlet.com/7619521/apush-chapter-15-the-american-pageant-flash-cards/ Ralph Waldo Emerson Trancendentalist https://quizlet.com/1477367/apush-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Ralph Waldo Emerson Ralph Waldo Emerson was one of the forerunners of the transcendentalist movement. Emerson celebrated the individual and rejected social constraints. CULTURAL. https://quizlet.com/1477367/apush-vocab-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Ralph Waldo Emerson transcendentalist, leading voice, Unitarian, explored "he infinitude of the private man", people trapped by inherited custom and intuitions, translated abstract ideas into ordinary people language https://quizlet.com/1477367/apush-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Ralph Waldo Emerson american transcendentalist who was against slavery and stressed self-reliance, optimism, self-improvement, self-confidence, and freedom. he was a prime example of a transcendentalist and helped further the movement. https://quizlet.com/1477367/apush-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Ralph Waldo Emerson a former minister turned essay writer, founder of Transcendentalism, focused on the idea of a radically free individual & emphasized nature, wrote "The American Scholar" & many other essays https://quizlet.com/1477367/apush-vocab-flash-cards/ American Temperance Society Was established in 1826. Within five years there were 2,220 local chapters in the U.S. with 170,000 members who had taken a pledge to abstain from drinking alcoholic beverages https://quizlet.com/8178889/amsco-ap-us-history-chapter-11-flash-cards/ (Related) American Temperance Society An organization group in which reformers are trying to help the ever present drink problem. This group was formed in Boston in 1826, and it was the first well-organized group created to deal with the problems drunkards had on societies well being, and the possible wellbeing of the individuals that are heavily influenced by alcohol. https://quizlet.com/8178889/amsco-ap-us-history-chapter-11-flash-cards/ (Related) American Temperance Society 1826, Protestant ministers and others concerned with the high rate of alcohol consumption and the effects of such excessive drinking, founded this society; wanted people to completely abstain from drinking alcohol https://quizlet.com/8178889/amsco-ap-us-history-chapter-11-flash-cards/ (Related) American Temperance Society A society that benefited from, and contributed to, a reform sentiment in much of the country promoting the abolition of slavery, expanding women's rights, temperance, and the improvement of society. https://quizlet.com/8178889/amsco-ap-us-history-chapter-11-flash-cards/ (Related) American Temperance Society Formed in Boston in 1826; against alcohol,which decreased efficiency of labor, increased machine accidents, and fouled sanctity of family and spiritual welfare; attacked alcohol with temperance and removing temptation by legislation; however,most laws against alcohol are declared unconstitutional and flouted; temperance is the only path; used temperance pledges,children's clubs and propaganda to protest alcohol https://quizlet.com/8178889/amsco-ap-us-history-chapter-11-flash-cards/ Harriet Tubman United States abolitionist born a slave on a plantation in Maryland and became a famous conductor on the Underground Railroad leading other slaves to freedom in the North (18201913) https://quizlet.com/8027784/apush-vocabulary-chapter-18-19-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Harriet Tubman Former slave who escaped and then returned to the South to help other slaves out of captivity. Later served as a spy in the Civil War.Sig: Helped to found the underground railroad, allowed for the freedom of many slaves, exemplified white slaveholders fears. https://quizlet.com/8027784/apush-vocabulary-chapter-18-19-flash-cards/ (Related) Harriet Tubman (c.1820-1913) Famed conductor on the Underground Railroad, Harriet Tubman helped rescue more than three hundred slaves from bondage. Born into slavery, Tubman fled to the North in 1849 but returned to the South nineteen times to guide fellow bondsman to freedom. After the Civil War, she worked to give freedmen access to education in North Carolina. https://quizlet.com/8027784/apush-vocabulary-chapter-18-19-flash-cards/ (Related) Harriet Tubman United States abolitionist born a slave on a plantation in Maryland and became a famous conductor on the Underground Railroad leading other slaves to freedom in the North (18201913) https://quizlet.com/8027784/apush-vocabulary-chapter-18-19-flash-cards/ (Related) Harriet Tubman American abolitionist. Born a slave on a Maryland plantation, she escaped to the North in 1849 and became the most renowned conductor on the Underground Railroad, leading more than 300 slaves to freedom. https://quizlet.com/8027784/apush-vocabulary-chapter-18-19-flash-cards/ William Lloyd Garrison (1831-1850s) most conspicious and most vilified of the abolitionists, published "The Liberator" in Boston, helped found the American Anti-Slavery Society; favored Northern secession and renounced politics https://quizlet.com/6831120/apush-ch-15-flash-cards/ (Related) William Lloyd Garrison (1805-1879) Garrison was a famous American abolitionist, social reformer, and journalist. He is best known for his famous paper The Liberator and for his founding of the American Anti-Slavery Society. Garrison was also a voice for the women's suffrage movement. https://quizlet.com/6831120/apush-ch-15-flash-cards/ (Related) William Lloyd Garrison prominent american abolitionist, journalist and social reformer. editor of radical abolitionist newspaper "the liberator", and one of the founders of the american antislavery society. https://quizlet.com/6831120/apush-ch-15-flash-cards/ (Related) William Lloyd Garrison 1805-1879. Prominent American abolitionist, journalist and social reformer. Editor of radical abolitionist newspaper "The Liberator", and one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society. https://quizlet.com/6831120/apush-ch-15-flash-cards/ (Related) William Lloyd Garrison 1805-1879. Prominent American abolitionist, journalist and social reformer. Editor of radical abolitionist newspaper "The Liberator", and one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society. https://quizlet.com/6831120/apush-ch-15-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) american anti-slavery society founded in 1833 by william lloyd garrison and other abolitionists. garrison burned the constitution as a proslavery document. argued for "no union with slaveholders" until they repented for their sins by freeing their slaves. https://quizlet.com/15734865/chapter-16-vocab-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) American Anti-Slavery Society (1833-1870) Abolitionist society founded by William Loyd Garrison, who advocated the immediate abolition of slavery; by 1838, the organization had more than 250,000 members across 1,350 chapters https://quizlet.com/15734865/chapter-16-vocab-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) American Anti-Slavery Society Founded in 1833 by William Lloyd Garrison and other abolitionists. Garrison burned the Constitution as a proslavery document. Argued for "no Union with slaveholders" until they repented for their sins by freeing their slaves. https://quizlet.com/15734865/chapter-16-vocab-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) American Anti-Slavery Society (1833) Founded in 1833 by William Lloyd Garrison and other abolitionists. Garrison burned the Constitution as a pro-slavery document. Argued for "no Union with slaveholders" until they repented for their sins by freeing their slaves. p.386 https://quizlet.com/15734865/chapter-16-vocab-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) American Anti-Slavery Society society of Theodore Weld, William Lloyd Garrison, Arthur and Lewis Tappan, along with about sixty other white and free African-American abolitionists, developed a program that they hoped would attract massive numbers of middle-class Americans https://quizlet.com/15734865/chapter-16-vocab-apush-flash-cards/ American Colonization Society The American Colonization Society was an attempt to satisfy both people who wanted to free African slaves and the slave owners who wanted to expel Africans from America. The American Colonization was established in 1817 by influential Americans who were worried about the impact of slavery and race on society founded the American Colonization Society. Cultural. https://quizlet.com/10455201/apush-terms-chapter-12-flash-cards/ (Related) American Colonization Society A Society that thought slavery was bad. They would buy land in Africa and get free blacks to move there. One of these such colonies was made into what now is Liberia. Most sponsors just wanted to get blacks out of their country. https://quizlet.com/10455201/apush-terms-chapter-12-flash-cards/ (Related) American Colonization Society (1817) reflecting the focus of early abolitionists on transporting freed blacks back to Africa, the organization established Liberia, a West-African settlement inteded as a haven for emancipated slaves https://quizlet.com/10455201/apush-terms-chapter-12-flash-cards/ (Related) American Colonization Society An organization devoted to sending former slaves to Africa. Many of its members believed slavery to be an evil institution but they also understood it's hold on the nation due to it's economic value. https://quizlet.com/10455201/apush-terms-chapter-12-flash-cards/ Frederick Douglass try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) Influencial writer. one of the most prominent african american figures in the abolitionist movement. escaped from slavery in maryland. he was a great thinker and speaker. published his own antislavery newspaper called the north star and wrote an autobiography that was published in 1845. https://quizlet.com/8055797/apush-the-american-pageant-12e-ch-16-the-south-and-slaveryflash-cards/ (Related) Frederick Douglass social reformer, orator, write and statesmen. Escaped from slavery and became a leader of the abolist movemnt. Major speaker for the cause of the abolition movement. Living example of slaves capacity to function as a citizen. supported womens suffrage and iks best known for his autobiographies especially the one about himself called the narrative of the life of _______. https://quizlet.com/8055797/apush-the-american-pageant-12e-ch-16-the-south-and-slaveryflash-cards/ (Related) Frederick Douglass [FD] born a slave in Maryland; escaped to Massachusetts 1838 and became an outspoken leader of antislavery and spent two years lecturing in England; purchased his freedom from his Maryland owner and founded the North Star; presented a cruel picture of slavery; became the leader of the black abolitionist cause; originall Frederick Bailey, then Johnson, and finally Douglass https://quizlet.com/8055797/apush-the-american-pageant-12e-ch-16-the-south-and-slaveryflash-cards/ (Related) Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass (1845) vivid autobiography of the escaped slave and renowed abolitionist Frederick Douglass https://quizlet.com/8055797/apush-the-american-pageant-12e-ch-16-the-south-and-slaveryflash-cards/ (Related) Frederick Douglass (late 1830s-1840s) born a slave but escaped to the North and became a prominent black abolitionist; gifted orator, writer, and editor; published "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass" https://quizlet.com/8055797/apush-the-american-pageant-12e-ch-16-the-south-and-slaveryflash-cards/ (Related) Frederick Douglass United States abolitionist who escaped from slavery and became an influential writer and lecturer in the North (1817-1895) one of the most prominent African American figures in the abolitionist movement. escaped from slavery in Maryland. he was a great thinker and speaker. Published his own antislavery newspaper called the North star and wrote an autobiography that was published in 1845., https://quizlet.com/8055797/apush-the-american-pageant-12e-ch-16-the-south-and-slaveryflash-cards/ Gag Resolution Strict rule passed by prosouthern Congressmen in 1836 to prohibit all discussion of slavery in the House of Representatives https://quizlet.com/55984902/apush-chapter-19-flash-cards/ (Related) Gag Resolution Strict rule passed by prosouthern Congressmen in 1836 to prohibit all discussion of slavery in the House of Representatives https://quizlet.com/55984902/apush-chapter-19-flash-cards/ (Related) What was the House Gag resolution? try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) This was an agreement that congress would not talk about the issue of slavery to avoid conflict in the government. It angered many Americans because they thought it was against their first amendment rights to discuss these issues. https://quizlet.com/55984902/apush-chapter-19-flash-cards/ (Related) Gag resolution A strict rule passed by pro-southern Congressmen in 1836 to prohibit all discussion of slavery in the House of Representatives. All petitions were effectively "tabled"; or prevented petitions from being read or discussed. Such a rule threatened freedom of speech and petition. The gag rule passed with 117 to 68 in congress. The main argument was that congress had no right to infere with slavery. https://quizlet.com/55984902/apush-chapter-19-flash-cards/ (Related) Gag resolution (1836) prohibited debate or action on antislavery appeals; driven throught eh House by pro-slavery Southerners, the gag resoultion passed every year for eight years, eventually overturned with the help of John Quincy Adams https://quizlet.com/55984902/apush-chapter-19-flash-cards/ David Walker he was a black abolitionist who called for the immediate emancipation of slaves. wrote pamphlet on black pride. he wrote the "appeal to the colored citizens of the world." it called for a bloody end to white supremacy. he believed that the only way to end slavery was for slaves to physically revolt. https://quizlet.com/29805947/apush-chapter-13-flash-cards/ (Related) David Walker He was a black abolitionist who called for the immediate emancipation of slaves. He wrote the "Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World." It called for a bloody end to white supremacy. He believed that the only way to end slavery was for slaves to physically revolt. https://quizlet.com/29805947/apush-chapter-13-flash-cards/ (Related) David Walker He was a black abolitionist who called for the immediate emancipation of slaves. He wrote the "Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World." It called for a bloody end to white supremacy. He believed that the only way to end slavery was for slaves to physically revolt. https://quizlet.com/29805947/apush-chapter-13-flash-cards/ (Related) David Walker was an outspoken African American activist who demanded the immediate end of slavery in the new nation. A leader within the Black enclave in Boston, Massachusetts, he published in 1829 his Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World: a call to "awaken my brethren" to the power within Black unity and struggle. https://quizlet.com/29805947/apush-chapter-13-flash-cards/ (Related) David Walker an audaciously outspoken Black American activist who demanded the immediate end of slavery in the new nation. A leader within the Black enclave in Boston, Massachusetts. David Walker's Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World: a call to "awaken my brethren" to the power within Black unity and struggle. recognized for his critical contribution to ending chattel slavery in the United States. one of the most important political and social documents of the 19th century. They credit Walker for exerting a radicalizing influence on the abolitionist movements of his day and beyond. He has inspired many generations of Black leaders and activists of all backgrounds. https://quizlet.com/29805947/apush-chapter-13-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) Harriet Beecher Stowe novelist. wrote uncle tom's cabin, a book about a slave who is treated badly, in 1852. the book persuaded more people, particularly northerners, to become anti-slavery. https://quizlet.com/7231837/chapter-19-covab-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Harriet Beecher Stowe A nineteenth-century American author best known for Uncle Tom's Cabin, a powerful novel that inflamed sentiment against slavery. https://quizlet.com/7231837/chapter-19-covab-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote uncle tom's cabin, a book about a slave who is treated badly, in 1852. the book persuaded more people, particularly northerners, to become anti-slavery. https://quizlet.com/7231837/chapter-19-covab-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Harriet Beecher Stowe Wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin, a book about a slave who is treated badly, in 1852. The book persuaded more people to become anti-slavery. https://quizlet.com/7231837/chapter-19-covab-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Harriet Beecher Stowe She wrote the abolitionist book. It helped to crystallize the rift between the North and South. It has been called the greatest American propaganda novel ever written, and helped to bring about the Civil War. In 1862, when she visited President Lincoln, legend claims that he greeted her: "So this is the little lady who made this big war?" https://quizlet.com/7231837/chapter-19-covab-apush-flash-cards/ Sojourner Truth United States abolitionist and feminist who was freed from slavery and became a leading advocate of the abolition of slavery and for the rights of women (1797-1883) https://quizlet.com/7620074/apush-chapter-16-the-american-pageant-flash-cards/ (Related) Sojourner Truth (1840s) freed black woman in New York who fought tirelessly for black emancipation and women's rights https://quizlet.com/7620074/apush-chapter-16-the-american-pageant-flash-cards/ (Related) Sojourner Truth An abolitionist and escaped slave of the nineteenth century. She was famous as a speaker against slavery. https://quizlet.com/7620074/apush-chapter-16-the-american-pageant-flash-cards/ (Related) Sojourner Truth Sojourner Truth was a slave who escaped in 1827. As a Black abolitionist and a woman, she often met prejudice from anti-feminist White abolitionists who also expected free Black people to be quiet members of the movement. She became an important spokesperson for the abolitionist movement and was an influential bridge between that and the women's rights movement https://quizlet.com/7620074/apush-chapter-16-the-american-pageant-flash-cards/ (Related) Sojourner Truth American abolitionist and feminist. Born into slavery, she escaped in 1827 and became a leading preacher against slavery and for the rights of women. https://quizlet.com/7620074/apush-chapter-16-the-american-pageant-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) Lucy Stone women's rights advocatefounder of National Women's Suffrage Association https://quizlet.com/32231479/apush-unit-3-terms-womens-rights-flash-cards/ (Related) Lucy Stone woman who maintained her maiden name after marriage; was extremely important to woman's suffrage https://quizlet.com/32231479/apush-unit-3-terms-womens-rights-flash-cards/ (Related) Lucy Stone (1818-1893) American woman suffragist, she was a well-known and accomplished antislavery speaker who supported the women's rights movement. She was the first woman to receive a college degree and the first to keep her maiden name. https://quizlet.com/32231479/apush-unit-3-terms-womens-rights-flash-cards/ (Related) Lucy Stone This woman formed American Women's suffrage movement. She also became abolitionist, lecturer for Anti-Slavery Society. She did not want to separate the women's rights movement from the abolitionist/civil rights movement. She was also one of the first American women to keep her maiden name after marriage. https://quizlet.com/32231479/apush-unit-3-terms-womens-rights-flash-cards/ Susan B. Anthony Susan B Anthony was a leader of the women's suffrage movement. Anthony helped found the National Women's Suffrage Association with Elizabeth Cady Stanton. She convinced congressional supporters to introduce a Constitutional amendment giving women the right to vote. This amendment, however, did not become the law until 14 years after her death. POLITICAL. https://quizlet.com/17965662/apush-ch-25-flash-cards/ (Related) Susan B. Anthony Susan B. Anthony was a lecturer for women's rights. She was a Quaker. Many conventions were held for the rights of women in the 1840s. Susan B. Anthony was a strong woman who believed that men and women were equal. She fought for her rights even though people objected. Her followers were called Suzy B's. https://quizlet.com/17965662/apush-ch-25-flash-cards/ (Related) Susan B. Anthony Reformer and woman suffragist, she, with long-time friend Elizabeth Cady Stanton, advocated for temperance and women's rights in New York State, established the abolitionist Women's Loyal Leasgue during the Civil War, and founded the National Woman Suggrage Association in 1869 to lobby for a constitutional amendment giving women the vote. https://quizlet.com/17965662/apush-ch-25-flash-cards/ (Related) Susan B. Anthony key leader of woman suffrage movement, social reformer who campaigned for womens rights, the temperance, and was an abolitionist, helped form the national woman suffrage assosiation https://quizlet.com/17965662/apush-ch-25-flash-cards/ (Related) Susan B. Anthony Key leader of woman suffrage movement, social reformer who campaigned for womens rights, the temperance, and was an abolitionist, helped form the National Woman Suffrage Assosiation https://quizlet.com/17965662/apush-ch-25-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) Emma Willard The first American advocator of higher education for women, and founded four academies for girls in the 1800s. https://quizlet.com/54311369/apush-vocab-ch-8-flash-cards/ (Related) Emma Willard (1787-1870) Early supporter of women's education, in 1818 she published Plan for Improving Female Education, which became the basis for public education of women in New York. In 1821, she opened her own girls' school, the Troy Female Seminary, designed to prepare women for college. https://quizlet.com/54311369/apush-vocab-ch-8-flash-cards/ (Related) Emma Willard Emma Willard was the first American female advocate of higher education for women. Willard opened the Middlebury Female Seminary. She also founded schools in New York for girls. Cultural. https://quizlet.com/54311369/apush-vocab-ch-8-flash-cards/ (Related) Emma Willard Early supporter of women's education, in 1818. She published Plan for Improving Education, which became the basis for public education of women in New York. 1821, she opened her own girls' school, the Troy Female Seminary, designed to prepare women for college. https://quizlet.com/54311369/apush-vocab-ch-8-flash-cards/ (Related) Emma Willard in 1821 founded Troy Female Seminary in New York which was a model for girls' schools everywhere https://quizlet.com/54311369/apush-vocab-ch-8-flash-cards/ john tyler elected Vice President and became the 10th President of the United States when Harrison died 1841-1845, President responsible for annexation of Mexico after receiving mandate from Polk, opposed many parts of the Whig program for economic recovery https://quizlet.com/8163389/apush-ch-17-18-flash-cards/ (Related) John Tyler Took office after the death of William Henry Harrison in 1841. He was a democrat but was swayed by his adoptive Whig Party. He signed a law to end the independent treasury but he vetoed attempts to create a Fiscal Bank. "His accidency". https://quizlet.com/8163389/apush-ch-17-18-flash-cards/ (Related) John Tyler Harrison's VP who became president after Harrison's death; didn't really have a party- he ran as a Whig but still agreed with Democratic ideas; vetoed independent treasury and passed the protective tariff down to 1832 levels during his presidency https://quizlet.com/8163389/apush-ch-17-18-flash-cards/ (Related) John Tyler Becomes president after Harrison's death, stubbornly attached to principle, ex-democrat (became a Whig because he did not like the dictatorial tactics of Jackson), accused of being a Democrat in Whig clothing which is only partially true (Whig party, like Democratic party, was a catchall and Tyler belonged to the minority wing), Tyler had been put on the ballot to attract the fringe group of Jeffersonian states' righters https://quizlet.com/8163389/apush-ch-17-18-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) John Tyler elected Vice President and became the 10th President of the United States when Harrison died 1841-1845, President responsible for annexation of Mexico after receiving mandate from Polk, opposed many parts of the Whig program for economic recovery https://quizlet.com/8163389/apush-ch-17-18-flash-cards/ Webster-Ashburton Treaty treaty resolving border issues between US and British North American Colonies. Particularly a dispute over Maine-New Brunswick resolved old border confusions. Signed by Daniel Webster and Baron Ashburton. https://quizlet.com/8114363/apush-unit-4-flash-cards/ (Related) Webster-Ashburton Treaty signed August 9, 1842, was a treaty resolving several border issues between the United States and the British North American colonies, particularly a dispute over the location of the Maine-New Brunswick border. Also banned the slave trade (on the ocean) https://quizlet.com/8114363/apush-unit-4-flash-cards/ (Related) Webster-Ashburton Treaty Signed in 1842, the Treaty resolved a number of border disputes between the US and the British North American colonies. The Maine-Newbrunswick border, the Lake Superior and the Lake of the Woods border, saw the 49th parallel as the border in the West. A formal end to slave trade on the high seas and shared use of the Great Lakes was established. Borders became fixed. https://quizlet.com/8114363/apush-unit-4-flash-cards/ (Related) Webster-Ashburton Treaty British wanted to build a road from Halifax to Quebec. Proposed route ran through disputed territory; Lumberjacks fought a small scale clash dubbed the Aroostook War which threatened to widen; Lord Ashburton sent to Washington to work out a compromise with Secretary Webster; Compromise was reached: Maine boundary-Americans retain 7,000 square miles of 12,000 in dispute, British got Halifax to Quebec route; when boundary was adjusted further west, American got 6,500 more square miles that contained the priceless Mesabi iron ore of Minnesota. https://quizlet.com/8114363/apush-unit-4-flash-cards/ (Related) Webster-Ashburton Treaty signed August 9, 1842, was a treaty resolving several border issues between the United States and the British North American colonies. It resolved a dispute over the location of the Maine-New Brunswick border, established the border between Lake Superior and the Lake of the Woods, originally defined in the Treaty of Paris (1783), reaffirmed the location of the border (at the 49th parallel) in the westward frontier up to the Rocky Mountains defined in the Treaty of 1818, called for a final end to the slave trade on the high seas, and agreed to shared use of the Great Lakes. The treaty was signed by United States Secretary of State Daniel Webster and British diplomat Alexander Baring, 1st Baron Ashburton https://quizlet.com/8114363/apush-unit-4-flash-cards/ Annexation of Texas U.S. made Texas a state in 1845. Joint resolution - both houses of Congress supported annexation under Tyler, and he signed the bill shortly before leaving office-part of John Tyler's presidential campaign https://quizlet.com/4138026/apush-unit-5-flash-cards/ (Related) Annexation of Texas Polk sends delegates to Mexico with $25 million for California and land between TX and CA; US sends troops into Texas's disputed border land, Mexicans attack and war is declared; US wins all land and Texas's southern boundary is the Rio Grande try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) https://quizlet.com/4138026/apush-unit-5-flash-cards/ (Related) Annexation of Texas During president Tyler's administration ... arranged for annexation by joint resolution of Congress. Passed in early 1845; Texas formally invited to become 28th star on American Flag .. .28th state ... https://quizlet.com/4138026/apush-unit-5-flash-cards/ Manifest Destiny This expression was popular in the 1840s. Many people believed that the U.S. was destined to secure territory from "sea to sea," from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. This rationale drove the acquisition of territory. https://quizlet.com/44682989/apush-chapter-17-manifest-destiny-and-its-legacy-flash-cards/ (Related) Manifest Destiny A notion held by a nineteenth-century Americans that the United States was destined to rule the continent, from the Atlantic the Pacific. https://quizlet.com/44682989/apush-chapter-17-manifest-destiny-and-its-legacy-flash-cards/ (Related) Manifest Destiny the 19th century American belief that the United States was destined to expand across the continent. It was used by Democrats in the 1840s to justify the war with Mexico; the concept was denounced by Whigs, and fell into disuse after the mid-19th century. First used for the annexation of Texas issue. Opposed by Clay, Webster and Lincoln, but supported by Polk. https://quizlet.com/44682989/apush-chapter-17-manifest-destiny-and-its-legacy-flash-cards/ (Related) Manifest Destiny the American belief that God meant for them to spread democracy to the whole continent; led to many conflicts, especially the Mexican War; term was first used by John O'Sullivan https://quizlet.com/44682989/apush-chapter-17-manifest-destiny-and-its-legacy-flash-cards/ (Related) Manifest Destiny Phrase commonly used in the 1840's and 1850's. It expressed the inevitableness of continued expansion of the U.S. to the Pacific. https://quizlet.com/44682989/apush-chapter-17-manifest-destiny-and-its-legacy-flash-cards/ James K. Polk 11th President of the United States from Tennessee; committed to westward expansion (believed in Manifest Destiny); led the country during the Mexican War; U.S. annexed Texas and took over Oregon during his administration https://quizlet.com/10710108/ap-us-history-chapter-17-flash-cards/ (Related) James K. Polk 17 13th President. Dark-Horse (1844) whose four pronged approach to presidency was: reestablish the independent treasury system, reduce tariffs, aquire Oregon, and acquire California and New Mexico from Mexico. https://quizlet.com/10710108/ap-us-history-chapter-17-flash-cards/ (Related) James K. Polk 11th president of the United StatesDark horse candidate, huge proponent of manifest destinyDemocrat https://quizlet.com/10710108/ap-us-history-chapter-17-flash-cards/ Election of 1844 try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) Candidates: Henry Clay (Whigs- in an upset over Van Buren) and James Polk (Democrat). Polk favored expansion, demanded that Texas and Oregon be added to the US and Clay had already spoken out against annexation. Polk won the election by the difference of one state (NY, because some of its votes went to the Liberty Party candidate, losing Clay the state) https://quizlet.com/4077007/ap-us-history-unit-5-flash-cards/ (Related) Election of 1844: Candidates James K. Polk - Democrat. Henry Clay - Whig. James G. Birney - Liberty Party. https://quizlet.com/4077007/ap-us-history-unit-5-flash-cards/ (Related) Election of 1844: Issues Manifest Destiny Issues: The annexation of Texas and the reoccupation of Oregon. Tariff reform. https://quizlet.com/4077007/ap-us-history-unit-5-flash-cards/ (Related) Election of 1844: Third party's impact Third party's impact was significant. James G. Birney drew enough votes away from Clay to give Polk New York, and thus the election. https://quizlet.com/4077007/ap-us-history-unit-5-flash-cards/ (Related) Election of 1844 Van Buren and Calhoun competed for the Democrats' seat, but lost the nomination to dark horse candidate James K. Polk. He was a war hero and... and... did we mention he was a war hero? Meanwhile, Whigs were unable to harness the same sort of energy towards their candidate Henry Clay, and votes were also taken by a third party (Liberty Party) to give Polk the presidency. https://quizlet.com/4077007/ap-us-history-unit-5-flash-cards/ (Related) Election of 1844 o Issues were Texas and Expansion of America.• Oregon was the expansion part.• Annex Texas or what?• Democrats chose the dark horse candidate James K. Polko No one really knew about him.o For expansion• Whigs chose Henry Clayo Against expansiono Northern Whigs and Southern Whigs• Northern Whigs changed themselves to the Liberty Partyo Candidate for them was James Birney• Takes a lot of votes from Clay Loses the Presidency https://quizlet.com/4077007/ap-us-history-unit-5-flash-cards/ (Related) Election of 1844 Henry Clay vs. James K. Polk (Polk wins) https://quizlet.com/4077007/ap-us-history-unit-5-flash-cards/ Ostend Manifesto 1854stated that the US was to offer $120 million to Spain for CUba and if it refused and Spain;s ownership of the land continued to endanger the US, then AMerica would be justified in seizing the land (sell or it'll be taken) https://quizlet.com/3429097/apush-chapter-18-flash-cards/ (Related) Ostend Manifesto The Ostend Manifesto took place in 1854. A group of southerners met with Spanish officials in Belgium to attempt to get more slave territory. They felt this would balance out congress. They tried to buy Cuba but the Spanish would not sell it. Southerners wanted to take it by force and the northerners were outraged by this thought. https://quizlet.com/3429097/apush-chapter-18-flash-cards/ (Related) Ostend Manifesto a confidential 1854 dispatch to the U.S.State Department from American diplomats meeting in Ostend, Belgium, suggesting that the U.S. would be justified in seizing Cuba if Spain try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) refused to sell it to the U.S. When word of the document leaked, Northerners seethed at this "slaveholders plot" to extend slavery https://quizlet.com/3429097/apush-chapter-18-flash-cards/ (Related) Ostend Manifesto a declaration (1854) issued from ostend, belgium, by the u.s. ministers to england, france, and spain, stating that the u.s. would be justified in seizing cuba if spain did not sell it to the u.s. a document drawn up in 1854 that instructed the buying of cuba from spain, then suggested the taking of cuba by force it caused outrage among northerners who felt it was a southern attempt to extend slavery as states in cuba would be southern states. https://quizlet.com/3429097/apush-chapter-18-flash-cards/ (Related) Ostend Manifesto (1854) Secret Franklin Pierce administration proposal to purchase or, that failing, to wrest militarily Cuba from Spain. Once leaked, it was quickly abandoned due to vehement opposition from the North. https://quizlet.com/3429097/apush-chapter-18-flash-cards/ Spot Resolutions Proposed by Abraham Lincoln in the spring of 1846. After news from president James K. Polk that 16 American service men had been killed or wounded on the Mexican border in American territory, Abraham Lincoln, then a congressman from Illinois, proposed these resolutions to find out exactly on what spot the American soldier's blood had been shed. In Polk's report to congress the President stated that the American soldiers fell on American soil, but they actually fell on disputed territory that Mexico had historical claims to. To find out were the soldiers fell was important because congress was near to declaring war on Mexico. https://quizlet.com/626897/midterm-identification-terms-apush-ch17-flash-cards/ The Walker Tariff of 1846 The Walker Tariff was a set of tariff rates adopted by the United States in 1846. The Walker Tariff was enacted by the Democrats, and made substantial cuts in the high rates of the "Black Tariff" of 1842, enacted by the Whigs. It was based on a report by Secretary of the Treasury Robert J. Walker. The Walker Tariff reduced rates by 25% to 35% https://quizlet.com/62763637/apush-chapter-17-vocabulary-flash-cards/ (Related) Walker Tariff of 1846 the name for the Polk administration tariff that lowered rates from 32 to 25 percent and proved to be a good revenue producer. https://quizlet.com/62763637/apush-chapter-17-vocabulary-flash-cards/ Mexican American War A war between the U.S. and Mexico spanned the period from spring 1846 to fall 1847. The war was initiated by the United States and resulted in Mexico's defeat and the loss of approximately 1/3 of its national territory in the north. https://quizlet.com/119604990/apush-causes-and-effects-of-the-mexican-american-war-1848flash-cards/ Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) Ended Mexican-American War; Mexico gave up all claims to land from Texas to California for $15 million https://quizlet.com/8025607/apush-chapter-18-the-american-pageant-flash-cards/ (Related) Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo This treaty was negotiated by the chief clerk of the State Department, Nicholas P. after a few failed attempts at an armistice. He signed the treaty on February 2nd, The treaty was very successful, giving America claim to Texas, and all of the land Texas stretching up to Oregon, including California. The U.S. paid $15 million for try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. Trist, 1848. west of the qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) land, which increased the size of the country by about 1/3. Some were resentful of the victory over Mexico and the terms of the treaty because they thought that the U.S. should get all of Mexico. Others were angry because they thought Polk hadn't followed the "AngloSaxon spirit of fair play." https://quizlet.com/8025607/apush-chapter-18-the-american-pageant-flash-cards/ (Related) Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo February 2 1848. The agreement between President Polk and the new Mexican government for Mexico to cede California and New Mexico to the US and acknowledge the Rio Grand as the boundary of Texas. In return, the US promised to assume any financial claims its new citizens had against Mexico and to pay the Mexicans $15 million. https://quizlet.com/8025607/apush-chapter-18-the-american-pageant-flash-cards/ (Related) Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo peace treat largely dictated by the US to the Gov. of military occupied Mexico City which ended the Mexico American war (1846-1848) Mexico surrendered to the US and entered negotiation to end the war. Negotiated by Nicholas Trist and General Winfield Scott. US gained Mexican Cession and the Rio Grande river was the southern boundary of the US and Texas. https://quizlet.com/8025607/apush-chapter-18-the-american-pageant-flash-cards/ Wilmot Proviso Bill proposed after the Mexican War that stated that neither slavery no involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any territory gained from Mexico. It was never passed through both houses but it transformed the debate of slavery. https://quizlet.com/3427218/apush-chapter-17-flash-cards/ (Related) The Wilmot Proviso Proposal to prohibit slavery in any land acquired in the Mexican War, but southern senators, led by John C. Calhoun of South Carolina, defeated the measure in 1846 and 1847. It Failed https://quizlet.com/3427218/apush-chapter-17-flash-cards/ (Related) WIlmot Proviso stated that slavery should not exist in any of the Mexican cessions -passed House, but not Senate-IMPORTANCE: opened old wounds of slavery and leads to the Civil War https://quizlet.com/3427218/apush-chapter-17-flash-cards/ (Related) Wilmot Proviso Proposal to prohibit slavery in any land acquired in the Mexican War, but southern senators, led by John C. Calhoun of South Carolina, defeated the measure in 1846 and 1847. https://quizlet.com/3427218/apush-chapter-17-flash-cards/ (Related) Wilmot Proviso Dispute over whether any Mexican territory that America won during the Mexican War should be free or a slave territory. A representative named David Wilmot introduced an amendment stating that any territory acquired from Mexico would be free. This amendment passed the House twice, but failed to ever pass in Senate. The "Wilmot Proviso", as it became known as, became a symbol of how intense dispute over slavery was in the U.S. and causes sectionalism https://quizlet.com/3427218/apush-chapter-17-flash-cards/ popular sovereignty notion that the sovereign people of a given territory should decide whether to allow slavery. Seemingly a compromise, it was largely opposed by Northern abolitionists who feared it would promote the spread of slavery to the territories. https://quizlet.com/30070452/apush-ch-18-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Popular Sovereignty the legitimacy of the state is determined by the will or the consent of the people for political matters. Popular Sovereignty was used before the civil war that when territories were becoming states could vote whether to be a free or a slave state. https://quizlet.com/30070452/apush-ch-18-flash-cards/ (Related) popular sovereignty Notion that the sovereign people of a given territory should decide whether to allow slavery. Seemingly a compromise, it was largely opposed by Northern abolitionists who feared it would promote the spread of slavery to the territories https://quizlet.com/30070452/apush-ch-18-flash-cards/ (Related) Popular Sovereignty people of territory make their own decision regarding slavery;expected to use constitutional principles;General Lewis Cass= "father" https://quizlet.com/30070452/apush-ch-18-flash-cards/ (Related) popular sovereignty The concept that political power rests with the people who can create, alter, and abolish government. People express themselves through voting and free participation in government https://quizlet.com/30070452/apush-ch-18-flash-cards/ free-soil movement; Free-Soil party Did not want end of slavery but they wanted to keep the West a land of opportunity for whites only so that the white majority would not have to compete with the labor of slaves or free blacks; Free-Soil party in 1848 in North, saying, "free soil, free labor, free men"; advocated free homesteads (public land grants to small farmers) and internal improvements https://quizlet.com/8190266/apush-unit-5-chapter-18-flash-cards/ California gold rush (1849) thousands of miners travel to Northern California after news reports of the discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill in January of 1848 had spread around the world. This caused Californians to apply for statehood in 1849 https://quizlet.com/3858717/apush-chapter-18-flash-cards/ (Related) California Gold Rush 1848 gold was discovered by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill, in Coloma, California. News of the discovery soon spread, resulting in some 300,000 men, women, and children coming to California from the rest of the United States and abroad. These early gold-seekers, called "forty-niners," traveled to California by sailing boat and in covered wagons across the continent, often facing substantial hardships on the trip. San Francisco grew from a small settlement to a boomtown, and roads, churches, schools and other towns were built throughout California. A system of laws and a government were created, leading to the admission of California as a state in 1850 https://quizlet.com/3858717/apush-chapter-18-flash-cards/ (Related) California gold rush (beginning in 1949) Inflow of thousands of miners to Northern California after news reports of the discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill in January of 1848 has spread around the world by the end of that year. The onslaught of migrants prompted Californians to organize a government and apply for statehood in 1849. https://quizlet.com/3858717/apush-chapter-18-flash-cards/ (Related) California Gold Rush try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (1849) Inflow of thousands of miners to Northern California after news reports of the discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill in January of 1848 had spread around the world by the end of the year. The onslaught of migrants prompted Californians to organize a government and apply for statehood in 1849 https://quizlet.com/3858717/apush-chapter-18-flash-cards/ Compromise of 1850 package of five bills sent in September 1850. It defused a four year confrontation between the southern slave states and the northern Free states following the Mexican American War. Drafted by Whig Henry Clay and brokered by Democrat Stephen Douglas it temporarily avoided secession or civil war at the time and it quieted a sectional conflict for 4 years. https://quizlet.com/1471001/apush-ch-18-flash-cards/ (Related) Compromise of 1850 1850, Forestalled the Civil War by instating the Fugitive Slave Act , banning slave trade in DC, admitting California as a free state, splitting up the Texas territory, and instating popular sovereignty in the Mexican Cession https://quizlet.com/1471001/apush-ch-18-flash-cards/ (Related) Compromise of 1850 North:• California admitted as a free state• Texas gave up its claims to lands disputed with New Mexico• Slave trade in D.C. was banned, but slavery was legalSouth:• Popular sovereignty in Mexican Cession lands• Texas was paid $10 million for land lost• A new, tougher Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 https://quizlet.com/1471001/apush-ch-18-flash-cards/ (Related) Compromise of 1850 Forestalled the Civil War by instating the Fugitive Slave Act , banning slave trade in DC, admitting California as a free state, splitting up the Texas territory, and instating popular sovereignty in the Mexican Cession https://quizlet.com/1471001/apush-ch-18-flash-cards/ (Related) Compromise of 1850 A series of agreements between North and South that temporarily dampened the slavery controversy and led to a short-lived era of national good feelings https://quizlet.com/1471001/apush-ch-18-flash-cards/ Fugitive Slave Law Enacted by Congress in 1793 and 1850, these laws provided for the return of escaped slaves to their owners. The North was lax about enforcing the 1793 law, which irritated the South to no end. The 1850 law was tougher and was aimed at eliminating the underground railroad. https://quizlet.com/21625945/apush-terms-franklin-benjamin-fugitive-slave-act-flash-cards/ (Related) Fugitive slave law of 1850 came from the Compromise of 1850; paid federal commissioners were appointed and given authority to issue warrants, gather, posses and force citizens to help catch runaway slaves; the slaves could not testify inthier own behalf, "Man-Stealing Law". shocked moderates into being antislaveryites https://quizlet.com/21625945/apush-terms-franklin-benjamin-fugitive-slave-act-flash-cards/ Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 Stephen A. Douglas - This Act set up Kansas and Nebraska as states. Each state would use popular sovereignty to decide what to do about slavery. People who were proslavery and antislavery moved to Kansas, but some antislavery settlers were against the Act. This began guerrilla warfare.