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qsearcher – Every APUSH Review Term (At least up until the ‘70s)
Describe societies in the Northeast and Atlantic Seaboard.
These societies were a mix of hunting, agriculture, and gathering. lots of fishing They
developed permanent villages.
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(Related) Native Societies in the Northeast and Atlantic Seaboard
In the Northeast and along the Atlantic Seaboard some societies developed a mixed
agricultural and hunter-gatherer economy that favored the development of permanent
villages.
https://quizlet.com/90392714/apush-the-atlantic-world-flash-cards/
(Related) NE/Atlantic Seaboard
In the Northeast and along the Atlantic Seaboard some societies developed a mixed
agricultural and hunter-gatherer economy that favored the development of permanent
villages.
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New World
The newly found colonies in the Americas
https://quizlet.com/12770634/apush-new-world-beginnings-flash-cards/
(Related) Europeans were fascinated by what New World Products?
sugar, silk, perfumes
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(Related) English spy for the Spanish territory in New World
John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto)
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(Related) French spies for New World territories
Giovanni de Verrazano and Jacques Cartier
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Conquistadors
a Spanish soldier, explorer, and adventurer who took part in the gradual invasion and
conquest of much of the Americas and Asia Pacific, bringing them under Spanish colonial
rule between the 15th and 19th centuries. Notice that the term is not used for the
Portuguese explorers and conquerors of Brazil, such as the Bandeirantes.
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Mexican immigrants, "reconquista"
Immigrants typically left countries where populations were growing rapidly and where
agricultural and industrial revolutions were shaking people loose from old habits of life.
And they came to America in search of jobs and economic opportunity. Mexican migrants
especially flowed to the Southwest. By the turn of the century Latinos made up made up
nearly 1/3 of the pop. in Texas, Arizona, and California, and 40% in New Mexico -amounting to a demographic reconquista of the lands lost by Mexico in the war of 1846.
Mexican Americans, because of their heavy concentration, seemed like they would be able to
create a truly bicultural zone in the booming southwestern states.
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(Related) Reconquista
The effort by Christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain, lasting from the 1100s
until 1492.
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(Related) reconquista
taking back of lands lost by Mexico in the war
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(Related) Reconquista
the effort by christian leaders to drive the muslims out of spain, lasting from the 1100s
until 1492. Done by Ferdinand and Isabella. This unified Spain into a powerful nation-state
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(Related) Reconquista who
Napoleon
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(Related) Reconquista what
Period of expansion of the Christian states of the peninsula at the expense of Muslim
states
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(Related) Reconquista when
771-1492
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(Related) Reconquista where
colonial Spanish America
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(Related) Reconquista significance
Short restoration; royalist control
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Who was involved in the Columbian Exchange?
England, North America, South America, Africa, West Indies
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(Related) When was the Columbian exchange?
1770
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(Related) Positive effects of the Columbian exchange
Change of diet, new crops and animals in different continents, and new allies
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(Related) Negative effects of the Columbian exchange
Native Americans were killed by diseases and slave labor began
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(Related) How was the Columbian exchange possible?
Through markets and ships
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(Related) Columbian Exchange
The collision between the Old and New world which brought unknown items from both worlds.
The Natives had gold, sliver, corn, and etc where as the Europeans had a brought cattle,
tomatoes, diseases like smallpox that eventually changed the ways of the world done by
Columbus
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(Related) Columbian Exchange
The transfer of goods, crops, and diseases between New and Old World societies after 1492
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(Related) Columbian Exchange
An exchange between the Old World, New World, and Africa. In this exchange the Old World
gave the New World food, animals, and diseases. Africa gave the New World slaves. Lastly,
the New World gave the Old World gold, silver, raw materials, and syphilis.
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(Related) Columbian Exchange
The transfer of goods, crops, and diseases between New and Old World societies after 1492.
The Native World had gold, silver, corn, potatoes, tobacco, pineapples, tomatoes, beans,
vanilla, chocolate and syphilis. The Old World/Europeans had wheat, rice, sugar, coffee,
horses, cows, pigs, smallpox, measles, influenza, bubonic plague, typhus, diphtheria, and
the scarlet fever. This whole exchange of things was initiated by Columbus.
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Feudalism
a medieval European social system in which land was divided into hundreds of small holdings
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(Related) Feudalism
A social system that existed in Europe during the Middle Ages in which people worked and
fought for nobles who gave them protection and the use of land in return. This system was
transferred to the Americas during colonization
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(Related) Feudalism
a medieval European social system in which land was divided into hundreds of small holdings
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(Related) feudalism
political system in which powerful leaders gave land to nobles in exchange for pledges of
loyalty and service (kings, nobles, knights, etc.), lead to a central government and
frequent warfare
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capitalism
A system of economic production based on the private ownership of property and the
contractual exchange for profit of goods, labor, ad money.
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(Related) "people's capitalism"
an egalitarian capitalism in which all Americans could participate and enjoy the consumer
goods that U.S. industry had made available.
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(Related) welfare capitalism
some employers adopted benevolent policies toward their employees. They set up employee
cafeterias, staffed on-site medical clinics, and engaged psychologists to counsel troubled
workers. They also published employee newsletters and gave awards to employees who did
their work well and in good spirit. Some even gave employees a voice in determining working
conditions. The purpose of welfare capitalism was to encourage loyalty to the firm and to
convince employees that capitalism could work in their interests.
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(Related) capitalism
the economic system of free trade in which consumers and businesses control the economy
without government regulation; also known as laissez-faire
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Joint Stock Companies
These were developed to gather the savings from the middle class to support finance
colonies. Ex. London Company and Plymouth Company.
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Encomienda System
early 16th century, created by Nicolas de Ovando; royal grants of land from Spanish Crown
to Spaniards; in return, the Spanish promised to Christianize the Natives; Natives were
forced into heavy labor
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(Related) Fall of the Encomienda System
Catholics protested; Mestizos could not be forced to work the encomienda system and in
time, many were born; African slave labor replaced
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(Related) encomienda system
The encomienda system allowed the government to commend, or give, Indians to certain
colonists in return for the promise to try to Christianize them.
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1619 first Africans
Arrive in 1619 - unclear status- free, indentured, slavesDevelopment of slavery, 1620 >
1700
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(Related) 1619: Africans fist came to VA---why so few?
Slave trade hadn't started yet, came as indentured servant's. Beginning's/set foundation
for slavery
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Christopher Columbus
He was a skilled Italian seafare that persuaded the Spanish monarchs to outfit him with
three tiny but seaworthy ships. He headed West in search of a water route to the Indies.
After six weeks at sea, failure loomed until, on October 12, 1492, the crew sighted an
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island in the Bahamas. He never actually came to the Indies, but he thought that he had so
he called the native people there Indians. Columbus's discovery would eventually convulse
four continents- Europe, Africa, and the two Americas. Columbus brought seedlings of sugar
cane, which thrived in the warm Caribbean climate.
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(Related) Christopher Columbus
Italian seafarer who sailed for Spain; sighted an island in the Bahamas on October 12, 1492
seeking a new water route to the Indies; thought Americas were the Indies
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(Related) Christopher Columbus
He was an italian navigator who, in 1492, was granted a voyage of three ships. He sought
out to find a quicker path to the Indies, but instead he wound up in the "New World".
Columbus brought permanent connection between Europe and Native Americans
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(Related) Christopher Columbus
(bt. August and October 1451 - May 20, 1506) was a navigator, colonizer, and explorer who
was instrumental in Spanish colonization of the Americas. Though not the first to reach the
Americas from Europe (the Vikings had reached Canada many years earlier, led by Leif
Ericsson), Columbus' voyages led to general European awareness of the hemisphere and the
successful establishment of European cultures in the New World.
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(Related) Christopher Columbus
the explorer who found the New World while searching for a sea route to the Indies
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Spanish Armada
-Spanish fleet defeated in the English Channel in 1588. The defeat of the Armada marked the
beginning of the decline of the Spanish Empire.-England's victory over the Spanish Armada
also marked a red-letter day in American history; it dampened Spain's fighting spirit and
helped ensure England's naval dominance in the North Atlantic.
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(Related) Spanish Armada
The Spanish Fleet sent to attack England, but failed due to losses in battle or weather
damage
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(Related) Spanish Armada
130 Spanish ships that were conquered by smaller English ships in 1588
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(Related) Spanish Armada
Spanish fleet (made by Phillip II) that was conquered by smaller, swifter English ships and
a storm in 1588; marked the beginning of the end of Spanish imperial dreams and ensured
English naval dominance in the North Atlantic
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(Related) T/F: The defeat of hte Spanish Armada was important to the North American
colonization because it enabled England to conquer Spain's New World empire
False, it enabled England to control the Atlantic Sea lanes
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(Related) England's victory over the Spanish Armada gave it:A) Control of the Spanish
colonies in the New WorldB) Dominance of the Atlantic Ocean and a vibrant sense of
nationalismC) A stable social order and economyD) Effective control of the African slave
trade
B
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(Related) Q. What characteristics of England after the victory over the Spanish Armada were
similar to Spain's condition one century earlier?
Both countries had greater economic and military strength and also achieved national
political and religious unity under well-known rulers
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Atlantic Slave Trade
Lasted from 16th century until the 19th century. The buying, transporting, and selling of
Africans in the Americas. Trade of African peoples from Western Africa to the Americas. One
part of a three-part economical system known as the MIddle Passage of the Triangular Trade.
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(Related) Atlantic Slave Trade
Triangular trading system between English mainland colonies, the West Indies, and the
African shore.
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(Related) trans-atlantic slave trade (triangular trade)
trade among Europe, Africa, and the Americas. The Americas would give Europe raw materials,
Europe would give finished products to Africa. Africa would give slaves to Am.
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(Related) Atlantic Slave Trade
A. A large triangular trading system between English mainland colonies, the West Indie, and
the African shore. Molasses is traded from the Indies up to the colonies where it is
distilled into rum. The rum is traded to Africa in exchange for slaves who are traded in
the indies for more molasses. B. Brought a large system of trade that greatly stimulated
both the colonies in the Indies and on the mainland as well as bringing slaves to the
Indies and back up to the mainland.
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Roanoke
Established in 1587. Called the Lost Colony. It was financed by Sir Walter Raleigh, and its
leader in the New World was John White. All the settlers disappeared, and historians still
don't know what became of them.
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(Related) Roanoke Island
Island colony founded by Sir Walter Raleigh that mysteriously disappeared in the 1580s
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(Related) Roanoke
The failed "lost colony" founded by Sir Walter Raleigh
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(Related) Roanoke colony
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2 colonizing ventures dispatched by Sir Walter Raleigh. The 1st group was 100 young men in
1585-1586 who abandoned the settlement, the 2nd (1586) was 100 persons, mostly families,
who disappeared mysteriously
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(Related) Roanoke Island
-first settlers that settled there were 117 men from Sir Walter Raleigh's third expedition
to North Carolina -left on the island for several years with no supplies -mysteriously
vanished which is still puzzling to historians today
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(Related) Roanoke
• The first English settlement in the New World was on the island of Roanoke, off the coast
of North Carolina, established in 1587. Virginia Dare, the first English child born in
America was born on Roanoke Island. The settlement failed, and no one knows what became of
the people who first settled there.
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Virginia House of Burgesses
1619 - The Virginia House of Burgesses formed, the first legislative body in colonial
America. Later other colonies would adopt houses of burgesses.
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(Related) Virginia House of Burgesses
First miniature parliament authorized by London Company in 1619 in British American
colonies; representative self-gov't; grant revoked by James I who thought assembly was
dangerous and made VA a royal colony
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New England Colonies: Geography
rocky soil, coastal ports towns on the Atantic Ocean
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(Related) New England Colonies: Climate
cold temperatures, long winters
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(Related) New England Colonies: Economy ($)
fishing & shipbuilding
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(Related) New England Colonies: Social Life
getherings on the "green" or town center, church
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Mayflower Compact
This document was not a constitution; was a simple agreement to form a crude government and
to submit to the will of the majority under the regulations agreed upon; was signed by 41
adult males, 11 of them with the exalted rank of mister though not by the servants and two
seamen; was a promising step toward genuine self-government; , a formal document, written
in 1620, that provided law and order to the Plymouth colony
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(Related) 1. Mayflower Compact
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1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on
the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.
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(Related) Mayflower Compact
A formal document, written in 1620 aboard the Mayflower, that provided law and order to the
Plymouth colony
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(Related) Mayflower Compact
Regarded not as a constitution but as an agreement; Recognized James I as sovereign leader
and all settlers as governing body; Agreed to majority rule
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(Related) Mayflower Compact
• The Mayflower Compact is often cited as the first example of self-government in the
Americas. The Pilgrims, having arrived at a harbor far north of the land that was
rightfully theirs, signed the Mayflower Compact to establish a "civil body politic" under
the sovereignty of James I.
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John Winthrop
(12 January 1587/8 - 26 March 1649) led a group of English Puritans to the New World,
joined the Massachusetts Bay Company in 1629 and was elected their governor on April 8,
1630. Between 1639 and 1648 he was voted out of governorship and re-elected a total of 12
times.
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(Related) "City upon a Hill" (John Winthrop)
A colony that would be a refuge for persecuted Puritans and an instrument for the creation
of Zion in America. This colony would have many economic and political situations which led
to the foundation for major elements in America's cultural and political development as an
example of how godly people should live.
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(Related) John Winthrop
A Puritan attorney and justice of peace. He served in the government in Virginia from 16301640, he also provided a very important primary source of information with his journal
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(Related) John Winthrop
As governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, Winthrop (1588-1649) was instrumental in forming
the colony's government and shaping its legislative policy. He envisioned the colony,
centered in present-day Boston, as a "city upon a hill" from which Puritans would spread
religious righteousness throughout the world.
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(Related) John Winthrop
Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, envisioned colony as a "city upon a hill"
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(Related) John Winthrop
The first governor and one of the founders of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and a member of
the Massachusetts Bay Company. He played a key role in the puritan migration and intended
to create a utopian society in America. He was elected governor twelve times and pursued a
conservative religious and governmental policy.
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Roger Williams
(December 21, 1603-April 1, 1683) was an English theologian, a notable proponent of
religious toleration and the separation of church and state, and an advocate for fair
dealings with Native Americans. In 1644, he received a charter creating the colony of Rhode
Island, named for the principal island in Narragansett Bay. He is credited for originating
either the first or second Baptist church established in America.