- Missouri Compromise forbid slavery, so it was repealed > made Free Soilers mad and angers north https://quizlet.com/3446927/apush-unit-5-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) ended the peace established between the North and South by the Compromise of 1850. It was proposed by Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois and repealed the Missouri Compromise. The act enforced popular sovereignty upon the new territories but was opposed by Northern Democrats and Whigs. It was passed, however, because President Pierce supported it. The purpose of the bill was to facilitate the building of the transcontinental railroad on a central route. https://quizlet.com/3446927/apush-unit-5-flash-cards/ (Related) Kansas-Nebraska Act set forth in 1854, said that Kansas and Nebraska should come into the Union under popular sovereignty. Senator Stephen A. Douglas introduced it, and it pushed the country even closer the Civil War. https://quizlet.com/3446927/apush-unit-5-flash-cards/ (Related) Kansas-Nebraska Act a compromise law in 1854 that suspended the Missouri Compromise and left it to voters in Kansas and Nebraska to determine whether they would be slave or free states. the law exacerbated sectional tensions when voters can to blows over the question of slavery in Kansas. It was very controversial, supported by President Pierce and not supported by Douglass https://quizlet.com/3446927/apush-unit-5-flash-cards/ Gadsden Purchase the purchasing of land from Mexico that completed the continental United States It provided the land needed to build the transcontinental railroad in 1853 for $10 million https://quizlet.com/8590744/ap-us-history-ch-18-19-flash-cards/ (Related) Gadsden Purchase Purchasing of land from Mexico that completed the continental United States It provided the land needed to build the transcontinental railroad. https://quizlet.com/8590744/ap-us-history-ch-18-19-flash-cards/ (Related) Gadsden Purchase The Gadsden Purchase was the 1853 treaty in which the United States bought from Mexico parts of what is now southern Arizona and southern New Mexico. Southerners wanted this land in order to build southern transcontinental railroad. The heated debate over this issue in the Senate demonstrates the prevalence of sectional disagreement. https://quizlet.com/8590744/ap-us-history-ch-18-19-flash-cards/ (Related) Gadsden Purchase The Gadsden Purchase was the 1853 treaty in which the United States bought from Mexico parts of what is now southern Arizona and southern New Mexico. Southerners wanted this land in order to build southern transcontinental railroad, it also showed the American belief in Manifest Destiny. The heated debate over this issue in the Senate demonstrates the prevalence of sectional disagreement. https://quizlet.com/8590744/ap-us-history-ch-18-19-flash-cards/ (Related) gadsden purchase The Gadsden Purchase was the 1853 treaty in which the United States bought from Mexico parts of what is now southern Arizona and southern New Mexico. Southerners wanted this land in order to build southern transcontinental railroad. The heated debate over this issue in the Senate demonstrates the prevalence of sectional disagreement, manifest destiny https://quizlet.com/8590744/ap-us-history-ch-18-19-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) Republican Party began in the 1850s, dedicated to keeping slavery out of the territories, but they championed a wider range of issues, including the further development of national roads, more liberal land distribution in the West, and increased protective tariffs. Comprised of Whigs, Northern Democrats, and Free-Soilers, in defiance to the Slave Powers https://quizlet.com/3206391/chapter-13-time-period-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Democratic-Republican Party Led by Thomas Jefferson, believed people should have political power, favored strong STATE governments, emphasized agriculture, strict interpretation of the Constitution, pro-French, opposed National Bank https://quizlet.com/3206391/chapter-13-time-period-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) National Republican Party After the 1824 election, part of the Democratic - Republican party joined John Q. Adams, Clay, and Daniel Webster to oppose Andrew Jackson. They favored nationalistic measures like recharter of the Bank of the United States, high tariffs, and internal improvements at national expense. They were supported mainly by Northwesterners and were not very successful. They were conservatives alarmed by Jackson's radicalness; they joined with the Whigs in the 1830's. https://quizlet.com/3206391/chapter-13-time-period-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Republican Party political party formed in 1854 in response to the Kansas-Nebraska Act; it combined remnants of Whig, Free Soil, and Know-Nothing Parties as well as disgruntled Democrats. Although not abolitionist, it sought to block the spread of slavery in the territories. It also favored tariffs, homesteads, and a transcontinental railroad. https://quizlet.com/3206391/chapter-13-time-period-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Republican Party (1854) organized in 1854 by antislavery Whigs, Democrats, and Free Soilers in response to the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act; nominated John C. Frémont for president in 1856 and Abraham Lincoln in 1860 https://quizlet.com/3206391/chapter-13-time-period-apush-flash-cards/ Commodore Matthew Perry U.S. Navy Commodore who in 1853 presented the ultimatum that led Japan to open itself to more normal relations with the world. https://quizlet.com/3858717/apush-chapter-18-flash-cards/ Invalid Link Bleeding Kansas A sequence of violent events involving abolitionists and pro-Slavery elements that took place in KansasTerritory where new proslavery and antislavery constitutions competed.The dispute further strained the relations of the North and South, making civil war imminent. https://quizlet.com/863486/apush-civil-warreconstruction-flash-cards/ (Related) Bleeding Kansas Was a sequence of violent events involving Free-States and pro-slavery "Border Ruffians" elementsmthat took place in Kansas Territory and the western frontier towns of the U.S. state of Missouri between roughly 1854 and 1858 attempting to influence whether Kansas would enter the Union as a free or slave state https://quizlet.com/863486/apush-civil-warreconstruction-flash-cards/ (Related) Bleeding Kansas try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) A sequence of violent events involving abolitionists and pro-Slavery elements that took place in KansasTerritory where new proslavery and antislavery constitutions competed.The dispute further strained the relations of the North and South, making civil war imminent. https://quizlet.com/863486/apush-civil-warreconstruction-flash-cards/ (Related) Bleeding Kansas A sequence of violent events involving abolitionists and pro-Slavery elements that took place in Kansas-Nebraska Territory. The dispute further strained the relations of the North and South, making civil war imminent. https://quizlet.com/863486/apush-civil-warreconstruction-flash-cards/ (Related) Bleeding Kansas Kansas was being disputed for free or slave soil during 1854-1857, by popular sovereignty. In 1857, there were enough free-soilers to overrule the slave-soilers. So many people were feuding that disagreements eventually led to killing in Kansas between pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces. https://quizlet.com/863486/apush-civil-warreconstruction-flash-cards/ (Related) 605. "Bleeding Kansas" Also known as the Kansas Border War. Following the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, proslavery forces from Missouri, known as the Border Ruffians, crossed the border into Kansas and terrorized and murdered antislavery settlers. Antislavery sympathizers from Kansas carried out reprisal attacks, the most notorious of which was John Brown's 1856 attack on the settlement at Pottawatomie Creek. The war continued for four years before the antislavery forces won. The violence it generated helped percipitate the Civil War. https://quizlet.com/863486/apush-civil-warreconstruction-flash-cards/ John Brown An abolitionist who attempted to lead a slave revolt by capturing Armories in southern territory and giving weapons to slaves, was hung in Harpers Ferry after capturing an Armory https://quizlet.com/8456358/apush-john-brown-emancipation-proclamation-flash-cards/ (Related) John Brown radical abolitionist from US who advocated and practiced armed insurrection as a mean to abolishing slavery for good. He led the Pottawatomie creek massacre in 1856. Was trialed to death and was hung. He also made a name of himself for the unsuccessful invasion at Harpers Ferry Virginia. https://quizlet.com/8456358/apush-john-brown-emancipation-proclamation-flash-cards/ (Related) John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry 1859 was an attempt to start an armed slave revolt by seizing a United States Arsenal at Harpers Ferry in Virginia in 1859. Brown's raid was defeated by a detachment of U.S. Marines led by Col. Robert E. Lee. He originally asked Harriet Tubman and Frederick Douglass to join him when he attacked the armory, but illness prevented Tubman from joining him and Douglass believed his plan would fail and did not join him for that reason. https://quizlet.com/8456358/apush-john-brown-emancipation-proclamation-flash-cards/ (Related) John Brown a radical abolitionist who saw himself as "God's instrument to destroy slavery"; murdered five proslavery settlers living along Pottwatomie Creek (Pottawatomie Massacre); led failed raids to trigger slave rebellion (Harper's Ferry) https://quizlet.com/8456358/apush-john-brown-emancipation-proclamation-flash-cards/ (Related) John Brown John Brown was a militant abolitionist that took radical extremes to make his views clear. In May of 1856, Brown led a group of his followers to Pottawattamie Creek and launched a bloody attack against pro-slavery men killing five people. This began violent retaliation try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) against Brown and his followers. This violent attack against slavery helped give Kansas its nick name, "bleeding Kansas". https://quizlet.com/8456358/apush-john-brown-emancipation-proclamation-flash-cards/ (Related) 608. John Brown's Raid In 1859, the militant abolitionist John Brown seized the U.S. arsenal at Harper's Ferry. He planned to end slavery by massacring slave owners and freeing their slaves. He was captured and executed. https://quizlet.com/8456358/apush-john-brown-emancipation-proclamation-flash-cards/ (Related) 621. John Brown, Harper's Ferry Raid In 1859, the militant abolitionist John Brown seized the U.S. arsenal at Harper's Ferry. He planned to end slavery by massacring slave owners and freeing their slaves. He was captured and executed. https://quizlet.com/8456358/apush-john-brown-emancipation-proclamation-flash-cards/ Caning of Charles Sumner May 22, 1856: Preston Brooks came into the Senate with his cane and started beating Charles Sumner until he was unconscience. This was the first type of violence shown about sectionalism https://quizlet.com/8763584/ap-us-history-flash-cards/ Lecompton Constitution The pro-slavery constitution suggested for Kansas' admission to the union. It was rejected. https://quizlet.com/3446927/apush-unit-5-flash-cards/ (Related) Lecompton Constitution Proslavery plan of government.Settlers allowed to vote for or against slavery, but one of the provisions would protect the owners of slaves.Free soilers boycott the polls.Proslavery forces approve .President Buchanan asks Congress to accept Kansas proslavery constitutionCongress rejects. https://quizlet.com/3446927/apush-unit-5-flash-cards/ (Related) Lecompton Constitution pro-slavery constitution written for Kansas' admission to the union in opposition to the anti-slavery Topeka Constitution; it was eventually rejected and Kansas became a free state in 1861 https://quizlet.com/3446927/apush-unit-5-flash-cards/ (Related) Lecompton Constitution Pro-slave constitution that got voted in for Kansas after anti-slavery people boycotted the election https://quizlet.com/3446927/apush-unit-5-flash-cards/ Panic of 1857 A notable sudden collapse in the economy caused by over speculation in railroads and lands, false banking practices, and a break in the flow of European capital to American investments as a result of the Crimean War. Since it did not effect the South as bad as the North, they gained a sense of superiority. https://quizlet.com/1535915/apush-chapter-19-flash-cards/ (Related) Panic of 1857 financial panic in the United States caused from the declining international economy and overexpansion of the domestic economy. With the failure of the Ohio life insurance and trust co. in New York and the overspecualtion in railroads and lands the panic fueled try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) sectional tensions as northerners blamed it on the low tariff policies of the southern dominated congress. https://quizlet.com/1535915/apush-chapter-19-flash-cards/ (Related) Panic of 1857 The California gold rush increased inflation; speculation in land and railroads "ripped economic fabric"; hit the North harder than South because the South had cotton as a staple source of income; the North wanted free land from the government; drove Southerners closer to a showdown; caused an increase in tariffs; gave Republicans an issue for the election of 1860. https://quizlet.com/1535915/apush-chapter-19-flash-cards/ (Related) Panic of 1857 Caused by the inflation of California gold, overproduction of grain, and the overspeculation of railroads (failures of banks and businesses) https://quizlet.com/1535915/apush-chapter-19-flash-cards/ (Related) Panic of 1857 An economic crash that arose due to the inflation caused by inpouring California gold. The demands of the Crimean War over-stimulated grain growth and land speculation, and when the collapse came over five thousand businesses failed. Northern farmers were hard-hit by the panic, while the South basically went untouched. Also the panic created a clamor of higher tariff rates. https://quizlet.com/1535915/apush-chapter-19-flash-cards/ Election of 1860 Lincoln, the Republican candidate, won because the Democratic party was split over slavery. As a result, the South no longer felt like it has a voice in politics and a number of states seceded from the Union. https://quizlet.com/1535915/apush-chapter-19-flash-cards/ (Related) Election of 1860 Republican - Abraham Lincoln. Democrat - Stephan A. Douglas, John C. Breckenridge. Constitutional Union - John Bell. Issues were slavery in the territories (Lincoln opposed adding any new slave states). https://quizlet.com/1535915/apush-chapter-19-flash-cards/ (Related) Election of 1860 On this election hung the issue of peace or civil war. The Democrats met in Charleston, with Douglas the leading candidate. However, delegates from the South walked out and the entire body dissolved. The Democrats tried again in Baltimore, chiefly with delegates from the North, and had a platform for popular sovereignty and against obstruction of the Fugitive Slave Law by the states. Southern Democrats had a rival convention, also in Baltimore, and selected John C. Breckenridge, whose platform favored the extension of slavery into the territories and the annexation of Cuba. The Constitutional Union party nominated John Bell of Tennessee. The Republicans nominated Abraham Lincoln because he had fewer enemies than William Seward. Their platform had appeal for just about every important non-southern group, with non-extension of slavery, a protective tariff, no abridgement of rights, a Pacific railroad, and free homesteads from the public domain. Lincoln won, as a sectional president and minority president, although Douglas did make an impressive showing. This election was virtually two separate elections: one in the North, and one in the South. https://quizlet.com/1535915/apush-chapter-19-flash-cards/ Crittenden Compromise The Crittenden Compromise of 1860 was an attempt proposed by Senator Crittenden to prevent the Civil War. This compromise offered a Constitutional Amendment recognizing slavery in the territories south of the 36º30' line, noninterference by Congress with existing try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) slavery, and compensation to the owners of fugitive slaves - defeated by Republicans. POLITICAL. https://quizlet.com/1856094/ap-ushistory-goal-3-flash-cards/ (Related) Crittenden Compromise 1860 - attempt to prevent Civil War by Senator Crittenden - offered a Constitutional amendment recognizing slavery in the territories south of the 36º30' line, noninterference by Congress with existing slavery, and compensation to the owners of fugitive slaves defeated by Republicans https://quizlet.com/1856094/ap-ushistory-goal-3-flash-cards/ (Related) Crittenden Compromise The first of compromise proposals submitted in hopes to prevent a civil war. This one was first submitted by Senator John J. Crittenden of Kentucky. This plan was a proposal to reestablish the Missouri Compromise line and extend it westward to the Pacific coast. Slavery would be prohibited north or the line and permitted south of the line. Southerners in the Senate were willing to accept this plan, but the compromise would have required the northerners to abandon their most fundamental position-that slavery should not be allowed to expand- and so they rejected it. https://quizlet.com/1856094/ap-ushistory-goal-3-flash-cards/ (Related) Crittenden Compromise 1860 - attempt to prevent Civil War by Senator Crittenden - offered a Constitutional amendment recognizing slavery in the territories south of the 36º30' line, noninterference by Congress with existing slavery, and compensation to the owners of fugitive slaves defeated by Republicans https://quizlet.com/1856094/ap-ushistory-goal-3-flash-cards/ (Related) Crittenden Compromise A plan proposed by Senator John J. Crittenden of Kentucky. A 2 part plan. 1). A Constitutional amendment to protect slavery from federal interference in any state where it already existed. 2). Westward extension of Missouri Compromise line (36'30"). Republicans reject this due to the fear that slave-owners will try to seize Cuba. https://quizlet.com/1856094/ap-ushistory-goal-3-flash-cards/ Confederate States of America In February, 1861, delegates from the states that had seceded (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Texas) met and formed the Confederate States of America, or CSA. State sovereignty and independence were stressed. Slavery was legalized and the government was forbidden to pass protective tariffs. Jefferson Davis was named the President of the CSA. https://quizlet.com/3786147/apush-terms-chs-14-15-flash-cards/ (Related) Confederate States of America Name adopted by the 11 Southern states that seceded from the Union and formed their own country during the Civil War https://quizlet.com/3786147/apush-terms-chs-14-15-flash-cards/ (Related) Confederate States of America The confederation formed in 1861 by the Southern states after their secession from the Union: South Carolina, Texas, Mississippi, Florida, Alabam, Georgia, Louisiana https://quizlet.com/3786147/apush-terms-chs-14-15-flash-cards/ (Related) Confederate States of America the confederation formed in 1861 by the Southern states after their secession form the Union. (South Carolina, Texas, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana) https://quizlet.com/3786147/apush-terms-chs-14-15-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) 630. South's advantages in the Civil War Large land areas with long coasts, could afford to lose battles, and could export cotton for money. They were fighting a defensive war and only needed to keep the North out of their states to win. Also had the nation's best military leaders, and most of the existing military equipment and supplies. https://quizlet.com/654377/apush-chapter-14-the-civil-war-1861-1865-flash-cards/ (Related) 631. North's advantages in the Civil War Larger numbers of troops, superior navy, better transportation, overwhelming financial and industrial reserves to create munitions and supplies, which eventually outstripped the South's initial material advantage. https://quizlet.com/654377/apush-chapter-14-the-civil-war-1861-1865-flash-cards/ Confiscation acts The First Confiscation Act was passed in August 1861. It said that slaves were "contrabands of war" and thus the Union did not have to return them to their plantation owners. In July 1862, the Second Confiscation Act was passed freeing slaves of persons engaged in rebellion against the U.S and empowered the president to use freed slaves in the Union Army. https://quizlet.com/8049952/apush-chapter-15-flash-cards/ (Related) Confiscation Acts Laws passed by the United States government during the Civil War with the intention of freeing the slaves still held by the Confederate forces in the South. Union General Benjamin Butler refused to return captured slaves to their Confederate owners, arguing that they were "contraband of war." https://quizlet.com/8049952/apush-chapter-15-flash-cards/ The Emancipation Proclamation issued by Lincoln as a way to broaden the goals of the war and achieve a moral victory, but through its principles it freed absolutely no slaves on the day it was given; changed the purpose of the war and caused Europeans to withdraw from supporting south https://quizlet.com/8456358/apush-john-brown-emancipation-proclamation-flash-cards/ (Related) Emancipation Proclamation The Emancipation Proclamation was issued by Lincoln to free all of the slaves in the Confederate states. The slaves in border states loyal to the Union, however, remained enslaved. The Proclamation only applied to Confederate states in rebellion. It also led to slave rebellions and slaves joining the Union army and increased sympathy from Europe. POLITICAL. https://quizlet.com/8456358/apush-john-brown-emancipation-proclamation-flash-cards/ (Related) emancipation proclamation Lincoln issued it and freed all the slaves in the Confederate states, but slaves in Border States loyal to the Union remained enslaved. It only applied to states in rebellion (Confederate states). It led to slaves rebelling and joining the Union army and increased sympathy from Europe, after union non-fail in battle of antietam https://quizlet.com/8456358/apush-john-brown-emancipation-proclamation-flash-cards/ (Related) Emancipation Proclamation -After victory of Antietam Lincoln announces on the first of 1863 all slaves in the rebelling states would be free. AIM: injure confederacy, threaten its property, heighten its dread, hurt its morale. https://quizlet.com/8456358/apush-john-brown-emancipation-proclamation-flash-cards/ (Related) Positives of the Emancipation Proclamation try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) -Lincoln stole initiative from Radicals. -Issuing a military measure Lincoln pacified Northern Conservatives. -Gained support of European Liberals. -Pushed border states towards emancipation (Maryland/Missouri) -Increased slaves desire to go north as troops https://quizlet.com/8456358/apush-john-brown-emancipation-proclamation-flash-cards/ (Related) Negatives of the Emancipation Proclamation -it had limited practicality because it applied to areas where union had no authority. exempted slaves states in the Union and parts of Confed. under union control https://quizlet.com/8456358/apush-john-brown-emancipation-proclamation-flash-cards/ (Related) Emancipation Proclamation issued by Lincoln that freed the slaves in the Confederacy, but not in the Border states; really didnt do anything because the slaves were out of Lincoln's jurisdiction https://quizlet.com/8456358/apush-john-brown-emancipation-proclamation-flash-cards/ Gettysburg Address (1863)-Abraham Lincoln's oft-quoted speech, delivered at the dedication of the cemetery at Gettysburg battlefield. In the address, Lincoln framed the war as a means to uphold the values of liberty. https://quizlet.com/8578597/apush-chapter-21-flash-cards/ (Related) Gettysburg Address The Gettysburg address was given by Lincoln following the battle. The speech lasted two minutes, and took place during the dedication of the cemetery at Gettysburg https://quizlet.com/8578597/apush-chapter-21-flash-cards/ (Related) gettysburg address speech by Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War at the dedication of a national cemetery on the site of the Battle of Gettysburg, key ideas were liberty, equality, and democratic ideas; purpose of war was to portect those ideas, honor dead, reaffirm declaration of independence, redefined by the civil war as a 'new birth of freedom' that would bring true equality to all citizens and that would also create a unified nation in which states 'rights were no longer dominate', all men are created equal, purposes of civil war https://quizlet.com/8578597/apush-chapter-21-flash-cards/ radical republicans wanted to democratize the South, establish public education, and ensure the rights or free people; strongly promoted free blacks and black suffrage https://quizlet.com/863486/apush-civil-warreconstruction-flash-cards/ (Related) Radical Republicans Congressional group that wished to punish the South for its secession from the Union; pushed for measures that gave economic and political rights to newly freed blacks in the South and that made it difficult for former Confederate states to rejoin the Union. https://quizlet.com/863486/apush-civil-warreconstruction-flash-cards/ (Related) Radical Republicans Led by Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner. Wanted to disenfranchise large numbers of Southern whites, protect black civil rights, confiscate the property of wealthy whites who aided the confederacy, and distribute the land among the freedmen. https://quizlet.com/863486/apush-civil-warreconstruction-flash-cards/ (Related) 656. Radical Republicans After the Civil War, a group that believed the South should be harshly punished and thought that Lincoln was sometimes too compassionate towards the South. try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) https://quizlet.com/863486/apush-civil-warreconstruction-flash-cards/ homestead act law passed by congress in may 1862 providing homesteads with 160 acres of free land in exchange for improving the land within five years of the grant https://quizlet.com/1864390/apush-chapter-26-flash-cards/ (Related) Homestead Act of 1862 Act that allowed a settler to acquire as much as 160 acres of land by living on it for 5 years, improving it, and paying a nominal fee of about $30 - instead of public land being sold primarily for revenue, it was now being given away to encourage a rapid filling of empty spaces and to provide a stimulus to the family farm, turned out to be a cruel hoax because the land given to the settlers usually had terrible soil and the weather included no precipitation, many farms were repo'd or failed until "dry farming" took root on the plains , then wheat, then massive irrigation projects https://quizlet.com/1864390/apush-chapter-26-flash-cards/ (Related) Homestead Act Act of 1862 that permitted any citizen or prospective citizen to claim 160 acres of public land and to purchase it for a small fee after living on it for five years. https://quizlet.com/1864390/apush-chapter-26-flash-cards/ (Related) Homestead Act of 1862 This provided a settler with 160 acres of land if he promised to live on it and work it for at least five years. https://quizlet.com/1864390/apush-chapter-26-flash-cards/ (Related) Homestead Act Passed in 1862, it gave 160 acres of public land to any settler who would farm the land for five years. The settler would only have to pay a registration fee of $25. https://quizlet.com/1864390/apush-chapter-26-flash-cards/ (Related) Homestead Act This law, passed in 1862, stated that a settler could acquire up to 160 acres of land and pay a minimal fee of $30.00 just for living on it for five years and settling it. A settler could acquire it for only six months and pay $1.25 an acre. This was important because previously land was being sold for profit and now it was basically being given away. About half a million families took advantage of this offer. Unfortunately, it was often too good to be true and the land was ravaged by drought and hard to cultivate. https://quizlet.com/1864390/apush-chapter-26-flash-cards/ Morrill Tariff Act (1861) Increased duties back up to 1846 levels to raise revenue for the Civil War. https://quizlet.com/8028768/apush-chapter-20-21-the-american-pageant-flash-cards/ (Related) Morrill Tariff Act (Definition) 1861 During the Buchanan's presidency: Passage of the tariff was possible because antiprotection Southerners had left Congress after secession. This act raised the tariff rates to protect and encourage industry and the high wages of workers. This replaced the low pro-South Tariff of 1857. It also helped in raising revenue for the Civil War. https://quizlet.com/8028768/apush-chapter-20-21-the-american-pageant-flash-cards/ (Related) Morrill Tariff Act (Significance) 1860; Antiprotection Southerners had left Congress with the secession of southern states, which allowed Congress to pass this Act. The Morrill Tariff Act superceded the low Tariff of 1857 and increased duties by 5-10% (equal to the rates of the Walker Tariff of 1846). It try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) raised revenue for the Civil War and protected manufacturers against internal taxes. This Act identified with the Republican party because most Republicans were industrialists who became rich from the benefits of the tariff. Two additional tariffs sponsored by Morrill, each one higher, were passed during Abraham Lincoln's administration to raise urgently needed revenue during the Civil War. https://quizlet.com/8028768/apush-chapter-20-21-the-american-pageant-flash-cards/ (Related) Morrill Tariff Act (1861) a tarriff which was higher than before. This was an example of how easy Congress could pass new laws since the South were not readmitted yet. https://quizlet.com/8028768/apush-chapter-20-21-the-american-pageant-flash-cards/ (Related) Morrill Tariff Act (1861) raised tariff rates to increase revenue and protect American manufacturers; high protective tarrifs to project industrialists https://quizlet.com/8028768/apush-chapter-20-21-the-american-pageant-flash-cards/ (Related) Morrill Tariff Act This was an act passed by Congress in 1861 to meet the cost of the war. It raised the taxes on shipping from 5 to 10 percent however later needed to increase to meet the demanding cost of the war. This was just one the new taxes being passed to meet the demanding costs of the war. Although they were still low to today's standers they still raked in millions of dollars. https://quizlet.com/8028768/apush-chapter-20-21-the-american-pageant-flash-cards/ 2. Greenbacks and the Greenback Party was organized in 1876 to campaign for expansion of the supply of paper money—"greenbacks"— first issued by the federal government in 1862 to help pay for the Civil War. The idea that maintaining a flexible supply of paper money served the interests of working people, whereas paper money backed by specie (hard money, like gold or silver) benefited only the rich, had been advanced by Edward Kellogg as early as 1841. https://quizlet.com/9330151/apush-ch-23-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) greenbacks Name for Union paper money not backed by gold or silver. Value would fluctuate depending on status of the war (plural) https://quizlet.com/9330151/apush-ch-23-vocab-flash-cards/ writ of habeas corpus Petition requiring law enforcement officers to present detained individuals before the court to examine the legality of the arrest. Protects individuals from arbitrary state action. Suspended by Lincoln during the Civil War. https://quizlet.com/8613423/apush-finals-prep-ch-15-flash-cards/ (Related) Writ of Habeas Corpus a court order that requires police to bring a prisoner to court to explain why they are holding the person https://quizlet.com/8613423/apush-finals-prep-ch-15-flash-cards/ (Related) Writ of Habeas Corpus A writ, or legal action, through which a prisoner can be released from unlawful detention. The remedy can be sought by the prisoner or by another person coming to his aid. It originated in the English legal system, but it is now available in many nations. It has historically been an important legal instrument safeguarding individual freedom against arbitrary state action. https://quizlet.com/8613423/apush-finals-prep-ch-15-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) martial law the body of law imposed by the military over civilian affairs (usually in time of war or civil crisis) https://quizlet.com/8028768/apush-chapter-20-21-the-american-pageant-flash-cards/ (Related) martial law the imposition of military rule above or in place of civil authority during times of war and emergency https://quizlet.com/8028768/apush-chapter-20-21-the-american-pageant-flash-cards/ (Related) Martial Law The imposition of military rule above or in place of civil authority during times of war and emergency https://quizlet.com/8028768/apush-chapter-20-21-the-american-pageant-flash-cards/ (Related) Martial Law The imposition of military rule by military authorities over designated region(s) on an emergency basis—and often, but not necessarily, only temporarily—when the civilian government or civilian authorities fail to function effectively. https://quizlet.com/8028768/apush-chapter-20-21-the-american-pageant-flash-cards/ 13th Amendment 1865Abolition of slavery (involuntary servitude).Congress has the power to enforce this via legislation. https://quizlet.com/4054386/apush-reconstruction-flash-cards/ (Related) 13th Amendment Abolishes slavery (or involuntary servitude), except as punishment for crimes for which the person in question shall have been duly convicted. (1865) https://quizlet.com/4054386/apush-reconstruction-flash-cards/ (Related) 13th Amendment 1865: Constitutional amendment prohibiting all forms of slavery and involuntary servitude. Former Confederate States were required to ratify the amendment prior to gaining reentry into the union. (489) (G) A Proclamation Without Emancipation - P4 https://quizlet.com/4054386/apush-reconstruction-flash-cards/ 14th Amendment 1868Citizenship given to ex-slaves.Three-fifths clause abolished.Leading ex-Confederates denied office.Ex-Confederates forced to repudiate their debts and pay pensions to their own (CSA) veterans, plus taxes for the pensions of Union veterans. Congress has the power to enforce this via legislation. https://quizlet.com/916054/ap-us-history-amendments-flash-cards/ (Related) 14th amendment Citizenship, state due process, applies Bill of Rights to the states, revision to apportionment of Representatives, Denies public office to anyone who has rebelled against the United States https://quizlet.com/916054/ap-us-history-amendments-flash-cards/ (Related) 14th Amendment 1. Defines U.S. citizenship: all persons born or naturalized in the U.S. are citizens. 2. Applies the Bill of Rights to the States by holding State governments accountable for protecting rights guaranteed to U.S. citizens in the Constitution "No State shall [abridge] the [rights] of citizens of the United States." Specifically applies the 5th Amendment to try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) the States: "nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law." 3. Equal protection of the laws must be granted by the States to all people. 4. Abolishes 3/5ths compromise: representation now to be based on whole persons and reduced accordingly if male persons over 21 are not allowed to vote, except for certain specified reasons. (1868) https://quizlet.com/916054/ap-us-history-amendments-flash-cards/ 15th amendment prohibited denial of suffrage by states to any citizen on basis of race, color, or previous servitude. enfranchised northern blacks who might vote republican https://quizlet.com/4161170/ap-us-history-chapter-22-vocabulary-flash-cards/ (Related) 15th Amendment - (Political) The 15th amendment quickly passed by Republicans that forbade either the federal government or the states from denying citizens the right to vote on the basis of race, color, or "previous conditions of servitude". Set up the foundation for future equal opportunity laws. https://quizlet.com/4161170/ap-us-history-chapter-22-vocabulary-flash-cards/ (Related) 15th amendment Provided suffrage for African American males https://quizlet.com/4161170/ap-us-history-chapter-22-vocabulary-flash-cards/ Presidential Reconstruction A period after the civil war when Lincoln originallyset up the Ten-Percent Plan stating that most Southerners could reinstatethemselves if 10 percent of the voters pledged an oath of allegiance. After hisassassination, Johnson added that the states must revoke their secession,accept the 13th Amendment, deny Confederate debt, and pledge loyalty to theUnion. https://quizlet.com/65690089/apush-chapter-15-reconstruction-1863-1877-flash-cards/ (Related) Presidential Reconstruction Andrew Johnson attempted to carry out Lincoln's plan for the political Reconstruction of the 11 former states of the Confederacy https://quizlet.com/65690089/apush-chapter-15-reconstruction-1863-1877-flash-cards/ (Related) presidential Reconstruction The Reconstruction plans of Lincoln and Johnson who believed it was the executive's power to rebuild the South. It was the first "round" of the Reconstruction, from 1863 to the spring of 1866. https://quizlet.com/65690089/apush-chapter-15-reconstruction-1863-1877-flash-cards/ (Related) Presidential reconstruction Lincoln viewed the south as the disloyal minority who had not actually left the union because it was not constitutional and both he and Johnson went about reconstruction in that way. Goal was always reconstruction. https://quizlet.com/65690089/apush-chapter-15-reconstruction-1863-1877-flash-cards/ Wade Davis Bill A plan in 1864 for Reconstruction that denied the right to vote or hold office for anyone who had fought for the Confederacy. Lincoln refused to sign this bill because he thought it was too harsh. https://quizlet.com/4161170/ap-us-history-chapter-22-vocabulary-flash-cards/ (Related) wade davis bill 1864 Proposed far more demanding and stringent terms for reconstruction; required 50% of the voters of a state to take the loyalty oath and permitted only non-confederates to vote try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) for a new state constitution; Lincoln refused to sign the bill, pocket vetoing it after Congress adjourned. https://quizlet.com/4161170/ap-us-history-chapter-22-vocabulary-flash-cards/ Black Codes Put in place after the Civil War, the Codes haad the effect of limiting human rights and civil liberties of Blacks. Southern States passed the Codes to control labor, migration, and other activities of newly-freed Black Slaves. The Codes varied from state to state. The Codes continued to assume the inferiority of freed slaves and secure cheap labor. https://quizlet.com/1656754/ap-us-history-flash-cards/ (Related) Black Codes (1866) passed by all Southern state legislatures, hindered the freedom of blacks, set of regulations limited movement by blacks, prohibited interracial marriage, insisted that blacks obtain special certificates to hold certain jobs https://quizlet.com/1656754/ap-us-history-flash-cards/ (Related) Black Codes- (Political) The Black Codes were laws passed by southern states after the Civil War denying ex-slaves the complete civil rights enjoyed by whites and intended to force blacks back to plantations and impoverished lifestyles. https://quizlet.com/1656754/ap-us-history-flash-cards/ (Related) Black Codes laws passed by southern state legislature under new constitutions subjecting former slaves to special regulations and restrictions on t heir freedom https://quizlet.com/1656754/ap-us-history-flash-cards/ (Related) Black Codes of 1865 require separation of races in public places, overturned by Civil Rights Act https://quizlet.com/1656754/ap-us-history-flash-cards/ (Related) black codes laws made in 1865-66 enacted by Southern state legislatures to give whites power over blacks; these laws were overrideen by Congress when the powers of the Freedman's Bureau were widened and when the First Civil Rights Act was passed in 1866 in defense of African American rights. https://quizlet.com/1656754/ap-us-history-flash-cards/ ku klux klan major rebirth of the kkk in 1920s. (mainly b/c they were unhappy w/ the changing of American culture.) the "new" klan was anti-.. foreign, catholic, black, jewish, pacifist, cotlegger, gambling, communist, adultry, birth control, internationalist, and evolutionist.in 1920s membership far surpessed that of the mid 1850s https://quizlet.com/9824555/ch34-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Ku Klux Klan - (Cultural) The KKK was a group of mostly Southerners who were extremely racist against African Americans, and disliked all other cultures and races. They originated in Tennessee in 1865. General Forrest was in charge of this group. The members of this group dominated the democratic party. They also released a campaign that terrified the republicans. The Ku Klux Klan went around blackmailing many republican politicians and burned black schools and churches. https://quizlet.com/9824555/ch34-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Ku Klux Klan try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) A secret organization in the southern U.S., active for several years after the Civil War, which aimed to suppress the newly acquired powers of blacks and to oppose carpetbaggers from the North, and which was responsible for many lawless and violent proceedings. https://quizlet.com/9824555/ch34-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Ku Klux Klan devoted to terrorizing and intimidating African Americans and their white Republican allies. Beat and murdered freedpeople and intimidated voters and silenced political activists https://quizlet.com/9824555/ch34-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871 broke down its power temporarily in parts of former confederacy. No serious effort was made to stop the KKK in the black belt https://quizlet.com/9824555/ch34-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871 made violent infringement of civil and political rights a federal crime punishable by the national govn't https://quizlet.com/9824555/ch34-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Ku Klux Klan secret domestic militant organizations in the United States, originating in the southern states and eventually having national scope, that are best known for advocating white supremacy and acting as terrorists while hidden behind conical hats, masks and white robes. The KKK has a record of terrorism,[2] violence, and lynching to intimidate, murder, and oppress African Americans, Jews and other minorities and to intimidate and oppose Roman Catholics and labor unions. https://quizlet.com/9824555/ch34-apush-flash-cards/ Military Reconstruction Act (1867) imposed martial law on the south; also called for new state constitutional conventions and forced the states to allow blacks to vote for convention delegates. Also required each state to ratify the 14th amendment https://quizlet.com/9026687/apush-chapter-22-flash-cards/ (Related) Besides putting the South under the rule of federal soldiers, the Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 required that A. Southern states give blacks the vote as a condition of readmittance to the Union. https://quizlet.com/9026687/apush-chapter-22-flash-cards/ (Related) Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 I. Congressional law that imposed military rule on the South and demanded harsh conditions for readmission of the seceded states https://quizlet.com/9026687/apush-chapter-22-flash-cards/ (Related) Military Reconstruction and the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments F. Forced all the Southern states to establish governments that upheld black voting and other civil rights https://quizlet.com/9026687/apush-chapter-22-flash-cards/ (Related) Military Reconstruction Act Response to that lack of ratification of the 14th Amendment.Divides South into 5 military districts (except for Tennessee).Union general would be at the head of each district.In order for the states to be readmitted, the state majority must swear allegiance to the try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) Union and each Southern state must produce a new constitution in which they ratified the 14th amendment and gave black men voting rights.Marshall Law was implemented. https://quizlet.com/9026687/apush-chapter-22-flash-cards/ (Related) Until demands of the Military Reconstruction Act were met... Union generals would monitor the treatment of African Americans within their district and the generals could take on judicial control. https://quizlet.com/9026687/apush-chapter-22-flash-cards/ (Related) By 1876, all states were free of Military Reconstruction except... South Carolina, Louisiana, and Florida https://quizlet.com/9026687/apush-chapter-22-flash-cards/ (Related) Military Reconstruction act the Congressional act of 1867 which swept away white state governments in the South and replaced them with five military districts commanded by Union generals https://quizlet.com/9026687/apush-chapter-22-flash-cards/ (Related) Military Reconstruction Act the Congressional act of 1867 which swept away white state governments in the South and replaced them with five military districts commanded by Union generals https://quizlet.com/9026687/apush-chapter-22-flash-cards/ civil rights act of 1866 This act stated that all persons born in the United States, without regard to race or color, were now citizens and shared the same basic rights. https://quizlet.com/8666676/apush-unit-5-chapter-22-flash-cards/ (Related) civil rights act of 1866 This act stated that all persons born in the United States, without regard to race or color, were now citizens and shared the same basic rights. https://quizlet.com/8666676/apush-unit-5-chapter-22-flash-cards/ (Related) Civil Rights Act of 1866 An act declaring that everyone born in the U.S. is a citizen, regardless of race, color, or previous condition of slavery https://quizlet.com/8666676/apush-unit-5-chapter-22-flash-cards/ (Related) civil rights act of 1866 -vetoed by Johnson, passed by congress-The act declared that all persons born in the United States were now citizens, without regard to race, color, or previous condition.-gave African Americans citizenship and guaranteed them the same legal rights as white Americans https://quizlet.com/8666676/apush-unit-5-chapter-22-flash-cards/ Civil Rights Act of 1875 passed legislation that guaranteed access to transportation and hotels for all blacks; repealed blacks codes and removed restrictions on workers; prohibited racial discrimination in jury selection; became a watered down bill that the Supreme Court eventually struck down https://quizlet.com/3709490/apush-unit-6-vocab-1-32-flash-cards/ (Related) Civil Rights Act of 1875 Prohibited discrimination against blacks in public place, such as inns, amusement parks, and on public transportation. Declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. https://quizlet.com/3709490/apush-unit-6-vocab-1-32-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Civil Rights Act of 1875 was supposed to guarantee equal accommodations in public and prohibit discrimination in the jury selection process. Much of it found to be unconstitutional in the Civil Rights Cases (1883), which said that the 14th amendment only says that governments can't violate civil rights, not that civil rights can't be denied by individuals. https://quizlet.com/3709490/apush-unit-6-vocab-1-32-flash-cards/ (Related) Civil Rights Act of 1875 Prohibited discrimination against blacks in public place, such as inns, amusement parks, and on public transportation. Declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. https://quizlet.com/3709490/apush-unit-6-vocab-1-32-flash-cards/ (Related) Civil Rights Act of 1875 This Act guaranteed that everyone, regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude, was entitled to the same treatment in "public accommodations" (i.e. inns, public conveyances on land or water, theaters, and other places of public amusement). https://quizlet.com/3709490/apush-unit-6-vocab-1-32-flash-cards/ Crédit Mobilier scandal RR construction - A Holding Company that over paid itself to do construction for the Union Pacific on the first transcontinental RR - corruption in form of "kickbacks" https://quizlet.com/3997480/apush-chapter-23-flash-cards/ Whiskey Ring (1874-5) robbed the Treasury of millions in excise-tax revenues. The stiff excise taxes imposed during the Civil War tempted manufacturers - in this case, distillers - to bribe revenue agents to fudge their numbers & ignore the mis-measurement of bottled spirits https://quizlet.com/1707423/ap-us-history-chapter-23-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Whiskey Ring 1874-1875; robbed the Treasury of millions in excise-tax revenues; President Grant said "Let no guilty man escape" but then pardoned his guilty secretary https://quizlet.com/1707423/ap-us-history-chapter-23-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Whiskey Ring Scandal A group of officials cheated the Treasury out of millions of dollars through importing whiskey and using their offices to avoid paying taxes on it. https://quizlet.com/1707423/ap-us-history-chapter-23-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Whiskey Ring In the United States, the Whiskey Ring was a scandal, exposed in 1875, involving diversion of tax revenues in a conspiracy among government agents, politicians, whiskey distillers, and distributors. Uncovered in Grant's Administration https://quizlet.com/1707423/ap-us-history-chapter-23-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Whiskey Ring a group of officials were importing whiskey and using their offices to avoid paying the taxes on it, cheating the treasury out of millions of dollars. https://quizlet.com/1707423/ap-us-history-chapter-23-vocab-flash-cards/ Pacific Railroad Act Called for the building of the Transcontinental Railroad to stretch across America connecting California and the rest of America. https://quizlet.com/18641351/apush-chapter-20-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Pacific Railroad Act Called for the building of the Transcontinental Railroad to stretch across America connecting California and the rest of America. https://quizlet.com/18641351/apush-chapter-20-flash-cards/ (Related) Pacific Railroad Act an act to aid in the construction of a railroad and telegraph line from the Missouri river to the Pacific ocean, and to secure to the government the use of the same for postal, military, and other purposes https://quizlet.com/18641351/apush-chapter-20-flash-cards/ Cornelius Vanderbilt The railroad owner who built a railway connecting Chicago and New York. He popularized the use of steel rails in his railroad, which made railroads safer and more economical. This man was one of the few railroad owners to be just and not considered a "Robber Barron" https://quizlet.com/21233610/apush-ch-20-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) "Commodore" Cornelius Vanderbilt He founded Vanderbilt University in Tenn. He was a big man with little education but he established a shipping-land transit across Nicaragua after the gold rush. He built a railway that connected New York to Chicago in 1873. He offered superior service at low rates and was extremely successful. https://quizlet.com/21233610/apush-ch-20-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Cornelius Vanderbilt A man who used his profits from the steamboat business to merge local railroads into the NY Central RR. https://quizlet.com/21233610/apush-ch-20-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Cornelius Vanderbilt created a railroad empire worth millions by crushing competitors and ignoring protests from the public. by the time of his death in 1877, his companies controlled 4,500 miles of track and linked New York City to the Great Lake Region- son continued the empire https://quizlet.com/21233610/apush-ch-20-vocab-flash-cards/ "stock watering" used in order to increase the weight of cows. Forced a cow to bloat itself with water before it was weighed for sale. It enabled railroad stock promoters to inflate their claims about a given line's assets and profitability and sell stocks and bonds in excess of the railroad's actual value https://quizlet.com/19138344/apush-ch-24-flash-cards/ (Related) Stock watering Originally referring to cattle, term for the practice of railroad promoters exaggerationg the profitability of stocks in excess of its actual value https://quizlet.com/19138344/apush-ch-24-flash-cards/ (Related) Stock Watering railroad stock promoters grossly inflated their claims about a given line's assets and profitability and sold stocks and bonds far in excess of the railroad's actual value. https://quizlet.com/19138344/apush-ch-24-flash-cards/ (Related) "stock watering" Price manipulation by strategic stock brokers of the late 1800s. The term for selling more stock than they actually owned in order to lower prices, then buying it back. try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) https://quizlet.com/19138344/apush-ch-24-flash-cards/ "Jubilee Jim" Fisk and Jay Gould devised a plot to drastically raise the price of the gold market in 1869. On "Black Friday," September 24, 1869, the two bought a large amount of gold, planning to sell it for a profit. In order to lower the high price of gold, the Treasury was forced to sell gold from its reserves. https://quizlet.com/1658388/apush-ch23-flash-cards/ (Related) Jay Gould Often regarded as the most unethical of the Robber Barons, he was involved with Tammany Hall and Boss Tweed early in his career. After damaging his reputation in a gold speculation that instigated the panic of Black Friday in 1869, he went on to gain control of western railroads and by 1882 had controlling interest in 15% of the country's tracks. Although mistrusted by many of his contemporaries, he was recognized as a skilled businessman. https://quizlet.com/1658388/apush-ch23-flash-cards/ (Related) Jay Gould made millions of dollars by embezzling stocks from several railroad companies https://quizlet.com/1658388/apush-ch23-flash-cards/ (Related) Jay Gould United States financier who gained control of the Erie Canal and who caused a financial panic in 1869 when he attempted to corner the gold market (1836-1892), sold fake stocks to try to put NY railroads out of business https://quizlet.com/1658388/apush-ch23-flash-cards/ (Related) Jay Gould railroad entrepreneur of the union pacific railroad company; obtained generous land and subsidies from federal, state, and local governments & sold bonds and stocks to the public to finance the expensive construction of the railroad; thought by many to have manipulated stock markets for his own benefit. https://quizlet.com/1658388/apush-ch23-flash-cards/ Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railroad Company v. Illinois 1886 - A Supreme Court decision that prohibited states from regulating the railroads because the Constitution grants Congress the power to regulate interstate commerce. As a result, reformers turned their attention to the federal government, which now held sole power to regulate the railroad industry https://quizlet.com/114223540/apush-chapter-24-flash-cards/ (Related) Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railroad Company v. Illinois (1886) A Supreme Court decision that prohibited states from regulating the railroads because the Constitution grants Congress the power to regulate interstate commerce. As a result, reformers turned their attention to the federal government, which now held sole power to regulate the railroad industry. https://quizlet.com/114223540/apush-chapter-24-flash-cards/ (Related) Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railroad Company v. Illinois (1886) A Supreme Court decision that prohibited states from regulating the railroads because the Constitution grants Congress the power to regulate interstate commerce. As a result, reformers turned their attention to the federal government, which now held sole power to regulate the railroad industry https://quizlet.com/114223540/apush-chapter-24-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railroad Company v. Illinois 1886 - Stated that individual states could control trade in their states, but could not regulate railroads coming through them. Congress had exclusive jurisdiction over interstate commerce. https://quizlet.com/114223540/apush-chapter-24-flash-cards/ Interstate Commerce Act (1887) Congressional legislation that established the Interstate Commerce Commission, compelled railroads to publish standard rates, and prohibited rebates and pools. Railroads quickly became adept at using the Act to achieve their own ends, but the Act gave the government an important means to regulate big business. https://quizlet.com/67948657/apush-chapter-19-flash-cards/ (Related) Interstate Commerce Act -established the federal government's right to oversee railroad activities-required railroads to public their rate schedules and file them with the government https://quizlet.com/67948657/apush-chapter-19-flash-cards/ (Related) Interstate Commerce Act The United States Interstate Commerce Act of 1887, signed into law by President Grover Cleveland, created the Interstate Commerce Commission. The members of the commission were appointed by the President with the consent of the Senate. This was the first of the socalled Fourth Branch agencies. Its aim was to regulate surface transportation (initially railroads, later trucking), to ensure fair prices and regulate other aspects of the conduct of common carriers https://quizlet.com/67948657/apush-chapter-19-flash-cards/ (Related) Interstate Commerce Act Established the ICC (Interstate Commerce Commission) - monitors the business operation of carriers transporting goods and people between states - created to regulate railroad prices https://quizlet.com/67948657/apush-chapter-19-flash-cards/ (Related) Interstate Commerce Act Interstate Commerce Act, 1887Passed under public pressure to regulate railroads. The act established a five-member Interstate Commerce Commission to carry out this duty. The law was largely ineffective because it had to rely on the courts to enforce its rulings and pro-business courts interpreted it in a very limited sense. https://quizlet.com/67948657/apush-chapter-19-flash-cards/ Andrew Carnegie A Scottish-born American industrialist and philanthropist who founded the Carnegie Steel Company in 1892. By 1901, his company dominated the American steel industry. https://quizlet.com/4416207/apush-20-22-24-flash-cards/ (Related) Andrew Carnegie He was a steel magnate who believed that the general public benefitted from big business even if these companies employed harsh business practices. His philosophy influenced alot of Americans. After retiring he did alot of good stuff. https://quizlet.com/4416207/apush-20-22-24-flash-cards/ (Related) Andrew Carnegie Scottish-born industrialist who developed the U.S. steel industry; his is a rags-to-riches story as he made a fortune in business and sold his holdings in 1901 for $447 million. He spent the rest of his life giving away $350 million to worthy cultural and educational causes. https://quizlet.com/4416207/apush-20-22-24-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) vertical integration practice in which a single manufacturer controls all of the steps used to change raw materials into finished products https://quizlet.com/66589587/apush-chapter-17-flash-cards/ (Related) Vertical Integration A single company owns and controls the entire process from raw materials to the maufacture and sale of the finished product https://quizlet.com/66589587/apush-chapter-17-flash-cards/ (Related) Vertical Integration It was pioneered by tycoon Andrew Carnegie. It is when you combine into one organization all phases of manufacturing from mining to marketing. This makes supplies more reliable and improved efficiency. It controlled the quality of the product at all stages of production. https://quizlet.com/66589587/apush-chapter-17-flash-cards/ (Related) vertical integration was pioneered by tycoon Andrew Carnegie. It is when you combine into one organization all phases of manufacturing from mining to marketing. This makes supplies more reliable and improved efficiency. It controlled the quality of the product at all stages of production. https://quizlet.com/66589587/apush-chapter-17-flash-cards/ (Related) Horizontal and Vertical Integration Horizontal-the combining of a number of firms engaged in the same enterprise into a single corporation; like a mergerVertical-taking over of all the different businesses on which a company relied for its primary function https://quizlet.com/66589587/apush-chapter-17-flash-cards/ Standard Oil Company John D. Rockefeller's company, formed in 1870, which came to symbolize the trusts and monopolies of the Gilded Age. By 1877 this company controlled 95% of the oil refineries in the US. It was also one of the first multinational corporations, and at times distributed more than half of the company's kerosene production outside the US. By the turn of the century it had become a target for trust-busting reformers, and in 1911 the Supreme Court ordered it to break up into several dozen smaller companies https://quizlet.com/9461968/apush-ch-29-voc-flash-cards/ (Related) standard Oil trust Rockefeller's company, in 1881, owned 90 percent of the oil refinery business, with a board of trustees at the head https://quizlet.com/9461968/apush-ch-29-voc-flash-cards/ (Related) Standard Oil Company Rockefeller's first and most famous trust company https://quizlet.com/9461968/apush-ch-29-voc-flash-cards/ (Related) Standard Oil Company John D. Rockefeller organized Standard Oil in Cleveland in 1870. Through ruthless competition and superb organization, the Standard Oil Trust