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(Related) Roger Williams
Minister from Salem; extreme Separatist who argued legality of MBC and Plymouth b/c both
colonies were built on Indian land which the King had no authority over; Strongly believed
in separation of church and state, King should have nothing to do with religious matters;
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(Related) Roger Williams
He founded Rhode Island for separation of Church and State. He believed that the Puritans
were too powerful and was ordered to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious
beliefs.
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(Related) Roger Williams
a controversial young minister, who established the town of Providence, that had a
government without any ties to the Church of England, and where any religions could be
practiced without interference. Believed in equality of whites and natives, est. Rhode
Island.
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(Related) Roger Williams
English clergyman and colonist who was expelled from Massachusetts for criticizing
Puritanism
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Middle Colonies
New YorkNew JerseyPennsylvania
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(Related) Middle Colonies EconomicsQuaker merchant
econ diversitycapitalistsship building
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(Related) Middle Colonies Politics:Differing Characteristics Pennsylvania
William Penn was founderHoly ExperimentMore men with voting rights1804 - women had voting
rights which were taken away Politics of elites - NY
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(Related) Middle Colonies Social HistoryQuakers
The Quaker Way: Live simply so others may simply liveGeorge Fox - Starts seekers later
become QuakersEquality including in Quaker Meeting house
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New Amsterdam
Company town established by the Dutch in the 1620's, Later became New York City!
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(Related) New Amsterdam
a settlement established by the Dutch near the mouth of Hudson River and the southern end
of Manhattan Island
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(Related) New Amsterdam
1626. The Dutch Colonization of the Americas. They settled in present-day New York along
the Hudson River. It was the foundation for New York City.
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(Related) New Amsterdam
New York City area- bought for a small amount- run for Dutch company- harsh rules
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(Related) New Amsterdam (Manhattan)
purchased by Dutch East and West India Companies, was a company town, run by and for the
Dutch company in the interests of stockholders, attracted people of all types and races,
did not care about religion, aristocratic, Cosmopolitan, profit centered
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English Civil War
+ Charles I: - tried to advocate the divine right of kings and bring more absolutist
policies to England - Many thought he brought too much Catholic influence to the Church of
England **War broke out between Parliament's supporters (Roundheads) and the King's
supporters (Cavaliers). - Later Charles I was tried and executed in 1649 as a "tyrant,
traitor, murderer, and public enemy". **Oliver Cromwell, leader of military, ruled England
as "Lord Protector" until 1658.
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(Related) English Civil War
This was the revolution as a result of whether the sovereignty would remain with the king
or with the Parliament. Eventually, the kingship was abolished
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(Related) English Civil War
this war led to the execution of King Charles I, Ending with the execution of Charles I,
this war was to put either the king or Parliament in the political power of England. This,
however, did not resolve this problem.
https://quizlet.com/865312/ap-us-history-colonies-flash-cards/
(Related) Impact of English Civil War on colonies
...
https://quizlet.com/865312/ap-us-history-colonies-flash-cards/
(Related) English Civil War (1642-1651)
Armed conflict between royalists and parliamentarians, resulting in the victory of proParliament forces and the execution of Charles I. (54)
https://quizlet.com/865312/ap-us-history-colonies-flash-cards/
William Penn
English Quaker leader who obtained a charter for Pennsylvania from Charles II in exchange
for a debt owed to his father. He intended to establish a model society based on religious
freedom and peaceful relations with Native Americans, in addition to benefiting financially
from the sale of the land.
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https://quizlet.com/13271402/ap-us-history-chapter-3-ids-flash-cards/
(Related) William Penn
An English real estate entrepreneur, he was giving a large piece of the American land from
James II of England. He was a early advocate of democracy and religious freedom, he was
also one of the few colonies to have good relations with the Indians, making serveral
successful treaties
https://quizlet.com/13271402/ap-us-history-chapter-3-ids-flash-cards/
(Related) William Penn
established Pennsylvania (not named after him) for Quakers. Good relationship with Indians.
https://quizlet.com/13271402/ap-us-history-chapter-3-ids-flash-cards/
(Related) William Penn
became a Quaker missionary after rejecting a life of leisure. He received Pennsylvania from
king Charles I because the king owed Penn's dead father 16,000 pounds and this became the
payback. In 1682 he founded Philadelphia and also received Delaware and the land between
Maryland and the Delaware river from the lord of York. Large number of Germans came to PA
because Penn wrote glowing descriptions of his colony which were then sent overseas to
England and then translated to other European languages. He launched the colony as a "holy
experiment" based on religious tolerance.
https://quizlet.com/13271402/ap-us-history-chapter-3-ids-flash-cards/
(Related) Pennsylvania, William Penn
1681- William Penn received a land grant from King Charles II, and used it to form a colony
that would provide a haven for Quakers. His colony, Pennsylvania, allowed religious
freedom.
https://quizlet.com/13271402/ap-us-history-chapter-3-ids-flash-cards/
Old Southwest
The Southwestern United States is a region defined in different ways by different sources.
Broad definitions include nearly a quarter of the United States, including Arizona,
California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas and Utah
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(Related) The Hispanic Southwest
Hispanics were the first people to settle the Far West because they were moving up from
Mexico. The most populous settlements along New Mexico's upper Rio Grande Valley. The
economy of this crescent was pastoral, and consisted mainly of cattle and sheep ranching.
There was a strong social order. There were the elite-dons occupying royal land grants and
were proudly Spanish and devoted to the traditional life of a landed aristocracy. Below
them, with little in between, was a laboring class of servants, artisans, vaqueros
(cowboys) and farm hands. Pueblo Indians still occupied much of the land, living
traditionally in adobe houses. Navajos lived in the north, and they were warriors and
skilled at crafts and sheep raising. DIPLOMATIC.
https://quizlet.com/770036/apush-ch17-flash-cards/
(Related) American Southwest Societies
Lived in villages with farming as their source of food, included Apache, Hopi, Navajo,
Pueblo, and Zuni
https://quizlet.com/770036/apush-ch17-flash-cards/
(Related) Old Southwest
refer to the area of the United States west of the Appalachians and south of the Ohio which
were settled in the early nineteenth century, (Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and
Arkansas)
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(Related) Spanish-speaking Southwest
influenced by Mexican culture and institutions, new laws and ranching methods, economic
caste system, women given some property rights, Roman Catholic influence, Spanish language
and names
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Navigation Acts
Laws passed by the British to control colonial trade
https://quizlet.com/13647569/apush-colonial-unit-1-22-flash-cards/
(Related) Navigation Acts of 1651, 1660, and 1663
1651: all goods imported to England or the colonies can only be carried on English ships
with majority English crews. 1660: Ships' crews must be 3/4 English, and colonies can only
do business with England or other colonies.1663: All goods from colonies must go to England
first, be offloaded and have duties paid, before being reloaded and reshipped. This gives
England an effective monopoly on all goods from the colonies.
https://quizlet.com/13647569/apush-colonial-unit-1-22-flash-cards/
(Related) Navigation Acts of 1650- 1654
Laws that governed trade between England and its colonies. Colonists were required to ship
certain products exclusively to England. These acts made colonists very angry because they
were forbidden from trading with other countries.
https://quizlet.com/13647569/apush-colonial-unit-1-22-flash-cards/
(Related) Navigation Acts
• Passed under the mercantilist system, the Navigation Acts (1651-1673) regulated trade in
order to benefit the British economy. The acts restricted trade between England and its
colonies to English or colonial ships, required certain colonial goods to pass through
England before export, provided subsidies for the production of certain raw goods in the
colonies, and banned colonial competition in large-scale manufacturing.
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(Related) Navigation Acts
(1651) First Navigation Act- made by parliament to hurt Dutch economy, required English
crops to be sent only to England or English colonies on ships that were England/English
Colony made, had ½ English crew and master. 1660- Second Navigation Act- made by
restoration government, same only ship crews had to be ¾ English, and enumerated
commodities had restrictions.
https://quizlet.com/13647569/apush-colonial-unit-1-22-flash-cards/
The Dominion of New England
The Dominion of New England occurred in the time period of the 1670's & 1680's. King James
II attempts to consolidate all of the New England colonies (that includes: Massachusetts,
Connecticut, Rhode Island and New Hampshire) into one large colony. By doing so, he's
taking away the rights of the people in those colonies, because they no longer have much
say in their government. He wants to expand it eventually to include New York,
Pennsylvania, and New Jersey and make them under one rule. King James II tries to tighten
his control over the colonies and curve the rights of the people. The significance of this
is that the Glorious Revolution puts the end to the Dominion of New England and restores
the rights of the people.
https://quizlet.com/55161/apush-the-american-colonies-flash-cards/
(Related) the dominion of new england occurred when
in the time period of 1670's and 1680's
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(Related) What happened during the dominion of new england
King James II attempted to consolidate all of the New England colonies into one larger
colony
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(Related) What is the significance of the Dominion of New England:
The glorious revolution puts the end to the Dominion of New england and restores the rights
of the people
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(Related) Dominion of New England (1686-1689)
Administrative union created by royal authority, incorporating all of New England, New
York, and East and West Jersey. Placed under the rule of Sir Edmund Andros who curbed
popular assemblies, taxed residents without their consent and strictly enforced Navigation
Laws. Its collapse after the Glorious Revolution in England demonstrated colonial
opposition to strict royal control. (55)
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(Related) Dominion of New England
Consolidation into a single colony of the New England colonies-and later New York and New
Jersey-by royal governor Edmund Andros in 1686; dominion reverted to individual colonial
governments three years later.
https://quizlet.com/55161/apush-the-american-colonies-flash-cards/
(Related) Dominion of New England
1686-The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New
Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Andros).
Ended in 1692, when the colonists revolted and drove out Governor Andros
https://quizlet.com/55161/apush-the-american-colonies-flash-cards/
(Related) Dominion of New England
1686 - The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New
Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Andros). The
Dominion ended in 1692, when the colonists revolted and drove out Governor Andros.
https://quizlet.com/55161/apush-the-american-colonies-flash-cards/
New England Confederation
It was formed in 1643 to provide for the defense of the four New England colonies
(Plymouth, Mass Bay, Connecticut and New Haven) and also acted as a court in disputes
between colonies. These colonies formed a military alliance directed by a board comprised
of two reps from each colony. They had imited powers to act on boundary disputes, the
return of runaway servants, and dealings with Native Americans, Duch, and French. It lasted
until 1684, when colonial rivalries and the monarch's reasserted control brought it to an
end, but it is important because it was the first sign of the colonies to take a unified
action.
https://quizlet.com/6254031/apush-unit-1-study-guide-flash-cards/
(Related) New England Confederation
New England colonists formed the New England Confederation in 1643 as a defense against
local Native American tribes and encroaching Dutch. The colonists formed the alliance
without the English crown's authorization.
https://quizlet.com/6254031/apush-unit-1-study-guide-flash-cards/
(Related) New England Confederation
Four colonies banded together to form this group in 1643. Its main purpose was defense
against foes or potential foes, notably the Indians, the French, and the Dutch. Purely
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inter-colonial problems came within its jurisdiction as well. Each member colony wielded 2
votes. The member colonies were the Bay Colony, the Plymouth Colony, New Haven, and
scattered valley settlements in CT, so it was basically an exclusive Puritan club. Three of
these four wanted to wipe out New Netherland with military force, but MA didn't want to.
The formation of this group was the first notable milestone toward colonial unity.
https://quizlet.com/6254031/apush-unit-1-study-guide-flash-cards/
(Related) when and why was the New England Confederation founded?
1643; colonies banded together to defend themselves
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(Related) which colonies were in the New England Confederation?
Massachusetts, New Haven, Plymouth, Connecticut
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(Related) which colonies were excluded from the New England Confederation and why?
Maine and Rhode Island were too liberal
https://quizlet.com/6254031/apush-unit-1-study-guide-flash-cards/
(Related) New England Confederation
New England colonists formed the New England Confederation in 1643 as a defense against
local Native American tribes and encroaching Dutch. The colonists formed the alliance
without the English crown's authorization.
https://quizlet.com/6254031/apush-unit-1-study-guide-flash-cards/
Effects of Glorious Revolution
-ended most of what Britain had put in place to control the colonies (now a constitutional
monarchy)-provided the rationale for the American Revolution through the writings of John
Locke
https://quizlet.com/6017076/unit-1-apush-review-notes-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Glorious Revolution of 1688
Protestant Parlimentary leaders carry outa bloody coup when wife of James II gives birth to
potential Catholic heir to the thrown. This sparked rebellions in the colonies.
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(Related) the Glorious Revolution
In order to prevent a Catholic Dynasty the English Parliament drove out James II following
the birth of his son and replaced him with the protestant Stahoulder of the Nederlands
William, and his wife and daughter of James II, Mary II. This was a relativly bloodless
revolution. (excepting the Irish Rebellion in which an Catholic coalition of English-IrishFrench troops led by James were butchered).
https://quizlet.com/6017076/unit-1-apush-review-notes-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Glorious Revolution 1688
Bloodless overthrow of King James II. established William and Mary as the new leaders.
https://quizlet.com/6017076/unit-1-apush-review-notes-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Glorious Revolution
a bloodless coup in England tha overthrew James the II and enthroned Mary II and William
the III; weakened the monarchial power
https://quizlet.com/6017076/unit-1-apush-review-notes-vocab-flash-cards/
Salem Witch Trials
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1692-1693; a series of witchcraft trials launched after a group of young girls in Salem,
Massachusetts, cliamed to have been bewitched by some of the older women in the colony.
Twenty individuals were put to death before the trials were put to an end by the Governor
of Massachusetts.