controlled 90 percent of oil refining in the United States by 1879. https://quizlet.com/9461968/apush-ch-29-voc-flash-cards/ Horizontal Integration A technique used by John D. Rockefeller. Horizontal integration is an act of joining or consolidating with ones competitors to create a monopoly. Rockefeller was excellent with try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) using this technique to monopolize certain markets. It is responsible for the majority of his wealth. https://quizlet.com/9256077/apush-chapter-18-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) horizontal integration A technique used by John D. Rockefeller. Horizontal integration is an act of joining or consolidating with ones competitors to create a monopoly. Rockefeller was excellent with using this technique to monopolize certain markets. It is responsible for the majority of his wealth. https://quizlet.com/9256077/apush-chapter-18-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Horizontal Integration The combining of many firms engaged in the same type of business into one large corporation https://quizlet.com/9256077/apush-chapter-18-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) horizontal integration A technique used by John D. Rockefeller. An act of joining or consolidating with ones competitors to create a monopoly. Rockefeller was excellent with using this technique to monopolize certain markets. It is responsible for the majority of his wealth. https://quizlet.com/9256077/apush-chapter-18-terms-flash-cards/ J.P. Morgan Business man -refinanced railroads during depression of 1893 - built intersystem alliance by buying stock in competeing railroads - marketed US governemnt securities on large scale https://quizlet.com/9529667/apush-chapter-17-flash-cards/ Sherman Antitrust Act Opposed to large corporations that control or limit business activities, but failed due to court interpretation; passed in 1890; sought to promote economic competition https://quizlet.com/42868603/apush-chapter-21-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) An act passed in 1890 which prohibited any "contract, combination, in the form of trust or otherwise, or conspiracy in restraint of trade or commerce." https://quizlet.com/42868603/apush-chapter-21-vocab-flash-cards/ "scabs"/strikebreakers People who are hired to work in factories when the other workers were on strike (this makes you look like a trader) https://quizlet.com/7276938/apush-ch-14-vocab-and-id-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Scabs Stirkebreakers hired by employers as replacement workers when unions went on strike https://quizlet.com/7276938/apush-ch-14-vocab-and-id-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) "Scabs" Stirkebreakers hired by employers as replacement workers when unions went on strike https://quizlet.com/7276938/apush-ch-14-vocab-and-id-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) "Scabs" Strikebreakers hired by employers as replacement workers when unions went on strike https://quizlet.com/7276938/apush-ch-14-vocab-and-id-terms-flash-cards/ Yellow Dog Contracts- (Economic) try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) A written contract between employers and employees in which the employees sign an agreement that they will not join a union while working for the company. This allowed big businesses to maintain low working wages and poor conditions. https://quizlet.com/4078552/apush-ch-17-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Yellow Dog Contracts contracts employees signed, giving them low wages and conditions like not joining unions https://quizlet.com/4078552/apush-ch-17-terms-flash-cards/ Knights of Labor one of the first labor unions which won a number of strikes for the eight-hour work day, but then became involved in a number of May Day strikes, such as the Haymarket square riot, which weakened it https://quizlet.com/42868068/labor-and-labor-unions-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) The Knights of Labor This group, which peaked membership in 1886, grew rapidly because of a combination of their open-membership policy, the continuing industrialization of the American economy, and the growth of urban population;welcomed unskilled and semiskilled workers, including women, immigratns, and African Americans;were idealists who believed they could eliminate conflict between labor and managements. Their goal was to create a cooperative society in which laborers owned the industries in which they worked. https://quizlet.com/42868068/labor-and-labor-unions-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Knights of Labor Founded by Philadelphia garment cutters in 1869, largest labor organization in 19th century. Goal was bringing together wage earners, regardless of skill; variety of reform measures to offset power of industrialists. https://quizlet.com/42868068/labor-and-labor-unions-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Reform demands of Knights of Labor Restriction of child labor, graduated income tax, land set aside for homesteading, abolition of contract labor, monetary reform. https://quizlet.com/42868068/labor-and-labor-unions-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Knights of Labor The Knights of Labor were founded in 1869 as a secret society of garnet workers in Philadelphia, but emerged as a national movement by 1878. They believed that fraternity was harnessed to labor reform, and intended to set up factories and shops that would lead to a cooperative commonwealth. However, they ended up devoting themselves to education. ECONOMIC. https://quizlet.com/42868068/labor-and-labor-unions-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) knights of labor 1869 First a secret society under Terrence V. Powderly to avoid detection by employers, but went public in 1881 for all workers even African Americans and women. Goals: Abolition of child labor and trusts and monopolies and "make each man his own employer." Declined after Haymarket Square Riot. https://quizlet.com/42868068/labor-and-labor-unions-apush-flash-cards/ Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) or Wobblies This radical union aimed to unite the American working class into one union to promote labor's interests. It worked to organize unskilled and foreign-born laborers, advocated social revolution and led several major strikes. Stressed solidarity. https://quizlet.com/9810413/apush-chapter-21-terms-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) The Industrial Workers of the World Led by "Mother" Jones, Elizabeth Flynn, Big Bill Haywood, and Eugene Debs;strove to unite all laborers, including unskilled workers and African Americans;its goal was to create "One Big Union;"embraced the rhetoric of class conflict and endorsed violent tactics;the organization collapsed during WWI. https://quizlet.com/9810413/apush-chapter-21-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) IWW (Industrial Workers of the World) A labor union for industrial laborers, this group performed many acts of industrial sabotage in pursuit of its goals. Openly opposed the Great War. https://quizlet.com/9810413/apush-chapter-21-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) IWW-Industrial Workers of the World international union. At its peak in 1923, the organization claimed some 100,000 members in good standing and could marshal the support of perhaps 300,000 workers. Its membership declined dramatically after a1924 split brought on by internal conflict. Membership does not require that one work in a represented workplace, nor does it exclude membership in another labor union. It contends that all workers should be united as a class and that the wage system should be abolished.They are known for the Wobbly Shop model of workplace democracy, in which workers elect their managers and other norms of grassroots democracy (self-management) are implemented. https://quizlet.com/9810413/apush-chapter-21-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Industrial Workers of the World Founded in 1905, this radical union, also known as the Wobblies aimed to unite the American working class into one union to promote labor's interests. It worked to organize unskilled and foreign-born laborers, advocated social revolution, and led several major strikes. https://quizlet.com/9810413/apush-chapter-21-terms-flash-cards/ American Federation of Labor Samuel Gompers, a union for skilled laborers that fought for worker rights in a non-violent way. It provided skilled laborers with a union that was unified, large, and strong. https://quizlet.com/66178366/apush-24-flash-cards/ (Related) American Federation of Labor (AFL) The American Federation of Labor was a union of skilled laborers formed by Samuel Gompers in 1866. The AFL quickly became one of the most powerful unions in the United States. They achieved success by avoiding larger political questions in favor of "bread and butter issues" such as shorter workdays and higher wages for union members. It merged with its rival, the Confederation of Industrial Organizations in 1955 to form AFL-CIO. ECONOMIC. https://quizlet.com/66178366/apush-24-flash-cards/ (Related) The American Federation of Labor Led by Samuel Gompers;an alliance of skilled workers in craft unions;concentrated on breaand-butter issues such as higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions. https://quizlet.com/66178366/apush-24-flash-cards/ (Related) American Federation of Labor (AFL) Union formed in 1886 that organized skilled workers along craft lines and emphasized a few workplace issues rather than a broad social program; accepted wage system unlike Knights of Labor. https://quizlet.com/66178366/apush-24-flash-cards/ Jane Addams 1860-1935. Founder of Settlement House Movement. First American Woman to earn Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 as president of Women's Intenational League for Peace and Freedom. HULL HOUSE https://quizlet.com/4071437/apush-chapter-25-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Jane Addams a middle-class woman dedicated to uplifting the urban masses; college educated (one of first generation); established the Hull House in Chicago in 1889 (most prominent American settlement house, mostly for immigrants); condemned war and poverty; won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 https://quizlet.com/4071437/apush-chapter-25-flash-cards/ (Related) Jane Addams/Hull House (Cultural) Jane Addams was middle class woman. The Hull House is a settlement house that she installed in a ghetto of Chicago. The house inspired many other like settlements across the country, while Addams spent her lifetime battling for garbage removal, playgrounds, better street lighting, and police protection. https://quizlet.com/4071437/apush-chapter-25-flash-cards/ (Related) Jane Addams had a college education; used her talents to teach and do volunteer work, Hull house (American settlement home); condemned war and poverty; won Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 https://quizlet.com/4071437/apush-chapter-25-flash-cards/ Americanization immigrants getting rid of their foreign habitsassimilating into American culture https://quizlet.com/81057163/apush-period-6-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Americanization Movement A movement designed to assimilate people of wide ranging cultures into the dominate culture. This social movement was sponsored by the government and concerned citizens. Schools and voluntary associations taught immigrants skills need for citizenship, such as English literacy and American history and government. Courses were also taught in cooking and social etiquette to help learn the ways or native born Americans. Despite these efforts, many immigrants did not wish to abandon their traditions. https://quizlet.com/81057163/apush-period-6-terms-flash-cards/ What role did political machines play in city gov? City machines gave jobs, securing support, in return for being in control over you. This was extremely common making the city gov accomodate these ideas. This had faults in the bad ways people were treAted with no consequence. http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apush-vocab-chapter-23-725660 (Related) Do you think political machines served the goals of rep of democracy? No because people were treated poorly, police did not do anything, few people had too much power http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apush-vocab-chapter-23-725660 (Related) What factors limited the effectiveness of political machines in government? How did reformers try to adress these limits? Did they succeed? Muckrakers had exposedIndustrial corruption and the terrible things it caused for poor peopleand caused the downfall of PM. Reformers began providing the things PM did as well as expirimenting with the government. http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apush-vocab-chapter-23-725660 (Related) What were the limitations and achievements of urban gov that were run by ethnic political machines? Achievements: putting ppl to work by creating jobs, creating smoothly functioning city services, and addressing public health and disease protectionLimitations: mass corruption, graft, manipulation of elections, abandonment of blacks try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apush-vocab-chapter-23-725660 (Related) Political Machines - § political entities controlled by a boss that wielded enormous influence over the government of urban cities.§ Very corrupt, controlled tax rates, gave tax breaks to their allies and controlled prices and business, etc.§ Stole millions from taxpayers using fraud and overinflation§ Did minor philanthropy to boost their public image§ Gave money to support businesses, immigrants, and the poor in return for their votes. http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apush-vocab-chapter-23-725660 (Related) Political machines Corrupt organized groups that controlled political parties in the cities. A boss leads the machine and attempts to grab more votes for his party. http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apush-vocab-chapter-23-725660 Patronage This is the is the support, encouragement, privilege, or financial aid that an organization or individual bestows to another. Party bosses and their party members operated on this type of system. https://quizlet.com/8427139/ap-us-history-gilded-age-flash-cards/ (Related) Patronage (politics) granting favors or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support https://quizlet.com/8427139/ap-us-history-gilded-age-flash-cards/ (Related) patronage a system in which benefits, including jobs, money, or protection are granted in exchange for political support. (not a good system of government- this was something that was fought by the English Whigs) https://quizlet.com/8427139/ap-us-history-gilded-age-flash-cards/ (Related) patronage (politics) granting favors or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support https://quizlet.com/8427139/ap-us-history-gilded-age-flash-cards/ Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) Denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate. American workers felt threatened by the job competition. https://quizlet.com/4002695/apush-terms-chapter-17-18-flash-cards/ (Related) Chinese Exclusion Act 1882, halted Chinese immigration to America; Started when people of the West Coast attributed declining wages and economic troubles to the hated Chinese workers; In order to appease them Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act https://quizlet.com/4002695/apush-terms-chapter-17-18-flash-cards/ (Related) Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) Denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate. https://quizlet.com/4002695/apush-terms-chapter-17-18-flash-cards/ (Related) Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) Outlawed Chinese immigration for 10 years and explicitly denied naturalization rights to Chinese in the U.S. (not allowed to become U.S. citizens) Signed into law by Chester B. Arthur. The first time a particular ethnic group was restricted from immigration / [was extended numerous times]. Enacted in part to protect jobs for whites because Chinese were willing to work for much lower wages. Supported by labor unions. Chinese originally immigrated during the Gold Rush and to build railroads. Chinese were finally allowed citizenship in 1943. Gave rise to human smuggling. San Francisco's City Hall was destroyed in the earthquake and fire of 1906, and many Chinese used the lack of records to claim lineage to legal residents.Cartoon caption reads: We must draw the line somewhere you know. https://quizlet.com/4002695/apush-terms-chapter-17-18-flash-cards/ (Related) Chinese Exclusion Act The 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act excluded Chinese immigrant workers for ten years and denied U.S. citizenship to Chinese nationals living in the United States. https://quizlet.com/4002695/apush-terms-chapter-17-18-flash-cards/ Gilded Age 1869-1896; name given by Mark Twain; known for corruption https://quizlet.com/4250047/ap-us-history-gilded-age-flash-cards/ (Related) Gilded Age A name for the late 1800s, coined by Mark Twain (sarcastically because of the corruption) to describe the tremendous increase in wealth caused by the industrial age and the ostentatious lifestyles it allowed the very rich. The great industrial success of the U.S. and the fabulous lifestyles of the wealthy hid the many social problems of the time, including a high poverty rate, a high crime rate, and corruption in the government. https://quizlet.com/4250047/ap-us-history-gilded-age-flash-cards/ (Related) Gilded Age The time of economic growth, the second industrial revolution, urbanization, immigration, and political/economic corruption. it included the era of forgotten presidents (hayes, garfield, arthur, and harrison) Congress and Business were more important and influential than the presidency during this time. it was the most highly competetive political time in US history. https://quizlet.com/4250047/ap-us-history-gilded-age-flash-cards/ (Related) The Gilded Age A term coined by Mark Twain. Although this age seemed golden, it was clear that underneath it all was so much corruption, that it was only gilded. https://quizlet.com/4250047/ap-us-history-gilded-age-flash-cards/ Social Darwinism The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle. https://quizlet.com/9003319/apush-vocabulary-chapter-24-flash-cards/ (Related) Social Darwinism Applied Darwin's theory of natural selection and "survival of the fittest" to human society -- the poor are poor because they are not as fit to survive. Used as an argument against social reforms to help the poor., A social application of Charles Darwin's biological theory of evolution by natural selection, this late-nineteenth century theory encouraged the notion of human competitio and opposed intervention in the natural human order. Social Darwinists justified the increasing inequality of late-nineteeth-century industrial American society as natural. https://quizlet.com/9003319/apush-vocabulary-chapter-24-flash-cards/ (Related) Social Darwinism try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion https://quizlet.com/9003319/apush-vocabulary-chapter-24-flash-cards/ (Related) Social Darwinism This was a belief held by many that stated that the rich were rich and the poor were poor due to natural selection in society. This was the basis of many people who promoted a laissez fairee style of economy. https://quizlet.com/9003319/apush-vocabulary-chapter-24-flash-cards/ (Related) Social Darwinism The idea that Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection and survival of the fittest should be applied to the marketplace. https://quizlet.com/9003319/apush-vocabulary-chapter-24-flash-cards/ John Dewey Theory:"Learning through Experience" Dewey is considered the "father" of progressive education practice that promotes individuality, free activity, and learning through experiences, such as project-based learning, cooperative learning, and arts integration activities. He theorized that school is primarily a social institution and a process of living, not an institution to prepare for future living. He believed that schools should teach children to be problem-solvers by helping them learn to think as opposed to helping them learn only the content of a lesson. He also believed that students should be active decision-makers in their education. Dewey advanced the notion that teachers have rights and must have more academic autonomy. https://quizlet.com/8460941/chapter-31-vocab-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) John Dewey American philosopher and educator, he led the philosophical movement called Pragmatism. Influenced by evolution, he believed that only reason and knowledge could be used to solve problems. Wanted educational reforms. https://quizlet.com/8460941/chapter-31-vocab-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) John Dewey He was a philosopher who believed in "learning by doing" which formed the foundation of progressive education. He believed that the teachers' goal should be "education for life and that the workbench is just as important as the blackboard." https://quizlet.com/8460941/chapter-31-vocab-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) John Dewey He was a philosopher who believed in "learning by doing" which formed the foundation of progressive education. He believed that the teachers' goal should be "education for life and that the workbench is just as important as the blackboard." https://quizlet.com/8460941/chapter-31-vocab-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) John Dewey Father of progressive education, was a philosopher who believed in "learning by doing" which formed the foundation of progressive education. https://quizlet.com/8460941/chapter-31-vocab-apush-flash-cards/ Booker T. Washington Prominent black American, born into slavery, who believed that racism would end once blacks acquired useful labor skills and proved their economic value to society, was head of the Tuskegee Institute in 1881.Avoided issue of social equality. Was fine with segregation https://quizlet.com/1775166/apush-ch-20-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Booker T. Washington former slave who promoted industrial education and economic opportunity but not social equality for blacks https://quizlet.com/1775166/apush-ch-20-flash-cards/ (Related) Booker T. Washington A former slave. Encouraged blacks to keep to themselves and focus on the daily tasks of survival, rather than leading a grand uprising. Believed that building a strong economic base was more critical at that time than planning an uprising or fighting for equal rights. Washington also stated in his famous "Atlanta Compromise" speech in 1895 that blacks had to accept segregation in the short term as they focused on economic gain to achieve political equality in the future. Served as important role models for later leaders of the civil rights movement. https://quizlet.com/1775166/apush-ch-20-flash-cards/ (Related) Booker T. Washington felt that african americans should accept segregation and the best way to overcome it is to improve yourself. He was very powerful and influential to both southern whites and blacks. He founded the Tusegee Institute and naacp https://quizlet.com/1775166/apush-ch-20-flash-cards/ (Related) Booker T. Washington An ex-slave founded the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama in 1881. He stressed patience, manual training and hard work for blacks. Made the Atlanta Compromise speech. https://quizlet.com/1775166/apush-ch-20-flash-cards/ National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) established on Lincoln's birthday in 1908, this organization's mission was no less than to abolish all forms of segregation and to increase educational opportunities for AfricanAmerican children. https://quizlet.com/784965/apush-chapter-21-flash-cards/ (Related) National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Founded in 1909 to improve living conditions for inner city Blacks, evolved into a national organization dedicated to establishing equal legal rights for Blacks. https://quizlet.com/784965/apush-chapter-21-flash-cards/ (Related) National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Founded on Lincoln's birthday in 1908 by members of the Niagara Movement and a group of white progressives to end all forms of discrimination and increase educational opportunities for black children. With 100,00 members in 1920, it became the nation's largest civil rights organization. https://quizlet.com/784965/apush-chapter-21-flash-cards/ Ida B. Wells the lynching of blacks outraged her, an african american journalist. in her newspaper, free speech, wells urged african americans to protest the lynchings. she called for a boycott of segregated street cars and white owned stores. she spoke out despite threats to her life. https://quizlet.com/195959081/apush-ida-b-wells-woodrow-wilson-flash-cards/ (Related) Ida B. Wells Early civil rights movement activist, lead an anti-lynching crusade in the 1890's https://quizlet.com/195959081/apush-ida-b-wells-woodrow-wilson-flash-cards/ (Related) Ida B. Wells try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) African American journalist. published statistics about lynching, urged African Americans to protest by refusing to ride streetcards or shop in white owned stores https://quizlet.com/195959081/apush-ida-b-wells-woodrow-wilson-flash-cards/ (Related) Ida B. Wells the lynching of blacks outraged her, an african american journalist. in her newspaper, free speech, wells urged african americans to protest the lynchings. she called for a boycott of segregated street cars and white owned stores. she spoke out despite threats to her life. https://quizlet.com/195959081/apush-ida-b-wells-woodrow-wilson-flash-cards/ Boss Tweed William Tweed, head of Tammany Hall, NYC's powerful democratic political machine in 1868. Between 1868 and 1869 he led the Tweed Reign, a group of corrupt politicians in defrauding the city. Example: Responsible for the construction of the NY court house; actual construction cost $3million. Project cost tax payers $13million. https://quizlet.com/9218501/apush-id-terms-chapter-2326-flash-cards/ (Related) Boss Tweed William Tweed, head of Tammany Hall, NYC's powerful democratic political machine in 1868. Between 1868 and 1869 he led the Tweed Reign, a group of corrupt politicians in defrauding the city. Example: Responsible for the construction of the NY court house; actual construction cost $3million. Project cost tax payers $13million. https://quizlet.com/9218501/apush-id-terms-chapter-2326-flash-cards/ (Related) Boss Tweed William Tweed, head of Tammany Hall, NYC's powerful democratic political machine in 1868. Between 1868 and 1869 he led the Tweed Reign, a group of corrupt politicians in defrauding the city. Example: Responsible for the construction of the NY court house; actual construction cost $3million. Project cost tax payers $13million. https://quizlet.com/9218501/apush-id-terms-chapter-2326-flash-cards/ Crédit Mobilier scandal (1872) Union Pacific Railroad insiders had formed this construction company and then cleverly hired themselves at inflated prices to build the railroad line, earning dividends as high as 348 percent. Fearing that Congress might blow the whistle, the company furtively distributed shares of its valuable stock to key congressmen https://quizlet.com/9668571/chapter-23-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Crédit Mobilier scandal RR construction - A Holding Company that over paid itself to do construction for the Union Pacific on the first transcontinental RR - corruption in form of "kickbacks" https://quizlet.com/9668571/chapter-23-apush-flash-cards/ Whiskey Ring (1874-5) robbed the Treasury of millions in excise-tax revenues. The stiff excise taxes imposed during the Civil War tempted manufacturers - in this case, distillers - to bribe revenue agents to fudge their numbers & ignore the mis-measurement of bottled spirits https://quizlet.com/1707423/ap-us-history-chapter-23-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Whiskey Ring 1874-1875; robbed the Treasury of millions in excise-tax revenues; President Grant said "Let no guilty man escape" but then pardoned his guilty secretary https://quizlet.com/1707423/ap-us-history-chapter-23-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Whiskey Ring try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) In the United States, the Whiskey Ring was a scandal, exposed in 1875, involving diversion of tax revenues in a conspiracy among government agents, politicians, whiskey distillers, and distributors. Uncovered in Grant's Administration https://quizlet.com/1707423/ap-us-history-chapter-23-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Whiskey Ring a group of officials were importing whiskey and using their offices to avoid paying the taxes on it, cheating the treasury out of millions of dollars. https://quizlet.com/1707423/ap-us-history-chapter-23-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Whiskey Ring Scandal A group of officials cheated the Treasury out of millions of dollars through importing whiskey and using their offices to avoid paying taxes on it. https://quizlet.com/1707423/ap-us-history-chapter-23-vocab-flash-cards/ Pendleton Civil Service Act 1883 law that created a Civil Service Commission and stated that federal employees could not be required to contribute to campaign funds nor be fired for political reasons https://quizlet.com/70821995/apush-vocab-chapter-21-flash-cards/ Mugwumps Republican political activists who supported Democratic candidate Grover Cleveland in the United States presidential election of 1884. They switched parties because they rejected the financial corruption associated with Republican candidate, James Blaine. https://quizlet.com/4006533/apush-chapter-23-flash-cards/ (Related) Mugwumps A political movement comprising Republicans who supported Democratic candidate Grover Cleveland in the United States presidential election of 1884. They switched parties because they could not in good faith support the Republican candidate, James Blaine of Maine. After the election was over, mugwump survived for more than a decade as an epithet in American politics, and the Mugwumps themselves continued many of their associations as reformers well into the 20th century. https://quizlet.com/4006533/apush-chapter-23-flash-cards/ (Related) Mugwumps Republicans who could not handle Blaine's nomination and switched parties; also and old Indian term that means 'holier-than-thou' https://quizlet.com/4006533/apush-chapter-23-flash-cards/ (Related) Mugwumps Republican political activists who switched from Republican party to Democratic Party for Grover Cleveland. They switched because they didnt like the financial corruption https://quizlet.com/4006533/apush-chapter-23-flash-cards/ (Related) Mugwumps Republican political activists who bolted from the United States Republican Party by supporting Democratic candidate Grover Cleveland in the United States presidential election of 1884. They switched parties because they rejected the financial corruption associated with Republican candidate James G. Blaine. https://quizlet.com/4006533/apush-chapter-23-flash-cards/ Billion-Dollar Congress A meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1889 to March 4, 1891, during the first two years of the administration of U.S. President Benjamin Harrison. https://quizlet.com/19443525/apush-chapter-28-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Billion-Dollar Congress 51st congress; held by Harrison; responsible for passing the Land Revision Act of 1891, which created the national forests. Harrison authorized America's first forest reserve in Yellowstone, Wyoming, the same year; its lavish spending and, for this reason, it incited drastic reversals in public support that led to Cleveland's reelection in 1892. Other important legislation passed into law by the Congress included the McKinley tariff, authored by Representative (and future President) William McKinley; the Sherman Antitrust Act, which prohibited business combinations that restricted trade; and the Sherman Silver Purchase Act, which required the U.S. government to mint silver. https://quizlet.com/19443525/apush-chapter-28-vocab-flash-cards/ Yosemite National Park a national park in California famous for its waterfalls and rock formations https://quizlet.com/70379470/chapter-28-apush-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Yosemite National Park a United States National Park spanning eastern portions ofTuolumne, Mariposa and Madera counties in east central California, United States. The park covers an area of 761,268 acres (3,080.74 km2)[2] and reaches across the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada mountain chain. https://quizlet.com/70379470/chapter-28-apush-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Yosemite National Park U.S. National Park spanning eastern portions of Tuolumne, Mariposa and Madera counties in east central California, United States. The park covers an area of 3080.74 km^2 and reaches across the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada mountain chain. https://quizlet.com/70379470/chapter-28-apush-vocab-flash-cards/ New South Supported building a more diversified Southern economy; championed the expansion of Southern industry; supported return of White conservatives to power; withdrawal of federal troops and rise of KKK and lynching https://quizlet.com/11231713/ap-us-history-chapter-16-the-last-west-and-the-new-south-18651900-flash-cards/ (Related) New South The term has been used with different applications in mind. The original use of the term "New South" was an attempt to describe the rise of a South after the Civil War which would no longer be dependent on now-outlawed slave labor or predominantly upon the raising of cotton, but rather a South which was also industrialized and part of a modern national economy https://quizlet.com/11231713/ap-us-history-chapter-16-the-last-west-and-the-new-south-18651900-flash-cards/ (Related) New South A vision for a self-sufficient southern economy built on modern capitalist values, industrial growth, and improved transportation. Henry Grady, the editor of the Atlanta Constitution, spread the gospel of the ______ with editorials for economic diversity and laissez-faire capitalism. https://quizlet.com/11231713/ap-us-history-chapter-16-the-last-west-and-the-new-south-18651900-flash-cards/ (Related) New South try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) argued for economic diversity and laissez-faire capitalism, tax exemptions to attract investors in new industries, cheap labor was an incentive https://quizlet.com/11231713/ap-us-history-chapter-16-the-last-west-and-the-new-south-18651900-flash-cards/ (Related) "New South" Efforts to rebuild the south were expressed in the textual industry, growth of cities, and improved railroads. The cities adapted to newer industries such as steel or lumber https://quizlet.com/11231713/ap-us-history-chapter-16-the-last-west-and-the-new-south-18651900-flash-cards/ Invalid Link Jim Crow Laws The "separate but equal" segregation laws state and local laws enacted in the Southern and border states of the United States and enforced between 1876 and 1965 https://quizlet.com/9111253/apush-ch-16-flash-cards/ (Related) Jim Crow laws The "separate but equal" segregation laws state and local laws enacted in the Southern and border states of the United States and enforced between 1876 and 1965 https://quizlet.com/9111253/apush-ch-16-flash-cards/ (Related) Jim Crow Laws written to separate blacks and whites in public areas/meant African Americans had unequal opportunities in housing, work, education, and government https://quizlet.com/9111253/apush-ch-16-flash-cards/ (Related) Jim Crow Laws Laws enacted by states to segregate the population. Widespread in South after Reconstruction https://quizlet.com/9111253/apush-ch-16-flash-cards/ (Related) Jim Crow laws The "separate but equal" segregation laws state and local laws enacted in the Southern and border states of the United States and enforced between 1876 and 1965 https://quizlet.com/9111253/apush-ch-16-flash-cards/ (Related) Supreme Court decision that ruled "separate but equal" facilities for African Americans were constitutional under the 14th Amendment because it ensured political equality and "separate but equal" did not mean inferiority; legalized segregation and led to the passage of many discriminatory laws known as Jim Crow laws Plessey v. Ferguson(1896) https://quizlet.com/9111253/apush-ch-16-flash-cards/ grandfather clause; poll tax; literacy test southern states adopted the grandfather clauses which allowed a man to vote only if his grandfather had cast ballots in elections before Reconstruction. These clauses consisted of poll taxes and literacy tests that were primaries for whites only. https://quizlet.com/16536627/unit-4-apush-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Grandfather Clause A clause in registration laws allowing people who do not meet registration requirements to vote if they or their ancestors had voted before 1867 https://quizlet.com/16536627/unit-4-apush-vocab-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Grandfather clause A clause in registration laws allowing people who do not meet registration requirements to vote if they or their ancestors had voted before 1867. https://quizlet.com/16536627/unit-4-apush-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Grandfather clause A clause in registration laws allowing people who do not meet registration requirements to vote if they or their ancestors had voted before 1867 https://quizlet.com/16536627/unit-4-apush-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) grandfather clause provisions of laws passed in the South after the Civil War stating citizens could vote only if their grandfathers had been allowed to vote. The law made it impossible for African Americans to vote because their grandfathers had been excluded from voting. https://quizlet.com/16536627/unit-4-apush-vocab-flash-cards/ Plessy v. Ferguson a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal https://quizlet.com/11900487/apush-terms-chapter-16-flash-cards/ (Related) Plessy v. Ferguson the court case in which the Supreme Court validated the South's segregationist social order; ruled that "separate but equal" facilities were constitutional under the "equal protection" clause in the Fourteenth Amendment; in reality the quality of African American life was grotesquely unequal to that of whites https://quizlet.com/11900487/apush-terms-chapter-16-flash-cards/ (Related) Plessy v. Ferguson An 1896 Supreme Court case that ruled racially segregated railroad cars and other public facilities, if they claimed to be "separate but equal," were permissible according to the Fourteenth Amendment. https://quizlet.com/11900487/apush-terms-chapter-16-flash-cards/ (Related) Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court case which determined that "separate but equal" was legal. States could mandate segregation if they wished. https://quizlet.com/11900487/apush-terms-chapter-16-flash-cards/ (Related) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Supreme Court case about Jim Crow railroad cars in Louisiana; the Court decided by 7 to 1 that legislation could not overcome racial attitudes, and that it was constitutional to have "separate but equal" facilities for blacks and whites. https://quizlet.com/11900487/apush-terms-chapter-16-flash-cards/ Sherman Silver Purchase Act Required the government to purchase an additional 4.5 million ounces of silver bullion each month for use as currency. https://quizlet.com/15828596/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-23-vocabulary-flash-cards/ (Related) Sherman Silver Purchase Act (BH) 1890 , In 1890, an act was passed so that the treasury would buy 4.5 million ounces of silver monthly and pay those who mined it in notes that were redeemable in either gold or silver. This law doubled the amount of silver that could be purchased under the BlandAllison Law of 1878. https://quizlet.com/15828596/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-23-vocabulary-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Sherman Silver Purchase Act 1890 act that was a compromise between the western silver agitators and the eastern protectionists. The Westerners agreed to support a higher tariff and the protectionists, this bill. It ordered the Treasury to buy 4.5 million ounces of silver monthly. https://quizlet.com/15828596/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-23-vocabulary-flash-cards/ (Related) Sherman Silver Purchase Act: gold reserve in treasury dropped below $100 million, Cleveland wanted to stop bleeding away of gold by repealing the Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890, partially stopped hemorrhaging of gold from treasury, Bryan wanted free silver https://quizlet.com/15828596/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-23-vocabulary-flash-cards/ (Related) Sherman Silver Purchase Act 1890 - Directed the Treasury to buy even larger amounts of silver that the Bland-Allison Act and at inflatedprices. The introduction of large quantities of overvalued silver into the ecomony lead to a run on the ferderalgold reserves, leading to the Panic of 1893. Repealed in 1893. https://quizlet.com/15828596/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-23-vocabulary-flash-cards/ William Jennings Bryan (1860-1925) A politician who was a dominant force in the liberal wing of the Democratic Party. Did not support the Gold Standard, railroads, or banks. Supporter of populist Dem. Promoted Free Silver, anti-imperialism, and trust-busting. 41st Secretary of State under Pres. Woodrow Wilson. A populist leader. Prosecuted John Scopes for teaching evolution in a Tennessee school. https://quizlet.com/1804843/apush-unit-5-review-flash-cards/ (Related) William Jennings Bryan; "Cross of Gold" An American lawyer, statesman, and politician. He was a three-time Democratic Party nominee for President of the United States noted for his deep, commanding voice. Cross of Gold speech was a speech delivered by William Jennings Bryan at the 1896 Democratic National Convention in Chicago. The speech advocated bimetallism. At the time, the Democratic Party wanted to standardize the value of the dollar to silver and opposed pegging the value of the United States dollar to a gold standard. The inflation that would result from the silver standard would make it easier for farmers and other debtors to pay off their debts by increasing their revenue dollars. It would also reverse the deflation which the U.S. experienced from 1873-1896. https://quizlet.com/1804843/apush-unit-5-review-flash-cards/ (Related) William Jennings Bryan leader of the Democrats in the Chicago convention of 1896 who was a supporter of free silver and won his audiences with biblical fervor; jobless workers and bankrupt farmers resulted in Bryan's assault on the gold standard striking fear in many hearts https://quizlet.com/1804843/apush-unit-5-review-flash-cards/ (Related) William Jennings Bryan This Democratic candidate ran for president most famously in 1896 (and again in 1900). His goal of "free silver" (unlimited coinage of silver) won him the support of the Populist Party. Though a gifted orator, he lost the election to Republican William McKinley. He ran again for president and lost in 1900. Later he opposed America's imperialist actions, and in the 1920s, he made his mark as a leader of the fundamentalist cause and prosecuting attorney in the Scopes Monkey Trial. https://quizlet.com/1804843/apush-unit-5-review-flash-cards/ (Related) William Jennings Bryan try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) This Democratic candidate ran for president most famously in 1896 (and again in 1900). His goal of "free silver" (unlimited coinage of silver) won him the support of the Populist Party. Though a gifted orator, he lost the election to Republican William McKinley. He ran again for president and lost in 1900. Later he opposed America's imperialist actions, and in the 1920s, he made his mark as a leader of the fundamentalist cause and prosecuting attorney in the Scopes Monkey Trial. https://quizlet.com/1804843/apush-unit-5-review-flash-cards/ (Related) William Jennings Bryan Politician who ran for president 1896, 1900 and 1908 under Democrats, was a pro-silverite and Populist leader https://quizlet.com/1804843/apush-unit-5-review-flash-cards/ (Related) famous speech given by William Jennings Bryan; in support of bimetalism, Bryan spoke of the gold standard as a burden (like the cross) "Cross of Gold" Speech https://quizlet.com/1804843/apush-unit-5-review-flash-cards/ (Related) Republican William McKinley defeated Democrat William Jennings Bryan in 1896. Bryan was the nominee of the Democrats, the Populist Party, and the Silver Republicans.Economic issues, including bimetallism, the gold standard, Free Silver, and the tariff, were crucial. Election of 1896 https://quizlet.com/1804843/apush-unit-5-review-flash-cards/ Placer Mining A form of mining that required little technology or skill, placer mining techniques included using a shovel and a washing pan to separate gold from the ore in streams and riverbeds. https://quizlet.com/15598332/ap-us-history-chapter-17-flash-cards/ (Related) Placer Mining Form of mining that did not need technology or skill which started mass migration because this started the gold rush. https://quizlet.com/15598332/ap-us-history-chapter-17-flash-cards/ (Related) Placer Mining mining valuable minerals from a placer by washing or dredginglike panning for gold) https://quizlet.com/15598332/ap-us-history-chapter-17-flash-cards/ morrill land grant act law passed by congress july 1862 awarding proceeds from the sale of public lands to states for the establishment of agricultural colleges https://quizlet.com/65230410/apush-unit-5-flash-cards/ (Related) Morrill Land Grant Act Law passed by Congress in July 1862 awarding proceeds from the sale of public lands to the states for the establishment of agricultural and mechanical colleges. https://quizlet.com/65230410/apush-unit-5-flash-cards/ (Related) Morrill Land Grant Acts 1862, 1890 This law provided a generous grant of public lands to the states for support of education. Land-grant colleges (most became state universities) bound themselves to provided certain services, such as military training. The Hatch Act of 1887 extending the act, provided federal funds for the establishment of agricultural experiment stations in connection with the land-grant colleges. Philanthropists donated immense fortunes to educational try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) enterprises; $150 mil from 1878 to 1898. Cornell and Stanford resulted from this; and many other universities were established from the Act. https://quizlet.com/65230410/apush-unit-5-flash-cards/ (Related) Morrill Land Grant Act Act of 1862 that transferred substantial public acreage to the state governments, which were to sell the land and use the proceeds to finance public education. This act led to many land-grant institutions https://quizlet.com/65230410/apush-unit-5-flash-cards/ (Related) The Morrill Land Grant Act Offered large amounts of the federal government's land to states that would establish "agricultural and mechanical" colleges https://quizlet.com/65230410/apush-unit-5-flash-cards/ Ghost Dance Movement a Native American movement that called for a return to traditional ways of life and challenged white dominance in society https://quizlet.com/10191935/ch-16-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Ghost Dance Movement The last effort of Native Americans to resist US domination and drive whites from their ancestral lands came through a religious movement known as the Ghost Dance. In the government's campaign to suppress the movement, the famous Sioux medicine man sitting Bull was killed during his rest. Thought in the afterlife they could return to a time be fore white men https://quizlet.com/10191935/ch-16-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Ghost Dance Movement The last effort of Native Americans to resist US domination and drive whites from their ancestral lands, came through as a religious movement. https://quizlet.com/10191935/ch-16-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) the Ghost Dance Movement A group of Native Americans who performed the ghost dance, in hopes of saving their way of life. It was believed that by doing the dance that the white man would forever leave, and the buffalo would come back. https://quizlet.com/10191935/ch-16-apush-flash-cards/ A Century of Dishonor by Helen Hunt Jackson It chronicled the experiences of Native Americans during the 19th Century. It was an attempt to change America's ideas about the treatment of Indians. https://quizlet.com/1745834/apush-ch-26-flash-cards/ (Related) Helen Hunt Jackson A writer. Author of the 1881 book A Century of Dishonor. The book exposed the U.S. governments many broken promises to the Native Americans. For example the government wanted Native Americans to assimilate, i.e. give up their beliefs and ways of life, that way to become part of the white culture. https://quizlet.com/1745834/apush-ch-26-flash-cards/ (Related) Helen Hunt Jackson an author who wrote A Century of Dishonor which chronicled the government's actions against the Indians. She also wrote Romona, which was a love story about Indians. Her writing helped inspire sympathy towards the Indians. https://quizlet.com/1745834/apush-ch-26-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) Dawes Severalty Act (1887) An act that broke up Indian reservations and distributed land to individual households. Leftover land was sold for money to fund U.S. government efforts to "civilize" Native Americans. Of 130 million acres held in Native American reservations before the Act, 90 million were sold to non-Native buyers. https://quizlet.com/10191935/ch-16-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Dawes Severalty Act, 1887 Also called the General Allotment Act, it tried to dissolve Indian tribes by redistributing the land. Designed to forestall growing Indian proverty, it resulted in many Indians losing their lands to speculators https://quizlet.com/10191935/ch-16-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Dawes Severalty Act 1887, dismantled American Indian tribes, set up individuals as family heads with 160 acres, tried to make rugged individualists out of the Indians, attempt to assimilate the Indian population into that of the American https://quizlet.com/10191935/ch-16-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Dawes Severalty Act 1887, dismantled American Indian tribes, set up individuals as family heads with 160 acres, tried to make rugged individualists out of the Indians, attempt to assimilate the Indian population into that of the American https://quizlet.com/10191935/ch-16-apush-flash-cards/ Dry Farming Technique that allowed farming in arid places of the west where there was little rainfall. Farmers would dig a foot or so deep and cover it with mulch to slow the evaporation. https://quizlet.com/89963135/amsco-apush-chapter-17-flash-cards/ (Related) dry farming a way of farming dry land in which seeds are planted deep in ground where there is some moisture. Contributed to the formation of the Dust Bowl https://quizlet.com/89963135/amsco-apush-chapter-17-flash-cards/ (Related) dry farming a way of farming dry land in which seeds are planted deep in ground where there is some moisture https://quizlet.com/89963135/amsco-apush-chapter-17-flash-cards/ (Related) Dry Farming a way of farming dry land in which seeds are planted deep in ground where there is some moisture https://quizlet.com/89963135/amsco-apush-chapter-17-flash-cards/ (Related) dry farming a type of farming used to try and grow crop in drought stricken areas that created a finely pulverized surface which would contribute to the Dust Bowl https://quizlet.com/89963135/amsco-apush-chapter-17-flash-cards/ (Related) dry farming due to lack of rainfall on the plains farmers developed this technique to conserve limited moisture during dry weather by reducing or even eliminating runoff and evaporation, thereby increasing soil absorption and retention of moisture. try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) https://quizlet.com/89963135/amsco-apush-chapter-17-flash-cards/ Frederick Jackson Turner - Frontier Thesis American historian who said that humanity would continue to progress as long as there was new land to move into. The frontier provided a place for homeless and solved social problems. https://quizlet.com/2076417/ap-us-history-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Frederick Jackson Turner Frederick Jackson Turner (November 14, 1861 - March 14, 1932) was an American historian in the early 20th century, based at the University of Wisconsin until 1910, and then at Harvard. He trained many PhDs who came to occupy prominent places in the history profession. He promoted interdisciplinary and quantitative methods, often with a focus on the Midwest. He is best known for his essay "The Significance of the Frontier in American History", whose ideas formed the Frontier Thesis. He argued that the moving western frontier shaped American democracy and the American character from the colonial era until 1890. He is also known for his theories of geographical sectionalism. In recent years western history has seen pitched arguments over his Frontier Thesis, with the only point of agreement being his enormous impact on historical scholarship and the American mind. https://quizlet.com/2076417/ap-us-history-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Frederick Jackson Turner; "Frontier Thesis" In 1893 he wrote a thesis entitled "the Significance of the Frontier in American History," His claims included that the experience of expansion into the frontier had stimulated individualism, nationalism and democracy, and kept the opportunity of advancement alive. https://quizlet.com/2076417/ap-us-history-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Frederick Jackson Turner American historian who said that humanity would continue to progress as long as there was new land to move into. The frontier provided a place for homeless and solved social problems. https://quizlet.com/2076417/ap-us-history-terms-flash-cards/ Muckrakers Muckrakers- nickname given to young reporters of popular magazines. These magazines spent a lot of money on researching and digging up "muck," hence the name muckrakers. This name was given to them by Pres. Roosevelt- 1906. These investigative journalists were trying to make the public aware of problems that needed fixing. https://quizlet.com/4358768/apush-gilded-ageprogressive-era-flash-cards/ (Related) Muckrakers Writers specializing in the composing of stories that handled underhanded schemes in politics. https://quizlet.com/4358768/apush-gilded-ageprogressive-era-flash-cards/ (Related) muckrakers Journalists who attempted to find corruption or wrongdoing in industries and expose it to the public https://quizlet.com/4358768/apush-gilded-ageprogressive-era-flash-cards/ (Related) muckrakers collective name for middle-class reformers who tried to expose political corruption and industrial conditions in cities https://quizlet.com/4358768/apush-gilded-ageprogressive-era-flash-cards/ Lincoln Steffens try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) New York reporter who launched a series of articles in McClure's titled "The Shame of the Cities" in 1902; unmasked the corrupt alliance between big business and municipal government https://quizlet.com/8209133/chapter-28-vocab-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Lincoln Steffens wrote a series of articles in McClure's titled The Shame of the Cities talking about the corrupt business-government alliance, said Philidelphians are controlled by machines https://quizlet.com/8209133/chapter-28-vocab-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Lincoln Steffens -Muckraking journalist and the author of "The Shame of the Cities" detailing the corruption in city governments throughout the United States https://quizlet.com/8209133/chapter-28-vocab-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Lincoln Steffens U.S. journalist and reformer. He worked for New York City newspapers (1892 - 1901) and was managing editor of McClure's Magazine (1901 - 06), where he began his famous muckraking articles — later published as The Shame of the Cities (1904) — exposing corruption in politics and big business. https://quizlet.com/8209133/chapter-28-vocab-apush-flash-cards/ Ida Tarbell Ida Tarbell was a "Muckraker" who wrote in the magazine McClure's (1921). As a younger woman, in 1904, Tarbell made her reputation by publishing the history of the Standard Oil Company, the "Mother of Trusts." https://quizlet.com/8209133/chapter-28-vocab-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Ida Tarbell was a "Muckraker" who wrote in the magazine McClure's (1921). As a younger woman, in 1904, she made her reputation by publishing the history of the Standard Oil Company, the "Mother of Trusts." https://quizlet.com/8209133/chapter-28-vocab-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Ida Tarbell A leading muckraker and magazine editor, she exposed the corruption of the oil industry with her 1904 work A History of Standard Oil. https://quizlet.com/8209133/chapter-28-vocab-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Ida Tarbell wrote a book about Rockefeller's monopoly over the oil business; "The History of the Standard Oil Company" grew to be a nineteen-part series, published between November 1902 and October 1904; Tarbell wrote a detailed exposé of Rockefeller's unethical tactics, sympathetically portraying the plight of Pennsylvania's independent oil workers https://quizlet.com/8209133/chapter-28-vocab-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Ida Tarbell muckraker, wrote "Standard Oil Company" https://quizlet.com/8209133/chapter-28-vocab-apush-flash-cards/ Upton Sinclair muckraker who shocked the nation when he published The Jungle, a novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago. The book was fiction but based on the things Sinclair had seen. https://quizlet.com/17936718/apush-chapter-28-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Upton Sinclair He was the author of the sensational novel, THE JUNGLE, published in 1906. His intention was to describe the conditions of canning factory workers. Instead, Americans were disgusted by his descriptions of dirty food production. His book influenced consumers to demand safer canned products. https://quizlet.com/17936718/apush-chapter-28-flash-cards/ (Related) Upton Sinclair (September 20, 1878 - November 25, 1968), was a Pulitzer Prize-winning prolific American author who wrote over 90 books in many genres. He achieved considerable popularity in the first half of the 20th century, gaining particular fame for his 1906 muckraking novel The Jungle. The book dealt with conditions in the U.S. meat packing industry, causing a public uproar that partly contributed to the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act in 1906. https://quizlet.com/17936718/apush-chapter-28-flash-cards/ (Related) Upton Sinclair muckraker who shocked the nation when he published The Jungle, a novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago. The book was fiction but based on the things Sinclair had seen. https://quizlet.com/17936718/apush-chapter-28-flash-cards/ Jacob Riis photographer who compiled a large archive of turn-of-the-century urban life; exposed tenement lifestyle https://quizlet.com/1782504/ap-us-history-chapter-28-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Jacob Riis A Danish immigrant, he became a reporter who pointed out the terrible conditions of the tenement houses of the big cities where immigrants lived during the late 1800s. He wrote 'How The Other Half Lives" in 1890. https://quizlet.com/1782504/ap-us-history-chapter-28-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Jacob Riis wrote How the Other Half Lives, Shocked Americans with open portrayal of dirt,disease, vice, misery of New York slums, and Deeply influenced Theodore Roosevelt through the book https://quizlet.com/1782504/ap-us-history-chapter-28-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Jacob Riis Early 1900's muckraker who exposed social and political evils in the U.S. with his novel "How The Other Half Lives"; exposed the poor conditions of the poor tenements in NYC and Hell's Kitchen https://quizlet.com/1782504/ap-us-history-chapter-28-vocab-flash-cards/ Jane Addams/Hull House (Cultural) Jane Addams was middle class woman. The Hull House is a settlement house that she installed in a ghetto of Chicago. The house inspired many other like settlements across the country, while Addams spent her lifetime battling for garbage removal, playgrounds, better street lighting, and police protection. https://quizlet.com/4071437/apush-chapter-25-flash-cards/ (Related) Jane Addams 1860-1935. Founder of Settlement House Movement. First American Woman to earn Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 as president of Women's Intenational League for Peace and Freedom. HULL HOUSE https://quizlet.com/4071437/apush-chapter-25-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Jane Addams a middle-class woman dedicated to uplifting the urban masses; college educated (one of first generation); established the Hull House in Chicago in 1889 (most prominent American settlement house, mostly for immigrants); condemned war and poverty; won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 https://quizlet.com/4071437/apush-chapter-25-flash-cards/ (Related) Jane Addams had a college education; used her talents to teach and do volunteer work, Hull house (American settlement home); condemned war and poverty; won Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 https://quizlet.com/4071437/apush-chapter-25-flash-cards/ Initiative, referendum, recall Initiative: people have the right to propose a new law. Referendum: a law passed by the legislature can be reference to the people for approval/veto. Recall: the people can petition and vote to have an elected official removed from office. These all made elected officials more responsible and sensitive to the needs of the people, and part of the movement to make government more efficient and scientific. https://quizlet.com/36068892/apush-ch-20-the-progressives-1867-1901-flash-cards/ (Related) referendum When citizens vote on laws instead of the state or national governments. The referendum originated as a populous reform in the populist party, but was later picked up by the progressive reform movement. https://quizlet.com/36068892/apush-ch-20-the-progressives-1867-1901-flash-cards/ (Related) Referendum Provided a method by which actions of the legislature could be returned to the electorate for approval. Gave more power to the voters. https://quizlet.com/36068892/apush-ch-20-the-progressives-1867-1901-flash-cards/ (Related) Initiative/Referendum/Recall The electoral reforms that some western states inagurated to restore government by the people. Initiative: Voters can instruct the legislature to consider a specific bill. Referendum: People could directly vote on things, and policy issues. Recall pettitionVoters can remove a public official from office. Ironically, Voter participation rates declined because of thee reforms. https://quizlet.com/36068892/apush-ch-20-the-progressives-1867-1901-flash-cards/ (Related) referendum let voters enact a law or give opinions on a measure https://quizlet.com/36068892/apush-ch-20-the-progressives-1867-1901-flash-cards/ (Related) attacked political machines, city manager system, direct primary, initiative/referendum/recall , secret ballot ways the political process was reformed (5) https://quizlet.com/36068892/apush-ch-20-the-progressives-1867-1901-flash-cards/ recall The people could possibly remove an incompetent politician from office by having a second election. https://quizlet.com/36068892/apush-ch-20-the-progressives-1867-1901-flash-cards/ (Related) recall try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) The people could possibly remove an incompetent politician from office by having a second election. A second election could be called by the people, and could possibly remove an incompetent politician from office. https://quizlet.com/36068892/apush-ch-20-the-progressives-1867-1901-flash-cards/ (Related) Initiative, referendum, recall Initiative: people have the right to propose a new law. Referendum: a law passed by the legislature can be reference to the people for approval/veto. Recall: the people can petition and vote to have an elected official removed from office. These all made elected officials more responsible and sensitive to the needs of the people, and part of the movement to make government more efficient and scientific. https://quizlet.com/36068892/apush-ch-20-the-progressives-1867-1901-flash-cards/ (Related) Recall Gave citizens a chance to remove an elected official from office before the person's term ended. Expanded the power of the electorate. https://quizlet.com/36068892/apush-ch-20-the-progressives-1867-1901-flash-cards/ (Related) recall let voters remove an official from office https://quizlet.com/36068892/apush-ch-20-the-progressives-1867-1901-flash-cards/ (Related) attacked political machines, city manager system, direct primary, initiative/referendum/recall , secret ballot ways the political process was reformed (5) https://quizlet.com/36068892/apush-ch-20-the-progressives-1867-1901-flash-cards/ initiative allowed all citizens to introduce a bill into the legislative and required members to take a vote on it https://quizlet.com/1826450/apush-ch-21-flash-cards/ (Related) Initiative, referendum, recall Initiative: people have the right to propose a new law. Referendum: a law passed by the legislature can be reference to the people for approval/veto. Recall: the people can petition and vote to have an elected official removed from office. These all made elected officials more responsible and sensitive to the needs of the people, and part of the movement to make government more efficient and scientific. https://quizlet.com/1826450/apush-ch-21-flash-cards/ (Related) initiative the process of petitioning a legislature to introduce a bill. It was part of the Populist Party's platform in 1891, along with referendum and recall. These all intended to make the people more responsible for their laws and allow them to make political decisions rather than the legislature. https://quizlet.com/1826450/apush-ch-21-flash-cards/ (Related) initiative let voters tell the legislature to consider a bill https://quizlet.com/1826450/apush-ch-21-flash-cards/ (Related) attacked political machines, city manager system, direct primary, initiative/referendum/recall , secret ballot ways the political process was reformed (5) https://quizlet.com/1826450/apush-ch-21-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Initiative/Referendum/Recall The electoral reforms that some western states inagurated to restore government by the people. Initiative: Voters can instruct the legislature to consider a specific bill. Referendum: People could directly vote on things, and policy issues. Recall pettitionVoters can remove a public official from office. Ironically, Voter participation rates declined because of thee reforms. https://quizlet.com/1826450/apush-ch-21-flash-cards/ Secret Ballot Voters do not reveal who they vote for or how they vote on an issue because their decision is made in private. This keeps the election fair and free from threat or intimidation. https://quizlet.com/17936718/apush-chapter-28-flash-cards/ (Related) Voter participation: Australian, or secret ballot Political parties could manipulate and intimidate voters by printing lists of party candidates and watching voters drop them into the ballot box. In 1888, MA was first state to adopt a system successfully tried in Australia of issuing ballots printed by the state and requiring voters to mark their choices secretly. By 1910, done in all states https://quizlet.com/17936718/apush-chapter-28-flash-cards/ (Related) Secret Ballot -privacy at the ballot box ensured that citizens can cast votes without party bosses knowing how they voted-opposed by party bosses-also allowed people to split their ticket between parties https://quizlet.com/17936718/apush-chapter-28-flash-cards/ 16th amendment First income tax https://quizlet.com/8286151/chapter-29-vocab-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) 16th Amendment Federal income tax legalized: Congress has the power to lay and collect income taxes. (1913) https://quizlet.com/8286151/chapter-29-vocab-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) 16th Amendment Amendment to the United States Constitution (1913) gave Congress the power to tax income. https://quizlet.com/8286151/chapter-29-vocab-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) 16th Amendment Authorized the collection of income tax. This made the rich pay their fair share to the government as well as allowing the Underwood-Simmons Tariff of 1913 to lower many tariffs https://quizlet.com/8286151/chapter-29-vocab-apush-flash-cards/ 17th Amendment Direct election of Senators. The people will directly elect U.S. Senators, instead of the previous process of State governments choosing their State's Senators. (1913) https://quizlet.com/1908809/apush-unit-9-flash-cards/ (Related) 17th Amendment Established that senators were to be elected directly. This law was intended to create a more democratic, fair society. https://quizlet.com/1908809/apush-unit-9-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) 17th Amendment Passed in 1913, this amendment to the Constitution calls for the direct election of senators by the voters instead of their election by state legislatures. https://quizlet.com/1908809/apush-unit-9-flash-cards/ 18th Amendment Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages, 1919 https://quizlet.com/9630833/apush-chapter-30-id-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) 18th Amendment Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages. https://quizlet.com/9630833/apush-chapter-30-id-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) 18th Amendment Prohibited the non-medical sale of alcohol This amendment is the midpoint of a growing drive towards women's rights as well as showing the moral attitude of the era. https://quizlet.com/9630833/apush-chapter-30-id-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) 4. 18th Amendment This amendment had its roots in the religious revival in the 1820s. Since then over half the US states had put in state laws that had the same affect as this amendment. This amendment made it federal law in all states starting in 1919 that the sale, transportation, and manufacture of alcohol for beverage purposes was illegal. This led to the bootlegging and gangsters in the 1920s. https://quizlet.com/9630833/apush-chapter-30-id-terms-flash-cards/ 19th Amendment Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920) extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections. https://quizlet.com/18317544/ap-us-history-chapter-21-vocabulary-flash-cards/ (Related) 19th Amendment Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920) extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections. https://quizlet.com/18317544/ap-us-history-chapter-21-vocabulary-flash-cards/ (Related) 19th Amendment Women right to vote protected: "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State on account of sex." (1920) https://quizlet.com/18317544/ap-us-history-chapter-21-vocabulary-flash-cards/ (Related) 19th Amendment Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920) extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections. https://quizlet.com/18317544/ap-us-history-chapter-21-vocabulary-flash-cards/ (Related) 19th Amendment Established that no citizen can be denied the right to vote on account of sex. Granted women the ability to vote. https://quizlet.com/18317544/ap-us-history-chapter-21-vocabulary-flash-cards/ Robert La Follette/ Wisconsin Idea Robert La Folltette came up with this idea that the people of the states would be able to elect their own senator. He was part of the Wisconsin legislature, so he called it the Wisconsin Idea. It was passed by Congress and is still used today. try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) https://quizlet.com/10742136/chapters-21-and-22-of-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Robert La Follette (Wisconsin Idea)- Political The Wisconsin Idea was created by the state's progressives to do away with monopolies, trusts, high costs of living, and predatory wealth. Reforms in labor and worker's rights were one of the major aspects of the Wisconsin Idea. The Idea was developed by Robert La Follette, Governor and later Senator from Wisconsin. La Follette was a leader of the national Progressive movement, who ran for President on the Progressive ticket in 1924 https://quizlet.com/10742136/chapters-21-and-22-of-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) "wisconsin idea" The Wisconsin Idea was created by the state's progressives to do away with monopolies, trusts, high costs of living, and predatory wealth. Reforms in labor and worker's rights were one of the major aspects of the Wisconsin Idea. The Idea was developed by Robert La Follette, Governor and later Senator from Wisconsin. La Follette was a leader of the national Progressive movement, who ran for President on the Progressive ticket in 1924 https://quizlet.com/10742136/chapters-21-and-22-of-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) The Wisconsin Idea Progressive-era policy to apply the expertise of the state's university to social legislation that benefited all the state's citizens; it led to classic programs such as regulation of utilities, workers' compensation, tax reform, and university extension services; https://quizlet.com/10742136/chapters-21-and-22-of-apush-flash-cards/ Muller v. Oregon 1908 Louis D. Brandeis persuaded the Supreme Court to accept the constitutionality of laws protecting women workers by presenting evidence of the harmful effects of factory labor on women's weaker bodies https://quizlet.com/20046541/apush-chapter-29-flash-cards/ (Related) Muller v. Oregon a landmark decision in United States Supreme Court history, as it relates to both sex discrimination and labor laws. The case upheld Oregon state restrictions on the working hours of women as justified by the special state interest in protecting women's health., 10-hour work day for women laundry workers on health and community concerns https://quizlet.com/20046541/apush-chapter-29-flash-cards/ (Related) Muller v. Oregon 1908 - Supreme Court upheld Oregon state restrictions on the working hours of women as justified by the special state interest in protecting women's health https://quizlet.com/20046541/apush-chapter-29-flash-cards/ (Related) Muller v. Oregon 1908 - Supreme Court upheld Oregon state restrictions on the working hours of women as justified by the special state interest in protecting women's health https://quizlet.com/20046541/apush-chapter-29-flash-cards/ (Related) Muller v. Oregon 1908 - Supreme Court upheld Oregon state restrictions on the working hours of women as justified by the special state interest in protecting women's health https://quizlet.com/20046541/apush-chapter-29-flash-cards/ Lochner v. New York 1905overturns new york law setting 8 hr maximum working hours for bakery workers https://quizlet.com/5323393/apush-supreme-court-cases-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Lochner v. New York overturns new york law setting 8 hr maximum working hours for bakery workers- 1905 https://quizlet.com/5323393/apush-supreme-court-cases-flash-cards/ (Related) Lochner v. New York (1905) Declared unconstitutional a New York act limiting the working hours of bakers due to a denial of the 14th Amendment rights. https://quizlet.com/5323393/apush-supreme-court-cases-flash-cards/ (Related) Lochner v. New York 1905 198 U.S. 45 (1905), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case that held a "liberty of contract" was implicit in the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The case involved a New York law that limited the number of hours that a baker could work each day to ten, and limited the number of hours that a baker could work each week to 60. By a 5-4 vote, the Supreme Court rejected the argument that the law was necessary to protect the health of bakers, deciding it was a labor law attempting to regulate the terms of employment, and calling it an "unreasonable, unnecessary and arbitrary interference with the right and liberty of the individual to contract." Justice Rufus Peckham wrote for the majority, while Justices John Marshall Harlan and Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. filed dissents. https://quizlet.com/5323393/apush-supreme-court-cases-flash-cards/ (Related) Lochner v. New York (1905) This supreme court case debated whether or not New York state violated the liberty of the fourteenth amendment which allowed Lochner to regulate his business when he made a contract. The specific contract Lochner made violated the New York statute which stated that bakers could not work more than 60 hours per week, and more than 10 hours per day. Ultimately, it was ruled that the New York State law was invalid, and interfered with the freedom of contract. https://quizlet.com/5323393/apush-supreme-court-cases-flash-cards/ Triangle Shirtwaist fire An industrial disaster in NYC that caused the death of 146 garment workers who died from the fire or jumped to their deaths. The fire led to legislation requiring improved factory safety standards and helped spur the growth the the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, which fought for safer conditions. https://quizlet.com/4309891/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-28-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Triangle Shirtwaist fire Disaster at a New York factory in 1911 when 146 workers were either burned or jumped to their deaths from the eight or ninth floor, most of them young women. https://quizlet.com/4309891/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-28-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Triangle Shirtwaist Fire NYC, March 25, 1911; industrial disaster in the history of the city of New York, causing the death of 146 garment workers who either died from the fire or jumped to their deaths. It was the worst workplace disaster in New York City until September 11, 2001. The fire led to legislation requiring improved factory safety standards and helped spur the growth of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, which fought for safer and better working conditions for sweatshop workers in that industry; located in the Asch Building https://quizlet.com/4309891/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-28-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (1911) A horrific incident involving a fire that erupted in a locked factory, killing dozens. This case had the effect of increasing government regulation of factory safety conditions. https://quizlet.com/4309891/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-28-vocab-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) Square Deal President Theodore Roosevelt's plan for reform; all Americans are entitled to an equal opportinity to succeed, Focused on busting trusts, gov't regulation of big biz, fair chance for labor, and environmental conservation https://quizlet.com/979264/apush-chapter-22-vocabulary-flash-cards/ (Related) Square Deal Roosevelt's policy of having the federal government promote the public interest by dealing evenhandedly with both labor and business https://quizlet.com/979264/apush-chapter-22-vocabulary-flash-cards/ (Related) Square Deal President Theodore Roosevelt's domestic program formed upon four basic ideas of Conservation, Regulating Business Monopolies, Enforcing the Anti-Trust act, and supporting Progressive ideas. https://quizlet.com/979264/apush-chapter-22-vocabulary-flash-cards/ (Related) Square Deal Roosevelt's policy of having the federal government promote the public interest by dealing evenhandedly with both labor and business. Three C's: Control of Corporations, Consumer Protection, Conservation of Natural Resources. https://quizlet.com/979264/apush-chapter-22-vocabulary-flash-cards/ (Related) TR's Square Deal "Square Deal" embraced the three Cs: control of the corporations, consumer protection, and the conservation of the United States' natural resources. https://quizlet.com/979264/apush-chapter-22-vocabulary-flash-cards/ Elkins Act 1903; aimed primarily at the rebate evil; heavy fines could now be imposed both on the railroads that gave rebates and on the shippers that accepted them https://quizlet.com/1845395/apush-ch-28-30-review-for-test-flash-cards/ (Related) Elkins Act (1903) strengthened the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 by imposing heavy fines on railroads offering rebates and on the shippers accepting them https://quizlet.com/1845395/apush-ch-28-30-review-for-test-flash-cards/ (Related) Elkins Act The Elkins Act is a 1903 United States federal law that amended the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887.[1] The Elkins Act authorized the Interstate Commerce Commission to impose heavy fines on railroads that offered rebates, and upon the shippers that accepted these rebates. The railroad companies were not permitted to offer rebates. Railroad corporations, their officers and employees were all made liable for discriminatory practices. https://quizlet.com/1845395/apush-ch-28-30-review-for-test-flash-cards/ (Related) Elkins Act 1903 rebates This strengthened earlier federal legislation that outlawed preferential pricing through rebates. Rebates are returns of parts of the amount paid for goods or services, serving as a reduction or discount. This act also prohibited railroads from transporting goods they owned. As a dodge around previous legislation, railroads were buying goods and transporting them as if they were their own. https://quizlet.com/1845395/apush-ch-28-30-review-for-test-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Mann-Elkins Act 1910 Signed by Taft, it bolstered the regulatory powers of the Interstate Commerce Commission and supported labor reforms. It gave the ICC the power to prosecute its own inquiries into violations of its regulations. https://quizlet.com/1845395/apush-ch-28-30-review-for-test-flash-cards/ Meat Inspection Act of 1906 Passed in 1906 largely in reaction to Upton Sinclair's The Jungle, the law set strict standards of cleanliness in the meatpacking industry. https://quizlet.com/2000631/the-progressive-reform-era-flash-cards/ (Related) Meat Inspection Act Inspired by Upton Sinclair's The Jungle, this 1906 bill established a government commission that would monitor the quality of all meat sold in America and inspect the meatpaking houses for safety and cleanliness. https://quizlet.com/2000631/the-progressive-reform-era-flash-cards/ (Related) Meat Inspection Act, 1906 established a rating system for meat, required federal inspection of meat processing to ensure sanitary conditions https://quizlet.com/2000631/the-progressive-reform-era-flash-cards/ (Related) Meat Inspection Act Required strict cleanliness requirements for meat packers and created a program of federal meat inspection. It came about in 1906 as a result of president Roosevelt reading Upton Sinclair's The Jungle. Roosevelt appointed a commission of experts. To investigate the meat packing industry. Then the commission issued a report backing up Sinclair's account of the disgusting conditions in the industry. https://quizlet.com/2000631/the-progressive-reform-era-flash-cards/ Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 Passed in 1906, the first law to regulate manufacturing of food and medicines; prohibited dangerous additives and inaccurate labeling. https://quizlet.com/160678/apush-unit-10-flash-cards/ (Related) Pure Food and Drug Act (TR) 1906 , 1906 - Forbade the manufacture or sale of mislabeled or adulterated food or drugs, it gave the government broad powers to ensure the safety and efficacy of drugs in order to abolish the "patent" drug trade. Still in existence as the FDA. https://quizlet.com/160678/apush-unit-10-flash-cards/ (Related) Pure Food and Drug Act Designed to prevent the adulteration and mislabeling of foods and drugs. It gave consumers protection from dangerous and impure foods https://quizlet.com/160678/apush-unit-10-flash-cards/ (Related) Pure Food and Drug Act 1906 law that forbade the manufacture, sale, or transportation of food and patent medicine containing harmful ingredients, and required that containers of food and medicines carry ingredient labels https://quizlet.com/160678/apush-unit-10-flash-cards/ (Related) Pure food and Drug Act It was created in 1906 and was designed to prevent the adulteration and mislabeling of foods and pharmaceuticals. It was made to protect the consumer. https://quizlet.com/160678/apush-unit-10-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) Newlands act of 1902 authorized the federal government to collect money from the sale of public lands in western states and then use these funds for the development of irrigation projects https://quizlet.com/4701184/chapter-28-29-apush-key-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Newlands Act of 1902 let fed. gov. collect money from the sale of lands in the west & use the money for irrigation projects https://quizlet.com/4701184/chapter-28-29-apush-key-terms-flash-cards/ Gifford Pinchot known for reforming the management and development of forests in the United States and for advocating the conservation of the nation's reserves by planned use and renewal. He called it "the art of producing from the forest whatever it can yield for the service of man." He coined the term conservation ethic as applied to natural resources. https://quizlet.com/738602/apush-chapter-29-flash-cards/ (Related) Gifford Pinchot was the first Chief of the United States Forest Service (1905-1910) and the Governor of Pennsylvania (1923-1927, 1931-1935). He was a Republican and Progressive. Pinchot is known for reforming the management and development of forests in the United States and for advocating the conservation of the nation's reserves by planned use and renewal. https://quizlet.com/738602/apush-chapter-29-flash-cards/ (Related) Gifford Pinchot a conservationist who was part of the US Forest Service; helps pass the National Reclamation Act/Newlands Act; advocated multiple-use land management https://quizlet.com/738602/apush-chapter-29-flash-cards/ (Related) Gifford Pinchot Forestry Department Head; fired by Taft over consevationism controversy with Ballinger https://quizlet.com/738602/apush-chapter-29-flash-cards/ (Related) Gifford Pinchot head of the U.S. Forest Servic under Roosevelt, who believed that it was possible to make use of natural resources while conserving them https://quizlet.com/738602/apush-chapter-29-flash-cards/ Election of 1912 Presidential campaign involving Taft, T. Roosevelt, and Woodrow Wilson. Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican vote, enabling Wilson to win https://quizlet.com/1871479/apush-ch-28-31-flash-cards/ (Related) Election of 1912 Presidential campaign involving Taft, T. Roosevelt, and Woodrow Wilson. Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican vote, enabling Wilson to win https://quizlet.com/1871479/apush-ch-28-31-flash-cards/ (Related) Election of 1912 In this election, the Democrats nominated Woodrow Wilson, giving him a strong progressive platform called the "New Freedom" program. The Republicans were split between Taft and Roosevelt's Bull Moose Party with its "New Nationalism" program. By the division of the Republican Party, a Democratic victory was ensured. Woodrow Wilson won. The Republicans were thrust into a minority status in Congress for the next six years. try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) https://quizlet.com/1871479/apush-ch-28-31-flash-cards/ (Related) Election of 1912 Presidential campaign involving Taft, T. Roosevelt, and Woodrow Wilson. Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican vote, enabling Wilson to win https://quizlet.com/1871479/apush-ch-28-31-flash-cards/ Underwood Tariff Bill Congressional measure to provide the a substantial reduction of rates, and the first ever implementation of a graduated income tax on incomes $3000+ https://quizlet.com/9659203/apush-29-flash-cards/ (Related) Underwood Tariff Pushed through Congress by Woodrow Wilson, this 1913 tariff reduced average tariff duties by almost 15% and established a graduated income tax https://quizlet.com/9659203/apush-29-flash-cards/ (Related) Underwood Tariff of 1913 which substantially reduced import fees and enacted a graduated income tax (under the approval of the recent 16th Amendment). https://quizlet.com/9659203/apush-29-flash-cards/ (Related) Underwood Tariff Bill Provided for a substantial reduction of rates- passed in house but lobbyists attacked senate, Wilson denounced and bill passed in 1913 https://quizlet.com/9659203/apush-29-flash-cards/ (Related) Underwood Tariff (1913) This tariff provided for a substantial reduction of rates and enacted an unprecedented, graduated federal income tax. By 1917, revenue from the income tax surpassed receipts from the tariff, a gap that has since been vastly widened. https://quizlet.com/9659203/apush-29-flash-cards/ Federal Reserve Act (1913) This act created a central banking system, consisting of twelve regional banks governed by the Federal Reserve Board. It was an attempt to provide the United States with a sound yet flexible currency. The Board it created still plays a vital role in the American economy today. https://quizlet.com/9859115/apush-chapter-30-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Federal Reserve Act of 1913 created 12 district banks that would lend $ at discount rates (could increase/decrease amt. of $ in circulation); loosen/tighten credit with nation's needs; first central banking system since 1836 https://quizlet.com/9859115/apush-chapter-30-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) 1913 Federal Reserve Act which created the new Federal Reserve Board, which oversaw a nationwide system of twelve regional reserve districts, each with its own central bank, and had the power to issue paper money ("Federal Reserve Notes"). https://quizlet.com/9859115/apush-chapter-30-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Federal Reserve Act of 1913 try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) Glass-Owen Federal Reserve Act of 1913 created a Federal Reserve System of regional banks and a Federal Reserve Board to stabilize the economy by regulating the supply of currency and controlling credit. https://quizlet.com/9859115/apush-chapter-30-terms-flash-cards/ Federal Trade Commission Act A banner accomplishment of Woodrow Wilson's administration, this law empowered a standing, presidentially appointed commission to investigate illegal business practices in interstate commerce like unlawful competition, false advertising, and mislabeling of goods. https://quizlet.com/8111360/apush-ch-29-flash-cards/ (Related) Federal Trade Commission Act empowered a president-appointed position to investigate the activities of trusts and stop unfair trade practices such as unlawful competition, false advertising, mislabeling, adulteration, & bribery. https://quizlet.com/8111360/apush-ch-29-flash-cards/ (Related) Federal Trade Commission (1914) Established to preserve competition by preventing unfair business practices and investigate complaints against companies. https://quizlet.com/8111360/apush-ch-29-flash-cards/ (Related) Federal Trade Commission Act set up a position, appointed by the president, to investigate activities of trusts. The goal would be to stop trade practices deemed unfair such as unlawful competition, false advertising, mislabeling, adulteration, and bribery. https://quizlet.com/8111360/apush-ch-29-flash-cards/ (Related) the Federal Trade Commission The new regulatory agency created by the Wilson administration in 1914 that attacked monopolies, false advertisting, and consumer fraud was https://quizlet.com/8111360/apush-ch-29-flash-cards/ (Related) Federal Trade Commission Act A committee formed to investigate industries engaging in interstate commerce. It was created to stop unfair trade practices and to regulate and crush monopolies. https://quizlet.com/8111360/apush-ch-29-flash-cards/ Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914) Lengthened Sherman Anti-Trust Act's list of practices. Exempted labor unions from being called trusts, legalized strikes and peaceful picketing by labor union members. https://quizlet.com/4534608/apush-chapter-30-flash-cards/ (Related) Clayton Anti-Trust Act It added to the Sherman law's list of objectionable trust practices by forbidding price discrimination; a different price for different people, and interlocking directorates; the same people serving on "competitors" boards of trustees. It also exempted labor unions from being considered trusts and legalized strikes as a form of peaceful assembly. Ultimately helped cut down on monopolies. https://quizlet.com/4534608/apush-chapter-30-flash-cards/ (Related) Clayton Anti-Trust Act Wilsonian law that tried to curb business monopoly while permitting labor and agricultural organizations https://quizlet.com/4534608/apush-chapter-30-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Clayton Anti-Trust Act Law extending the anti-trust protections of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act and exempting labor unions and agricultural organizations from anti-monopoly constraints; The act conferred long overdue benefits on labor. https://quizlet.com/4534608/apush-chapter-30-flash-cards/ (Related) Clayton Anti-Trust Act 1914 Law extending the anti-trust protections of the Sherman Anit Trust Act and exempting labor unions and agricultural organizations from antimonopoly constraints. https://quizlet.com/4534608/apush-chapter-30-flash-cards/ (Related) Clayton Anti-Trust Act of 1914 Act passed in 1914, which outlawed such practices as price discrimination (charging different customers different prices for the same goods), "tying" agreements that limited the right of dealers to handle the products of competing manufacturers, interlocking directorates connecting corporations with a capital of more than $1 million (or banks with more than $5 million), and corporations' acquisition of stock in competing corporations. https://quizlet.com/4534608/apush-chapter-30-flash-cards/ Federal Farm Loan Act reform law that made credit available to farmers at low rates https://quizlet.com/10661193/apush-21-flash-cards/ (Related) Federal Farm Loan Act of 1916 Enacted in 1916 that set up twelve Federal Land Banks, under the control of a Federal Farm Loan Board, that offered farmers loans of five to forty years' duration at low interest rates. https://quizlet.com/10661193/apush-21-flash-cards/ (Related) Federal Farm Loan Act (1916) Congressional measure making credit available to farmers at low rates of interest https://quizlet.com/10661193/apush-21-flash-cards/ (Related) Federal Farm Loan Act Passed by president Wilson in 1916. Was originally a reform wanted by the Populist party. It gave farmers the chance to get credit at low rates of interest., -developed by democrats to keep farmers' votes in 1916; established 12 Farm Loan Banks that would grant loans to farmers and agricultural cooperatives, and land could be used as collateral https://quizlet.com/10661193/apush-21-flash-cards/ (Related) Federal Farm Loan Act this 1916 legislation designed to help farmers created 12 federally supported banks which could lend money at moderate interest to farmers who belonged to credit institutions https://quizlet.com/10661193/apush-21-flash-cards/ Adamson Act This law established an eight-hour day for all employees on trains involved in interstate commerce, with extra pay for overtime. It was the first federal law regulating the hours of workers in private companies, and was upheld by the Supreme Court Wilson v. New (1917). https://quizlet.com/1815235/apush-ch-29-flash-cards/ (Related) 1916 Adamson Act established an eight-hour workday with overtime pay. https://quizlet.com/1815235/apush-ch-29-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Adamson Act of 1916 established an eight-hour workday with overtime pay. https://quizlet.com/1815235/apush-ch-29-flash-cards/ (Related) Adamson Act (1916) This law established an eight-hour day for all employees on trains involved in interstate commerce, with extra pay for overtime. It was the first federal law regulating the hours of workers in private companies, and was upheld by the Supreme Court Wilson v. New (1917). https://quizlet.com/1815235/apush-ch-29-flash-cards/ (Related) Adamson Act (1916) This law established an eight-hour day for all employees on trains involved in interstate commerce, with extra pay for overtime. It was the first federal law regulating the hours of workers in private companies, and was upheld by the Supreme Court Wilson v. New (1917). https://quizlet.com/1815235/apush-ch-29-flash-cards/ Jones act Act that replaced the Foraker Act.\tIt gave Puerto Ricans full citizenship, as well as a government that was similar to a state government. https://quizlet.com/9659203/apush-29-flash-cards/ (Related) Jones Act in 1916 which granted full territorial status to the Philippines and promised independence as soon as a stable government could be established. https://quizlet.com/9659203/apush-29-flash-cards/ (Related) Jones Act (1916) Law according territorial status to the Philippines and promising independence as soon as a "stable government" could be established. The U.S. did not grant the Philippines independence until July 4, 1946. https://quizlet.com/9659203/apush-29-flash-cards/ (Related) Jones Act (1916) The act that granted the Phillipines territorial status and promised independence as soon as stable government was achieved https://quizlet.com/9659203/apush-29-flash-cards/ (Related) Jones Act Granted to the Philippines the boon of territorial status and promised independence as soon as a "stable government" was established. https://quizlet.com/9659203/apush-29-flash-cards/ Josiah Strong expansionist who blended racist and religious reasons to justify American expansion in the 1880s and 1890s; he saw the Anglo-Saxon race as trained by God to expand throughout the world and spread Christianity along the way. https://quizlet.com/1796679/apush-ch27-flash-cards/ (Related) Reverend Josiah Strong Our Country: It's Possible Future and Its Present Crisis. Strong spoke for civilizing and Christianizing savages. https://quizlet.com/1796679/apush-ch27-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Reverend Josiah Strong wrote Our Country: It's Possible Future and Present Crisis https://quizlet.com/1796679/apush-ch27-flash-cards/ (Related) Josiah Strong American clergyman who preached Anglo-Saxon superiority and called for stronger U.S. missionary effort overseas https://quizlet.com/1796679/apush-ch27-flash-cards/ (Related) Josiah Strong Wrote "Our Country: Its Possible Future and its Present Crisis", an American pastor and imperialist who praised civilization and values, inspired missionaries and pious people to spread western culture and religion https://quizlet.com/1796679/apush-ch27-flash-cards/ (Related) Josiah Strong Author of Our Country, expansionist who blended racist and religious reasons to justify American expansion; he saw the Anglo-Saxon race as trained by God to expand throughout the world and spread Christianity along the way. https://quizlet.com/1796679/apush-ch27-flash-cards/ Alfred Thayer Mahan, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History Alfred Thayer Mahan was a Naval Admiral who was a very effective advocate of imperialism. In the book, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, Mahan claimed that countries with sea power were the great nations of history. Mahan also believed that America should at least acquire defensive bases in the Caribbean and the Pacific and take possession of Pacific islands like Hawaii. DIPLOMATIC. https://quizlet.com/19718770/chapter-19-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) The author who called on the United States to increase its naval forces in his book, The Influence of Sea Power upon History, was Alfred T. Mahan https://quizlet.com/19718770/chapter-19-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) The author of The Influence of Sea Power upon History believed the United States should take possession of the Hawaiian Islands. https://quizlet.com/19718770/chapter-19-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) The Influence of Sea Power Upon History an influential treatise on naval warfare written in 1890 by Alfred Thayer Mahan. It details the role of sea power throughout history and discusses the various factors needed to support a strong navy. https://quizlet.com/19718770/chapter-19-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) The Influence of Sea Power Upon History (1890) Written by Alfred Mahan who argued that control of the sea was the key to world dominance; it was very influential in promoting the growth of US naval power during the 19th century. https://quizlet.com/19718770/chapter-19-apush-flash-cards/ Teller Amendment Act of Congress in 1898 that stated that when the United States had rid Cuba of Spanish rule, Cuba would be granted its freedom. It prevented Cuba from turning hostile towards the U.S. https://quizlet.com/11321179/amsco-ap-us-history-chapter-20-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Teller Amendment This proviso was passed after Congress essentially declared war on Spain for its actions in Cuba. This legislation declared to the world that the US had overthrown Spanish misrule and would give Cubans their freedom. The US honored it in 1902, and withdrew from Cuba. https://quizlet.com/11321179/amsco-ap-us-history-chapter-20-flash-cards/ (Related) Teller Amendment April 1896 - U.S. declared Cuba free from Spain, but this amendment disclaimed any American intention to annex Cuba https://quizlet.com/11321179/amsco-ap-us-history-chapter-20-flash-cards/ (Related) Teller Amendment Legislation that promised the US would not annex Cuba after winning the Spanish-American war https://quizlet.com/11321179/amsco-ap-us-history-chapter-20-flash-cards/ (Related) Teller Amendment On April 11, 1898 McKinley sent a war message to Congress urging armed intervention to free the oppressed Cubans. This was favorably received by Congress which responded with a declaration of war. The Teller Amendment was an amendment to this declaration which declared that when the United States had overthrown Spanish rule of Cuba it would give the Cubans their freedom. The imperial powers of Europe were skeptical, however the United States withdrew from Cuba in 1902 as promised. https://quizlet.com/11321179/amsco-ap-us-history-chapter-20-flash-cards/ Annexation of Hawaii Cleveland rejects annexation of Hawaii McKinley annexes Hawaii https://quizlet.com/163310371/apush-imperialism-hawaii-flash-cards/ (Related) Hawaii From the 1820's, the US missionaries always liked the Hawaiian Islands. Treaties signed in 1875 and 1887 guaranteed commercial trade and US rights to Pearl Harbor, while Hawaiian sugar was very profitable. In 1890, the McKinley Tariff raised the prices of sugar. Americans believed that the best way to offset this tariff was to annex Hawaii; however, this was opposed by Queen Liliuokalani. Cleveland didn't believe that it was right to annex Hawaii after the American Coup over there, but at the end of his presidency, Hawaii became part of the US. https://quizlet.com/163310371/apush-imperialism-hawaii-flash-cards/ (Related) Annexation of Hawaii U.S. wanted Hawaii for business and so Hawaiian sugar could be sold in the U.S. duty free, Queen Liliuokalani opposed so Sanford B. Dole overthrew her in 1893, William McKinley convinced Congress to annex Hawaii in 1898 https://quizlet.com/163310371/apush-imperialism-hawaii-flash-cards/ (Related) annexation of Hawaii McKinley Tariff made Hawaiian sugar expensive; Americans felt that the best way to offset this was to annex Hawaii—a move opposed by its Queen Liliuokalani—but in 1893, desperate Americans in Hawaii revolted; succeeded, and Hawaii seemed ready for annexation, but Grover Cleveland became president again, investigated the coup, found it to be wrong, and delayed the annexation of Hawaii until he basically left office https://quizlet.com/163310371/apush-imperialism-hawaii-flash-cards/ Emilio Aguinaldo Filipino leader, helped US overthrow Spanish rulers in Philippines, led a revolt against US rule in Philippines, was crushed by US soldiers https://quizlet.com/18446735/apush-chapter-27-vocab-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Emilio Aguinaldo Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain (1895-1898). He proclaimed the independence of the Philippines in 1899, but his movement was crushed and he was captured by the United States Army in 1901. (p. 743) https://quizlet.com/18446735/apush-chapter-27-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Emilio Aguinaldo Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain (1895-1898). He proclaimed the independence of the Philippines in 1899, but his movement was crushed and he was captured by the United States Army in 1901. https://quizlet.com/18446735/apush-chapter-27-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Emilio Aguinaldo led American troops and captured Manila, collaborating with Filipino insurgents to overthrow the Spanish rulers Sig) On July 7, 1898, the U.S. annexed Hawaii (so that it could use the islands to support Dewey, supposedly), and Hawaii received full territorial status in 1900 https://quizlet.com/18446735/apush-chapter-27-vocab-flash-cards/ Insular Cases Supreme Court cases that the Puerto Rican islanders did not have full American rights https://quizlet.com/4325252/apush-chapter-27-flash-cards-flash-cards/ (Related) Insular cases Determined that inhabitants of U.S. territories had some, but not all, of the rights of U.S. citizens. https://quizlet.com/4325252/apush-chapter-27-flash-cards-flash-cards/ (Related) Insular Cases (1901) ruled that people in our territories were not U.S. citizens and therefore didn't have equal rights; constitution didn't apply. "flag outrun constitution" https://quizlet.com/4325252/apush-chapter-27-flash-cards-flash-cards/ (Related) Insular Cases These were court cases dealing with islands/countries that had been recently annexed and demanded the rights of a citizen. These Supreme Court cases decided that the Constitution did not always follow the flag, thus denying the rights of a citizen to Puerto Ricans and Filipinos. https://quizlet.com/4325252/apush-chapter-27-flash-cards-flash-cards/ (Related) Insular Cases These were court cases dealing with islands/countries that had been recently annexed and demanded the rights of a citizen. These Supreme Court cases decided that the Constitution did not always follow the flag, thus denying the rights of a citizen to Puerto Ricans and Filipinos. https://quizlet.com/4325252/apush-chapter-27-flash-cards-flash-cards/ Election of 1900 McKinley/TR as VP for Republicans; Bryan for Democrats; McKinley: no reason to dislike him except maybe Dems and farmers but farmers buy sugar and sugar is cheaper now; in 1898, TR becomes war hero and Platt wanted TR to "confer" with him but couldn't deal w/ him for 4 yrs; McKinley inaugurated in March and gets shot in September (1901) https://quizlet.com/1871479/apush-ch-28-31-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Election of 1900 The Republicans nominated William McKinley on a platform that advocated imperialism while the Democrats chose Willima J. Bryan on a platform of free silver. During the election, the Republicans professed tha free silver would end U.S. prosperity. McKinley won the election with an overwhelming victory in the urban areas. https://quizlet.com/1871479/apush-ch-28-31-flash-cards/ (Related) Election of 1900 The Republicans nominated William McKinley on a platform that advocated imperialism while the Democrats chose Willima J. Bryan on a platform of free silver. During the election, the Republicans professed tha free silver would end U.S. prosperity. McKinley won the election with an overwhelming victory in the urban areas. https://quizlet.com/1871479/apush-ch-28-31-flash-cards/ (Related) 966. Election of 1900: candidates, issues Republican, William McKinley defeated Democrate, Williams Bryan. The issue was imperialism. https://quizlet.com/1871479/apush-ch-28-31-flash-cards/ Open Door Policy Statement of U.S. foreign policy toward China. Issued by U.S. secretary of state John Hay (1899), the statement reaffirmed the principle that all countries should have equal access to any Chinese port open to trade. https://quizlet.com/4227648/apush-vocabulary-chapter-28-flash-cards/ (Related) Open Door Policy John Hay's clever diplomatic efforts to preserve Chinese territorial integrity and maintain American access to China https://quizlet.com/4227648/apush-vocabulary-chapter-28-flash-cards/ (Related) Open Door Policy A policy that asked powerful and influential countries to respect Chinese rights and promote fair trade with low tariffs. This policy was accepted by other countries and prevented any country from creating a monopoly on Chinese trade. https://quizlet.com/4227648/apush-vocabulary-chapter-28-flash-cards/ Boxer Rebellion Also known as The Boxer Uprising, this was the popular peasant uprising in China (supported nationally), that blamed foreign people and institutions for the loss of the traditional Chinese way of life. "Boxers" were traditionally skilled fighters that attacked Westerners, beginning with Christian missionaries. https://quizlet.com/14751616/apush-enduring-vision-ids-chapter-22-flash-cards/ (Related) Boxer Rebellion Fanatical Chinese insurgency against Christians and foreigners (occupation of Beijing); defeated by an international force to which the U.S. contributed troops; further weakened Chinese government https://quizlet.com/14751616/apush-enduring-vision-ids-chapter-22-flash-cards/ (Related) Boxer Rebellion - Boxers were group of Chinese revolutionaries that despised western intervention in ChinaResulted in deaths of thousands of converted Chinese Christians, missionaries, and foreign legions https://quizlet.com/14751616/apush-enduring-vision-ids-chapter-22-flash-cards/ (Related) Boxer Rebellion try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) 1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils". The rebellion was ended by British troops https://quizlet.com/14751616/apush-enduring-vision-ids-chapter-22-flash-cards/ (Related) Boxer Rebellion In this uprising started by a superpatriotic Chinese group, over two hundred white missionaries and other people were murdered. Several foreign diplomats were also besieged in Beijing. 