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(Related) Salem Witch Trials
in the 1680's and 1690's adolescent girls of Salem, Massachusetts, accused several West
Indian servants of voodoo lore, and hundreds of people (mostly women) of witchcraft
(exercising of satanic powers), ending with 19 being put to death, and the girls who had
been the accusers, admitting that they fabricated their story. This was one of the many
examples of hysteria and chaos that broke out due to the tensions that built in Puritan
communities.
https://quizlet.com/4593728/ap-us-history-review-flash-cards/
(Related) Salem Witch Trials
Period where mainly women were being accused of witchcraft. It reflected the tensions
between farming and commercial interests
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(Related) Salem witch trials
series of hearings before local magistrates followed by county court trials to prosecute
people accused of witchcraft in Essex, Suffolk, and Middlesex Counties of colonial
Massachusetts, between February 1692 and May 1693. Over 150 people were arrested and
imprisoned, with even more accused who were not formally pursued by the authorities. The
two courts convicted twenty-nine people of the capital felony of witchcraft. Nineteen of
the accused, fourteen women and five men, were hanged. One man who refused to enter a plea
was crushed to death under heavy stones in an attempt to force him to do so. At least five
more of the accused died in prison.
https://quizlet.com/4593728/ap-us-history-review-flash-cards/
(Related) Salem Witch Trials
The Salem Witch Trials start in Massachusetts during the 1690's when 3 sick girls are said
to be affected by witch craft. The first three women the girls blamed of witchcraft were
Tituba, Sarah Goode, and Sarah Osborne. They start accusing more and more people and
upstanding members of society of witchcraft. The Salem Witch trials are not just about
religion, but also about land. People from the west side of town, with not so good soil
would accuse people from the east side of town where the soil was good and they had access
to the roads. The trials end when they accuse the governors wife of witchcraft. By the time
the trials were over, 20 people were executed. The significance is that about 20 years
later the government apologizes because there was never enough evidence to convict anyone
and compensates the families of those convicted.
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(Related) when and where did the salem witch trials occur
in massachusetts during the 1690s
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(Related) how do the salem witch trials start
3 sick girls are said to be affected by witch craft
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(Related) the salem witch trials are not just about ____ but also about _____
religion, land
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Primogeniture
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Laws of primogeniture decreed that only eldest sons were eligible to inherit landed
estates; landholders among them, Raleigh, Drake, were forced to seek their fortunes
elsewhere
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(Related) Primogeniture
The legal principle that the oldest son inherits all family property or land. Ex. " . . .
laws of primogeniture decreed that only eldest sons were eligible to inherit landed
estates."
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(Related) Primogeniture
A system of inheritance in which the eldest son in a family received all of his father's
land. The nobility remained powerful and owned land, while the 2nd and 3rd sons were forced
to seek fortune elsewhere. Many of them turned to the New World for their financial
purposes and individual wealth.
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(Related) primogeniture
british law and custom where the firstborn son inherits the family's entire estate. it led
many younger sons of gentry to seek their fortunes in exploration and colonization
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(Related) Primogeniture, entail
These were the two British legal doctrines governing the inheritance of property.
Primogeniture requried that a man's real property pass in its entirety to his oldest son.
Entail requried that property could only be left to direct descendants (usually sons), and
not to persons outside of the family.
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(Related) (36.)Primogeniture
ID: Primogeniture is by law or custom, of the first-born son to inherit everything after
the father passes away. The second born son as a result, received nothing. The custom took
place in England among families and even in almost all of the 13 original
colonies.HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE:The control of the inheritance allowed a father to
exercise power over the male members of his family. In countries such as England, there was
a primogeniture surplus and as a result there was an incentive for many individuals to move
and colonize in North America. Primogeniture can create a class of poor individuals who
want to seek fortune elsewhere.
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Causes for promoting Anglicanization
Anglicanization-process whereby everyone had to accept English social, political, and
institutional patterns of life. The crown promoted this in order to keep the colonies
complacent and to keep the tied to England.
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Trans-Atlantic print culture
- British couldn't censor lots of the print in the colonies
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Protestant Evangelicalism
allowing more people into the Protestant denomination even though they may not originate
from it
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Mercantilism
an economic system (Europe in 18th C) to increase a nation's wealth by government
regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests
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(Related) neomercantilism
system of government assisted economic development. Instead of mother country and country,
it's government/big company and little company.
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(Related) Mercantilism
The belief that there is a limited amount of wealth in the world, and that a country should
do everything to try to get as much of that wealth as possible.
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(Related) Mercantilism
Economic philosophy or practice in which England established the colonies to provide raw
materials to the Mother Country; the colonies received manufactured goods in return.
https://quizlet.com/51741630/apush-chapter-8-1790-1820-first-12-flash-cards/
(Related) mercantilism
the economic theory that all parts of a nation's or empire's economy should be coordinated
for the good of the whole state/empire; hence, that colonial economic welfare should be
subordinated to that of the imperial power. (This system was embraced by the British and
opposed by many colonists who believed they were being used for the mother country's sole
benefit). Remember: there were advantages for the colonists as wellNote: British
mercantilism promoted any form of free market in the colonies, including preventing them
from printing their own paper money. One of the ways in which mercantilism harmed the
colonial economy was by inhibiting the development of banking and paper currency in the
colonies.British mercantilism enforced restrictions on colonial manufacturing, trade, and
paper currency.
https://quizlet.com/51741630/apush-chapter-8-1790-1820-first-12-flash-cards/
Battle of New Orleans
January, 1815 - A large British invasion force was repelled by Andrew Jackson's troops at
New Orleans. Jackson had been given the details of the British army's battle plans by the
French pirate, Jean Laffite. About 2500 British soldiers were killed or captured, while in
the American army only 8 men were killed. Neither side knew that the Treaty of Ghent had
ended the War of 1812 two weeks before the battle. This victory inspired American
nationalism
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(Related) Battle of New Orleans
A large british invasion force was repelled by Andrew Jackson's troops at New Orleans.
Neither side knew that the Treaty of Ghent had ended the war of 1812 two weeks before the
battle. About 2500 British soldiers were captured or killed while the Americans lost only 8
men
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(Related) Battle of New Orleans
A battle during the War of 1812 where the British army attempted to take New Orleans. Due
to a foolish frontal attack, Andrew Jackson defeated them, which gave him an enormous
popularity boost
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(Related) New Orleans
fuonded in 1718 as one of the fortified posts in Mississipi and Louisiana
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(Related) Battle of New Orleans
Jackson led a battle that occurred when British troops attacked U.S. soldiers in New
Orleans on January 8, 1815; the War of 1812 had officially ended with the signing of the
Treaty of Ghent in December, 1814, but word had not yet reached the U.S.
https://quizlet.com/14829857/apush-chapter-8-flash-cards/
Molasses Act, 1733
imposed tax on molasses, sugar and rum imported to American colonies from non-British
foreign colonies
https://quizlet.com/2955440/apush-ch-7-flash-cards/
(Related) Specific Purposes of the Molasses Act of 1733
designed to protect the position of British suppliers in American market against cheaper
Spanish and French goods
https://quizlet.com/2955440/apush-ch-7-flash-cards/
(Related) What impact did the Molasses Act of 1733 has?
increased the price of sugar and rum in the colony and curtailed American trade with French
colonies that were also buyers of American goods
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(Related) Colonial reaction to the Molasses Act of 1733
led to widespread bribery and smuggling
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(Related) Molasses Act of 1733
Act that made molasses cost sixpence a gallon during mercantilism; despite this, molasses
continued to be imported from the French West Indies to the colonies
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(Related) molasses act 1733
1733What: act stopping north American trade with the French West IndiesWhy: British west
Indian planters were losing profit because bought cheap french molasses insteadReaction:
Bribery, smuggling
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(Related) Molasses Act of 1733
British legislation which had taxed all molasses, rum, and sugar which the colonies
imported from countries other than Britain and her colonies. The British had difficulty
enforcing the tax; most colonial merchants did not pay it.
https://quizlet.com/2955440/apush-ch-7-flash-cards/
(Related) Molasses Act
A law that imposed a tax on molasses, sugar, and rum imported from non-British foreign
colonies into the North American colonies; it was aimed to reserve a monopoly of the
colonies. This caused anger among colonials due to the fear of increased prices of rum,
since they felt that the British West Indies could not meet the needs of the colonies.
https://quizlet.com/2955440/apush-ch-7-flash-cards/
John Peter Zenger
Journalist who questioned the policies of the governor of New York in the 1700's. He was
jailed; he sued, and this court case was the basis for our freedom of speech and press. He
was found not guilty.