18,000 international troops descended and crushed the rebellion, including men from Japan, Russia, Britain, France, Germany, and the US. The allied invaders angrily assessed a Chinese indemnity of $333 million. https://quizlet.com/14751616/apush-enduring-vision-ids-chapter-22-flash-cards/ Roosevelt Corollary Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force. https://quizlet.com/7129459/apush-chapter-27-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Roosevelt Corollary addendum to the Monroe Doctrine, asserted right of the US to intervene and stabilize economic affairs in Central America if they could not pay off their international debts https://quizlet.com/7129459/apush-chapter-27-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Roosevelt Corollary The Roosevelt Corollary was Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine. It stated that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South and Central America by using military force. DIPLOMATIC. https://quizlet.com/7129459/apush-chapter-27-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Roosevelt Corollary Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force https://quizlet.com/7129459/apush-chapter-27-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Roosevelt Corollary Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force https://quizlet.com/7129459/apush-chapter-27-vocab-flash-cards/ Hay-Bunau Varilla Treaty Agreement between the US and the revolutionary government of Panama granting America the right to build a canal https://quizlet.com/4435641/ch-27-apush-flash-cards/ What did TR accomplish at the 1905 Portsmouth Peace Conference? Negotiated the end to the Russo-Japanese war, Russia recognized Japan's territorial gains, Japan agreed to cease expansion, secretly U.S. made deal w/ Japan to ensure free trade for the U.S. in the region. https://quizlet.com/10888448/apush-chapter-21-flash-cards/ (Related) Portsmouth Peace Conference, 1905 formally ended the 1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War. It was signed on September 5, 1905 after negotiations at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard near Portsmouth, New Hampshire in the United States. TR mediated and left both sides unhappy try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) https://quizlet.com/10888448/apush-chapter-21-flash-cards/ Great White Fleet 1907-1909 - Roosevelt sent the Navy on a world tour to show the world the U.S. naval power. Also to pressure Japan into the "Gentlemen's Agreement." https://quizlet.com/1911148/apush-imperialism-flash-cards/ (Related) Great White Fleet 1907-1909 - Roosevelt sent the Navy on a world tour to show the world the U.S. naval power. Also to pressure Japan into the "Gentlemen's Agreement." https://quizlet.com/1911148/apush-imperialism-flash-cards/ (Related) Great White Fleet 1907-1909 - Roosevelt sent the Navy on a world tour to show the world the U.S. naval power. Also to pressure Japan into the "Gentlemen's Agreement." https://quizlet.com/1911148/apush-imperialism-flash-cards/ (Related) great white fleet roosevelt was concerned about japans territorial expansion in Asia had congress upgrade americas navy sent the fleet on a good will cruise to demonstrate american naval power https://quizlet.com/1911148/apush-imperialism-flash-cards/ (Related) The Great White Fleet A group of 16 gleaming white ships on a cruise around the world to display the nation's naval power. https://quizlet.com/1911148/apush-imperialism-flash-cards/ "Dollar Diplomacy" Term used to describe the efforts of the US to further its foreign policy through use of economic power by gaurenteeing loans to foreign countries https://quizlet.com/1871479/apush-ch-28-31-flash-cards/ (Related) "Dollar Diplomacy" term used to describe the effort of the United States to further its aims in Latin America and East Asia through use of its economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries. https://quizlet.com/1871479/apush-ch-28-31-flash-cards/ (Related) Dollar Diplomacy President William Howard Taft's foreign policy was called 'Dollar Diplomacy'. Taft sought to address international problems by extending American investment overseas, believing that such activity would both benefit the US economy and promote stability abroad. https://quizlet.com/1871479/apush-ch-28-31-flash-cards/ (Related) "Dollar Diplomacy" Term used to describe the efforts of the US to further its foreign policy through use of economic power by gaurenteeing loans to foreign countries https://quizlet.com/1871479/apush-ch-28-31-flash-cards/ (Related) 14. Dollar Diplomacy This was a method of ensuring protection and peace between other countries and America by investing money in foreign outlets developed by President Taft. By investing in foreign countries, American could push its political and commercial interests. The US would loan money to foreign countries in exchange for some form of financial control in the foreign country. This policy would improve the relationship between the US and foreign countries as try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) well as US trade. Philander Knox was a supporter of this. Taft used this policy (successfully and unsuccessfully) in China, East Asia, and the Dominican Republican (among others). https://quizlet.com/1871479/apush-ch-28-31-flash-cards/ Henry Cabot Lodge Henry Cabot Lodge was a Republican who disagreed with the Versailles Treaty, and who was the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. He mostly disagreed with the section that called for the League to protect a member who was being threatened. https://quizlet.com/18018465/apush-chapter-29-30-flash-cards/ (Related) Henry cabot Lodge Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he was a leader in the fight against participation in the League of Nations https://quizlet.com/18018465/apush-chapter-29-30-flash-cards/ (Related) Senate Rejection: Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, reservations Lodge was against the League of Nations, so he packed the foreign relaations committee with critics and was successful in convincing the Senate to reject the treaty https://quizlet.com/18018465/apush-chapter-29-30-flash-cards/ (Related) Henry Cabot Lodge Led a group of senators during Woodrow Wilson's presidency known as the "reservationists" during the 1919 debate over the League of Nations. Did not like the idea. https://quizlet.com/18018465/apush-chapter-29-30-flash-cards/ (Related) henry cabot lodge wilsons great senatorial antagonist who fought to keep america out of the league of nations https://quizlet.com/18018465/apush-chapter-29-30-flash-cards/ Moral Diplomacy President Wilson's goals such as to condemn imperialism, spread democracy, and promote peace., Policy was adopted to reject the approach of "dollar diplomacy". Rather than focusing mainly on economic ties with other nations, Wilson's policy was designed to bring right principles to the world, preserve peace, and extend to other peoples the blessings of democracy. https://www.coursehero.com/flashcards/616914/APUSH-Chapter-22/ (Related) Moral Diplomacy President Wilson's policy of condemning imperialism, spreading democracy, and promoting peace internationally. https://www.coursehero.com/flashcards/616914/APUSH-Chapter-22/ (Related) Moral Diplomacy Who: Woodrow WilsonWhat: taking a moral approach to foreign affairsWhen: 1912Where: America and Foreign PolicyWhy: New way to handle foreign affairs https://www.coursehero.com/flashcards/616914/APUSH-Chapter-22/ (Related) Moral Diplomacy foreign policy proposed by President Wilson to condemn imperialism, spread democracy, and promote peace https://www.coursehero.com/flashcards/616914/APUSH-Chapter-22/ Pancho Villa try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) Mexican revolutionary who killed many Americans in Mexico. The United States sent John J Pershing to capture him but never did. https://quizlet.com/8337845/ap-us-history-chapter-29-flash-cards/ (Related) Pancho Villa was a combination of a bandit and a Robin Hood. He was a rival of President Carranza of Mexico. He alluded Pershing and was never caught because Pershing was forced to go fight in WWI. https://quizlet.com/8337845/ap-us-history-chapter-29-flash-cards/ (Related) Pancho Villa Carranza's rival Pancho Villa began stirring up trouble. Pancho Villa was something of a Mexican Robin Hood. He was hated by some who considered him a thief and murderer; he was loved by some who saw him as fighting for the "little man." Pancho Villa raided a train, kidnapped 16 American mining engineers, and killed them. He and his men raided Columbus, New Mexico and killed 19 more people. Wilson sent the Army, headed by Gen. John. J. Pershing, after Pancho Villa. Pershing took a few thousand troops into Mexico, fought both Carranza's and Villa's troops, but couldn't catch Pancho Villa. While hunting Villa, World War I broke out and Pershing was recalled. (Villa would soon be murdered by a Mexican rival.) https://quizlet.com/8337845/ap-us-history-chapter-29-flash-cards/ (Related) Pancho Villa He was initially with carranza when Huerta was in rula and then once Carranza came to rule he became an enemy to Huerta as well. He killed 16 american engineers in Mexico and later killed 19 americans in new mexico. https://quizlet.com/8337845/ap-us-history-chapter-29-flash-cards/ Allied Powers The Allied Powers consisted of France, Russia, and Great Britain during WWI. The alliance was created in 1907 and was called the Triple Entente. DIPLOMATIC. https://quizlet.com/11081845/wwii-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Allied Powers World War I alliance that included Britain, France, Russia, and later the United States and Italy. They opposed the Central Powers. https://quizlet.com/11081845/wwii-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Allied Powers Alliance of Great Britain, Soviet Union, United States, and France during World War II. https://quizlet.com/11081845/wwii-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Allied Powers Great Britain, France, and Russia https://quizlet.com/11081845/wwii-apush-flash-cards/ Triple Alliance/Central powers Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy https://quizlet.com/4334333/apush-chapter-29-flash-cards/ (Related) Central Powers A military alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire in WW1. https://quizlet.com/4334333/apush-chapter-29-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Central Powers During WWI, these countries included Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey. https://quizlet.com/4334333/apush-chapter-29-flash-cards/ (Related) Central Powers World War I alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire https://quizlet.com/4334333/apush-chapter-29-flash-cards/ (Related) Central Powers What is it: World War I alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman EmpireWhat did it do: opposed France and Britain on the Western Front and against Russia on the Eastern FrontWhen: 1914Where: Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman EmpireWhy Important: the central powers fought in WWI against France, Britain, and Russia https://quizlet.com/4334333/apush-chapter-29-flash-cards/ LUSITANIA The Lusitania was a British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The unrestricted submarine warfare caused the U.S. to enter World War I against the Germans. https://quizlet.com/11323764/ap-us-history-chapter-22-world-war-i-1914-1918-flash-cards/ (Related) HMS Lusitania This British liner was sunk in 1915, by German U-Boats, causing Wilson to issue a stern warning to the Germans, telling them not to attack unarmed vessels "without warning". https://quizlet.com/11323764/ap-us-history-chapter-22-world-war-i-1914-1918-flash-cards/ (Related) Lusitania A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war. https://quizlet.com/11323764/ap-us-history-chapter-22-world-war-i-1914-1918-flash-cards/ (Related) Lusitania British passenger liner sunk by a German U-boat, May 7, 1915, creating a diplomatic crisis and public outrage at the loss of 128 Americans (roughly 10 percent of the total aboard); Germany agreed to pay reparations, and the United States waited two more years to enter World War I. https://quizlet.com/11323764/ap-us-history-chapter-22-world-war-i-1914-1918-flash-cards/ (Related) Lusitania Crisis May 7 1914, torpedoing and sinking of a British passenger liner, most passengers drowned including 128 Americans, Wilson responded by sending "strict accountability" message to Germany, WBJ resigned as Secretary of State https://quizlet.com/11323764/ap-us-history-chapter-22-world-war-i-1914-1918-flash-cards/ Sussex pledge which agreed not to sink passenger ships or merchant vessels without warning, so long as the U.S. could get the British to stop their blockade. https://quizlet.com/830784/apush-voc22-flash-cards/ (Related) Sussex pledge A promise to change the naval warfare policy by Germany to the US. Germany had instituted a policy of intensified sub warfare, allowing armed merchant ships, but not passenger ships, to be torpedoed without warning. Despite this restriction, a ferry, the Sussex, was torpedoed without warning. It prompted Wilson to declare that if Germany were to continue this practice, the US would declare war. try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) https://quizlet.com/830784/apush-voc22-flash-cards/ (Related) Sussex pledge A promise Germany made to America, after Wilson threatened to sever ties, to stop sinking their ships without warning. https://quizlet.com/830784/apush-voc22-flash-cards/ (Related) Sussex Pledge (1916) A torpedo from a German submarine hit a french passenger liner, called the Sussex in march 1916. Wilson demanded the Germans refrain from attacking passenger ships. In this statement, Germany said they would temporarily stop these attacks but might have to resume in the future if the British continued to blockade German ports. https://quizlet.com/830784/apush-voc22-flash-cards/ (Related) Sussex Pledge this was given in response to the sinking of a French passenger ship, Sussex, in 1915, it said that Germany promised that no attacks would be made on ships without warning. Germany quickly realized that such a pledge undermined the purpose of a submarine (surprise attack). They retracted the pledge and reverted back to unrestricted submarine warfare. https://quizlet.com/830784/apush-voc22-flash-cards/ Election of 1916 In this election, main concern of voters was whether or not the United States would become involved in World War I. Supreme Court Justice Charles E. Hughes and President Woodrow Wilson ran against each other. Wilson won by an extremely shallow margin, running the campaign slogan "He Kept Us Out Of War" https://quizlet.com/20425238/apush-chapter-28-and-29-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Election of 1916 In this election, main concern of voters was whether or not the United States would become involved in World War I. Supreme Court Justice Charles E. Hughes and President Woodrow Wilson ran against each other. Wilson won by an extremely shallow margin, running the campaign slogan "He Kept Us Out Of War" https://quizlet.com/20425238/apush-chapter-28-and-29-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Election of 1916 In this election, main concern of voters was whether or not the United States would become involved in World War I. Supreme Court Justice Charles E. Hughes and President Woodrow Wilson ran against each other. Wilson won by an extremely shallow margin, running the campaign slogan "He Kept Us Out Of War" https://quizlet.com/20425238/apush-chapter-28-and-29-vocab-flash-cards/ Zimmermann Note message that contained a German proposal to Mexico for an anti-American alliance https://quizlet.com/830784/apush-voc22-flash-cards/ (Related) Zimmermann Note (1917) Secret German message to Mexico (intercepted by the US) which offered to return to Mexico the lands it lost in the Mexican-American War. https://quizlet.com/830784/apush-voc22-flash-cards/ (Related) Zimmermann note German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmerman had secretly proposed a German-Mexican alliance against the United States. When the note was intercepted and published in March 1917, it caused an uproar that made some Americans more willing to enter the war. https://quizlet.com/830784/apush-voc22-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) War Industries Board President Wilson appointed Bernard Baruch to head the board in March of 1918 during WWI-intended to restore economic order- to make sure we were producing enough at home and abroad--never had more than feeble formal powers--was disbanded a few days after the armistice. https://quizlet.com/4667010/apush-ch-22-kt-flash-cards/ (Related) War Industries Board (1917) Headed by Bernard Baruch, this federal agency coordinated industrial production during World War I, setting production quotas, allocating raw materials, and pushing companies to increase efficiency and eliminate waste. Under the economic mobilization of the War Industries Board, industrial production in the United States increased 20 percent during the war. (751) https://quizlet.com/4667010/apush-ch-22-kt-flash-cards/ (Related) War Industries Board This was the name of the group created in 1917 by President Wilson which served as a clearinghouse for industrial mobilization to support the war effort. This group was led by Bernard Baruch. https://quizlet.com/4667010/apush-ch-22-kt-flash-cards/ (Related) War Industries Board (WIB) the central agency for directing military production, established in July 1917; after a fumbling start that showed the limits of voluntarism, the Wilson administration reorganized the board under the direction of Bernard Baruch https://quizlet.com/4667010/apush-ch-22-kt-flash-cards/ (Related) War Industries Board Created in July 1917, the War Industries Board controlled raw materials, production, prices, and labor relations It was intended to restore economic order and to make sure the United States was producing enough at home and abroad. https://quizlet.com/4667010/apush-ch-22-kt-flash-cards/ Food Administration Herbert Hoover was the future president and oversaw coordination of agricultural production and voluntary campaigns to promote food conservation https://quizlet.com/11772114/apush-world-war-i-flash-cards/ (Related) Food Administration An administration created to feed wartime America and its allies. Herbert Hoover, a Quakerhumanitarian, was chosen as the leader, mostly because of his already existent title of "hero" that he acquired leading a massive charitable drive to feed the starving people of war-racked Belgium. This was the most successful of the wartime administrations. https://quizlet.com/11772114/apush-world-war-i-flash-cards/ (Related) Food Administration This government agency was headed by Herbert Hoover and was established to increase the production of food and to ration food for the military. https://quizlet.com/11772114/apush-world-war-i-flash-cards/ (Related) Food Administration It was a government organization created to stir up a patriotic spirit which encouraged people to voluntarily sacrifice some of their own goods for the war. It helped the war effort by helping create a food surplus to feed America and its allies. https://quizlet.com/11772114/apush-world-war-i-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) National War Labor Board This was the name of the group that supported the war effort and acted a kind of Supreme Court for labor and also supported the right for war workers to accept the eight hour work day. https://quizlet.com/101832873/apush-chapter-30-flash-cards/ (Related) National War Labor Board The board was a composition of representatives from business and labor designed to arbitrate disputes between workers and employers. It settled any possible labor difficulties that might hamper the war efforts. https://quizlet.com/101832873/apush-chapter-30-flash-cards/ (Related) National War Labor Board The board was a composition of representatives from business and labor designed to arbitrate disputes between workers and employers. It settled any possible labor difficulties that might hamper the war efforts. https://quizlet.com/101832873/apush-chapter-30-flash-cards/ (Related) National War Labor Board (1918) This wartime agency was chaired by former President Taft and aimed to prevent labor disputes by encouraging high wages and an eight-hour day. While granting some concessions to labor, it stopped short of supporting labor's most important demand: a government guarantee of the right to organize into unions. (751) https://quizlet.com/101832873/apush-chapter-30-flash-cards/ (Related) 8. Match each civilian administrator below with the World War I mobilization agency that he directed. A. George Creel B. Herbert Hoover C. Bernard Baruch D. William H. Taft 1. War Industries Board 2. Committee on Public Information 3. Food Administration 4. National War Labor Board d)A-2 George Creel - Committee on Public Information B-3 Herbert Hoover - Food Administration C-1 Bernard Baruch - War Industries Board D-4 William H. Taft - National War Labor Board https://quizlet.com/101832873/apush-chapter-30-flash-cards/ Committee on Public Information (CPI)/George Creel CPI promoted public support for the war; this government propaganda agency, headed by Creel, attracted progressive reformers and muckraking journalists - educating citizens about democracy, promoting national unity, assimilating immigrants, and breaking down the isolation of rural life - CPI acted as a nationalizing force by promoting the development of a common ideology https://quizlet.com/5030625/apush-world-war-i-1910-1920-flash-cards/ (Related) Committee on Public Information It was headed by George Creel. The purpose of this committee was to mobilize people's minds for war, both in America and abroad. Tried to get the entire U.S. public to support U.S. involvement in WWI. Creel's organization, employed some 150,000 workers at home and oversees. He proved that words were indeed weapons. https://quizlet.com/5030625/apush-world-war-i-1910-1920-flash-cards/ (Related) Committee on Public Information (1917) A government office during World War I known popularly as the Creel Committee for its Chairman George Creel, it was dedicated to winning everyday Americans' support for the war effort. It regularly distributed pro-war propaganda and sent out an army of "fourminute men" to rally crowds and deliver "patriotic pep". (748) https://quizlet.com/5030625/apush-world-war-i-1910-1920-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Committee on Public Information was a propaganda committee that built support for the war effort in Europe among Americans. It depicted Germans and other enemies on bad terms, and served to censor the press. The committee helped spur up the anti-German feeling in America as well as motivated Americans to support war against Germany once declared. https://quizlet.com/5030625/apush-world-war-i-1910-1920-flash-cards/ Sedition Act of 1918 Along with the Espionage Act, it reflected current fears about Germans and anti-war Americans. https://quizlet.com/10318206/apush-ch-30-flash-cards/ (Related) Sedition Act (1918) Prohibited anyone from making "disloyal" or "abusive" remarks about the US government. https://quizlet.com/10318206/apush-ch-30-flash-cards/ (Related) Sedition Act (1918) Added to Espionage Act, this act deemed "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language" about the American form of government, the Constitution, the flag, or the armed forces as criminal and worthy of prosecution-- the reason why Eugene V. Debs was imprisoned. https://quizlet.com/10318206/apush-ch-30-flash-cards/ (Related) Sedition Act (1918) Added to Espionage Act, this act deemed "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language" about the American form of government, the Constitution, the flag, or the armed forces as criminal and worthy of prosecution-- the reason why Eugene V. Debs was imprisoned. https://quizlet.com/10318206/apush-ch-30-flash-cards/ (Related) Sedition Act Made it a crime to criticize the government or government officials. Opponents claimed that it violated citizens' rights to freedom of speech and freedom of the press, gauranteed by the First Amednment. https://quizlet.com/10318206/apush-ch-30-flash-cards/ (Related) Espionage and Sedition Acts two laws, enacted in 1917 and 1918, that imposed harsh penalties on anyone interfering with or speaking against U.S. participation in WWI https://quizlet.com/10318206/apush-ch-30-flash-cards/ espionage act of 1917 United States federal law passed shortly after entering World War I, on June 15, 1917, which made it a crime for a person to convey information with intent to interfere with the operation or success of the armed forces of the United States or to promote the success of its enemies. The legislation was passed at the urging of President Woodrow Wilson, who feared any widespread dissent in time of war, thinking that it constituted a real threat to an American victory. https://quizlet.com/62077217/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-30-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Espionage Act (1918) Federal law passed shortly after entrance into WWI, made it a crime for a person to mail or print information that inspired dissent against the American war effort or promoted its enemies. https://quizlet.com/62077217/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-30-vocab-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Espionage Act (1917) Provided for the imprisonment of up to 20 years for persons who either tried to incite rebellion in the armed forces or obstruct the operations of the draft. https://quizlet.com/62077217/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-30-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Espionage Act (1917) Law which punished people for aiding the enemy or refusing military duty during World War 1 https://quizlet.com/62077217/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-30-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Espionage Act (1917) Law which punished people for aiding the enemy or refusing military duty during World War 1 https://quizlet.com/62077217/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-30-vocab-flash-cards/ SCHENCK V. UNITED STATES (1918) Schenck was the General Secretary of Philadelphia's Socialist Party. When men were getting drafted, he went out and hand out flyers convincing men that the draft is like "involuntary servitude" by the THIRTEENTH AMENDMENT (outlawed slavery). Also, the war was motivated by the capitalists. He urged "Do not submit to intimidation" and advised the men to petition for repeal the Conscription Act. Schenck was charged for violating the ESPIONAGE ACT by attempting to cause insubordination in the military and the obstruct recruitment. Schenck argue that Act's Section 3 caused "CHILLING EFFECT" (be too cautious). https://quizlet.com/5747860/apush-final-3-flash-cards/ (Related) Schenck v. United States Justice Holmes' claim that Congress could restrict speech if the words "are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create and clear and present danger" when Schenck was convicted for mailing pamphlets urging potential army inductees to resist conscription. https://quizlet.com/5747860/apush-final-3-flash-cards/ (Related) Schenck v. United States Supreme court decides that any actions taken that present a "clear and present danger" to the public or government isn't allowed, this can limit free speech. https://quizlet.com/5747860/apush-final-3-flash-cards/ Selective Service Act This 1917 law provided for the registration of all American men between the ages of 21 and 30 for a military draft. By the end of WWI, 24.2 million had registered; 2.8 million had been inducted into the army. Age limit was later changed to 18 to 45. https://quizlet.com/28103080/apush-chapter-23-flash-cards/ (Related) Selective Service Act Authorized President Woodrow Wilson to raise an infantry force from the general population of no more than four divisions, and it created the Selective Service System. https://quizlet.com/28103080/apush-chapter-23-flash-cards/ (Related) Selective Service Act Empowered the administration to draft men over the age of 18 regardless of wealth, ethnic background, or social standing. By the end of the war, local Selective Sevice boards had registered nearly 24 million men and drafted 3 million of them (another 2 million volunteered for service). https://quizlet.com/28103080/apush-chapter-23-flash-cards/ (Related) Selective Service Act (1917) try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) This Act required all men between 21-30 years to register for the military. Each received a number, and draftees were chosen like a lottery. In contrast to the Union's civil war conscription, there was no way for men to "opt out" of this draft. https://quizlet.com/28103080/apush-chapter-23-flash-cards/ "Great Migration" During WWI, southern Blacks began to move north, where there were more jobs and less racism. The increased number of Blacks led to a White backlash and conditions like Southern racism. https://quizlet.com/2003365/apush-1607-1763-flash-cards/ (Related) The Great Migration The migration of thousands of African-Americans from the South to the North. African Americans were looking to escape the problems of racism in the South and felt they could seek out better jobs and an overall better life in the North. https://quizlet.com/2003365/apush-1607-1763-flash-cards/ (Related) The Great Migration The movement of African Americans from the South to the industrial centers of the Northeast and the Midwest. Causes for migration included decreasing cotton prices, the lack of immigrant workers in the North, increased manufacturing as a result of the war, and the strengthening of the KKK. Migration led to higher wages, more educational opportunities, and better standards of life for some blacks. https://quizlet.com/2003365/apush-1607-1763-flash-cards/ (Related) Great Migration movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920 https://quizlet.com/2003365/apush-1607-1763-flash-cards/ Treaty of Versailles Every nation that had fought on the Allied side in the war was represented; 1) Germany was disarmed and stripped of its colonies in Asia and Africa. it was also forced to admit guilt for the war, accept French occupation of the Rhineland for 15 years, and pay a huge sum of money in reparations to GB and France 2) Territories once controlled by Germany, AustriaHungary, and Russia were taken by the Allies, independence was granted to Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Finland, and Poland, and the new nations of Czechoslavakia and Yugoslavia were established. 3) Signers of the treaty would join an international peacekeeping organization, the League of Nations. This league called on each member nation to stand ready to protect the independence and territorial integrity of other nations. https://quizlet.com/62077217/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-30-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Treaty of Versailles was created to solve problems made by World War I. Germany was forced to accept the treaty. It was composed of only four of the original points made by President Woodrow Wilson. The treaty punished Germany and did nothing to stop the threat of future wars. It maintained the pre-war power structure. https://quizlet.com/62077217/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-30-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Treaty of Versailles This treaty was created to solve problems made by World War I. Germany was forced to accept the treaty. It was composed of only four of the original points made by President Woodrow Wilson. The treaty punished Germany and did nothing to stop the threat of future wars. It maintained the pre-war power structure. https://quizlet.com/62077217/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-30-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Treaty of Versailles (1919) try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) Treaty that ended World War I; it was much harder on Germany than Wilson wanted but not as punitive as France and England desired. It was harsh enough, however, to set stage for Hitler's rise of power in Germany in 1930s. https://quizlet.com/62077217/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-30-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Impact of the treaty of Versailles Created by the leaders victorious allies Nations: France, Britain, US, and signed by Germany to help stop WWI. The treaty 1)stripped Germany of all Army, Navy, Airforce. 2) Germany had to repair war damages(33 billion) 3) Germany had to acknowledge guilt for causing WWI 4) Germany could not manufacture any weapons. https://quizlet.com/62077217/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-30-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Treaty of Versailles (1919) Treaty that ended World War I; it was much harder on Germany than Wilson wanted but not as punitive as France and England desired. It was harsh enough, however, to set stage for Hitler's rise of power in Germany in 1930s. https://quizlet.com/62077217/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-30-vocab-flash-cards/ League of Nations In 1919, after the war, Wilson proposed it in the 14th point of his peace plan. He envisioned it as an Assembly with seats for all nations and a special council for the great powers. The US voted not to join the League because in doing so, it would have taken away our self-determination, and Congress could not decide whether to go to war or not. https://quizlet.com/5350618/apush-chapter-36-key-terms-and-people-flash-cards/ (Related) League of Nations pt 14, International organization founded in 1919 to promote world peace and cooperation but greatly weakened by the refusal of the United States to join. It proved ineffectual in stopping aggression by Italy, Japan, and Germany in the 1930s. Wilson's proposed international body that constituted the key provision of the Versailles Treaty https://quizlet.com/5350618/apush-chapter-36-key-terms-and-people-flash-cards/ (Related) League of Nations (1919) After the war, Wilson proposed the League in the 14th point of his peace plan. He envisioned it as an Assembly with seats for all nations and a special council for the great powers. The US voted not to join the League because in doing so, it would have taken away our self-determination, and Congress could not decide whether to go to war or not. https://quizlet.com/5350618/apush-chapter-36-key-terms-and-people-flash-cards/ (Related) League of Nations The precursor to the United Nations, this was a proposed union of the world powers after World War I; the brainchild of Wilson, who fought tooth-and-nail for its passage. https://quizlet.com/5350618/apush-chapter-36-key-terms-and-people-flash-cards/ Election of 1920 Warren G. Harding (R) vs James Cox (D) 2) issues were WW I; the post-war economy and the League of Nations 3) Harding preached "Normalcy" https://quizlet.com/65650436/apush-the-roaring-20s-flash-cards/ (Related) Election of 1920 Election between Republican Warren Harding, Democrat James M. Cox and Socialist Eugene V. Debs; Harding won with his "return to normalcy" campaign https://quizlet.com/65650436/apush-the-roaring-20s-flash-cards/ Election of 1920 try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) Warren G. Harding (R) vs James Cox (D) 2) issues were WW I; the post-war economy and the League of Nations 3) Harding preached "Normalcy" https://quizlet.com/65650436/apush-the-roaring-20s-flash-cards/ (Related) Election of 1920 Election between Republican Warren Harding, Democrat James M. Cox and Socialist Eugene V. Debs; Harding won with his "return to normalcy" campaign https://quizlet.com/65650436/apush-the-roaring-20s-flash-cards/ red scare erupted in the early 1920's. The American public was scared that communism would come into the US. Left-winged supporters were suspected. This fear of communism helped businessman who used it to stop labor strikes. https://quizlet.com/5175906/apush-identifications-flash-cards/ (Related) Red Scare Shortly after the end of World War I and the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, the Red Scare took hold in the United States. A nationwide fear of communists, socialists, anarchists, and other dissidents suddenly grabbed the American psyche in 1919 following a series of anarchist bombings. The nation was gripped in fear. Innocent people were jailed for expressing their views, civil liberties were ignored, and many Americans feared that a Bolshevik-style revolution was at hand. Then, in the early 1920s, the fear seemed to dissipate just as quickly as it had begun, and the Red Scare was over. https://quizlet.com/5175906/apush-identifications-flash-cards/ (Related) Red scare Most instense outbreak of national alarm, began in 1919. Success of communists in Russia, American radicals embracing communism followed by a series of mail bombings frightened Americans. Did not last long as some Americans came to their senses. https://quizlet.com/5175906/apush-identifications-flash-cards/ (Related) Red Scare a period of general fear of communists, A. Mitchell Palmer convicted many during red scare, general chaos and fear of Russians https://quizlet.com/5175906/apush-identifications-flash-cards/ (Related) (First) Red Scare -> Palmer Raids Part of the Red Scare, these were measures to hunt out political radicals and immigrants who were potential threats to American security; led to the arrest of nearly 5,500 people and the deportation of nearly 400. https://quizlet.com/5175906/apush-identifications-flash-cards/ (Related) (Second) Red Scare - McCarthyism Belief that New Deal policies were communistic; Truman's Federal Employee Loyalty Program fueled hysteria & intolerance towards communist sympathizers https://quizlet.com/5175906/apush-identifications-flash-cards/ Sacco and Vanzetti Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were convicted of murdering a Massachusetts paymaster and his guard; they were Italians, atheists, anarchists, draft dodgers and the courts may have been prejudiced against them https://quizlet.com/39106281/apush-chapter-20-flash-cards/ (Related) Sacco and Vanzetti try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) were two italian born american laborers and anarchists who were tired convicted and executed via electrocution on Aug 3 1927 in Ma for the 1920 armed robbery. it is believed they had nothing to do with the crime https://quizlet.com/39106281/apush-chapter-20-flash-cards/ (Related) 1151. Sacco and Vanzetti case Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were Italian immigrants charged with murdering a guard and robbing a shoe factory in Braintree, Mass. The trial lasted from 1920-1927. Convicted on circumstantial evidence, many believed they had been framed for the crime because of their anarchist and pro-union activities. https://quizlet.com/39106281/apush-chapter-20-flash-cards/ Emergency Quota Act of 1921 newcomers from Europe were restricted at any year to a quota, which was set at 3% of the people of their nationality who lived in the U.S. in 1910. https://quizlet.com/10476289/apush-chapter-23-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Emergency Quota Act of 1921 Act restricting newcomers from Europe in any given year to 3% of their nationality who had been living in the United States in 1910 https://quizlet.com/10476289/apush-chapter-23-terms-flash-cards/ Immigration Act of 1924 immigration of Europeans changed from 3 percent to 2 percent and the yer changed from 1910 to 1890, which was favorable to northern Europeans than to southern and eastern; absolutely against Japanese https://quizlet.com/1998231/apush-ch-31-and-32-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Immigration Act of 1924 Cut quotas for foreigners from 3% to 2%. Varying countries were only allowed to send a certain number of its citizens to America each year https://quizlet.com/1998231/apush-ch-31-and-32-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Immigration Act of 1924/Johnson-Reed Act Also known as the Johnson-Reed Act. Federal law limiting the number of immigrants that could be admitted from any country to 2% of the amount of people from that country who were already living in the U.S. as of the census of 1890. https://quizlet.com/1998231/apush-ch-31-and-32-vocab-flash-cards/ Charles Lindbergh shocking the nation, and this event led Congress to the so-called Lindbergh Law, which allowed the death penalty to certain cases of interstate abduction. https://quizlet.com/4333443/apush-ch-31-flash-cards/ (Related) Charles Lindbergh became the first person to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean when he did it in his Spirit of St. Louis, going from New York to Paris. https://quizlet.com/4333443/apush-ch-31-flash-cards/ (Related) Charles Lindbergh United States aviator who in 1927 made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean (1902-1974); isolationist orator after murder of his infant son https://quizlet.com/4333443/apush-ch-31-flash-cards/ (Related) Charles Lindbergh try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) an American aviator, engineer , and Pulitzer Prize winner. He was famous for flying solo across the Atlantic, paving the way for future aviational development. https://quizlet.com/4333443/apush-ch-31-flash-cards/ (Related) Charles Lindbergh the first person to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean in the Spirit of St. Louis, from NY to Paris https://quizlet.com/4333443/apush-ch-31-flash-cards/ (Related) Charles Lindbergh United States aviator who in 1927 made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean (1902-1974). https://quizlet.com/4333443/apush-ch-31-flash-cards/ Ku Klux Klan - (Cultural) The KKK was a group of mostly Southerners who were extremely racist against African Americans, and disliked all other cultures and races. They originated in Tennessee in 1865. General Forrest was in charge of this group. The members of this group dominated the democratic party. They also released a campaign that terrified the republicans. The Ku Klux Klan went around blackmailing many republican politicians and burned black schools and churches. https://quizlet.com/9824555/ch34-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Ku Klux Klan A secret organization in the southern U.S., active for several years after the Civil War, which aimed to suppress the newly acquired powers of blacks and to oppose carpetbaggers from the North, and which was responsible for many lawless and violent proceedings. https://quizlet.com/9824555/ch34-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Ku Klux Klan devoted to terrorizing and intimidating African Americans and their white Republican allies. Beat and murdered freedpeople and intimidated voters and silenced political activists https://quizlet.com/9824555/ch34-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871 broke down its power temporarily in parts of former confederacy. No serious effort was made to stop the KKK in the black belt https://quizlet.com/9824555/ch34-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871 made violent infringement of civil and political rights a federal crime punishable by the national govn't https://quizlet.com/9824555/ch34-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) ku klux klan major rebirth of the kkk in 1920s. (mainly b/c they were unhappy w/ the changing of American culture.) the "new" klan was anti-.. foreign, catholic, black, jewish, pacifist, cotlegger, gambling, communist, adultry, birth control, internationalist, and evolutionist.in 1920s membership far surpessed that of the mid 1850s https://quizlet.com/9824555/ch34-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Ku Klux Klan secret domestic militant organizations in the United States, originating in the southern states and eventually having national scope, that are best known for advocating white supremacy and acting as terrorists while hidden behind conical hats, masks and white robes. try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) The KKK has a record of terrorism,[2] violence, and lynching to intimidate, murder, and oppress African Americans, Jews and other minorities and to intimidate and oppose Roman Catholics and labor unions. https://quizlet.com/9824555/ch34-apush-flash-cards/ Equal Rights Amendment Supported by the National Organization for Women, this amendment would prevent all genderbased discrimination practices. However, it never passed the ratification process. https://quizlet.com/75242924/chapter-39-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Equal Rights Amendment constitutional amendment passed by Congress but never ratified that would have banned discrimination on the basis of gender https://quizlet.com/75242924/chapter-39-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Equal Rights Amendment Supported by the National Organization for Women, the Equal Rights Amendment, first proposed in 1923, would prevent all gender-based discrimination practices. In the 1970s, the House and Senate passed the amendment and sent it to the states for ratification. The amendment failed to be approved by three-fourths of the states and so was never added https://quizlet.com/75242924/chapter-39-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) declared full constitutional equality for women. Although it passed both houses of Congress in 1972, a concerted grassroots campaign by anti-feminists led by Phyllis Schlafly persuaded enough state legislatures to vote against ratification. The amendment failed to become part of the Constitution. https://quizlet.com/75242924/chapter-39-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) proposed amendment to the U.S. constitution passed by Congress and submitted to the states for ratification in 1971; outlawing discrimination based on gender, it was at first seen as a great victory by women's-rights groups. The amendment fell 3 states short of the 38 required for ratification. However, many states have adopted similar amendments to their state constitutions https://quizlet.com/75242924/chapter-39-apush-flash-cards/ Flappers carefree young women with short, "bobbed" hair, heavy makeup, and short skirts. The flapper symbolized the new "liberated" woman of the 1920s. Many people saw the bold, boyish look and shocking behavior of flappers as a sign of changing morals. Though hardly typical of American women, the flapper image reinforced the idea that women now had more freedom. https://quizlet.com/19139225/apush-chapter-31-flash-cards/ (Related) vamps/flappers The dynamic 1920's revealed women notorious for their risky attire and dance styles. Referred to as "wild abandons," these girls exemplified the new sexually frank generation (flapper). https://quizlet.com/19139225/apush-chapter-31-flash-cards/ (Related) flappers Carefree young women of the 1920s that behaved and dressed in a radical fashion https://quizlet.com/19139225/apush-chapter-31-flash-cards/ (Related) flappers try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) carefree young women with short, "bobbed" hair, heavy makeup, and short skirts. The flapper symbolized the new "liberated" woman of the 1920s. Many people saw the bold, boyish look and shocking behavior of flappers as a sign of changing morals. Though hardly typical of American women, the flapper image reinforced the idea that women now had more freedom. https://quizlet.com/19139225/apush-chapter-31-flash-cards/ Harlem Renaissance a flowering of African American culture in the 1920s when New York City's Harlem became an intellectual and cultural capital for African Americans; instilled interest in African American culture and pride in being an African American. https://quizlet.com/19139225/apush-chapter-31-flash-cards/ (Related) Harlem Renaissance the flourishing of African-American literature and art in the 1920's centered in Harlem neighborhood of NYC; Prominent figures: Langston Hughes, Claude McKay, W.E.B. DuBois, Bessy Smith https://quizlet.com/19139225/apush-chapter-31-flash-cards/ (Related) Harlem Renaissance A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished https://quizlet.com/19139225/apush-chapter-31-flash-cards/ (Related) Harlem Renaissance black artistic movement in New York City in the 1920s, when writers, poets, painters, and musicians came together to express feelings and experiences, especially about the injustices of Jim Crow; leading figures of the movement included Countee Cullen, Claude McKay, Duke Ellington, Zora Neale Hurston, and Langston Hughes. https://quizlet.com/19139225/apush-chapter-31-flash-cards/ Marcus Garvey a "new negro" who created the Universal Negro Improvement Association (which attracted thousands of members), promoted the "Back to Africa" movement, organized black businesses and established a corps of Black Cross nurses https://quizlet.com/980708/apush-chapter-23-vocabulary-flash-cards/ (Related) Marcus Garvey leader of the UNIA, urged blacks to return to Africa because, he reasoned, blacks would never be treated justly in countries ruled by whites https://quizlet.com/980708/apush-chapter-23-vocabulary-flash-cards/ (Related) Marcus Garvey Harlem political leader,many poor urban African Americans turned to this powerful leader in the 1920s. He urged black economic cooperation and helped African Americans start businesses. He founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated mass migration of African Americans back to Africa. his Universal Negro Improvement Association ran into financial trouble, however. He was eventually arrested for mail fraud and deported to his native Jamaica in 1927. https://quizlet.com/980708/apush-chapter-23-vocabulary-flash-cards/ (Related) Marcus Garvey head of the Universal Negro Improvement Association; urged black economic cooperation and founded a chain of UNIA grocery stores and other business https://quizlet.com/980708/apush-chapter-23-vocabulary-flash-cards/ (Related) Marcus Garvey try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) A publisher, journalist, entrepreneur, Black Nationalist, Pan-Africanist, and orator. Marcus Garvey was founder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL). https://quizlet.com/980708/apush-chapter-23-vocabulary-flash-cards/ Scopes Trial 1925- a highly publicized trial where John Thomas Scopes violated a Tennessee state law by teaching evolution in high school. Scopes was prosecuted by William Jennings Bryan and defended by Clarence Darrow; Scopes was convicted but the verdict was later. Displayed the fundamentalism prevalent in rural areas at the time https://quizlet.com/20400718/apush-1920-1929-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Scopes Trial A 24 year old Biology teacher in Dayton, Tennessee agreed to teach evolution with the protection of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) which was illegal in 1925 in Tennessee. ACLU sent Clarence Darrow to defend the teacher against William Jennings Bryan as the prosecutor. Forbidden to use scientific facts during this trial, Darrow made Bryan's defenses of biblical truths during cross-examination foolish and slyly made Bryan admit the possibility that not all religious dogma was subject to one strict interpretation. https://quizlet.com/20400718/apush-1920-1929-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Scopes Trial A highly publicized trial in 1925 in which a teacher violated a Tennessee state law by teaching evolution in high school. In the trial, William Jennings Bryan argued on the side of fundamentalism, while Clarence Darrow argued for evolution. https://quizlet.com/20400718/apush-1920-1929-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Scopes Trial 1925. john scopes was a high school biology teacher in dayton, Tennessee, he was occused of violating tennessee law by teaching the theory of evolution to his students. some religious leaders rejected evolution, saying it denied the word of the Bible. a number of states, including tennessee, passed laws that banned the teaching of Darwin's theory. scopes wanted to challenge the law, so he announced that he taught evolution. the trial became a national sensation. the prosecutor was william jennings bryan, who had run for president 3 times. the defense attorney was clarence darrow, a famous chicago criminal defense lawyer. the trial seemed to pit modern, urban americans against traditional, rural americans. in the end, scopes was conviced and lost his job. laws against teaching evolution remained but were rarely enforced. https://quizlet.com/20400718/apush-1920-1929-vocab-flash-cards/ Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928 representatives of 62 nations signed a pact in 1928 (aka Pact of Paris) to outlaw war. It was initiated by the French foreign minister Aristides Briand . Briand wanted an agreement whereby 2 countries would never go to war against each other as a ploy to draw the US into a French security system. It would mean that if France ever violated the US's neutral shipping rights, the US would not be able to declare war. Kellogg (the US representative) turned the tables by having 62 nations sign the pact. They reserved "self defense" as an escape hatch https://quizlet.com/1998097/chapter-29-flash-cards/ (Related) Kellogg-Briand Pact the 1928 treaty which outlawed war as an instrument of national policy https://quizlet.com/1998097/chapter-29-flash-cards/ (Related) Kellogg-Briand Pact "Toothless international agreement of 1928 that pledged nations to outlaw war." Agreement also known as the Pact of Paris; Coolidge's Secretary of state and the French foreign try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) minister signed it in 1928. It was a pledge to forswear war as an instrument of national policy. It was ultimately ratified by sixty-two nations. https://quizlet.com/1998097/chapter-29-flash-cards/ (Related) Kellogg-Briand Pact 1928 Pact of Paris signed with the French Ministry and it ratified by 62 nations. -- made war illegal as a tool of national policy, allowing only defensive war. The Treaty was generally believed to be useless.Defensive wars were still permitted; causing one to wonder what scheming aggressor could not make an excuse of self-defense. https://quizlet.com/1998097/chapter-29-flash-cards/ (Related) Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928) Pact of Paris signed by 62 nations agreeing to use war only for defense. BAD: gave the world a false sense of security; virtually useless b/c anyone could come up with a reason for self-defense https://quizlet.com/1998097/chapter-29-flash-cards/ Teapot Dome Scandal a bribery incident which took place in the United States in 1922-1923, during the administration of President Warren G. Harding. Secretary of the Interior Albert B. Fall leased Navy petroleum reserves at Teapot Dome to private oil companies, without competitive bidding, at low rates. In 1922 and 1923, the leases became the subject of a sensational investigation. Fall was later convicted of accepting bribes from the oil companies https://quizlet.com/4392826/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-32-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Teapot Dome Scandal 1921, Scandal during the Harding administration involving the granting of oil-drilling rights on government land in return for money. Became a symbol of the scandals that occured when Harding was president. https://quizlet.com/4392826/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-32-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Teapot Dome Scandal symbol of government corruption; government oil reserves were secretly leased to oil companies in exchange for financial compensation https://quizlet.com/4392826/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-32-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Teapot Dome Scandal (1923) A horrible political scandal involving the private bribery of Secretary of the Interior Albert B. Fall in exchange for government oileries. Up to that point, it was considered the worst political scandal in American History. https://quizlet.com/4392826/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-32-vocab-flash-cards/ Dawes Plan A plan to revive the German economy, the United States loans Germany money which then can pay reparations to England and France, who can then pay back their loans from the U.S. https://quizlet.com/22152411/apush-ch-25-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Dawes Plan Charles Dawes- rescheduled German reparation payments & opened the way for further American private loans to Germany https://quizlet.com/22152411/apush-ch-25-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) The Dawes Established a cycle US banks would lend and France. Britain Plan of payments flowing from the US to Germany and from Germany to Allies. Germany huge sums to rebuild its economy and pay reparations to Britain and France would use the reparation money to pay their war debts to US, try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) https://quizlet.com/22152411/apush-ch-25-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Dawes Plan (1924) Negotiated by Charles Dawes, it rescheduled German reparations payments and opened the way for further American private loans to Germay. United States bankers loaned money to Germany, Germany paid reparations to France and Britain, and the Allies paid war debts to the United States. https://quizlet.com/22152411/apush-ch-25-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Dawes Plan of 1924 American-sponsored arrangement for rescheduling German reparations payments that only temporarily eased the international debt tangle of the 1920s https://quizlet.com/22152411/apush-ch-25-vocab-flash-cards/ Black Tuesday October 29, 1929, It was the day that the New York Stock Exchange crashed. This was a result because of inflated stock prices, they were too costly and much higher than thier worth. Therefure their worth plummeted, resulting in people loosing their money. However, many people had borrowed money to hold a high-priced stock, so they ended up bankrupt. The whole purchusing items on credit was a serious culprit in causing the crash. Black Tuesday marked the beginning of the Great Depression, a period of economic hardship in the United States lasting from 1929 to 1939. https://quizlet.com/20932574/chapter-31-and-chapter-32-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) "Black Tuesday" October 29, 1929; date of the worst stock-market crash in American history and beginning of the Great Depression. https://quizlet.com/20932574/chapter-31-and-chapter-32-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Black Tuesday This is the name given to October 29, 1929. This date signaled a selling frenzy on Wall Street--days before stock prices had plunged to desperate levels. Investors were willing to sell their shares for pennies on the dollar or were simply holding on to the worthless certificates. https://quizlet.com/20932574/chapter-31-and-chapter-32-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Oct. 29, 1929 ("Black Tuesday") bottom fell out of the stock market. people panicked and tried to sell stocks which made prices fall even lower. 16.4 million shares were dumped and 1 million shares couldn't find buyers. People who used credit were stuck. Many lost life savings. https://quizlet.com/20932574/chapter-31-and-chapter-32-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) "Black Tuesday" October 29, 1929: the day the stock market failed, causing the market to remain depressed for over four years. In a way the beginning of the Great Depression. https://quizlet.com/20932574/chapter-31-and-chapter-32-apush-flash-cards/ Hoovervilles many families lost their homes because they could not pay their mortgages. These people had no choice but to seek alternative forms of shelter. Hoovervilles, named after President Hoover, who was blamed for the problems that led to the depression, sprung up throughout the United States. https://quizlet.com/21209692/apush-ch23-flash-cards/ (Related) Hoovervilles Term for shantytowns constructed of scavenged materials by those left desperate and homeless by the Great Depression. try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) https://quizlet.com/21209692/apush-ch23-flash-cards/ (Related) Hoovervilles many families lost their homes because they could not pay their mortgages. These people had no choice but to seek alternative forms of shelter. Hoovervilles, named after President Hoover, who was blamed for the problems that led to the depression, sprung up throughout the United States. https://quizlet.com/21209692/apush-ch23-flash-cards/ (Related) Hoovervilles Shanty towns that the unemployed built in the cities during the early years of the Depression; the name given to them shows that thte people blamed Hoover directly for the Depression. https://quizlet.com/21209692/apush-ch23-flash-cards/ (Related) Hoovervilles shanty-towns that housed many who had lost everything. Shelters were built of old boxes and other discards. https://quizlet.com/21209692/apush-ch23-flash-cards/ Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) "Hoover-sponsored federal agency that provided loans to hard-pressed banks and businesses after 1932." https://quizlet.com/19778619/apush-ch-32-flash-cards/ (Related) Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) (1932) A government lending agency established under the Hoover administration in order to assist insurance companies, banks, agricultural organizations, railroads, and local governments. It was a precursor to later agencies that grew out of the New Deal and symbolized a recognition by the Republicans that some federal action was required to address the Great Depression. https://quizlet.com/19778619/apush-ch-32-flash-cards/ bonus army A group of almost 20,000 World War I veterans who were hard-hit victims of the depression, who wanted what the government owed them for their services and "saving" democracy. They marched to Washington and set up public camps and erected shacks on vacant lots. They tried to intimidate Congress into paying them, but Hoover had them removed by the army, which shed a negative light on Hoover. https://quizlet.com/2158731/ap-us-history-ch-36-flash-cards/ (Related) Bonus Army Group of WWI vets. that marched to D.C. in 1932 to demand the immediate payment of their goverment war bonuses in cash https://quizlet.com/2158731/ap-us-history-ch-36-flash-cards/ (Related) Bonus Army A group of WWI veterans who were supposed to be given a "bonus" from the government for their services. In 1932 the deadline for the veterans was pushed back by the government thus causing the group to march onto Washington to demand their money. Excessive force was used to disband these protesters, and because they were veterans and heroes of this country, Hoover's popularity plummeted because of it. https://quizlet.com/2158731/ap-us-history-ch-36-flash-cards/ (Related) Bonus Army try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) "Encampment of unemployed veterans who were driven out of Washington by General Douglas MacArthur's forces in 1932." https://quizlet.com/2158731/ap-us-history-ch-36-flash-cards/ (Related) Bonus Army This group of World War I veterans marched on Washington in 1932 to demand early release of bonuses promised by Congress. They set up a makeshift encampment around the Capitol. Eventually the group was joined by thousands more veterans and their families. Demands were not met, and a clash ensued with police that resulted in the deaths of two marchers. President Hoover called in the US Army to quash the riot, which used tear gas and tanks on the unarmed protesters. The Army burned the encampment, driving the veterans from Washington, D.C. https://quizlet.com/2158731/ap-us-history-ch-36-flash-cards/ Civilian conservation Corps (CCC) 1933 employed about 3 million men (between 18-25) to work on projects that benefited the public, planting trees to reforest areas, building levees for flood control, and improving national parks, etc. Most pop form of legislation. Men only keep 20-25% of $, rest sent back to family. https://quizlet.com/20633236/apush-new-deal-acts-flash-cards/ (Related) Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) New Deal Program set up to help put the unemployed back to work and to help the environment - built bridges, planted trees, etc. Helped about 3 million people (1939) https://quizlet.com/20633236/apush-new-deal-acts-flash-cards/ (Related) Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) public work relief program for unemployed, unmarried men from relief families, ages 18-25. Black segregation existed, but black people were still allowed to join. https://quizlet.com/20633236/apush-new-deal-acts-flash-cards/ Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) Eventually replaced by the WPA, this was to provide work relief programs. Creates the CCC, CWA, FSA. https://quizlet.com/5161243/apush-ch37-fdrs-new-deal-legislation-flash-cards/ (Related) Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) New Deal Program similar to unemployment-relief efforts of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) set up by Herbert Hoover and the U.S. Congress in 1932. It was established as a result of the Federal Emergency Relief Act of 1933. Was the first directrelief operation under the New Deal, and was headed by Harry L. Hopkins, https://quizlet.com/5161243/apush-ch37-fdrs-new-deal-legislation-flash-cards/ (Related) Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) led by Harry L. Hopkins; granted about $3 billion to the states for direct dole payments or preferably for wages on work projects https://quizlet.com/5161243/apush-ch37-fdrs-new-deal-legislation-flash-cards/ Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) New Deal farm agency that attempted to raise prices by paying farmers to reduce their production of crops and animals https://quizlet.com/19743618/apush-chapter-24-key-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) Created in 1933 as part of FDR's New Deal. The AAA controlled the production and prices of crops by offering subsidies to farmers who stayed under set quotas. The Supreme Court declared the AAA unconstitutional in 1936. ("Artificial Scarcity") https://quizlet.com/19743618/apush-chapter-24-key-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) established as a new approach to farm recovery; established "parity prices" for basic commodities; eliminated price-depressing surpluses by paying growers to reduce their crop acreage; the millions of dollars needed for these payments were to be raised by taxing processors of farm products, such as flour millers, who in turn would shift the burden to consumers; criticized for the "sinful" destruction of food and the premature harvesting of cotton crops https://quizlet.com/19743618/apush-chapter-24-key-terms-flash-cards/ Civil Works Administration (CWA) rapidly create manual labor jobs for millions of unemployed workers; was a project created under FERA. Eventually changed to WPA, as there was criticism concerning no "permanent effect" of the jobs created. https://quizlet.com/4435570/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-33-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Civil Works Administration (CWA) 1st New Deal agency created by FDR to reduce unemployment during the cold winter months of 1933; it spent $1 billion on short-term projects for unemployed manual laborers but was abolished in the spring of '34 https://quizlet.com/4435570/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-33-vocab-flash-cards/ Father Charles Coughlin a critic of the New Deal; created the National Union for Social Justice; wanted a monetary inflation and the nationalization of the banking system https://quizlet.com/20256168/apush-ch-33-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Father Charles Coughlin the Catholic priest from Michigan Whose anti-New Deal harangues in the 1930's became so anti- Sematic, fascist, and demagogic that he was silenced by his superiors https://quizlet.com/20256168/apush-ch-33-vocab-flash-cards/ "Dust Bowl" This is the term given to the Great Plain where a severe drough hit, killing all of the crops of the region. The topsoil turned to a fine powdery dust that blew away with the severe, hot winds that wreaked havoc on the farmers who remained. The area earned this name because Plains farmers saw their land literally blow away. https://quizlet.com/19793877/hancock-apush-chapter-33-flash-cards/ (Related) Dust Bowl Region of the Great Plains that experienced a drought in 1930 lasting for a decade, leaving many farmers without work or substantial wages. https://quizlet.com/19793877/hancock-apush-chapter-33-flash-cards/ (Related) Dust Bowl Parts of Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas that were hit hard by dry topsoil and high winds that created blinding dust storms; this area of the Great Plains became called that because winds blew away crops and farms, and blew dust from Oklahoma to Albany, New York. Ruined farms and left many farmers with out crops and money. https://quizlet.com/19793877/hancock-apush-chapter-33-flash-cards/ (Related) Dust Bowl try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) A horrible natural disaster in which Midwestern dust from millions of acres of dry, arid land (which in-part got that way from the tilling of the area) was blown up into the air and carried as far as Boston. Caused much suffering. https://quizlet.com/19793877/hancock-apush-chapter-33-flash-cards/ (Related) Dust Bowl A series of dust storms in the Central U.S caused by many years of bad farming techniques. It caused many farmers to move west as well as remove the top soil. https://quizlet.com/19793877/hancock-apush-chapter-33-flash-cards/ Frances Perkins U.S. Secretary of Labor from 1933 to 1945, and the first woman ever appointed to the cabinet. She took much flak from her contemporaries. https://quizlet.com/995074/apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Frances Perkins Roosevel's secretaryt of labor; the first woman to serve as a federal Cabinet officer, she had a great influence on many New Deal programs, most significantly the Social Security Act. https://quizlet.com/995074/apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Frances Perkins FDR's secretary of labor was this first women cabinet member https://quizlet.com/995074/apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Frances Perkins The U.S. Secretary of Labor from 1933 to 1945 and the first woman ever appointed to the cabinet. As a loyal supporter of her friend Franklin D. Roosevelt, she helped pull the labor movement into the New Deal coalition. https://quizlet.com/995074/apush-flash-cards/ 53. The Works Progress Administration (WPA) aimed to do all of the following excepta. provide loans and jobs for college students.b. quiet the groundswell of protest produced by Huey Long and Dr. Francis Townsend.c. provide employment on useful projects.d. produce works of art.e. provide handouts to the unemployed. e https://quizlet.com/40260535/apush-chapter-33-flash-cards/ Public Works Administration (PWA) intended both for industrial recovery and for unemployment relief; long-range recovery was the primary purpose, and in time over $4 billion was spent on some 34,00 projects, including public buildings, highways, and parkways https://quizlet.com/5161243/apush-ch37-fdrs-new-deal-legislation-flash-cards/ (Related) Public Works Administration (PWA) Headed by Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes, it aimed at long-range recovery by spending over $4 billion on some 34,000 projects that included public buildings, highways, and parkways (i.e. the Grand Coulee Dam of the Columbia River). https://quizlet.com/5161243/apush-ch37-fdrs-new-deal-legislation-flash-cards/ National Recovery Administration (NRA) 1933 encouraged businesses to set minimum wage & abolish child labor. Tried to set up codes governing pricing and other practices for every industry. Helped people stay in work and for the employers to get the same amount of wages. Workers don't work more than 40 hrs/wk, better working conditions. Prices of these products are higher b/c helps fund gov & economy. Tried to do all: relief, recovery, and reform. Ruled unconstitutional in 1935. try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) https://quizlet.com/206206/apush-unit-13-flash-cards/ (Related) National Recovery Administration (NRA) 1933. First attempt to achieve economic advance through planning and cooperation among labor, business and government. Codes and regulations to control production, labor relations, and trade among businesses. Declared unconstitutional in 1935. Recovery and also Reform. https://quizlet.com/206206/apush-unit-13-flash-cards/ Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC); 1934 New Deal program that provided reparations in the stock market, protected people from fraud in investments in stocks. (still around today) https://quizlet.com/830793/apush-voc24-flash-cards/ Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) passed in 1933 determined to discover precisely how much the production and distribution of electricity cost; despite criticism of dishonest bookkeeping, the project brought to the area full employment, cheap electric power, low-cost housing, abundant cheap nitrates, restoration of eroded soil, reforestation, improved navigation, and flood control https://quizlet.com/20808747/apush-chapter-36-flash-cards/ (Related) Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) of 1933 Senator George W. Norris of Nebraska; developed hydroelectric potential of the area; wanted a "yardstick" to test the fairness of the rates charged by private companies; corporations get mad (criticism for being socialistic)brought to area full employment, cheap electricity, low-cost housing, abundant cheap nitrates, restoration of eroded soil, reforestation, improved navigation, and flood control; the area flourishesforeigners impressed and New Dealers wanted parallels in Columbia, Colorado, and Missouri River Valleys --> conservative reactions (thought this was too socialistic) --> TVA's brand of federally guided resource management and comprehensive regional development confined to Tennessee Valley https://quizlet.com/20808747/apush-chapter-36-flash-cards/ Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 encouraged tribes to establish local self-government and to preserve their native crafts and traditions; also helped to stop the loss of Indian lands and revived tribes' interest in their identity and culture https://quizlet.com/9651490/apush-chapter-28-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Indian Reorganization Act "Indian New Deal" 1934 partially reserved the individualistic approach and belatedly tried to restore the tribal basis of indian life, Government legislation that allowed the Indians a form of self-government and thus willingly shrank the authority of the U.S. government. It provided the Indians direct ownership of their land, credit, a constitution, and a charter in which Indians could manage their own affairs. https://quizlet.com/9651490/apush-chapter-28-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Indian Reorganization Act Act which would replace the General Allotment or Dawes Act, which had broken up tribal lands in n attempt to assimilate Indians. Instead, the Indian Reorganization Act would reinvigorate Indian cultural traditions by restoring land to tribes, granting the right to charter businesses, establish self-governing constitutions, and provide federal funding for vocational training and economic development. Ultimately, however, the "Indian New Deal" that was passed was significantly diluted and brought only partial change. https://quizlet.com/9651490/apush-chapter-28-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Indian Reorganization Act try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) Government legislation that allowed the Indians a form of self-government and thus willingly shrank the authority of the U.S. government. It provided the Indians direct ownership of their land, credit, a constitution, and a charter in which Indians could manage their own affairs. https://quizlet.com/9651490/apush-chapter-28-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Indian Reorganization Act 1934, also known as the Wheeler-Howard Act or informally, the Indian New Deal, was a U.S. federal legislation which secured certain rights to Native Americans, including Natives. These include a reversal of the Dawes Act's privatization of common holdings of American Indians and a return to local self-government on a tribal basis. The Act also restored to Native Americans the management of their assets (being mainly land) and included provisions intended to create a sound economic foundation for the inhabitants of Indian reservations. 7: 1934-1941 https://quizlet.com/9651490/apush-chapter-28-vocab-flash-cards/ Social Security Act 1935; established a system of giving payments to Americans after they reached retirement age; also had provisions for unemployment and disability insurance https://quizlet.com/38192877/apush-chapter-22-flash-cards/ (Related) Social Security Act ..., guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at age 65; set up federal-state system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the handicapped, and public health https://quizlet.com/38192877/apush-chapter-22-flash-cards/ (Related) Social Security Act (1935) A flagship accomplishment of the New Deal, this law provided for unemployment and old-age insurance financed by a payroll tax on employers and employees. It has long remained a pillar of the "New Deal Order". https://quizlet.com/38192877/apush-chapter-22-flash-cards/ (Related) Social Security Act guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at age 65; set up federalstate system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the handicapped, and public health https://quizlet.com/38192877/apush-chapter-22-flash-cards/ (Related) Social Security Act Social Security Act of 1935 created a federal insurance program based on the automatic collection of taxes from employees and employers throughout people's working careers. They would receive this money in a monthly pension when they reached the age of 65. The unemployed, disabled, and mothers with dependent children would also receive this money. https://quizlet.com/38192877/apush-chapter-22-flash-cards/ wagner act 1935; established National Labor Relations Board; protected the rights of most workers in the private sector to organize labor unions, to engage in collective bargaining, and to take part in strikes and other forms of concerted activity in support of their demands. REFORM AND RELIEF https://quizlet.com/830793/apush-voc24-flash-cards/ (Related) Wagner Act guaranteed the right of unions to organize and to collectively bargain with management. https://quizlet.com/830793/apush-voc24-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Wagner Act (1935) Created National Labor Relations board for administrative purposes & reasserted rights to unionize & bargain through reps. https://quizlet.com/830793/apush-voc24-flash-cards/ (Related) Wagner Act A New Deal legislation that was supported by R. F. Wagner. It established defined unjust labor practices, secured workers the right to bargain collectively, and established the National Labor Relations Board. https://quizlet.com/830793/apush-voc24-flash-cards/ (Related) National Labor Relations/Wagner Act (1935) defined unfair labor practices and protected unions against coercive measures such as blacklisting. Set up the National Labor Relations Board and reasserted the right of labor to engage in self-organization and to bargain collectively. https://quizlet.com/830793/apush-voc24-flash-cards/ Fair Labor Standards Act FLSA, passed in 1938; established minimum requirements for employee's hours, wages, premium overtime, and payroll records. https://quizlet.com/38192877/apush-chapter-22-flash-cards/ (Related) Fair Labor Standards Act A government legislation that dealt with wages and child labor. It established a minimum wage and prohibited child labor in harsh and dangerous conditions. https://quizlet.com/38192877/apush-chapter-22-flash-cards/ (Related) Fair Labor Standards Act (1938) Important New Deal labor legislation that regulated minimum wages and maximum hours for workers involved in interstate commerce. The law also outlawed labor by children under sixteen. The exclusion of agricultural, service, and domestic workers meant that many blacks, Mexican Americans, and women who were concentrated in these sectors—did not benefit from the act's protection. https://quizlet.com/38192877/apush-chapter-22-flash-cards/ (Related) Fair Labor Standards Act (1938) FLSA, Federal Law that established certain minimum requirements for employee's hours, wages, premium overtime, and payroll records. https://quizlet.com/38192877/apush-chapter-22-flash-cards/ Congress of Industrial Organizations Union organization of unskilled workers; broke away from the American Federation of Labor in 1935 and rejoined it in 1955. https://quizlet.com/10727751/apush-chapter-23-the-new-deal-flash-cards/ (Related) Congress of Industrial Organizations This organization was led by John L. Lewis of the United Mine Workers. This organization focused on unskilled laborers in America's heavy industrial sector such as steel, automobiles, and mines. https://quizlet.com/10727751/apush-chapter-23-the-new-deal-flash-cards/ (Related) Congress of Industrial Organizations Originally began as a group of unskilled workers who organized themselves into effective unions. As there popularity grew they came known for the revolutionary idea of the "sit down strike", there efforts lead to the passage of the Fair Labor Standard Act and the try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) organization continued to thrive under the New Deal.( page 790-791);, a federation of North American industrial unions that merged with the American Federation of Labor in 1955 https://quizlet.com/10727751/apush-chapter-23-the-new-deal-flash-cards/ (Related) Congress of Industrial Organizations The new union group that organized large numbers of unskilled workers with the help of the Wagner Act and the National Labor Relations Board. https://quizlet.com/10727751/apush-chapter-23-the-new-deal-flash-cards/ (Related) Congress of Industrial Organizations led by John Lewis, orginially began as a group of unskilled workers who organized themselves into effective unions. As there popularity grew they came known for the revolutionary idea of the "sit down strike", there efforts lead to the passage of the Fair Labor Standard Act and the organization continued to thrive under the New Deal.( page 790791) https://quizlet.com/10727751/apush-chapter-23-the-new-deal-flash-cards/ John Maynard Keynes English economist who advocated the use of government monetary and fiscal policy to maintain full employment without inflation (1883-1946) https://quizlet.com/11328509/apush-ch28-flash-cards/ (Related) John Maynard Keynes English economist who advocated the use of government monetary and fiscal policy to maintain full employment without inflation (1883-1946) https://quizlet.com/11328509/apush-ch28-flash-cards/ (Related) John Maynard Keynes English economist who advocated the use of government monetary and fiscal policy to maintain full employment without inflation (1883-1946) https://quizlet.com/11328509/apush-ch28-flash-cards/ (Related) John Maynard Keynes British economist who argued that for a nation to recovery fully from a depression, the government had to spend money to encourage investment and consumption https://quizlet.com/11328509/apush-ch28-flash-cards/ London Economic Conference 1933 International economic conference called by League of Nations. When proposals were made to stabilize currencies, Roosevelt withdrew his support. He felt this wouldn't allow him to inflate the value of the dollar. Conference ended without any agreement. https://quizlet.com/37786722/apush-chapter-34-key-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) London Economic Conference A sixty-nation economic conference organized to stabilize international currency rates. Franklin Roosevelt's decision to revoke American participation contributed to a deepening world economic crisis. He withdrew because he wanted inflation and at the conference they wanted deflation. https://quizlet.com/37786722/apush-chapter-34-key-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) London economic conference International economic conference on stabilizing currency that was sabotaged by FDR https://quizlet.com/37786722/apush-chapter-34-key-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) London Economic Conference try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) 1933 - delegates hoped to stabilize values of nations' currencies & exchange rates to aid international trade; FDR pulled out, afraid this would hamper domestic recovery further depression & ultranationalism https://quizlet.com/37786722/apush-chapter-34-key-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) London Economic Conference (1933) International economic conference called by League of Nations. When proposals were made to stabilize currencies, Roosevelt withdrew his support. Conference ended without any agreement. https://quizlet.com/37786722/apush-chapter-34-key-terms-flash-cards/ Good Neighbor Policy withdrawal of American troops from foreign nations (especially Latin America) to improve international relations and unite western hemisphere; Clark Memorandum (rebukes the "big stick"); peaceful resolution of Mexican oil fields https://quizlet.com/10299239/apush-chapter-34-id-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Good Neighbor Policy Franklin D. Roosevelt policy in which the U.S. pledged that the U.S. would no longer intervene in the internal affairs of Latin American countries. This reversed Teddy Roosevelt's Big Stick Policy. https://quizlet.com/10299239/apush-chapter-34-id-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Good Neighbor policy - no armed intervention in LAtin America-FDR's foreign policy of promoting better relations with Latin America by using economic influence rater than military force in the region https://quizlet.com/10299239/apush-chapter-34-id-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Good Neighbor Policy US voluntarily renounced the use of military force and armed intervention in the Western Hemisphere; recognized the significance in US friendship with Latin countries for security purposes https://quizlet.com/10299239/apush-chapter-34-id-terms-flash-cards/ Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act of 1934 - activated low-tariff policies - relief & recovery which boosted American trade - amended Hawley-Smoot by lowering rates 50% provided that others do the same- allowed Roosevelt to control taxes- foreign trade increased- free trade international economic system https://quizlet.com/9854597/ap-us-history-chapters-34-and-35-flash-cards/ (Related) Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act 1934 activated low-tariff policies ;; for relief & recovery ;; boosted American trade ;; amended Hawley-Smoot by lowering rates 50% provided that others do the same https://quizlet.com/9854597/ap-us-history-chapters-34-and-35-flash-cards/ Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937. stipulated that when the president proclaimed the existence of a foreign war, US citizens were prohibited from sailing on a belligerent ship, selling or transporting munitions to a belligerent, or making loans to a belligerent. However, this actually provoked aggressors. Later congress amended this to apply an arms embargo to both Loyalists and rebels. https://quizlet.com/2171089/apush-quiz-2-1920-1945-flash-cards/ Neutrality Act of 1939 Aware that France and Britain desperately needed war materials, this legislation was passed stating that the European democracies could buy American war materials as long as they try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) would transport the munitions on their own ships after paying for them in cash. America thus avoided loans, war debts, and the torpedoing of American arms-carriers. https://quizlet.com/5030723/apush-world-war-ii-1920-1945-flash-cards/ (Related) Neutrality Act of 1939 allowed arms trade with belligerent nations on a cash and carry basis (ended the arms embargo); repealed earlier neutrality acts https://quizlet.com/5030723/apush-world-war-ii-1920-1945-flash-cards/ (Related) Neutrality Act of 1939 The 1939 act banned U.S. ships from carrying goods or passengers to belligerent ports but allowed U.S. sales of munitions on a "cash-and carry" basis. https://quizlet.com/5030723/apush-world-war-ii-1920-1945-flash-cards/ Atlantic Charter 1941-Pledge signed by US president FDR and British prime minister Winston Churchill and Stalin not to acquire new territory as a result of WWII amd to work for peace after the war https://quizlet.com/22214031/apush-ch27-flash-cards/ (Related) Atlantic Charter 1941-Pledge signed by US president FDR and British prime minister Winston Churchill not to acquire new territory as a result of WWII amd to work for peace after the war https://quizlet.com/22214031/apush-ch27-flash-cards/ (Related) The Atlantic Charter 1941, outlined a vision in which a world would abandon their traditional beliefs in military alliances and spheres of influence and govern their relations with one another though democratic process, with an international organization serving as the arbiter of disputes and the protector of every nation's right of self determination. https://quizlet.com/22214031/apush-ch27-flash-cards/ (Related) Atlantic Charter 1941 US.-GB agreement of Aug 1941 to promote democracy and intentions for improvement post WWII; created by Winston Churchill and FDR in a secret conference https://quizlet.com/22214031/apush-ch27-flash-cards/ (Related) Atlantic Charter The Atlantic Charter was Roosevelt's and Churchill's joint press release that provided the ideological foundation of the Western cause. DIPLOMATIC. https://quizlet.com/22214031/apush-ch27-flash-cards/ Appeasement Term for the British-French policy of attempting to prevent war by granting German demands https://quizlet.com/20175317/apush-chapter-34-flash-cards/ (Related) appeasement Satisfying the demands of dissatisfied powers in an effort to maintain peace and stability (in case of WWII toward Germany) https://quizlet.com/20175317/apush-chapter-34-flash-cards/ (Related) Appeasement In an effort to avoid open conflict with Germany, the democracies adopted this policy, which allowed Hitler to get away with relatively small acts of aggression and expansion. https://quizlet.com/20175317/apush-chapter-34-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Appeasement Policy A policy advocated by the British and French toward the Germans. The hope was to maintain peace by allowing Hitler to annex the Sudentenland region of Czechoslovakia. https://quizlet.com/20175317/apush-chapter-34-flash-cards/ (Related) appeasement term for the British-French policy of attempting to prevent war by granting German demands https://quizlet.com/20175317/apush-chapter-34-flash-cards/ Executive Order No. 9066: FDR required Japanese to be sent to concentration camps. https://quizlet.com/5022973/apush-unit-11-vocab-2-flash-cards/ (Related) Executive Order No. 9066 authorized the internment of tens of thousands of American citizens of Japanese ancestry and resident aliens from Japan. Roosevelt's Executive Order 9066, dated February 19, 1942, gave the military broad powers to ban any citizen from a fifty- to sixty-mile-wide coastal area stretching from Washington state to California and extending inland into southern Arizona. https://quizlet.com/5022973/apush-unit-11-vocab-2-flash-cards/ (Related) Executive Order No. 9066 Law that forced many Japanese-Americans into internment camps, potentially unconstitutional although deemed so by the Supreme Court. https://quizlet.com/5022973/apush-unit-11-vocab-2-flash-cards/ Korematsu v. U.S. 1944 Supreme Court case where the Supreme Court upheld the order providing for the relocation of Japanese Americans. It was not until 1988 that Congress formally apologized and agreed to pay $20,000 2 each survivor https://quizlet.com/10765800/apush-chapter-36-the-american-pageant-flash-cards/ War Production Board (WPB) American factories produced an enormous amount of weaponry, such as guns and planes. The War Production Board halted the manufacture of nonessential items such as passenger cars. It assigned priorities for transportation and access to raw materials. Took America out of the Great Depression https://quizlet.com/10993620/apush-ch36-flash-cards/ Office of Price Administration (OPA) Government agency created to control ascending prices and provide rationing. https://quizlet.com/4989032/apush-chapter-28-ids-flash-cards/ (Related) Office of Price Administration (OPA) (1941-1947) A critically important wartime agency charged with regulating the consumer economy through rationing scarce supplies, such as automobiles, tires, fuel, nylon, and sugar, and by curbing inflation by setting ceilings on the price of goods. Rents were controlled as well in parts of the country overwhelmed by war workers. The OPA was extended after World War II ended to continue the fight against inflation, but was abolished in 1947. (880) https://quizlet.com/4989032/apush-chapter-28-ids-flash-cards/ (Related) Office of Price Administration (OPA)/National War Labor Board (NWLB): Government agency which curbed inflation by fixing price ceilings on commodities and introducing rationing programs during World War II. https://quizlet.com/4989032/apush-chapter-28-ids-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) National War Labor Board (NWLB) (1918) This wartime agency was chaired by former President Taft and aimed to prevent labor disputes by encouraging high wages and an eight hour day. While granting some concessions to labor, it stopped short of supporting labor's most important demand" a government guarantee of the right to organize into unions. https://quizlet.com/11194951/wwii-apush-key-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) National War Labor Board (NWLB) Government agency that imposed ceilings on wage increases; contested by many labor unions. https://quizlet.com/11194951/wwii-apush-key-terms-flash-cards/ Zoot Suit Riots In the 1940's - Riots that occurred mostly in Los Angeles, CA between white marines and young Mexican Americans. White marines thought that the dress of "zoot suits" of the Mexican Americans was un-patriotic, although about 300,000 Mexican Americans were in the armed forces. Some Mexicans thought that they would be the next "Japanese" and be taken to camps. https://quizlet.com/2052112/apush-ch-27-28-flash-cards/ (Related) Zoot suit riots A series of riots in L.A. California during WWII. Soldiers stationed in the city and Mexican youths because of the zoot suits they wore. Reflected very racist sentiments in Western United States. In almost all cases, the soldiers were acquitted. https://quizlet.com/2052112/apush-ch-27-28-flash-cards/ WACS/WAVES/SPARS the 216,000 women who held noncombat positions in the army, navy, and Coast Guard when more "manpower" was needed and the men needed to be sent to fight. https://quizlet.com/21219414/apush-chapter-35-flash-cards/ Tuskegee Airmen all black unit of fighter pilots. trained in Tuskegee Alabama. won many awards for bravery and never lost a single pilot https://quizlet.com/4952742/ap-us-history-chapters-34-35-vocabulary-flash-cards/ (Related) Tuskegee Airmen 332 Fighter Group famous for shooting down over 200 enemy planes. African American pilots who trained at the Tuskegee flying school. https://quizlet.com/4952742/ap-us-history-chapters-34-35-vocabulary-flash-cards/ (Related) Tuskegee Airmen 332 Fighter Group famous for shooting down over 200 enemy planes. African American pilots who trained at the Tuskegee flying school. https://quizlet.com/4952742/ap-us-history-chapters-34-35-vocabulary-flash-cards/ (Related) Tuskegee Airmen332 Fighter Group famous for shooting down over 200 enemy planes. African American pilots who trained at the Tuskegee flying school. https://quizlet.com/4952742/ap-us-history-chapters-34-35-vocabulary-flash-cards/ (Related) Tuskegee Airmen WWII was the first war in which African Americans fought in combat units in the Marines and Air Corps. The airmen were an all-black fighting unit formed in response to pressure from the NAACP. They were incredibly successful, and one of the most decorated units in WWII try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) https://quizlet.com/4952742/ap-us-history-chapters-34-35-vocabulary-flash-cards/ Double V Campaign The World War II-era effort of black Americans to gain "a Victory over racism at home as well as Victory abroad." https://quizlet.com/21236516/apush-chapter-25-flash-cards/ (Related) Double V campaign African Americans pledged to fight not only for victory over Hitler in Europe, but also against racism at home. https://quizlet.com/21236516/apush-chapter-25-flash-cards/ (Related) Double V Campaign The World War II-era effort of black Americans to gain "a Victory over racism at home as well as Victory abroad." https://quizlet.com/21236516/apush-chapter-25-flash-cards/ (Related) Double V Campaign Campaign popularized by American Black Leaders during WW2 emphasizing the need for double victory: over Germany and Japan and also over racial prejudice in the US. Many blacks were fought in WW2 were disappointed that the America they returned to still hate racial tension https://quizlet.com/21236516/apush-chapter-25-flash-cards/ Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC) (1941) Threatened with a massive "Negro March on Washington" to demand equal job opportunities in war jobs and in the military, Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration issued an executive order forbidding racial discrimination in all defense plants operating under contract with the federal government. The FEPC was intended to monitor compliance with the Executive Order. (883) https://quizlet.com/4218575/apush-ch-36-vocab-flash-cards/ Bracero program United States labor agents recruited thousands of farm and railroad workers from Mexico. The program stimulated emigration for Mexico. https://quizlet.com/5011434/apush-chapter-36-flash-cards/ (Related) Bracero program (1942) Program established by agreement with the Mexican government to recruit temporary Mexican agricultural workers to the United States to make up for wartime labor shortages in the Far West. The program persisted until 1964, by when it had sponsored 4.5 million border crossings. https://quizlet.com/5011434/apush-chapter-36-flash-cards/ (Related) Bracero Program Wartime agreement between the United States and Mexico to import farm workers to meet a perceived manpower shortage; the agreement was in effect from 1941 to 1947. Stimulated emigration from Mexico. https://quizlet.com/5011434/apush-chapter-36-flash-cards/ (Related) Bracero Program Wartime agreement between the United States and Mexico to import farm workers tomeet a perceived manpower shortage; the agreement was in effect from 1941 to 1947. https://quizlet.com/5011434/apush-chapter-36-flash-cards/ Navajo code talkers try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) Native American men who served in the military by transmitting radio messages in their native languages, which were undecipherable by German and Japanese spies (884) https://quizlet.com/2037081/apush-chapter-28-flash-cards/ (Related) Navajo Code Talkers Native Americans from the Navajo tribe used their own language to make a code for the U.S. military that the Japanese could not desipher https://quizlet.com/2037081/apush-chapter-28-flash-cards/ (Related) Navajo Code Talkers Native Americans served the country by enlisting in the armed services and working in thousands of factories across the United States. Most famous of this group, who translated U.S. code into the Native American language so that enemy forces could not decipher the content. https://quizlet.com/2037081/apush-chapter-28-flash-cards/ Manhattan Project The Manhattan project was a secret research and development project of the U.S to develop the atomic bomb. Its success granted the U.S the bombs that ended the war with Japan as well as ushering the country into the atomic era. https://quizlet.com/10835567/apush-ch-35-key-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Manhattan Project (1942) Code name for the American commission established in 1942 develop the atomic bomb. The first experimental bomb was detonated on July 16, 1945, in the desert of New Mexico. Atomic bombs were then dropped on two cities in Japan in hopes of bringing the war to an end: Hiroshima on August 6, 1945 and Nagasaki on August 9, 1945. (900) https://quizlet.com/10835567/apush-ch-35-key-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Manhattan Project code name for the secret United States project set up in 1942 to develop atomic bombs for use in World War II https://quizlet.com/10835567/apush-ch-35-key-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Manhattan Project Code name for the U.S. effort during World War II to produce the atomic bomb. Much of the early research was done in New York City by refugee physicists in the United States. https://quizlet.com/10835567/apush-ch-35-key-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Manhattan Project -scientists (Albert Einstein) pushed ahead to discover the secret of an atomic bomb-gov funded wuth $2 billion-industrial power combined with sci knowledge-desert in Alamogordo, New Mexico on July 16, 1945 the 1st atomic device was tested https://quizlet.com/10835567/apush-ch-35-key-terms-flash-cards/ Battle of Midway U.S. naval victory over the Japanese fleet in June 1942, in which the Japanese lost four of their best aircraft carriers. It marked a turning point in World War II. https://quizlet.com/2029426/apush-ch-35-flash-cards/ (Related) Battle of Midway U.S. naval victory over the Japanese fleet in June 1942, in which the Japanese lost four of their best aircraft carriers. It marked a turning point in World War II. https://quizlet.com/2029426/apush-ch-35-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Battle of Midway Americans discovered that the Japanese were planning to attack Midway, a strategic island which lies northwest of Hawaii. Admiral Chester Nimitz, the commander of American naval forces in the Pacific, moved to defend the island. On Junes 3, 1942, his scout planes found the Japanese fleet. The Americans sent torpedo planes and dive bombers to the attack. The Japanese were caught with their planes still on the decks of their carriers. The results were devastating. by the end of the Battle of Midway, the Japanese had lost four aircraft carriers, a cruiser, and 250 planes. In the words of a Japanese official, at Midway the Americans had "avenged Pearl Harbor." https://quizlet.com/2029426/apush-ch-35-flash-cards/ (Related) Battle of Midway An enormous battle that raged for four days near the small American outpost at Midway Island, at the end of which the US, despite great losses, was clearly victorious. The American navy destroyed four Japanese aircraft carriers and lost only one of its own; the action regained control of the central Pacific for the US. https://quizlet.com/2029426/apush-ch-35-flash-cards/ (Related) Battle of Midway Crucial naval battle of June 1942, in which U.S. Admiral Chester Nimitz blocked the Japanese attempt to conquer a strategic island near Hawaii https://quizlet.com/2029426/apush-ch-35-flash-cards/ Island hopping The Americans would bypass heavily fortified islands and starve and bomb the smaller surrounding ones to push the japanese back. The main focus of the americans became defending the islands in Alaska. https://quizlet.com/32847999/apush-chapter-35-america-in-world-war-ii-flash-cards/ (Related) Island Hopping The American navy attacked islands held by the Japanese in the Pacific Ocean. The capture of each successive island from the Japanese brought the American navy closer to an invasion of Japan. https://quizlet.com/32847999/apush-chapter-35-america-in-world-war-ii-flash-cards/ (Related) Island Hopping the American navy attacked islands held by the Japanese in the Pacific Ocean. The capture of each successive island from the Japanese brought the American navy closer to an invasion of Japan. https://quizlet.com/32847999/apush-chapter-35-america-in-world-war-ii-flash-cards/ Battle of the Bulge December, 1944-January, 1945 - After recapturing France, the Allied advance became stalled along the German border. In the winter of 1944, Germany staged a massive counterattack in Belgium and Luxembourg which pushed a 30 mile "bulge" into the Allied lines. The Allies stopped the German advance and threw them back across the Rhine with heavy losses. https://quizlet.com/5036444/apush-chapter-35-flash-cards/ (Related) Battle of the Bulge The December 1944 German offensive (stopped by Patton) that marked Hitler's last chance to stop the Allied advance https://quizlet.com/5036444/apush-chapter-35-flash-cards/ (Related) Battle of the Bulge December, 1944-January, 1945 - After recapturing France, the Allied advance became stalled along the German border. In the winter of 1944, Germany staged a massive counterattack in try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) Belgium and Luxembourg which pushed a 30 mile "bulge" into the Allied lines. The Allies stopped the German advance and threw them back across the Rhine with heavy losses. https://quizlet.com/5036444/apush-chapter-35-flash-cards/ (Related) Battle of the Bulge (Dec 16, 1944-Jan 25, 1945) The Battle of the Bulge (also known as the Ardennes Offensive and the Von Rundstedt Offensive to the Germans) (16 December 1944 - 25 January 1945) was a major German offensive (die Ardennenoffensive), launched toward the end of World War II through the densely forested Ardennes mountain region of Wallonia in Belgium, hence its French name (Bataille des Ardennes), and France and Luxembourg on the Western Front. The Wehrmacht's code name for the offensive was Unternehmen Wacht am Rhein ("Operation Watch on the Rhine"), after the German patriotic hymn Die Wacht am Rhein.There are several American names for this battle. The first was the description given to the way the Allied front-line bulged inward on wartime news maps, which was reported in the contemporary press as the Battle of the Bulge. The battle was militarily defined as the Ardennes Counteroffensive, which included the German drive and the American effort to contain and later defeat it. Following the war, the U.S. Army issued a campaign citation for its units fighting in northwest Europe at the time. This was called