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(Related) John Peter Zenger Case
He was jailed for questioning the governor of New York. His case influenced freedom of
speech and freedom of press.
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(Related) John Peter Zenger
1734-1735; newspaper printer in New York who was charged for libel on the royal governor;
his lawyer (Andrew Hamilton) argued that he printed the truth but the royal chief justice
disagreed; jurors proclaimed him not guilty; his case promoted liberty and freedom of the
press and defined libel, freed newspapers to print responsible criticisms of officials
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(Related) John Peter Zenger
Journalist who questioned the policies of the governor of New York in the 1700's. He was
jailed; he sued, and this court case was the basis for our freedom of speech and press. He
was found not guilty.
https://quizlet.com/389386/apush-ids-flash-cards/
(Related) John Peter Zenger
Put on trial for criticizing the corrupt moral governor; claimed that he was only printing
the truth, not libel; jury ruled in favor of Zenger thus giving editors a bit more freedom
as to what they could print
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(Related) John Peter Zenger (trial)
1750, First freedom of Speech proceedings, Zenger gets off the hook for writing
unflattering things about the royal governor, William Crosby.
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Blue Laws (Cultural)
Regulation that prohibited certain private activities people considered immoral, such as
drinking alcohol or working on Sundays
https://quizlet.com/48171088/ap-us-history-period-2-flash-cards/
(Related) Blue Laws
Laws designed to restrict personal behavior in accord with a strict code of morality
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(Related) Blue Laws
also known as sumptuary laws, they are designed to restrict personal behavior in accord
with a strict code of morality. ________ were passed across the colonies, particularly in
Puritan New England and Quaker Pennsylvania.
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(Related) blue laws
also known as sumptuary laws, designed to restrict personal behavior in accord with a
strict code of morality, passed across the colonies, particularly in Puritan New England
and Quaker Pennsylvania
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Widowarchy
High mortatiy among husbands and fathers left many women in the Chesapeke colonies with
unusual autonomy and wealth.
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(Related) widowarchy
women in jamestown would remarry many times after the death of their husbands, subsequently
becoming wealthy and owning large amounts of land
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(Related) Widowarchy
dead fathers and husbands left the women in the chesapeake colonies with autonomy and
wealth.
https://quizlet.com/2185709/apush-vocab-ch-21-flash-cards/
(Related) Southern colonial widowarchy
Very few women were taken to the Chesapeake, thus each woman had a large choice of men to
choose from. As men worked hard, they often died of starvation or illness, leaving many
powerful widows.
https://quizlet.com/2185709/apush-vocab-ch-21-flash-cards/
Ohio River Valley
The point of contention that sparked the French and Indian War. Both the French and British
claimed it. They wanted the area because the rivers allowed for transportation.
https://quizlet.com/50183162/apush-ids-chapter-6-flash-cards/
William Pitt
He was the English secretary of state, and the future prime minister. He brought, in the
second phase of the French and Indian War, for the first time, full control under British
control. Pitt planned military strategies, appointed commander, and issued orders to the
colonists. In 1758 he initiated the final phase of the war, he did this by relaxing many of
the policies that Americans had found obnoxious. He also reimbursed the colonists for the
supplies used by the army. He returned recruitment control back to the colonial assemblies,
and he dispatched large numbers of British troops to America. This caused the battle to
finally start turning in Britain's favor.
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(Related) William Pitt
William Pitt was a British leader from 1757-1758. He was a leader in the London government,
and earned himself the name, "Organizer of Victory". He led and won a war against Quebec.
Pittsburgh was named after hi
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(Related) William Pitt
William Pitt was a British leader from 1757-1758. He was a leader in the London government,
and earned himself the name, "Organizer of Victory". He led and won a war against Quebec.
Pittsburgh was named after him.
https://quizlet.com/3953017/ap-us-history-ch-4-6-flash-cards/
(Related) William Pitt
British general; aka "Great Commoner" and "Organizer of Victory"; switched British focus in
war from West Indies to Quebec-Montreal area; led 1758 expedition against Louisbourg (first
significant British victory); appointed James Wolfe for Quebec expedition, 1759; led to
fall of Montreal in 1760 (no more French left in Canada)
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(Related) William Pitt
A British leader from 1757-1758. He was the prime minister in London, and earned himself
the name, "Organizer of Victory". Pittsburgh was named after him. His idea was to gain
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colonial support by reimbursing the colonies the money that they paid for the war and by
allowing local colonists to control recruiting. He was also the prime minister of London at
the time of the Townshend Acts.
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Invalid Link
What was the proclamation of 1763?
The proclamation of 1763 was a law that forbade the colonists to settle west of the
appalachian mountains
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(Related) proclamation of 1763
issued of October 7, 1763 and was created to alleviate relations with natives after the
French and Indian War and started that Americans were not permitted to passed the
Appalachian Mountains.
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(Related) Proclamation of 1763
limit colonial expansion; couldn't move west of Appalachian; organize colonies - regulate
trade with Native Americans
https://quizlet.com/6416914/apush-vocabulary-1763-1775-flash-cards/
(Related) proclamation of 1763
issued of October 7, 1763 and was created to alleviate relations with natives after the
French and Indian War and started that Americans were not permitted to passed the
Appalachian Mountains.
https://quizlet.com/6416914/apush-vocabulary-1763-1775-flash-cards/
(Related) proclamation of 1763
A proclamation from the British government which forbade British colonists from settling
west of the Appalacian Mountains, and which required any settlers already living west of
the mountains to move back east.
https://quizlet.com/6416914/apush-vocabulary-1763-1775-flash-cards/
(Related) Proclamation of 1763
issued October 7, 1763, by King George III following Great Britain's acquisition of French
territory in North America after the end of the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War, in
which it forbade settlers from settling past a line drawn along the Appalachian Mountains.
The purpose of the proclamation was to organize Great Britain's new North American empire
and to stabilize relations with Native North Americans through regulation of trade,
settlement, and land purchases on the western frontier.
https://quizlet.com/6416914/apush-vocabulary-1763-1775-flash-cards/
Mercantilism
The belief that there is a limited amount of wealth in the world, and that a country should
do everything to try to get as much of that wealth as possible.
https://quizlet.com/51741630/apush-chapter-8-1790-1820-first-12-flash-cards/
(Related) Mercantilism
an economic system (Europe in 18th C) to increase a nation's wealth by government
regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests
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(Related) mercantilism
the economic theory that all parts of a nation's or empire's economy should be coordinated
for the good of the whole state/empire; hence, that colonial economic welfare should be
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subordinated to that of the imperial power. (This system was embraced by the British and
opposed by many colonists who believed they were being used for the mother country's sole
benefit). Remember: there were advantages for the colonists as wellNote: British
mercantilism promoted any form of free market in the colonies, including preventing them
from printing their own paper money. One of the ways in which mercantilism harmed the
colonial economy was by inhibiting the development of banking and paper currency in the
colonies.British mercantilism enforced restrictions on colonial manufacturing, trade, and
paper currency.