the Ardennes-Alsace campaign and included the Ardennes sector (of the Ardennes Counteroffensive fighting) and units further south in the Alsace sector. The latter units were not involved except for elements sent northward as reinforcements. While Ardennes Counteroffensive is correct military parlance because the official Ardennes-Alsace campaign covers much more than the Ardennes battle region, the most popular description remains simply the Battle of the Bulge.The German offensive was supported by several subordinate operations known as Unternehmen Bodenplatte, Greif, and Währung. Germany's goal for these operations was to split the British and American Allied line in half, capturing Antwerp and then proceed to encircle and destroy four Allied armies, forcing the Western Allies to negotiate a peace treaty in the Axis Powers' favour. Once accomplished, Hitler could fully concentrate on the eastern theatre of war.The offensive was planned with the utmost secrecy, minimizing radio traffic and moving troops and equipment under cover of darkness. Although Ultra suggested a possible attack and the Third U.S. Army's intelligence staff predicted a major German offensive, the Allies were still caught by surprise. This was achieved by a combination of Allied overconfidence, preoccupation with their own offensive plans, and poor aerial reconnaissance.Near-complete surprise against a weakly defended section of the Allied line was achieved during heavy overcast weather, which grounded the Allies' overwhelmingly superior air forces. Fierce resistance, particularly around the key town of Bastogne, and terrain favouring the defenders threw the German timetable behind schedule. Allied reinforcements, including General George S. Patton's Third Army, and improving weather conditions, which permitted air attacks on German forces and supply lines, sealed the failure of the offensive.In the wake of the defeat, many experienced German units were left severely depleted of men and equipment as survivors retreated to the defenses of the Siegfried Line. For the Americans, with about 610,000 men committed and some 89,000 casualties, including 19,000 killed, the Battle of the Bulge was the largest and bloodiest battle that they fought in World War II. https://quizlet.com/5036444/apush-chapter-35-flash-cards/ (Related) Battle of the bulge -hitler focused attack on the Belgium port of Antwerp-Americans caught off guard were driven back-the 101st Airborne Division stood strong at Bastonge-General A.C. McAuliffe fought of the Germans until the Rhine River-US captured Berlin in April discovering concentration camps-Hitler committed suicide https://quizlet.com/5036444/apush-chapter-35-flash-cards/ Yalta Conference wartime meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union—President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and General Secretary Joseph Stalin; for the purpose of discussing Europe's post-war reorganization; intended to discuss the re-establishment of the nations of war-torn Europe https://quizlet.com/75452977/apush-chapters-35-36-flash-cards/ (Related) Yalta Conference try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) A meeting in Yalta of President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill, and Joseph Stalin in February in 1945, in which the leaders discussed the treatment of Germany, the status of Poland, the creation of the United Nations and Russian entry into the war against Japan https://quizlet.com/75452977/apush-chapters-35-36-flash-cards/ (Related) Yalta Conference A war time conference held at Yalta, USSR, that was attended by FDR, Churchill, Stalin. It agreed on the unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany and it's occupation, status of Poland , citizens of the Soviet Union and of Yugoslavia were to be handed over to their respective countries, regardless of their consent, the United Nations once it was agreed that each of the five permanent members of the Security Council would have veto power, and Stalin's entry against Japan. https://quizlet.com/75452977/apush-chapters-35-36-flash-cards/ (Related) Yalta Conference FDR, Churchill and Stalin met at Yalta. Russia agreed to declare war on Japan after the surrender of Germany and in return FDR and Churchill promised the USSR concession in Manchuria and the territories that it had lost in the Russo-Japanese War https://quizlet.com/75452977/apush-chapters-35-36-flash-cards/ Potsdam Conference A war time conference held at Potsdam, Germany that was attended by Truman, Attlee, and Stalin. It agreed on the establishment of the Oder-Neisse line as the border of areas administrated by government of Poland, the expulsion of the German populations remaining beyond the borders of Germany, war reparations, reversion of all German annexations in Europe after 1937, statement of aims and means of the occupation of Germany, and the prosecution of Nazi war criminals. In addition, the Allies issued the Potsdam Declaration which outlined the terms of surrender for Japan. https://quizlet.com/11174139/cold-war-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Potsdam Conference A war time conference held at Potsdam, Germany that was attended by Truman, Attlee, and Stalin. It agreed on the establishment of the Oder-Neisse line as the border of areas administrated by government of Poland, the expulsion of the German populations remaining beyond the borders of Germany, war reparations, reversion of all German annexations in Europe after 1937, statement of aims and means of the occupation of Germany, and the prosecution of Nazi war criminals. In addition, the Allies issued the Potsdam Declaration which outlined the terms of surrender for Japan: surrender or be destroyed. https://quizlet.com/11174139/cold-war-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Potsdam Conference The final wartime meeting of the leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union was held at Potsdamn, outside Berlin, in July, 1945. Truman, Churchill, and Stalin discussed the future of Europe but their failure to reach meaningful agreements soon led to the onset of the Cold War. https://quizlet.com/11174139/cold-war-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Potsdam Conference meeting between Stalin, Churchill, and Truman to discuss post-WWII; compromise: each side would take reparations from its own occupation zone, divided up GER, created Council of Foreign Ministers; marked the end of wartime alliance https://quizlet.com/11174139/cold-war-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) 1315. Potsdam Conference July 26, 1945 - Allied leaders Truman, Stalin and Churchill met in Germany to set up zones of control and to inform the Japanese that if they refused to surrender at once, they would face total destruction. https://quizlet.com/11174139/cold-war-apush-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) D-Day allied forces under dwight d. eisenhower landed on the beaches of normandy in history's greatest naval invasion. https://quizlet.com/5036444/apush-chapter-35-flash-cards/ (Related) 1301. D-Day June 6, 1944 - Led by Eisenhower, over a million troops (the largest invasion force in history) stormed the beaches at Normandy and began the process of re-taking France. The turning point of World War II. https://quizlet.com/5036444/apush-chapter-35-flash-cards/ (Related) D-Day D-day was the first day of the Normandy landings which started the invasion of western Europe and liberated France from the Germans. https://quizlet.com/5036444/apush-chapter-35-flash-cards/ (Related) D-Day June 6, 1944: long promised invasion of France. Eisenhower commanded more than 1.5 million American, British, and Canadian soldiers across the channel. Helped to liberate Paris in August, had driven the Germans out of most of France and Belgium by September. https://quizlet.com/5036444/apush-chapter-35-flash-cards/ (Related) D-Day June 6, 1944 - Led by Eisenhower, over a million troops (the largest invasion force in history) stormed the beaches at Normandy and began the process of re-taking France. The turning point of World War II. https://quizlet.com/5036444/apush-chapter-35-flash-cards/ Sunbelt This region consists of a broad band of states running across the South from Florida to Texas, extending west and north to include California and the Pacific Northwest. Beginning in the 1970s, this area experienced rapid economic growth and major gains in population. https://quizlet.com/75804772/apush-chapter-26-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Sunbelt The southern and southwestern states, from the Carolinas to California, characterized by warm climate and recently, rapid population growth https://quizlet.com/75804772/apush-chapter-26-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Sunbelt name applied to the Southwest and South, which grew rapidly after WWII as a center of defense industries and non-unionized labor https://quizlet.com/75804772/apush-chapter-26-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Sunbelt Shorthand name for the southern and western regions of the US that experienced the highest rates of growth after WWII https://quizlet.com/75804772/apush-chapter-26-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Sunbelt The sunbelt states included from Florida to California...warmer climates, lower taxes, and economic opportunities prompted families uprooted by the war to move to these areas. https://quizlet.com/75804772/apush-chapter-26-vocab-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) 22nd Amendment Adopted in 1951, prevents a president from serving more than two terms or more than ten years https://quizlet.com/4035813/apush-flash-cards/ (Related) 22nd Amendment 1951Limits the president to 2 terms. https://quizlet.com/4035813/apush-flash-cards/ (Related) 22nd Amendment Presidents are limited to a maximum of two elected terms, and only one if they succeeded an elected President and served for more than two years of that elected President's term. (This Amendment was a reaction to FDR's four elected terms, which broke the age-old tradition set by George Washington. George Washington set a two-term precedent, but it was only a tradition until this Amendment mad it the law of the land.) (1951) https://quizlet.com/4035813/apush-flash-cards/ (Related) 22nd amendment Passed in 1951, the amendment that limits presidents to two terms of office. https://quizlet.com/4035813/apush-flash-cards/ (Related) 22nd Amendment Limits the number of times that a person can be elected president: a person cannot be elected president more than twice, and a person who has served more than two years of a term to which someone else was elected cannot be elected more than once. https://quizlet.com/4035813/apush-flash-cards/ United Nations international body formed to bring nations into dialogue in hopes of preventing further world wars; much like the former League of Nations in ambition, it was more realistic in recognizing the authority of the Big Five Powers in keeping peace in the world, thus guaranting veto power to all permant members of its Security Council (Britian, China, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States) https://quizlet.com/75593073/apush-chapter-25-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) United Nations An international body agreed upon at the Yalta conference and counted at a conference in San Francisco in 1945, consisting of a general assembly, in which all nations are represented, and a security council of the five major allied powers- the United States, Britain, France, China and the Soviet Union- and seven other nations elected on a rotating basis https://quizlet.com/75593073/apush-chapter-25-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) United Nations An international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. It was founded in 1945 at the signing of the United Nations Charter by 50 countries, replacing the League of Nations, founded in 1919. https://quizlet.com/75593073/apush-chapter-25-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) United Nations (U.N.) International body formed in 1945 to bring nations into dialogue in hopes of preventing further world wars. Much like the former League of Nations, the UN was more realistic in recognizing the authority of the Big Five Powers in keeping peace in the world. Thus, it guaranteed veto power to all permanent members of its Security Council—Britain, China, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States. try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) https://quizlet.com/75593073/apush-chapter-25-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) United Nations an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace; founded to replace the League of Nations; to stop wars between countries, and to provide a platform for dialogue https://quizlet.com/75593073/apush-chapter-25-vocab-flash-cards/ Containment doctrine 1947 attempt by Truman to present a coherent plan to the Soviet challenge. Crafted by George Kennan the doctrine held that Russian was expansionary but the Kremlin was also cautious and the flow of Soviet power would be controlled by containment. https://quizlet.com/5220139/apush-chapter-36-key-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Containment Doctrine A foreign policy strategy advocated by George Kennan that called for the United States to isolate the Soviet Union, "contain" its advances, and resist its encroachments by peaceful means if possible but by force if necessary. https://quizlet.com/5220139/apush-chapter-36-key-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) containment doctrine held that Russia, was relentlessly expansionary. Argued that the flow of Soviet power could be stemmed by "firm and vigilant containment" https://quizlet.com/5220139/apush-chapter-36-key-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) containment doctrine a foreign policy strategy advocated by George Kennan that called for the United States to isolate the Soviet Union, "contain" its advances, and resist its enroachments by peaceful means if possible, but by force if necessary. https://quizlet.com/5220139/apush-chapter-36-key-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) containment doctrine America's strategy against the Soviet Union basedf on the ideas of George Kennan; it declared that the Soviet Union and communism were inherently expansionist and had to be stopped from spreading through both military and political pressure and, as a result, guided American foreign policy throughout most of the Cold War https://quizlet.com/5220139/apush-chapter-36-key-terms-flash-cards/ Truman Doctrine First established in 1947 after Britain no longer could afford to provide anti-communist aid to Greece and Turkey, it pledged to provide U.S. military and economic aid to any nation threatened by communism. https://quizlet.com/5350618/apush-chapter-36-key-terms-and-people-flash-cards/ (Related) Truman Doctrine (1947) President Truman's universal pledge of support for any people fighting any communist or communist-inspired threat; presented to Congress in support of his request for $400 million to defend Greece and Turkey against Soviet-backed insurgencies https://quizlet.com/5350618/apush-chapter-36-key-terms-and-people-flash-cards/ (Related) Truman Doctrine/Containment Stated that the U.S. would support Greece and Turkey with economic and military aid to prevent their falling into the Soviet sphere. Stopping the spread of the sphere of communist influence. https://quizlet.com/5350618/apush-chapter-36-key-terms-and-people-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Truman Doctrine First established in 1947 after Britain no longer could afford to provide anti-communist aid to Greece and Turkey, it pledged to provide U.S. military and economic aid to any nation threatened by communism. https://quizlet.com/5350618/apush-chapter-36-key-terms-and-people-flash-cards/ (Related) Truman Doctrine 1947 - Stated that the U.S. would support any nation threatened by Communism. https://quizlet.com/5350618/apush-chapter-36-key-terms-and-people-flash-cards/ Marshall Plan Secretary of State George C. Marshall spoke at Harvard University in June 1947 pledging that the United States would contribute billions of dollars to help Europe with their economic recovery. The Marshall Plan was able to offer a positive vision just like the policy of containment did. The plan wanted to get ride of the idea that capitalism was declining and communism would be the future. https://quizlet.com/5222989/apush-chapter-29-flash-cards/ (Related) The Marshall Plan 772, A document created after WWII which provided food and economic help to European countries struggling from the war. Soviets would not accept help. https://quizlet.com/5222989/apush-chapter-29-flash-cards/ (Related) Marshall Plan Introduced by Secretary of State George G. Marshall in 1947, he proposed massive and systematic American economic aid to Europe to revitalize the European economies after WWII and help prevent the spread of Communism. https://quizlet.com/5222989/apush-chapter-29-flash-cards/ (Related) Marshall Plan 1947, $5.3 billion to Europe to help rebuild post-war; mainly raw materials, food and fuel; underlying purpose of preventing communism; Soviets attempt to imitate with their own Molotov Plan- failure https://quizlet.com/5222989/apush-chapter-29-flash-cards/ (Related) Marshall Plan Secretary of State, George C. Marshall's plan to provide economic assistance to all European nations that would join in drafting a program for recovery. Sixteen western nations participated. https://quizlet.com/5222989/apush-chapter-29-flash-cards/ Berlin airlift (1948) Year-long mission of flying food and supplies to blockaded West Berliners, whom the Soviet Union cut off from access to the West in the first major crisis of the Cold War. (928) https://quizlet.com/128833728/apush-chapter-36-the-cold-war-begins-flash-cards/ (Related) Berlin Airlift Successful effort by the United States and Britain to ship by air 2.3 million tons of supplies to the residents of the Western-controlled sectors of Berlin from June 1948 to May 1949, in response to a Soviet blockade of all land and canal routes to the divided city. https://quizlet.com/128833728/apush-chapter-36-the-cold-war-begins-flash-cards/ (Related) Berlin Airlift try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) Russia suddenly cut off the railway to West Berlin (1948) in attempt to strangle West Berlin into giving itself over to the East.America's response was the Berlin Airlift where the U.S. simply flew in needed supplies to West Berlin. https://quizlet.com/128833728/apush-chapter-36-the-cold-war-begins-flash-cards/ (Related) Berlin Airlift Truman's move to prevent the removal of US troops from Berlin, while also helping the troops to survive. He ordered US planes to fly in supplies to the people of West Berlin, and also sent 60 bombers capable of carrying atomic bombs to bases in England. https://quizlet.com/128833728/apush-chapter-36-the-cold-war-begins-flash-cards/ (Related) Berlin Airlift Joint effort by the US and Britian to fly food and supplies into W Berlin after the Soviet blocked off all ground routes into the city https://quizlet.com/128833728/apush-chapter-36-the-cold-war-begins-flash-cards/ North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (est. 1949) military alliance of Western European powers and the United States and Canada established to defend against the common threat from the Soviet Union, marking a giant stride forward for European unity and American internationalism https://quizlet.com/2040043/apush-chapter-29-flash-cards/ Warsaw Pact -Alliance between Eastern Europeans and the Soviets in 1955-Red military counterweight to the acceptance of Germany into NATO https://quizlet.com/10603165/apush-chapters-36-38-flash-cards/ (Related) Warsaw Pact treaty signed in 1945 that formed an alliance of the Eastern European countries behind the Iron Curtain; USSR, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania https://quizlet.com/10603165/apush-chapters-36-38-flash-cards/ (Related) Warsaw Pact A military alliance formed in 1955 by the Soviet Union and its East European satellite nations. Became the counter-alliance to NATO. Both alliance systems planned action in the event of hostilities. https://quizlet.com/10603165/apush-chapters-36-38-flash-cards/ (Related) Warsaw Pact treaty signed in 1945 that formed an alliance of the Eastern European countries behind the Iron Curtain; USSR, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania, The 1955 treaty binding the Soviet Union and countries of eastern Europe in an alliance against the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. (p. 836) https://quizlet.com/10603165/apush-chapters-36-38-flash-cards/ (Related) Warsaw Pact treaty signed in 1945 that formed an alliance of the Eastern European countries behind the Iron Curtain; USSR, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania https://quizlet.com/10603165/apush-chapters-36-38-flash-cards/ National Security Council Paper 68 (NSC-68) Policy statement that committed the United States to a military approach to the Cold War https://quizlet.com/4112245/apush-ch-26-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) NSC-68 A document that pushed for a large build up of the U.S military. It allowed the U.S to quickly build up its military for the Korean conflict. National Securtiy Council memo #68 U.S. "strive for victory" in cold war, pressed for offensive and a gross increase ($37 bil) in defense spending, determined US foreign policy for the next 20-30 years https://quizlet.com/4112245/apush-ch-26-flash-cards/ (Related) National Security Council Memorandum Number 68 (NSC-68) (1950) National Security Council recommendation to quadruple defense spending and rapidly expand peace-time armed forces to address Cold War tensions; it reflected a new militarization of American foreign policy but the huge costs of rearmament were not expected to interfere with what seemed like the limitless possibilities of postwar prosperity https://quizlet.com/4112245/apush-ch-26-flash-cards/ (Related) NSC-68 (1950) Report in which the National Security Council recommended quadrupling US gov defense spending to 20% of GNP, forming alliances with non-Communist countries, and convincing the American public that a costly arms buildup was imperative to the nation's defense https://quizlet.com/4112245/apush-ch-26-flash-cards/ (Related) NSC-68 1950; a secret policy statement proposed by the National Security Council that called for a large, ongoing military commitment to contain Soviet Communism. It was accepted by Truman after the N Korean invasion of S Korea https://quizlet.com/4112245/apush-ch-26-flash-cards/ Loyalty Review Board Reactionary policy under Truman to answer public hysteria over communist infiltration in the late 1940's and early 1950's into the US Government. https://quizlet.com/11471318/apush-minifinal-terms-part-3-flash-cards/ (Related) Loyalty Review Board -Part of Truman foreign policy-Set up to spot out Communists among federal employees-Based in House of Representatives-Succeeds at making people afraid to become a part of CommunismPeople become concerned that other people are watching them-Ineffective at finding Communists https://quizlet.com/11471318/apush-minifinal-terms-part-3-flash-cards/ (Related) Loyalty Review Board Established by Truman, investigated alleged communists holding government jobs https://quizlet.com/11471318/apush-minifinal-terms-part-3-flash-cards/ Dennis et al. v. United States This 1951 Supreme Court case upheld the constitutionality of the Smith Act of 1940. https://quizlet.com/22096024/apush-cold-war-flash-cards/ Alger Hiss 1950, was a U.S. State Department official involved in the establishment of the United Nations. He was accused of being a Soviet spy in 1948 and convicted of perjury in connection with this charge in 1950 https://quizlet.com/75407660/apush-chapter-23-key-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Alger Hiss A former State Department official who was accused of being a Communist spy, he could not be tried for espionage because of the statute of limitations try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) https://quizlet.com/75407660/apush-chapter-23-key-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Alger Hiss An American lawyer, government official, author, and lecturer. He was involved in the establishment of the United Nations both as a U.S. State Department and U.N. official. Hiss was accused of being a Soviet spy in 1948 and convicted of perjury in connection with this charge in 1950. https://quizlet.com/75407660/apush-chapter-23-key-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Alger Hiss A former State Department official who was accused of being a Communist spy (giving classified documents to the Soviets) and was convicted of perjury. The case was prosecuted by Richard Nixon. https://quizlet.com/75407660/apush-chapter-23-key-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Alger Hiss case In 1948 committee member Richard M. Nixon led the chase after Alger Hiss, a prominent exNew Dealer and a distinguished member of the "eastern establishment." accused of being a communist agent in the 1930s, hiss demanded the right to defend himself. His dramatically met his chief accuser before the Un-American Activities Committee in august but was convicted of perjury. https://quizlet.com/75407660/apush-chapter-23-key-terms-flash-cards/ Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Arrested in the Summer of 1950 and executed in 1953, they were convicted of conspiring to commit espionage by passing plans for the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union. https://quizlet.com/77792315/apush-chapter-31-the-fair-deal-and-containment-flash-cards/ (Related) Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Couple convicted of transmitting atomic secrets to the Russians and executed on June 19, 1953. https://quizlet.com/77792315/apush-chapter-31-the-fair-deal-and-containment-flash-cards/ (Related) Julius and Ethel Rosenberg These two were Soviet spies sent to steal information and technology. They helped the Soviets developed the atomic bomb, and their executions drew sympathy from those tired of the "red-hunts" https://quizlet.com/77792315/apush-chapter-31-the-fair-deal-and-containment-flash-cards/ Federal Highway Act of 1956 Federal legislation signed by Dwight D. Eisenhower to construct thousands of miles of modern highways in the name of national defense. Officially called the National Interstate and Defense Highways Act, this bill dramatically increased the move to the suburbs, as white middle-class people could more easily commute to urban jobs. (958) https://quizlet.com/869431/apush-chapter-27-flash-cards/ (Related) federal highway act of 1956 popularly known as the National Interstate and Defense Highways Act (Public Law 84-627), was enacted on June 29, 1956, when Dwight D. Eisenhower signed this bill into law. Appropriating $25 billion for the construction of 40,000 miles (64,000 km) of interstate highways over a 10-year period, it was the largest public works project in American history to that point. https://quizlet.com/869431/apush-chapter-27-flash-cards/ brinkmanship try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) the act of pushing a situation to the verge of war in order to threaten and encourage one's opponent to back down. https://quizlet.com/2036216/apush-ch-3031-flash-cards/ (Related) "brinkmanship" Brinkmanship was used first by the US Secretary John Foster Dulles during the Cold War regarding his policy against the Soviet Union. Dulles defined the policy of brinkmanship as "the ability to get to the verge without getting into the war". His critics blamed him for damaging relations with communist states and contributing to the Cold War. https://quizlet.com/2036216/apush-ch-3031-flash-cards/ (Related) John Foster Dulles; "brinkmanship" Eisenhower's Secretary of State who would help shape U.S foreign policy during his presidency. He saw Kennan and Truman's containment policy as too passive and wanted to directly challenge the Soviet Union and the PRC. He wanted the U.S liberate the satellite nations under the USSR and encouraged the Nationalist government of Taiwan to assert itself against the Communist mainland. He declared that if America pushed the Communists into war, they would back down because of American nuclear superiority. This pleased conservatives but alarmed others, and Eisenhower kept him from carrying his ideas to an extreme. His hardline was known as __________. He also supported massive retaliation. https://quizlet.com/2036216/apush-ch-3031-flash-cards/ (Related) Brinkmanship A 1956 term used by Secretary of State John Dulles to describe a policy of risking war in order to protect national interests https://quizlet.com/2036216/apush-ch-3031-flash-cards/ massive retaliation a military doctrine and nuclear strategy in which a state commits itself to retaliate in much greater force in the event of an attack. https://quizlet.com/5321492/unit-11-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) massive retaliation The "new look" defense policy of the Eisenhower administration of the 1950's was to threaten "massive retaliation" with nuclear weapons in response to any act of aggression by a potential enemy. https://quizlet.com/5321492/unit-11-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Massive Retaliation 1950s - "new look" defense policy of the Eisenhower administration to threaten "massive retaliation" with nuclear weapons in response to any act of aggression by a potential enemyhttps://quizlet.com/5321492/unit-11-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Massive Retaliation Significance - purpose was to cut down conventional military spending and spend more on building bombs and arms- ended up not https://quizlet.com/5321492/unit-11-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Massive Retaliation Hungary bluff 1956 - Hungarians revolted for democratic reform b/c believed US would help them but the Soviets ended up killing 10,000 Hungarians- according to MR, US supposed to threaten Soviets but didn't b/c didn't think this was a big enough issue to start a world war over https://quizlet.com/5321492/unit-11-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) massive retaliation try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) The "new look" defense policy of the Eisenhower administration of the 1950's was to threaten "massive retaliation" with nuclear weapons in response to any act of aggression by a potential enemy. https://quizlet.com/5321492/unit-11-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) "Massive Retaliation" The "new look" defense policy of the Eisenhower administration of the 1950's was to threaten "massive retaliation" with nuclear weapons in response to any act of aggression by a potential enemy. https://quizlet.com/5321492/unit-11-apush-flash-cards/ Geneva Conference A conference held to establish the government of Vietnam after the French decision to leave the country. The agreement divided Vietnam on the 17th parallel, confining Ho Chi Minh's government to the North. In the South, an independent government was headed by Diem. https://quizlet.com/10938135/apush-the-eisenhower-years-1952-1960-flash-cards/ (Related) Geneva Conference The Second Geneva Naval Conference was a conference held to discuss naval arms limitation, held in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1932. Sixty nations, including USA, USSR and Germany, came to the conference wanting a reduction in general arms. Some progress was made, but when Hitler came into power in 1933 he took Germany out of the Geneva Conference and the League of Nations, which was questionable but nothing was done about it. The Geneva conference split the nation of Vietnam roughly in half along the seventeenth parallel, and established a shaky peace in the nation of Laos. https://quizlet.com/10938135/apush-the-eisenhower-years-1952-1960-flash-cards/ (Related) Geneva Conference in INdo-China, 1954 French called due to Vietnam's fall to nationalists. Split Vietnam at the 17th parallel. Elections were to be held 2 years later to determine the joining of the two halves. https://quizlet.com/10938135/apush-the-eisenhower-years-1952-1960-flash-cards/ (Related) Geneva Conference A conference between many countries that agreed to end hostilities and restore peace in French Indochina and Vietnam. https://quizlet.com/10938135/apush-the-eisenhower-years-1952-1960-flash-cards/ (Related) Geneva Conference A conference held in 1954 in which France agreed to give up Indochina. The region would be divided into the independent nations of Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. Vietnam was to temporarily divided at the 17th parallel until a general election could be held. However, this election was never held. https://quizlet.com/10938135/apush-the-eisenhower-years-1952-1960-flash-cards/ Domino Theory Made by President Eisenhower: if S Vietnam fell under Communist Control, one nation after another in SE Asia would also fall, until Australia and New Zealand were in dire danger. https://quizlet.com/20964547/apush-cold-war-flash-cards/ (Related) Domino theory A 20th Century Foreign Policytheory, promoted by the government of the United States that speculated if one land in a region came under the influence of Communists, then more would follow in a domino https://quizlet.com/20964547/apush-cold-war-flash-cards/ (Related) domino theory try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) a theory during the 1950's to 1980's which speculated that if one land in a region came under the influence of communism, then the surrounding countries would follow in a... https://quizlet.com/20964547/apush-cold-war-flash-cards/ (Related) Domino Theory the political theory that if one nation comes under Communist control then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control https://quizlet.com/20964547/apush-cold-war-flash-cards/ Suez crisis (1956) International crisis launched when Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal, which had been owned mostly by French and British stockholders. The crisis led to a British and French attack on Egypt, which failed without aid from the United States. The Suez Crisis marked an important turning point in the post-colonial Middle East and highlighted the rising importance of oil in world affairs. (960) https://quizlet.com/908421/apush-ch28-flash-cards/ (Related) Suez Crisis When Egyptian president Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal, British, French, and Israeli forces staged a joint assault on Egypt, cutting off Western Europe's oil supply; when the United States, who had been kept in the dark about the plan, refused to release emergency oil supplies, the allies were compelled to withdraw troops and the United Nations was forced to intervene. https://quizlet.com/908421/apush-ch28-flash-cards/ (Related) Suez crisis (1956) international crisis launched when Egyptian President Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal, which had been owned mostly by French and British stockholders. This crisis failed without aid from the United States and marked an important turning point in the post-colonial Middle East and highlighted the rising importance of oil in world affairs https://quizlet.com/908421/apush-ch28-flash-cards/ (Related) Suez Crisis July 26, 1956, Nasser (leader of Egypt) nationalized the Suez Canal, Oct. 29, British, French and Israeli forces attacked Egypt. UN forced British to withdraw; made it clear Britain was no longer a world power https://quizlet.com/908421/apush-ch28-flash-cards/ (Related) Suez crisis gravest crisis for Eisenhower; 1956 Egyptian leader Gamal Nassar seized Suez Canal; ENG/FRA invaded Egypt and seized canal; Eisenhower opposed intervention and called for UN resolution; ENG/FRA eventually ended invasion; voters reelected Eisenhower; US replaced ENG and FRA as main Western influence in Middle East https://quizlet.com/908421/apush-ch28-flash-cards/ Eisenhower Doctrine Pledged US forces to Middle Eastern countries facing Communist pressures https://quizlet.com/11078066/apush-ch-37-the-eisenhower-era-flash-cards/ (Related) Eisenhower Doctrine pledges U.S. military and economic aid to Middle Eastern nations threatened by communist aggression. https://quizlet.com/11078066/apush-ch-37-the-eisenhower-era-flash-cards/ (Related) Eisenhower Doctrine try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) The Eisenhower Doctrine, given in a message to Congress on January 5, 1957, was the foreign policy of US President Dwight D. Eisenhower. The doctrine stated that the United States would use armed forces upon request in response to imminent or actual aggression to the United States. Furthermore, countries that took stances opposed to Communism would be given aid in various forms. https://quizlet.com/11078066/apush-ch-37-the-eisenhower-era-flash-cards/ (Related) Eisenhower Doctrine Much like the Truman Doctrine, this doctrine was meant to provide financial assistance to free nations under communist threat. However, this particular doctrine was pointed at the Middle East https://quizlet.com/11078066/apush-ch-37-the-eisenhower-era-flash-cards/ (Related) 28. Eisenhower Doctrine Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) Arab nations of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iraq and Iran joined Venezuela to form OPEC in 1960, E doctrine US pledged econ and military aid to any ME country threatened by communism, sent troops to prevent a civil war in Lebanon b/w Christians and Muslims in Lebanon https://quizlet.com/11078066/apush-ch-37-the-eisenhower-era-flash-cards/ Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) Cartel comprising Middle Eastern states and Venezuela first organized in 1960. OPEC aimed to control access to and prices of oil, wresting power from Western oil companies and investors. In the process, it gradually strengthened the hand of non-Western powers on the world stage. (961) https://quizlet.com/79263435/apush-chapter-29-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) cartel formed in 1960 by the Persian Gulf states and other oil-rich developing countries that allowed its members to exert greater control over the price of oil https://quizlet.com/79263435/apush-chapter-29-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Organization of Petroleum Exporting countries (OPEC) an intergovernmental organization of twelve developing countries, with a principal goal of determining the best means for safeguarding the organization's interests, individually and collectively. https://quizlet.com/79263435/apush-chapter-29-vocab-flash-cards/ Sweatt V. Painter, 1950 Supreme Court case stating that the attempt to create a segregated UT Law School was unconstitutional under the Equal Protection Clause https://quizlet.com/11108898/apush-eisenhower-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Sweatt v. Painter (1950) Segregated law school in Texas was held to be an illegal violation of civil rights, leading to open enrollment. The Court ruled that separate professional schools for blacks failed to meet the test of equality. https://quizlet.com/11108898/apush-eisenhower-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Sweatt v. Painter (1950) -ruled that blacks must be allowed to attend integrated law schools in OK and TX https://quizlet.com/11108898/apush-eisenhower-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Sweatt v. Painter 1950 Challenged "separate but equal" doctrine of racial segregation. African American Heman Sweatt was refused admission to the University of Texas by president Theophilus Painter https://quizlet.com/11108898/apush-eisenhower-vocab-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) How would you describe the role of the Warren Court on society and American politics? Applied the Bill of Rights to the states under the 14th Amendment, gave more power to the federal government, expanded civil rights and civil liberties (more rights to the accused) https://quizlet.com/82812243/apush-warren-court-cases-flash-cards/ (Related) The Warren Court Court created when Eisenhower appointed the previously conservative Earl Warren as chief justice over William J. Brennan Jr. The court became a vehicle for social change and advocate for individual rights. https://quizlet.com/82812243/apush-warren-court-cases-flash-cards/ Brown v. Board of Education the 1954 supreme court decision holding that school segregation in topeka, kansas, was inherently unconstitutional because it violated the 14th amendment's guarantee of equal protection. this case marked the end of legal segregation in the us. https://quizlet.com/10392790/apush-supreme-court-cases-flash-cards/ (Related) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka The Supreme Court reversed Plessy v. Ferguson in 1954 by ruling in favor of the desegregation of schools. The court held that "separate but equal" violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and was unconstitutional. Refusing to force the white south to accept the ruling, defiance toward the law sprang up. Many southerners saw it as "an abuse of judiciary power." https://quizlet.com/10392790/apush-supreme-court-cases-flash-cards/ (Related) Brown v. Board of Education (1954) *Equal ProtectionWhether black youths were being deprived of equal protection by the law. Court rejects 'separate but equal' and declares it unconstitutional. https://quizlet.com/10392790/apush-supreme-court-cases-flash-cards/ (Related) Brown v. board of education of topeka 1954 supreme court ruling reversing the policy of segregation, declaring that seperate can never be equal and a year later ordered the integration of all public schools with all deliberate speed society became less racist https://quizlet.com/10392790/apush-supreme-court-cases-flash-cards/ Montgomery bus Boycott In 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus, Dr. Martin L. King led a boycott of city busses. After 11 months the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public transportation was illegal. https://quizlet.com/15304048/chapter-27-terms-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Montgomery Bus Boycott In 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus, Dr. Martin L. King led a boycott of city busses. After 11 months the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public transportation was illegal. https://quizlet.com/15304048/chapter-27-terms-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Montgomery Bus Boycott After Rosa Parks is arrested, MLK rallies the black community to do this. This seriously hurt the bus companies. This lasted more than a year, and ended in '56 when the SC declared segregated buses unconstitutional. https://quizlet.com/15304048/chapter-27-terms-apush-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Montgomery Bus Boycott In 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus, Dr. Martin L. King led a boycott of city busses. After 11 months the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public transportation was illegal. https://quizlet.com/15304048/chapter-27-terms-apush-flash-cards/ Martin Luther King, Jr. -Reverend at Montgomery's Dexter Avenue Baptist Church-Great oratorical skill, passionate devotion to biblical and constitutional conceptions of justice, and devotion to nonviolent principles of Gandhi thrust him to the forefront of the Civil Rights movement-Formed the SCLC https://quizlet.com/79951984/apush-chapter-29-flash-cards/ Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) 1957 Aimed to mobilize the vast power of the black churches on behalf of black rights. https://quizlet.com/38502395/apush-ch-27-ids-flash-cards/ (Related) Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) -Organization formed by MLK in 1957-Aimed to mobilize the vast power of the black churches on behalf of black rights-Trained and tested African Americans for ability to remain calm so they could participate nonviolently in marches and "sit ins" https://quizlet.com/38502395/apush-ch-27-ids-flash-cards/ (Related) Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) Civil Rights organization made up mostly of black clergy, established in 1957 to coordinate local protests against segregation and disfranchisement. MLK Jr. became its head and Ella baker its key organizer. https://quizlet.com/38502395/apush-ch-27-ids-flash-cards/ Freedom riders Group of civil rights workers who took bus trips through southern states in 1961 to protest illegal bus segregation. https://quizlet.com/79048689/apush-chapter-38-key-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Freedom Riders Group of civil rights workers who took bus trips through southern states in 1961 to protest illegal bus segregation https://quizlet.com/79048689/apush-chapter-38-key-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Freedom Riders (1961) organized mixed-race groups who rode interstate buses deep into the South to draw attention to and protest racial segregation, beginning in 1961. This effort by northern young people to challenge racism proved a political and public relations success for the Civil Rights Movement https://quizlet.com/79048689/apush-chapter-38-key-terms-flash-cards/ (Related) Freedom Riders Civil Rights activists who traveled across the South on a crusade to end segregation in facilities serving interstate bus passengers; their efforts were frequently met with protests and violence; when southern officials failed to come to their aid, JFK dispatched federal marshals to protect the riders. https://quizlet.com/79048689/apush-chapter-38-key-terms-flash-cards/ Freedom Summer In 1964, when blacks and whites together challenged segregation and led a massive drive to register blacks to vote. try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) https://quizlet.com/10940069/apush-ch-28-review-flash-cards/ (Related) Freedom Summer Massive voter registration drive held in Mississippi in 1964 and staffed by both black and white civil rights workers; struck by brutal violence when three workers were found murdered; white juries refused to convict the alleged perpetrators; in the end, only a handful of black Mississippians succeeded in registering to vote. https://quizlet.com/10940069/apush-ch-28-review-flash-cards/ (Related) Freedom Summer (1964) a voter registration drive in Mississippi spearheaded by the collaboration of civil rights groups, the campaign drew the activism of thousands of black and white civil rights workers, many of whom were students from the north, and was marred by the abduction and murder of three such workers at the hands of white racists https://quizlet.com/10940069/apush-ch-28-review-flash-cards/ (Related) Freedom Summer a campaign in the United States launched in June 1964 to attempt to register as many African American voters as possible in Mississippi, which up to that time had almost totally excluded black voters. The project was organized by the Council of Federated Organizations (COFO), a coalition of four established civil rights organizations: the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), with SNCC playing the lead role. https://quizlet.com/10940069/apush-ch-28-review-flash-cards/ (Related) Freedom Summer A campaign in June 1964 to attempt to register as many African American voters as possible in Mississippi, which up to that time had almost totally excluded black voters. Organized by CORE, SNCC, NAACP etc. https://quizlet.com/10940069/apush-ch-28-review-flash-cards/ Operation Wetback (1954) A government program to roundup and deport as many as one million illegal Mexican migrant workers in the United States. The program was promoted in part by the Mexican government and reflected burgeoning concerns about non-European immigration to America. (957) https://quizlet.com/10142295/3-apush-chapter-37-vocabulary-flash-cards/ (Related) operation wetback deportation of illegal Mexican immigrants (end of bracero program) https://quizlet.com/10142295/3-apush-chapter-37-vocabulary-flash-cards/ (Related) Operation Wetback was an immigration law enforcement initiative created by Director of the Immigration and Naturalization Service Joseph Swing. The program was implemented in May of 1954 by the U.S. Attorney General Herbert Brownell, and utilized special tactics to combat the problem of illegal border crossing and residence in the United States by Mexican nationals. [1] Ultimately, the program came as a result of pressure from the Mexican government to stop illegal entry of Mexican Laborers in the United States based largely on the Bracero Program. After implementation, Operation Wetback was met with allegations of abuse and suspension of certain civil rights of Mexicans that were captured and deported by U.S. Border Patrol. [2] https://quizlet.com/10142295/3-apush-chapter-37-vocabulary-flash-cards/ (Related) Operation Wetback Massive roundup of one million illegal Mexican immigrants; a response to the Mexican government's concerns that illegal immigration would undercut the bracero program. try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) https://quizlet.com/10142295/3-apush-chapter-37-vocabulary-flash-cards/ (Related) Operation Wetback (1954) a government program to roudup and deport as many as one million illegal Mexican migrant workers in the United States. The program was promoted in part by the Mexican government and reflected burgeoning concerns about non-European immigration fo America https://quizlet.com/10142295/3-apush-chapter-37-vocabulary-flash-cards/ Jack Kerouac "On the Road"; first to use the term 'Beat Generation'; experience of the Beat experiece of America https://quizlet.com/42753706/chapter-37-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Jack Kerouac A key author of the Beat movement whose best selling novel, "On the Road," helped define the movement with it's featured frenzied prose and plotless ramblings. https://quizlet.com/42753706/chapter-37-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Jack Kerouac wrote On the Road; set the tone for beat movement https://quizlet.com/42753706/chapter-37-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Jack Kerouac, On the Road He produced what may have been known the bible of the Beat Generation. His novel was an account of a cross-country automobile trip that depicted the rootless, iconoclastic lifestyle of Kerouac and his friends. https://quizlet.com/42753706/chapter-37-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) jack kerouac/ on the road produced the most popular document of the Beat Generation in his novel, which was an account of a cross-country automobile trip that depicted the rootless, iconoclastic lifestyle of Kerouac and his friends. https://quizlet.com/42753706/chapter-37-apush-flash-cards/ Consumerism concentration on producing and distributing goods for a market which must constantly be enlarged https://quizlet.com/63161779/apush-1920s-the-modern-era-vocabulary-flash-cards/ (Related) Growth of mass consumption/ Consumerism in the 1920s, an increasing # of americans could buy things not only for subsistence, but also for pleasure. Middle (and upper) class people, esp. women, purchased home appliances (revolutionized housework), accessories, cosmetics, mass-produced fashions, and above all, automobiles. https://quizlet.com/63161779/apush-1920s-the-modern-era-vocabulary-flash-cards/ (Related) Consumerism electricity enabled millions of Americans to purchase new appliances, automobiles, advertising expanded as shops could appeal to status and popularity of products, customers bought on CREDIT https://quizlet.com/63161779/apush-1920s-the-modern-era-vocabulary-flash-cards/ (Related) consumerism a movement advocating greater protection of the interests of consumers https://quizlet.com/63161779/apush-1920s-the-modern-era-vocabulary-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) consumerism promotion of interest of consumers; 1920s consumerism increased and so did spending & advertising https://quizlet.com/63161779/apush-1920s-the-modern-era-vocabulary-flash-cards/ Election of 1960 Kennedy vs. Nixon, Kennedy (due to televised charisma) won over Nixon (pale and nervous) https://quizlet.com/1978669/apush-chapter-39-flash-cards/ New Frontier The campaign program advocated by JFK in the 1960 election. He promised to revitalize the stagnant economy and enact reform legislation in education, health care, and civil rights. https://quizlet.com/12274561/apush-ch-38-flash-cards/ (Related) New Frontier Kennedy's plan, supports civil rights, pushes for a space program, wans to cut taxes, and increase spending for defense and military https://quizlet.com/12274561/apush-ch-38-flash-cards/ (Related) New Frontier The campaign program advocated by JFK in the 1960 election. He promised to revitalize the stagnant economy and enact reform legislation in education, health care, and civil rights. https://quizlet.com/12274561/apush-ch-38-flash-cards/ (Related) New Frontier (1961-1963) President Kennedy's nickname for his domestic policy agenda. Buoyed by youthful optimism, the program included proposals for the Peace Corps and efforts to improve education and health care https://quizlet.com/12274561/apush-ch-38-flash-cards/ (Related) What was new about the New Frontier? The 1960s would bring a sexual revolution, a civil rightsrevolution, the emergence of a "youth culture," adevastating war in Vietnam, and the beginnings of a feminist revolution. JFK delivered a stirring inaugural address ("Ask not, what your country can do for you..."), and he also assembled a very young cabinet, including his brother, Robert Kennedy, as attorney general. Robert Kennedy tried to recast the priorities of the FBI, but was resisted by J. Edgar Hoover. Business whiz Robert S. McNamara took over the Defense Department. Early on, JFK proposed the Peace Corps, an army of idealist and mostly youthful volunteers to bring American skills to underdeveloped countries. https://quizlet.com/12274561/apush-ch-38-flash-cards/ (Related) Assess the effectiveness of New Frontier domestic policies. JFK did expand the House Rules Committee, but his program didn't expand quickly, as medical and education bills remained stalled in Congress. JFK also had to keep a lid on inflation and maintain a good economy. However, almost immediately into his term, steel management announced great price increases, igniting the fury of the president, but JFK also earned fiery attacks by big business against the New Frontier. https://quizlet.com/12274561/apush-ch-38-flash-cards/ Alliance for Progress was dubbed the"Marshall Plan for Latin America," and it aimed to closethe rich-poor gap in Latin American and thus stem communism https://quizlet.com/4862768/apush-38-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Alliance for Progress Alliance of Progress - this was a Marshall Plan for Latin America that was suggested by President Kennedy to help the Good Neighbors close the gap between the rich and the poor and to help quiet the communist agitation. It was unsuccessful because there was little alliance and no progress. https://quizlet.com/4862768/apush-38-flash-cards/ (Related) Alliance for progress a program in which the United States tried to help Latin American countries overcome poverty and other problems, 1961-63; JFK economic policy towards S.America, 10 yr. development plan where JFK promised Latin Amer. leaders that U.S. would https://quizlet.com/4862768/apush-38-flash-cards/ (Related) Alliance for Progress The Alliance was a "Marshall Plan" for Latin America. Its purpose was to strengthen democracy and give economic aid to help the region resist communism. • The program, which provided loans and aid from the United States and the international financial community, built some schools and hospitals, but by the early 1970s it was widely viewed as a failure. https://quizlet.com/4862768/apush-38-flash-cards/ (Related) Alliance for Progress this was a Marshall Plan for Latin America that was suggested by President Kennedy to help the Good Neighbors close the gap between the rich and the poor and to help quiet the communist agitation. It was unsuccessful because there was little alliance and no progress. https://quizlet.com/4862768/apush-38-flash-cards/ Bay of Pigs Invasion Failed plot to remove Fidel Castro from power by sending twelve hundred anticommunist exiles to invade Cuba; the invasion was unsuccessful and the band of exiles was forced to surrender. https://quizlet.com/2143482/apush-unit-16-ids-flash-cards/ (Related) Bay of Pigs invasion (1961) CIA plot in 1961 to overthrow Fidel Castro by training Cuban exiles to invade and supporting them with American air power; the mission failed and became a public relations disaster early in JFK's presidency https://quizlet.com/2143482/apush-unit-16-ids-flash-cards/ Cuban Missile Crisis an international crisis in October 1962, the closest approach to nuclear war at any time between the U.S. and the USSR. When the U.S. discovered Soviet nuclear missiles on Cuba, President John F. Kennedy demanded their removal and announced a naval blockade of the island; the Soviet leader Khrushchev agreed to the U.S. demands a week later. We also removed nuclear missiles in Cuba. The crisis was the closest the world came to nuclear war. https://quizlet.com/2180374/apush-ch-39-flash-cards/ (Related) Cuban Missile Crisis In October 1962, the United States and the Soviet Union came close to nuclear war when President Kennedy insisted that Nikita Khrushchev (leader of the USSR) remove the 42 missiles he had secretly inserted in Cuba. The Soviets eventually did so, nuclear war was averted, and the crisis ended. https://quizlet.com/2180374/apush-ch-39-flash-cards/ (Related) Cuban Missile Crisis The Cuban Missile Crisis was an incident where Soviet missiles were placed in Cuba as a response for help. The event greatly increased tensions between the Soviets and the try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) Americans. As a result, a hotline was established between the two nations to avoid any accidents. https://quizlet.com/2180374/apush-ch-39-flash-cards/ (Related) Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) To compensate for the fact that the US has a massive stockpile of military technology that the Soviets simply cannot hope to match, Khrushchev orders 60 missiles to be brought into Cuba. American U2 planes observe launch pads and report back, immediately drawing concern. Quarantine immediately enacted around Cuba to prevent any more missiles from coming in and JFK demands that the missiles be removed. He is met with two letters, one very belligerent and the other more compromising. He decides to ignore the feisty one. Khrushchev and JFK come to the agreement that the missiles in Cuba will be removed as long as the US promises to forgo any further plans to invade Cuba or overthrow Castro as well as remove the missiles from Turkey. While JFK made a big deal about complying with the first part of the terms, the second was done under the table to preserve the strong American image. https://quizlet.com/2180374/apush-ch-39-flash-cards/ (Related) Cuban Missile crisis 1962 USSR installed missiles in Cuba. JFK threatened a full scale attack; instead delivered a public ultimatum to the Soviets. Soviets agree to withdraw missiles and Kennedy agree to keep Castro in power and withdraw missiles in Turkey https://quizlet.com/2180374/apush-ch-39-flash-cards/ Flexible Response the buildup of conventional troops and weapons to allow a nation to fight a limited war without using nuclear weapons https://quizlet.com/5163925/apush-chapter-38-39-flash-cards/ (Related) Flexible Response the buildup of conventional troops and weapons to allow a nation to fight a limited war without using nuclear weapons https://quizlet.com/5163925/apush-chapter-38-39-flash-cards/ (Related) Why did Kennedy believe that a policy of flexible response could better meet the foreign problems of the 1960's? Defense Secretary McNamara pushed a strategy of "flexible response," which developed an array of military options that could match the gravity of whatever crises came to hand. One of these was the Green Berets, AKA, the "Special Forces". https://quizlet.com/5163925/apush-chapter-38-39-flash-cards/ (Related) Flexible Response the buildup of conventional troops and weapons to allow a nation to fight a limited war without using nuclear weapons https://quizlet.com/5163925/apush-chapter-38-39-flash-cards/ (Related) Why was it difficult to use flexible response to deal with the situation in South Vietnam? Defense Secretary McNamara pushed a strategy of "flexible response," which developed an array of military options that could match the gravity of whatever crises came to hand. One of these was the Green Berets, AKA, the "Special Forces". https://quizlet.com/5163925/apush-chapter-38-39-flash-cards/ (Related) Flexible Response First goal of JFK admin was to build up nation's armed forces warning that the Soviets were opening a missile gap. Already, the US had a great nuclear arsenal but the new admin wanted to put the Sovieys on the defensive so they increased their arsenal which created, if it ever happened, a successful first strike. JFK admin augmented conventional military try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) strength. Sec of Defense McNamara developed plans to add 5-combat ready army divisions and JFK started to like coutnerinsurgency. JFK wanted to build up the nuclear weapons so the US could call on a wide spectrum of force for a communist threat. Only danger was that the US could test its strength against Soviet Union. https://quizlet.com/5163925/apush-chapter-38-39-flash-cards/ (Related) Flexible Response President Kennedy revised the Eisenhower military doctrine of massive retaliation that relied on nuclear threats to this new doctrine that put more emphasis on conventional forces and counterinsurgency warfare https://quizlet.com/5163925/apush-chapter-38-39-flash-cards/ (Related) Flexible Response Kennedy's plan to deal with foreign powers by not always resorting to nuclear weapons but using specialist like the Green Beret https://quizlet.com/5163925/apush-chapter-38-39-flash-cards/ The Other America This novel was an influential study of the poverty in the U.S., published by Michael Harrington & it was the driving force behind the "war on poverty." 