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(Related) neomercantilism
system of government assisted economic development. Instead of mother country and country,
it's government/big company and little company.
https://quizlet.com/51741630/apush-chapter-8-1790-1820-first-12-flash-cards/
(Related) Mercantilism
Economic philosophy or practice in which England established the colonies to provide raw
materials to the Mother Country; the colonies received manufactured goods in return.
https://quizlet.com/51741630/apush-chapter-8-1790-1820-first-12-flash-cards/
Sugar Act
(1764) First law ever passed by the crown for raising tax revenue in the colonists for the
crown. Duty on imported sugar from the West Indies. Lowered substantially in response to
widespread protests.
https://quizlet.com/6848514/apush-vocab-927-1-25-flash-cards/
(Related) Sugar Act
law passed by the British Parliament setting taxes on molasses and sugar imported by the
colonies
https://quizlet.com/6848514/apush-vocab-927-1-25-flash-cards/
(Related) Sugar Act (1764)
The first parliamentary act bent on turning a revenue in the colonies. This law cut the
tariff on Molasses in half, and levied new taxes on imports of foreign textiles, wine,
coffee, indigo, and sugar.
https://quizlet.com/6848514/apush-vocab-927-1-25-flash-cards/
(Related) Sugar Act of 1764
First law passed by Parliament that raised tax revenues in the colonies for the crown. It
increased duty on foreign sugar imported from the West Indies.
https://quizlet.com/6848514/apush-vocab-927-1-25-flash-cards/
(Related) Sugar Act
1764 tax on imports (sugar, coffee, wine, and other colonial imports) effects; price of
goods went up, James Otis "No taxation with out representation"
https://quizlet.com/6848514/apush-vocab-927-1-25-flash-cards/
Stamp Act Congress, 1765
Attempted to unite all the colonies against a common enemy (the Stamp Act/Britain), but
only achieved having 9 colonies attend.
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(Related) Stamp Act congress
gathered in New York City in October of 1765 and issued a set of resolutions protesting the
loss of American "rights and liberties"
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(Related) Stamp Act Congress of 1765
Colonists outcried against the stamp tax. In 1765 there formed a Stamp Act Congress which
gathered in New York City, 27 delegates from nine colonies. The members debated and then
drew up a statement of their rights and grievences and asked the king and Parliament to
repeal the offensive legislation.Beginning of the steps toward intercolonial unity.
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(Related) Stamp Act Congress
A group of colonial representatives meeting in New Jersey to discuss the legality of the
Stamp Act. Was called together by the Massachusetts circular letter.
https://quizlet.com/4126159/ap-us-history-road-to-revolution-flash-cards/
(Related) Stamp Act Congress
A meeting of delegations from many of the colonies, the congress was formed to protest the
newly passed Stamp Act in 1765. It adopted a declaration of rights as well as sent letters
of complaints to the king and parliament; the first sign of colonial unity and organized
resistance.
https://quizlet.com/4126159/ap-us-history-road-to-revolution-flash-cards/
Patrick Henry
Made a dramatic speech to the Virginia House of Burgesses in May 1765. "Virginia Resolves"
were his resolutions for the colonies on taxes. No taxing unless by the Virginia House.
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(Related) Patrick Henry
a leader of the American Revolution and a famous orator who spoke out against British rule
of the American colonies (1736-1799), "Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death"
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(Related) Patrick Henry
One of the politicians who helped the movement to Independence in Virginia during the
1770s, he's one of the Founding Fathers, and led oppositions to many of the oppressive
Acts. Known for "Give me Laverty or give me Death!"
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(Related) Patrick Henry
Patrick Henry was the American orator who urged colonists to take up arms against the
British, proclaiming, "I know not what course others may take; but as for me... give me
liberty or give me death!"
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Benjamin Franklin
Symbol of the American Enlightenment for his efforts to improve society through science,
inventions, and civic organizations. Ran away as a boy, built a successful printing
business, printing most notably "Poor Richard's Almanack". Published his own "Snake
Device", considered the first political cartoon in the colonies
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(Related) Benjamin Franklin
American public official, writer, scientist, and printer. After the success of his Poor
Richard's Almanac (1732-1757), he entered politics and played a major part in the American
Revolution. He negotiated French support for the colonists, signed the Treaty of Paris
(1783), and helped draft the Constitution (1787-1789). His numerous scientific and
practical innovations include the lightning rod, bifocal spectacles, and a stove.
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(Related) Benjamin Franklin
He owned a successful printing and publishing company in Philadelphia. He conducted studies
of electricity, invented bifocal glasses, the lighting rod, and the stove. He was a
important diplomat and statesman and eventually signed the Declaration of Independence and
the Constitution of the United States.
https://quizlet.com/1186210/ap-us-history-chapter-5-flash-cards/
(Related) Benjamin Franklin
American public official, writer, scientist, and printer. After the success of his Poor
Richard's Almanac (1732-1757), he entered politics and played a major part in the American
Revolution. Franklin negotiated French support for the colonists, signed the Treaty of
Paris (1783), and helped draft the Constitution (1787-1789). His numerous scientific and
practical innovations include the lightning rod, bifocal spectacles, and a stove.
https://quizlet.com/1186210/ap-us-history-chapter-5-flash-cards/
(Related) Benjamin Franklin
During the Revolutionary War, Benjamin Franklin served as an ambassador to France. Franklin
was the oldest delegate to the Constitutional Convention and his advice proved crucial in
the drafting of the Constitution. Franklin has often been held up as the paradigm of
Enlightenment throughout in Colonial America because of his contributions to the fields of
science and philosophy
https://quizlet.com/1186210/ap-us-history-chapter-5-flash-cards/
Declaratory Act of 1766
1766 Parliament repealed the Stamp Act and passed this act which reaffirmed Parliament's
right to "bind" the colonies. Line in sand drawn.
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(Related) Declaratory Act
(1766) Passed alongside the repeal of the Stamp Act. It reaffirmed Parliament's unqualified
sovereignty over the North American colonies.
https://quizlet.com/1136635/apush-ch-34-flash-cards/
(Related) Declaratory Act
In 1766, the English Parliament repealed the Stamp Act and at the same time signed the
Declaratory Act. This document stated that Parliament had the right "to bind" the colonies
"in all cases whatsoever." It is important in history because it stopped the violence and
rebellions against the tax on stamps. Also, it restarted trade with England, which had
temporarily stopped as a defiant reaction to the Stamp Act.
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(Related) Declaratory Act
Act passed in 1766 just after the repeal of the Stamp Act. Stated that Parliament could
legislate for the colonies in all cases.
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(Related) Declaratory Act
Parliament has right to make laws w/o colonial consent; is introduced after parliament
repeals Stamp Act
https://quizlet.com/1136635/apush-ch-34-flash-cards/
Quartering Act, 1765
Forced colonists to house British. Anger developed at Britain and the soldiers, as they had
no purpose in being in the colonies
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(Related) Quartering Act
Was an act enforced by the British on their North American colonies. It required colonist
to provide adequate housing and basic necessities like food to the troops.
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(Related) Quartering Act
1765Measure required that certain colonies provide food and quarters to the British troops.