1/5 of the U.S. was living below the poverty line. https://quizlet.com/11174135/apush-chapter-38-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Michael Harrington's The Other America (1962) The book that inspires LBJ to create the Great Society: emphasizes the idea is that poverty still exists in the US. https://quizlet.com/11174135/apush-chapter-38-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) The Other America 1962, written by Michael Harrington;poignant and influential report on poverty in America;the book played an important role in awakening JFK's interest in the poor and showed the way for LBJ's War on Poverty. https://quizlet.com/11174135/apush-chapter-38-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) The Other America (1962)-This novel was an influential study of poverty in the U.S, published by Michael Harrington & it was a driving force behind the "war on poverty." 1/5 of U.S was living below poverty line. https://quizlet.com/11174135/apush-chapter-38-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) The Other America, 1962 Michael Harrington This novel was an influential study of poverty in the U.S, published which was a driving force behind the "war on poverty." Claimed that one-fifth of U.S. citizens were living below poverty line. https://quizlet.com/11174135/apush-chapter-38-vocab-flash-cards/ Silent Spring A book written (Rachel Carson) to voice the concerns of environmentalists. Launched the environmentalist movement by pointing out the effects of civilization development. https://quizlet.com/4875046/apush-chapter-39-2-flash-cards/ (Related) 1485. Rachel Carson, Silent Spring An American marine biologist wrote in 1962 about her suspicion that the pesticide DDT, by entering the food chain and eventually concentrating in higher animals, caused reproductive dysfunctions. In 1973, DDT was banned in the U.S. except for use in extreme health emergencies. try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) https://quizlet.com/4875046/apush-chapter-39-2-flash-cards/ Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) an agency of the federal government of the United States charged with protecting human health and the environment, by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress. The EPA was proposed by President Richard Nixon https://quizlet.com/2030599/apush-chapter-40-flash-cards/ Civil Rights Act of 1964 This act made racial, religious, and sex discrimination by employers illegal and gave the government the power to enforce all laws governing civil rights, including desegregation of schools and public places. https://quizlet.com/77393052/ch-28-civil-rights-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Civil Rights Act of 1964 Passed by LBJ, outlawed public segreg and discrim, forbade racial discrim in the workplace https://quizlet.com/77393052/ch-28-civil-rights-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Civil Rights Act of 1964 Passed by LBJ, outlawed public segreg and discrim, forbade racial discrim in the workplace https://quizlet.com/77393052/ch-28-civil-rights-apush-flash-cards/ (Related) Civil Rights Act of 1964 This act made racial, religious, and sex discrimination by employers illegal and gave the government the power to enforce all laws governing civil rights, including desegregation of schools and public places. https://quizlet.com/77393052/ch-28-civil-rights-apush-flash-cards/ 24th Amendment eliminated poll tax as a prerequisite to vote https://quizlet.com/4035813/apush-flash-cards/ (Related) 24th Amendment Poll taxes prohibited. The right to vote cannot be denied based on the paying or non-paying of a poll tax. (1964) https://quizlet.com/4035813/apush-flash-cards/ (Related) 24th Amendment prohibited states from requiring payment of a poll tax as a condition for voting in federal elections https://quizlet.com/4035813/apush-flash-cards/ (Related) 24th amendment Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1964) eliminated the poll tax as a prerequisite to vote in national elections. https://quizlet.com/4035813/apush-flash-cards/ (Related) 24th Amendment 1964Poll tax abolished.Congress has the power to enforce this via legislation. https://quizlet.com/4035813/apush-flash-cards/ Voting Rights Act of 1965 try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) a law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African American suffrage. Under the law, hundreds of thousands of African Americans were registered and the number of African American elected officials increased dramatically. https://quizlet.com/9793183/apush-ch-29-civil-rights-vietnam-and-the-ordeal-of-liberalismflash-cards/ (Related) Voting Rights Act of 1965 1965; invalidated the use of any test or device to deny the vote and authorized federal examiners to register voters in states that had disenfranchised blacks; as more blacks became politically active and elected black representatives, it rboguth jobs, contracts, and facilities and services for the black community, encouraging greater social equality and decreasing the wealth and education gap https://quizlet.com/9793183/apush-ch-29-civil-rights-vietnam-and-the-ordeal-of-liberalismflash-cards/ (Related) Voting Rights Act of 1965 effectively banned literacy tests for voting rights and provided for federal registrars to assure the franchise to minority voters https://quizlet.com/9793183/apush-ch-29-civil-rights-vietnam-and-the-ordeal-of-liberalismflash-cards/ March on Washington (1963) massive civil rights demonstration in August 1963 in support of Kennedy-backed legislation to secure legal proections for American blacks. One of the most visually impressive manifestations of the Civil Rights Movement, it was the occasion of Martin Luther King's famous "I Have a Dream" speech https://quizlet.com/21986159/russell-apush-1920s-flash-cards/ (Related) March on Washington Peaceful demonstration led by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr, and attended by 200,000 black and white supporters, in August 1963 at the Lincoln Memorial; King gave his legendary "I Have a Dream" speech, calling for civil rights legislation and an end to racial discrimination. https://quizlet.com/21986159/russell-apush-1920s-flash-cards/ (Related) March on Washington In August 1963, civil rights leaders organized a massive rally in Washington to urge passage of President Kennedy's civil rights bill. The high point came when MLK Jr., gave his "I Have a Dream" speech to more than 200,000 marchers in front of the Lincoln Memorial. https://quizlet.com/21986159/russell-apush-1920s-flash-cards/ (Related) March on Washington a large political rally that took place in Washington, D.C. on August 28, 1963. Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his historic "I Have a Dream" speech advocating racial harmony at the Lincoln Memorial during the march. widely credited as helping lead to the Civil Rights Act (1964) and the National Voting Rights Act (1965). 80% of the marchers were black. a. Philip Randolph. https://quizlet.com/21986159/russell-apush-1920s-flash-cards/ (Related) KKK March on Washington attended by thousands upon thousands of people, the KKK marched through the streets of Washington wrapped in American flags, illustrating just how much control they had over the political system. https://quizlet.com/21986159/russell-apush-1920s-flash-cards/ Malcolm X Minister of the Nation of Islam, urged blacks to claim their rights by any means necessary, more radical than other civil rights leaders of the time. try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) https://quizlet.com/2048462/apush-ch-29-flash-cards/ (Related) Malcolm X Malcolm X was a Black Muslim minister in the Nation of Islam and an influential black leader who moved away from King's non-violent methods of civil disobedience. • Malcolm X converted to Islam while he was in prison.• He spilt with the Black Muslim movement and formed the Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU) which attracted thousands of young, urban blacks with its message of socialism and self-help. • He initially advocated nationalism, self-defense, and racial separation. • After a pilgrimage to Mecca, he began publicly accepting the idea of cooperation between blacks and whites. • Malcolm X was assassinated in 1965 while giving a speech in New York City. The assassins were said to be Black Muslims, although this was never proved. https://quizlet.com/2048462/apush-ch-29-flash-cards/ (Related) Malcolm X He was a member of the Black Muslims and the Black Power movement. His wanted to find equality for black Americans using "any means necessary," and to separate, not integrate, blacks and whites. Later in life he changed his views about working with white America and was assassinated in 1965 https://quizlet.com/2048462/apush-ch-29-flash-cards/ Black Panther party organization of armed black militants formed in Oakland, California, in 1966 to protect black rights. They represented a growing dissatisfaction with the non-violent wing of the civil rights movement, and signaled a new direction to that movement after the legislative victories of 1964-1965 https://quizlet.com/22135795/apush-chapter-38-flash-cards/ (Related) Black Panther Party A group formed in 1966, inspired by the idea of Black Power, that provided aid to black neighborhoods; often thought of as radical or violent. https://quizlet.com/22135795/apush-chapter-38-flash-cards/ (Related) Black Panther Party Militant black power organization; openly brandished weapons on the streets of Oakland, California; their actions contrasted with the nonviolent tactics of Dr. King. https://quizlet.com/22135795/apush-chapter-38-flash-cards/ (Related) Black Panther Party A group formed in 1966, inspired by the idea of Black Power, that provided aid to black neighborhoods; often thought of as radical or violent. https://quizlet.com/22135795/apush-chapter-38-flash-cards/ Griswold v. Connecticut -Supreme Court case in 1965-Struck down a state law that prohibited the use of contraceptives-Proclaimed a "right of privacy" that soon provided the basis for decisions protecting women's abortion rights https://quizlet.com/41082883/apush-40-flash-cards/ (Related) Griswold v. Connecticut struck down a state law that banned the use of contraceptives, even by married couples, creating a "right to privacy." https://quizlet.com/41082883/apush-40-flash-cards/ (Related) In Griswold v. Connecticut (1962), Supreme Court upheld a married couple's right to use contraceptives based on try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) - "a right of privacy" (p.952) https://quizlet.com/41082883/apush-40-flash-cards/ (Related) Griswold v. Connecticut A court that turned down the state law that prohibited thee of contraceptives(single and married) due to a proclaimed "right of privacy." https://quizlet.com/41082883/apush-40-flash-cards/ Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) Founded in 1962, the SDS was a popular college student organization that protested shortcomings in American life, notably racial injustice and the Vietnam War. It led thousands of campus protests before it split apart at the end of the 1960s. https://quizlet.com/22681759/apush-chapter-30-flash-cards/ (Related) Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) College students who expressed disgust with illusionment of American society. https://quizlet.com/22681759/apush-chapter-30-flash-cards/ (Related) Students for a Democratic Society founded in Michigan 1962; radical organization wanted to rid American society of poverty, racism, and violence; embraced liberal reforms; advocated participator democracy; individual > group https://quizlet.com/22681759/apush-chapter-30-flash-cards/ (Related) Students for a Democratic Society Founded in 1962, the SDS was a popular college student organization that protested shortcomings in American life, notably racial injustice and the Vietnam War. It led thousands of campus protests before it split apart at the end of the 1960s. https://quizlet.com/22681759/apush-chapter-30-flash-cards/ (Related) Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) Founded in 1962, the SDS was a popular college student organization that protested shortcomings in American life, notably racial injustice and the Vietnam War. It led thousands of campus protests before it split apart at the end of the 1960s. https://quizlet.com/22681759/apush-chapter-30-flash-cards/ The Feminine Mystique Classic feminist protest literature, written by Betty Friedan, that helped launch the modern women's movement; an indictment of the "stifling boredom" of suburban housewifery. https://quizlet.com/2037663/chapter-37-flash-cards/ (Related) The Feminine Mystique (1963) Best-selling book by feminist thinker Betty Friedan. This work challenged women to move beyond the drudgery of suburban housewifery and helped launch what would become second-wave feminism. (945) https://quizlet.com/2037663/chapter-37-flash-cards/ (Related) The Feminine Mystique 1963 - Betty Friedan depicted how difficult a woman's life is because she doesn't think about herself, only her family. It said that middle-class society stifled women and didn't let them use their talents. Attacked the "cult of domesticity." https://quizlet.com/2037663/chapter-37-flash-cards/ gulf of tonkin resolution try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was a joint resolution of the U.S. Congress passed on August 7, 1964 in direct response to a minor naval engagement known as the Gulf of Tonkin Incident. It is of historical significance because it gave U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson authorization, without a formal declaration of war by Congress, for the use of military force in Southeast Asia. https://quizlet.com/80157411/apush-review-part-45-kennedy-to-gulf-of-tonkin-resolutionflash-cards/ (Related) Gulf of Tonkin Resolution The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was a joint resolution of the U.S. Congress passed on August 7, 1964 in direct response to a minor naval engagement known as the Gulf of Tonkin Incident. It is of historical significance because it gave U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson authorization, without a formal declaration of war by Congress, for the use of military force in Southeast Asia. https://quizlet.com/80157411/apush-review-part-45-kennedy-to-gulf-of-tonkin-resolutionflash-cards/ (Related) Gulf of Tonkin Resolution This increased the power of the executive branch to engage in the Vietnam war. It was later discovered that the u.S. destroyers had actually been assisting the South Vietnamese in attacking their northern neighbor and, thus, the attacks were not "unprovoked". https://quizlet.com/80157411/apush-review-part-45-kennedy-to-gulf-of-tonkin-resolutionflash-cards/ (Related) Gulf of Tonkin Resolution A joint resolution of the U.S. Congress passed on August 7, 1964 in direct response to a minor naval engagement known as the Gulf of Tonkin Incident. It is of historical significance because it gave U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson authorization, without a formal declaration of war by Congress, for the use of military force in Southeast Asia. https://quizlet.com/80157411/apush-review-part-45-kennedy-to-gulf-of-tonkin-resolutionflash-cards/ Tet offensive 1968; National Liberation Front and North Vietnamese forces launched a huge attack on the Vietnamese New Year (Tet), which was defeated after a month of fighting and many thousands of casualties; major defeat for communism, but Americans reacted sharply, with declining approval of LBJ and more anti-war sentiment https://quizlet.com/10949983/apush-unit-8-part-2-flash-cards/ (Related) Tet Offensive 1968; National Liberation Front and North Vietnamese forces launched a huge attack on the Vietnamese New Year (Tet), which was defeated after a month of fighting and many thousands of casualties; major defeat for communism, but Americans reacted sharply, with declining approval of LBJ and more anti-war sentiment https://quizlet.com/10949983/apush-unit-8-part-2-flash-cards/ (Related) Tet Offensive 1968; National Liberation Front and North Vietnamese forces launched a huge attack on the Vietnamese New Year (Tet), which was defeated after a month of fighting and many thousands of casualties; major defeat for communism, but Americans reacted sharply, with declining approval of LBJ and more anti-war sentiment https://quizlet.com/10949983/apush-unit-8-part-2-flash-cards/ (Related) Tet Offensive The name given to a campaign in January 1968 by the Viet Cong to attack twenty-seven South Vietnamese cities, including Saigon. It ended in a military defeat for the Viet Cong, but at the same time, proved that Johnson's "gradual escalation" strategy was not working, shocking an American public that believed the Vietnam conflict was a sure victory try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) https://quizlet.com/10949983/apush-unit-8-part-2-flash-cards/ (Related) Tet Offensive In February 1968, the Viet Cong (communist guerrillas) in South Vietnam launched a major offensive, hoping to provoke widespread rebellion in the country. The effort failed, but the psychological impact on South Vietnam and the United States made it a great victory for the Viet Cong and North Vietnam. The United States thereafter reversed its policy of escalation and began a policy of Vietnamization of the war https://quizlet.com/10949983/apush-unit-8-part-2-flash-cards/ credibility gap the gap between what the government said (the war is going great) and the reality (it wasn't). https://quizlet.com/21272213/apush-ch-38-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Credibility Gap This was the gap between the people and the government that grew as the people became disillusioned with the Vietnam war and Watergate. https://quizlet.com/21272213/apush-ch-38-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Credibility Gap This was the gap between the people and the government that grew as the people became disillusioned with the Vietnam war and Watergate. https://quizlet.com/21272213/apush-ch-38-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Credibility Gap A lack of popular confidence in the truth of the claims or public statements made by the federal government, large corporations, politicians, etc. https://quizlet.com/21272213/apush-ch-38-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Credibility Gap This was the gap between the people and the government that grew as the people became disillusioned with the Vietnam war and Watergate. https://quizlet.com/21272213/apush-ch-38-vocab-flash-cards/ Election of 1968 - divided demo pt because of crap going on in Vietnam/LA/Cold War- George Wallace - third party (American Independent Party); appealed to Americans upset by violence--- won 5 states, support in N states--- segregationist https://quizlet.com/76407368/apush-chapter-39-1968-1980-flash-cards/ (Related) 1968 election Richard Nixon (Rep), Hubert Humphrey (Dem), and George Wallace (Am. Independent); After all of the turbulent events of 1968, America experienced a conservative backlash. George Wallace gained support as a third-party candidate basing his campaign on conservative grievances. But Nixon, returning from a loss in the last election ran successfully on a vision of stability, law and order, government reattachment, and peace with honor in Vietnam. Despite a last minute serge by Humphrey, Nixon pulled out a slight victory. https://quizlet.com/76407368/apush-chapter-39-1968-1980-flash-cards/ (Related) 1968 "To some, 1968 was the year of sex, drugs, and rock and roll. Yet it was also the year of the Martin Luther King, Jr., and Bobby Kennedy assassinations; the riots at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago; Prague Spring; the antiwar movement and the Tet Offensive; Black Power; the generation gap; avant-garde theater; the upsurge of the women's movement; try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) and the beginning of the end for the Soviet Union" - 1968: The Year That Rocked the World, Mark Kurlansky https://quizlet.com/76407368/apush-chapter-39-1968-1980-flash-cards/ (Related) Democratic Convention 1968 In Chicago. Democratic delegates gathered to nominate Vice-president Hubert Humphrey while anti-war protestor gathered outside to take advantage of television coverage to get their message across. Delegates inside the convention were bitterly divided by war policies and there were charges of discrimination and tampering (made by supporters of George McGovern and Eugene McCarthy--two challengers to Humphrey). The hall was protected with barbed wire, and police officers to keep the protesters away. Police and protestors battled in the streets of Chicago. Consequences: Democrats were divided and lost the 1968 election, reforms to the nominated process (it had largely been in the hands of party leadership, but changed to primaries and caucuses), and the "Chicago Seven" were arrested and tried for rioting--many of them leaders of protest movements. https://quizlet.com/76407368/apush-chapter-39-1968-1980-flash-cards/ (Related) Election of 1968 At the end of a difficult year, the presidential election of 1968 was held. Republican candidate Richard Nixon appealed to a nation tired of violence and unrest. Nixon vowed he would end the Vietnam War and win peace. Democratic nominee, Hubert Humphrey, Johnson's vice president, seemed a continuation of the old politics. In the end, Richard Nixon won. https://quizlet.com/76407368/apush-chapter-39-1968-1980-flash-cards/ (Related) Civil Rights Act of 1968 Prohibited discrimination based on race, religion, sex & national origin in employment & housing. https://quizlet.com/76407368/apush-chapter-39-1968-1980-flash-cards/ (Related) My Lai Massacre of 1968 American troops brutally massacred innocent women and children in the village of My Lai. This illustrated the frustration and led to more opposition to the war. https://quizlet.com/76407368/apush-chapter-39-1968-1980-flash-cards/ (Related) 1968 Democratic Convention Held in a hotel in Chicago where delegates voted down a peace resolution and seemed ready to nominate John's former vice, Hubert Humphrey, when protesters gathered for a rally outside. Police beat/arrested them to break up the crowd as the violence was caught on film. The Democrats still elected Humphrey. https://quizlet.com/76407368/apush-chapter-39-1968-1980-flash-cards/ (Related) 1968 Election On November 5, 1968, the Republican nominee, former Vice President Richard Nixon won the election over the Democratic nominee, Vice President Hubert Humphrey. The election also featured a strong third party effort by former Alabama Governor George Wallace. Because Wallace's campaign promoted segregation, he proved to be a formidable candidate in the South; no third-party candidate has won an entire state's electoral votes since. https://quizlet.com/76407368/apush-chapter-39-1968-1980-flash-cards/ Henry Kissinger As Nixon's national security advisor he met secretly with North Vietnamese officials to negotiate peace; later, as Secretary of State, he aided the Israelis, who were under attack from Soviet-armed Syrians and Egyptians. https://quizlet.com/5293132/apush-ch-39-flash-cards/ (Related) Henry Kissinger try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) Nixon's national security adviser. He and his family escaped Hitler's anti-Jewish persecutions. Former Harvard professor. In 1969, he had begun meeting secretly on Nixon's behalf with North Vietnamese officials in Paris to negotiate an end to the war in Vietnam. He was also preparing the president's path to Beijing and Moscow. https://quizlet.com/5293132/apush-ch-39-flash-cards/ (Related) Henry Kissinger National Security Advisor and Secretary of State during the Nixon Administration, he was responsible for negotiating an end to the Yom Kippur War as well as the Treaty of Paris that led to a ceasefire in Vietnam in 1973 https://quizlet.com/5293132/apush-ch-39-flash-cards/ (Related) Henry Kissinger A Harvard professor whom Nixon appointed as his special assistant for national security affairs. He quickly established dominance over Secretary of States and Defense. This man and Nixon set out to find an acceptable solution to the stalemate in Vietnam. https://quizlet.com/5293132/apush-ch-39-flash-cards/ Vietnamization President Richard Nixons strategy for ending U.S involvement in the vietnam war, involving a gradual withdrawl of American troops and replacement of them with South Vietnamese forces https://quizlet.com/5293132/apush-ch-39-flash-cards/ (Related) Vietnamization President Richard Nixons strategy for ending U.S involvement in the vietnam war, involving a gradual withdrawl of American troops and replacement of them with South Vietnamese forces https://quizlet.com/5293132/apush-ch-39-flash-cards/ (Related) Vietnamization Nixon's policy that involved withdrawing 540,000 US troops from South Vietnam over an extended period of time. It also included a gradual take over of the South Vietnamese taking responsibility of fighting their own war by American-provided money, weapons, training, and advice. https://quizlet.com/5293132/apush-ch-39-flash-cards/ (Related) Vietnamization Military strategy launched by Richard Nixon in 1969. The plan reduced the number of American combat troops in Vietnam and left more of the fighting to the South Vietnamese, who were supplied with American armor, tanks, and weaponry. https://quizlet.com/5293132/apush-ch-39-flash-cards/ (Related) Vietnamization President Nixon's policy to withdraw the 540,000 U.S. troops in South Vietnam over an extended period. It would bring and end to the war in 1973. https://quizlet.com/5293132/apush-ch-39-flash-cards/ Nixon Doctrine Created during the Vietnam War. Stated that the US would honor its existing defense commitments, but in the future other countries would have to fight their own wars without support of American troops. https://quizlet.com/5352418/apush-chapter-39-key-terms-and-people-flash-cards/ (Related) Nixon Doctrine President Nixon's plan for "peace with honor" in Vietnam stateing that the United States would honor its existing defense commitments but, in the future, countries would have to fight their own wars. try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) https://quizlet.com/5352418/apush-chapter-39-key-terms-and-people-flash-cards/ (Related) Nixon Doctrine A doctrine that stated that the United States would stay true to all of their existing defense commitments but Asian and other countries would not be able to rely on large bodies of American troops for support in the future. https://quizlet.com/5352418/apush-chapter-39-key-terms-and-people-flash-cards/ (Related) Nixon Doctrine During the Vietnam War, the Nixon Doctrine was created. It stated that the United States would honor its existing defense commitments, but in the future other countries would have to fight their own wars without support of American troops. https://quizlet.com/5352418/apush-chapter-39-key-terms-and-people-flash-cards/ Kent State University Site of an anti-war demonstration following the invasion of Cambodia in 1970; National Guard members responded to the protest by firing into the crown, killing four and wounding many more. https://quizlet.com/15068430/apush-2-flash-cards/ (Related) Kent State University Shooting (1970) Massacre of four college students by National Guardsmen on May 4, 1970, in Ohio. In response to Nixon's announcement that he had expanded the Vietnam War into Cambodia, college campuses across the country exploded in violence. https://quizlet.com/15068430/apush-2-flash-cards/ My Lai Massacre (1968) Military assault in a small Vietnamese village on March 16, 1968, in which American soldiers under the command of 2nd Lieutenant William Calley murdered hundreds of unarmed Vietnamese civilians, mostly women and children. The atrocity produced outrage and reduced support for the war in America and around the world when details of the massacre and an attempted cover-up were revealed in 1971. https://quizlet.com/5293132/apush-ch-39-flash-cards/ (Related) My Lai Massacre In 1968 American troops massacred women and children in the Vietnamese village of My Lai; this deepened American people's disgust for the Vietnam War. https://quizlet.com/5293132/apush-ch-39-flash-cards/ (Related) My Lai Massacre 1968 massacre of innocent women and children in a Vietnamese village by US troops; the incident disgusted the American public when revealed in 1970, leading to deeper demoralization and discontent. https://quizlet.com/5293132/apush-ch-39-flash-cards/ (Related) My Lai Massacre 1968, in which American troops had brutally massacred innocent women and children in the village of My Lai, also led to more opposition to the war. https://quizlet.com/5293132/apush-ch-39-flash-cards/ (Related) My Lai Massacre The mass murder conducted by a unit of the U.S. Army on March 16, 1968 of over 300 unarmed citizens in South Vietnam, all of whom were civilians and a majority of whom were women, children and elderly people; a symbol for those opposed to the war. https://quizlet.com/5293132/apush-ch-39-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) Pentagon Papers Top-secret documents, published by The New York Times in 1971, that showed the blunders and deceptions that led the United States into the Vietnam War. https://quizlet.com/2166221/apush-ch-40-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Pentagon Papers definition: A top-secret United States government report on the history of the internal planning and policy-making process within the government itself concerning the Vietnam War leaked by Daniel Ellsberg to the NYTimes importance: led to public distrust, especially of Nixon https://quizlet.com/2166221/apush-ch-40-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Pentagon Papers A 7,000-page top-secret United States government report on the history of the internal planning and policy-making process within the government itself concerning the Vietnam War, led to public distrust, especially of Nixon https://quizlet.com/2166221/apush-ch-40-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Pentagon Papers During the Vietnam War, Daniel Ellsberg leaked confidential information to the press. These Pentagon Papers revealed that the government had kept information about the war from Congress and the public. At first Nixon tried to block New York Times from publishing the information, but Congress ruled that the papers have the constitutional right to publish any information they have. The Pentagon Papers caused Americans to believe that the U.S. may lose the War in Vietnam. https://quizlet.com/2166221/apush-ch-40-vocab-flash-cards/ (Related) Pentagon Papers Secret U.S. government report detailing early planning and policy decisions regarding the Vietnam War under Presidents Kennedy and Johnson. Leaked to the New York Times in 1971, it revealed instances of governmental secrecy, lies, and incompetence in the prosecution of the war https://quizlet.com/2166221/apush-ch-40-vocab-flash-cards/ Paris Peace Accords, 1973 The accords ended the U.S. participation in the Vietnam War. North Vietnam agreed to an armistice and the United States removed the last of its troops. North Vietnam also agreed to return over 500 prisoners-of-war. In addition, the Accords also promised a cease-fire and free elections.• This ended American participation in a war that cost over 58,000 American lives.• But it did not end the war between North and South Vietnam and thousands of North Vietnamese troops were still in South Vietnam and everyone knew South Vietnam would quickly fall after United States troops were withdrawn. https://quizlet.com/42563222/apush-chapter-31-flash-cards/ (Related) paris peace accords 1973 peace agreement between the United States, South Vietnam, North Vietnam, and the Vietcong that effectively ended the Vietnam War. https://quizlet.com/42563222/apush-chapter-31-flash-cards/ (Related) Paris Peace Accords U.S. signed a peace treaty with North Vietnam and began withdrawing troops. On April 25, 1975, South Vietnam was taken over by North Vietnam, in violation of the treaty. https://quizlet.com/42563222/apush-chapter-31-flash-cards/ War Powers Act try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) passed by congress in 1973; the president is limited in the deployment of troops overseas to a sixty-day period in peacetime (which can be extended for an extra thirty days to permit withdrawal) unless congress explicitly gives its approval for a longer period. https://quizlet.com/73934408/war-powers-act-flash-cards/ (Related) War Powers Act: The law required Nixon and any future president to report to Congress within 48 hours after taking military action. It also provided that Congress would have to approve any military action that lasted more than 60 days.- Significance: Resulted of the secret bombing of neutral Cambodia.- Date: November 1973 https://quizlet.com/73934408/war-powers-act-flash-cards/ (Related) War Powers Act (1973) decreased presidents powers as commander in chieft ; has to report to congress before war actions are taken, etc. https://quizlet.com/73934408/war-powers-act-flash-cards/ (Related) 1973 War Powers Act Required the president to report to congress within 48 hours after committing troops to a foreign conflict or "substantially" enlarging American combat units in a foreign country. Such an authorization would expire unless Congress extended it 30 more days. One manifestation of the "New Isolationism". https://quizlet.com/73934408/war-powers-act-flash-cards/ (Related) War Powers Act of 1973 This act stated that the president must report to Congress within 2 days of putting troops in danger in a foreign country, and there would be a 60 to 90 day limit for over seas troop presence. https://quizlet.com/73934408/war-powers-act-flash-cards/ SALT II (Carter) (1979) (Second Strategic Arms Limitations Talks) A second treaty was signed to cut back the weaponry of the US and the USSR because it was getting too competitive. Set limits on the numbers of weapons produced. Not passed by the Senate as retaliation for USSR's invasion of Afghanistan, and later superseded by the START treaty. https://quizlet.com/2054297/apush-unit-7-flash-cards/ (Related) SALT I SALT I was a series of negotiations between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. on the issue of nuclear arms reduction. The talks helped lower the total number of missiles each side would have and eased the tension between the two. https://quizlet.com/2054297/apush-unit-7-flash-cards/ (Related) SALT II SALT II was a second series of negotiations between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. about nuclear arms reduction. The talks, though never ratified by the Senate due to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, both sides agreed to limit strategic launchers and weapons. https://quizlet.com/2054297/apush-unit-7-flash-cards/ (Related) SALT negotiations between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics opened in 1969 in Helsinki designed to limit both countries' stock of nuclear weapons https://quizlet.com/2054297/apush-unit-7-flash-cards/ (Related) SALT II try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) the second treaty between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics resulting from the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks https://quizlet.com/2054297/apush-unit-7-flash-cards/ (Related) SALT II Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty agreement between Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev and American president Jimmy Carter. Despite an accord to limit weapons between the two leaders, the agreement was ultimately scuttled in the U.S. Senate following the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. https://quizlet.com/2054297/apush-unit-7-flash-cards/ (Related) SALT I and II -Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty-SALT I: an agreement signed by the US and Soviets to stop building nuclear ballistic missiles for five years *also excluded MIRVS (Multiple Independent re-entry vehicles)-SALT II: signed by Carter and Brezhnev; it reduced and limited the number of missile launchers and bombers, (failed?)-treaties helped to reduce tension between US and USSR https://quizlet.com/2054297/apush-unit-7-flash-cards/ (Related) Salt II - SALT II was a second series of negotiations between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. about nuclear arms reduction. The talks, though never ratified by the Senate due to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, both sides agreed to limit strategic launchers and weapons. https://quizlet.com/2054297/apush-unit-7-flash-cards/ Six Day War a war fought in June, 1967, between Israel and the neighboring states of Egypt, Jordan, and Syria, in which Israel captured large tracts of Arab territory https://quizlet.com/11209456/homewood-apush-40-flash-cards/ (Related) Six Day War (1967) Short conflict between Egypt and her allies against Israel won by Israel; Israel took over the Golan Heights , The West Bank of the Jordan River; and the Sanai Peninsula. https://quizlet.com/11209456/homewood-apush-40-flash-cards/ (Related) Six Day War (1967) Short conflict between Egypt and her allies against Israel won by Israel; Israel took over the Golan Heights , The West Bank of the Jordan River; and the Sanai Peninsula. https://quizlet.com/11209456/homewood-apush-40-flash-cards/ stagflation A period of slow economic growth and high unemployment (stagnation) while prices rise (inflation) https://quizlet.com/9793332/apush-ch-30-the-crisis-of-authority-flash-cards/ (Related) Stagflation a period of slow economic growth and high unemployment (stagnation) while prices rise (inflation) https://quizlet.com/9793332/apush-ch-30-the-crisis-of-authority-flash-cards/ (Related) stagflation During the 60's and 70's, the U.S. was suffering from 5.3% inflation and 6% unemployment. Refers to the unusual economic situation in which an economy is suffering both from inflation and from stagnation of its industrial growth. https://quizlet.com/9793332/apush-ch-30-the-crisis-of-authority-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) (Related) Stagflation Name given the economic condition throughout most of the 1970s in which prices rose rapidly (inflation) but without economic growth (stagnation). Unemployment rose along with inflation. In large part, these conditions were the economic consequences of rising oil prices. https://quizlet.com/9793332/apush-ch-30-the-crisis-of-authority-flash-cards/ (Related) Causes of Stagflation 1. Great Society and Vietnam Spending2. Foreign Competition in the Worl Market3. Energy Shortage4. Population Boom https://quizlet.com/9793332/apush-ch-30-the-crisis-of-authority-flash-cards/ (Related) Nixon's Remedies for Stagflation 1. Restricted money supply ---> Recession (FR raises interset rates to curb spending)2. 90 day wage-price freeze https://quizlet.com/9793332/apush-ch-30-the-crisis-of-authority-flash-cards/ (Related) Carter's Solution to Stagflation 1. Higher interest rates2. Lower gov. spending3. Voluntary wage/price control https://quizlet.com/9793332/apush-ch-30-the-crisis-of-authority-flash-cards/ Southern strategy Nixon's plan to win reelection by curbing the Supreme court's judicial activism and softpedaling civil rights. https://quizlet.com/863523/apush-nixon-reagan-flash-cards/ (Related) Southern strategy Nixon's plan to achieve a solid majority vote in 1972 (he had been elected as a minority president) by courting southern voters; his plan included appointing conservative Supreme Court justices, soft-pedaling civil rights, and opposing school busing to achieve racial balance. https://quizlet.com/863523/apush-nixon-reagan-flash-cards/ (Related) southern strategy (1972) Nixon re-election campaign strategy designed to appeal to conservative whites in the historically Democratic south. The President stressed law and order issues and remained noncommittal on civil rights. This strategy typified the regional split between the two parties as white Southerners became increasingly attracted to the Republican party in the aftermath of the Civil Rights Movement. https://quizlet.com/863523/apush-nixon-reagan-flash-cards/ (Related) southern strategy Nixon was a minority president, so he sought reelection by appealing to S Conservativestried to delay integration, appoint conservatives to SC, but both rejected https://quizlet.com/863523/apush-nixon-reagan-flash-cards/ (Related) 1519. Richard Nixon's "Southern Strategy" His political strategy of "courting" the South and bad-mouthing those Northerners who badmouthed the South. He chose Spiro Agnew, the Governor of Maryland, as his running mate to get the Southern vote. https://quizlet.com/863523/apush-nixon-reagan-flash-cards/ What impact has Roe v. Wade had on society and the political landscape? In 1973, the Roe v. Wade Supreme Court ruling legalizing abortion carried the rights of privacy and women to unprecedented levels in America. However, the ruling has also become try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) the most significant political wedge issue in many judicial nominations and elections. In today's society, abortion has become one of the most emotionally charged issues https://quizlet.com/11706699/apush-unit-10-flash-cards/ (Related) Roe v. Wade (1973) The court legalized abortion by ruling that state laws could not restrict it during the first three months of pregnancy. Based on 4th Amendment rights of a person to be secure in their persons. https://quizlet.com/11706699/apush-unit-10-flash-cards/ (Related) Roe v. Wade 1973 All state laws prohibiting abortions were made unconstitutional based on a woman's right to privacy https://quizlet.com/11706699/apush-unit-10-flash-cards/ (Related) Roe v. Wade (1973) Women may have abortions for any reason up until "viability" (24-28 weeks). https://quizlet.com/11706699/apush-unit-10-flash-cards/ (Related) Roe v. Wade (1973) Landmark Supreme Court decision that forbade states from barring abortion by citing a woman's constitutional right to privacy. Seen as a victory for feminism and civil liberties by some, the decision provoked a strong counter-reaction by opponents to abortion, galvanizing the Pro-Life movement. https://quizlet.com/11706699/apush-unit-10-flash-cards/ Phyllis Schlafly 1970s; a new right activist that protested the women's rights acts and movements as defying tradition and natural gender division of labor; demonstrated conservative backlash against the 60s https://quizlet.com/5352418/apush-chapter-39-key-terms-and-people-flash-cards/ (Related) Phyllis Schlafly A conservative female political activist. She stopped the ERA from being passed, seeing that it would hinder women more than it would help them. https://quizlet.com/5352418/apush-chapter-39-key-terms-and-people-flash-cards/ Gloria Steinem an American feminist, journalist, and social and political activist who became nationally recognized as a leader of, and media spokeswoman for, the women's liberation movement in the late 1960s and 1970s https://quizlet.com/40776333/apush-ch-39-flash-cards/ (Related) Gloria Steinem is an American feminist icon, journalist, and social and political activist. Rising to national prominence in the 1970s, she became a leading political leader of the decade, and one of the most important heads of the second-wave of the women's rights movement. https://quizlet.com/40776333/apush-ch-39-flash-cards/ (Related) Gloria Steinem One of the founders of the Modern Feminist Movement. Talked about more opportunities in education and the workplace. https://quizlet.com/40776333/apush-ch-39-flash-cards/ (Related) Gloria Steinem try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) An American feminist, journalist, and social and political activist who became nationally recognized as a leader of, and media spokeswoman for, the women's liberation movement in the late 1960s and 1970s. https://quizlet.com/40776333/apush-ch-39-flash-cards/ (Related) "Ms" Magazine Gloria Steinem An American journalist, who became the spokeswoman for the woman's liberation movement in the 1960s. She was the co founder of Ms. Magazine, which is an American feminist magazine. It was the first magazine to describe the issue of domestic violence. https://quizlet.com/40776333/apush-ch-39-flash-cards/ Cesar Chavez influential Hispanic leaderorganizing migrant farm workers into unionsFounded the National Farm Workers' Association, later known as the United Farm Workers' Organizing Committee https://quizlet.com/10940069/apush-ch-28-review-flash-cards/ (Related) Cesar Chavez Organized Union Farm Workers (UFW). Helped migratory farm workers gain better pay & working conditions. https://quizlet.com/10940069/apush-ch-28-review-flash-cards/ (Related) Cesar Chavez Non-violent leader of the United Farm Workers from 1963-1970. Organized laborers in California and in the Southwest to strike against fruit and vegetable growers. Unionized Mexican-American farm workers. https://quizlet.com/10940069/apush-ch-28-review-flash-cards/ (Related) Cesar Chavez Farm worker, labor leader, and civil-rights activist who helped form the National Farm Workers Association, later the United Farm Workers. He helped to improve conditions for migrant farm workers and unionize them https://quizlet.com/10940069/apush-ch-28-review-flash-cards/ (Related) Cesar Chavez Non-violent leader of the United Farm Workers from 1963-1970. Organized laborers in California and in the Southwest to strike against fruit and vegetable growers. Unionized Mexican-American farm workers. https://quizlet.com/10940069/apush-ch-28-review-flash-cards/ Couldn't find anything for: Gay liberation movement gay liberation movement police raid on the stonewall inn a gay bar in NY the movement aimed at liberating homosexuals from legal or social or economic oppression https://quizlet.com/20732274/apush-chapter-29-flash-cards/ (Related) Gay Liberation Movement In the 1970s, homosexuals began an effort to win social and legal acceptance and to encourage gays to affirm their sexual identity. Despite some advances, the movement was slowed by the onset of the AIDS epidemic in the 1980s and the insistence of the military on banning openly gay individuals from the armed services. https://quizlet.com/20732274/apush-chapter-29-flash-cards/ (Related) Gay Liberation Movement Set off by a police raid on the Stonewall Inn, a gay bar in NYC. It sparked both a riot and the gay rights movement. Activists urged homosexuals to be open about their identity and to work to end discrimination and violent abuse. try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term. qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s) https://quizlet.com/20732274/apush-chapter-29-flash-cards/ try out qsearcher: github.com/geooot/qsearcher tip: use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on mac) to search for a term.