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(Related) Quartering Act
In 1765 required the colonials to provide food, lodging, and supplies for the British
troops in the colonies in order to cut down maintenance cost of the colonial garrison. IT
angered many colonists, and influenced the third amendment.
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(Related) Quartering act
March 24, 1765 - Required the colonials to provide food, lodging, and supplies for the
British troops in the colonies.
https://quizlet.com/23138950/apush-vocab-1763-1775-flash-cards/
Townshend Acts
Taxes various practical goods
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(Related) Townshend Acts
(1767) External/ indirect levies on glass, white lead, paper, and tea, the proceeds of
which were used to pay colonial governors who had previously been paid directly by colonial
assemblies. Sparked another wave of protests.
https://quizlet.com/98981240/apush-chapter-6-flash-cards/
(Related) Townshend Acts
In 1767 "Champagne Charley" Townshend persuaded Parliament to pass the Townshend Acts.
These acts put a light import duty on such things as glass, lead, paper, and tea. The acts
met slight protest from the colonists, who found ways around the taxes such as buying
smuggled tea. Due to its minute profits, the Townshend Acts were repealed in 1770, except
for the tax on tea. The tax on tea was kept to keep alive the principle of Parliamentary
taxation.
https://quizlet.com/98981240/apush-chapter-6-flash-cards/
(Related) Townshend Acts
tax on glass, tea, and paper; provided for search of private homes for smuggled goods; to
pay crown officials in the colonies; suspended new York's assembly for that colony's
defiance of the Quartering Act.
https://quizlet.com/98981240/apush-chapter-6-flash-cards/
Vice Admiralty Courts
made to settle disputes between merchants and seamen, judges were paid extra to find people
guilty
https://quizlet.com/1228916/ap-us-history-chapter-7-flash-cards/
(Related) Admiralty Courts
horrible british courts in america. juries were not allowed, and the burden of proof was on
the defendant. used to strictly enforce taxes.
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(Related) Admiralty Courts
courts held outside of the colonies in which they had no jury, held the burden of proof,
and was considered guilty until proven innocent; this was a great example of the colonists'
basic rights as Englishmen gradually disappearing
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(Related) Vice-Admiralty Courts
military tribunals composed only of a judge, not local common-law jury, Sugar Act required
that offenders be tried in these courts rather than local courts, provoking opposition from
smugglers accustomed to acquittal before sympathetic local juries
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(Related) Admiralty Courts
Used to try offenders for violating various Navigation Acts passed by the crown after the
French and Indian War. Colonists argued that the courts encroached on their rights as
Englishmen since they lacked juries and placed the burden of proof [on] the accused.
https://quizlet.com/1228916/ap-us-history-chapter-7-flash-cards/
In the face of economic shortages and the British military occupation of some regions, men
and women mobilized in large numbers to provide financial and material support to the
Patriot movement.
Maryland Committee of CorrespondenceMinutemen of Massachussetts
https://quizlet.com/96928807/apush-key-concepts-3-cont-flash-cards/
Radical Whigs
A group of British political commentators, who feared the threat to liberty posed by the
power of the monarchs. Mounted attacks on the use of patronage and bribes by the king's
ministers. They also warned the citizens to guard themselves against corruption.
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(Related) Radical Whigs
Second idea that shaped American political though derived from British political
commentators. The Whigs feared that the liberty of the people was threatened by the whim of
the monarch.
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(Related) Radical Whigs
a group of British political commentators, made attacks on the use of patronage and bribes
by the king's ministers. they warned citizens to be on guard for possible corruption.
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(Related) How did the Radical Whigs influence the American colonists?
Warning citizens to be on guard against corruption and to be eternally vigilant against
possible conspiracies to deny them of hard won liberties, Radical Whigs predisposed
American colonists to be on hair-trigger alert to any threat to their rights.
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(Related) Radical Whigs
British political commentators whose ideas fundamentally shaped American political thought.
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(Related) Radical Whigs beliefs
Whigs feared liberty was being threatened by the power of the monarch and ministers related
to elected representatives in Parliament.
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(Related) Radical Whigs disliked...
King's minsters used patronage and bribes, which were symptoms of moral failure in society
called corruption. Whigs warned citizens that corruption would rob them of their hard
earned liberties.
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Sons of Liberty
A radical political organization for colonial independence which formed in 1765 after the
passage of the Stamp Act. They incited riots and burned the customs houses where the
stamped British paper was kept. After the repeal of the Stamp Act, many of the local
chapters formed the Committees of Correspondence which continued to promote opposition to
British policies towards the colonies. The Sons leaders included Samuel Adams and Paul
Revere.
https://quizlet.com/47827779/apush-2-flash-cards/
(Related) Sons of Liberty
A radical political organization for colonial independence which formed in 1765 after the
passage of the Stamp Act. They incited riots and burned the customs houses where the
stamped British paper was kept. After the repeal of the Stamp Act, many of the local
chapters formed the Committees of Correspondence which continued to promote opposition to
British policies towards the colonies. The Sons leaders included Samuel Adams and Paul
Revere.-One of many rebellion groups against the british -Caused a lot of conflictEventually helped clones gain freedom
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(Related) Sons of Liberty
An organization established in 1765, these members (usually in the middle or upper class)
resisted the Stamp Act of 765. Even though the Stamp Act was repealed in 1766, the Sons of
Liberty combined with the Daughters of Liberty remained active in resistance movements.
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(Related) Sons of Liberty
A radical political organization for colonial independence which formed in 1765 after the
passage of the Stamp Act. They incited riots and burned the customs houses where the
stamped British paper was kept. After the repeal of the Stamp Act, many of the local
chapters formed the Committees of Correspondence which continued to promote opposition to
British policies towards the colonies. The Sons leaders included Samuel Adams and Paul
Revere.
https://quizlet.com/47827779/apush-2-flash-cards/
(Related) Sons of Liberty
A radical political organization for colonial independence which formed in 1765 after the
passage of the Stamp Act. They incited riots and burned the customs houses where the
stamped British paper was kept. After the repeal of the Stamp Act, many of the local
chapters formed the Committees of Correspondence which continued to promote opposition to
British policies towards the colonies. The Sons leaders included Samuel Adams and Paul
Revere.
https://quizlet.com/47827779/apush-2-flash-cards/
Daughters of Liberty
An organization formed by women prior to the American Revolution They got together to
protest treatment of the colonies by their British Rulers. They also had a large influence
during the war, although not as large an influence as the sons of liberty. For example, in
the countryside, while Patriots supported the non-importation movements of 1765, and 1769,
the Daughters of Liberty continued to support American resistance. They helped end the
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Stamp Act in 1766. In 1774, the patriot women helped influence a decision made by the
Continental Congress to boycott all British goods.
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(Related) Sons and Daughters of Liberty
Led by Sam Adams and John Hancock. They led mobs to harass English soldiers, tar and
feathered loyalists and destroyed stamp offices. They even killed stamp collectors.
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(Related) Sons and Daughters of Liberty
male and female organizations that enforced the nonimportation agreements, sometimes by
coercive means
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(Related) Daughters of Liberty
This orginization supported the boycott of British goods. They urged Americans to wear
homemade fabrics and produce other goods that were previously available only from Britain.
They believed that way, the American colonies would become economically independent.
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Committees of Correspondence
Samuel Adams started the first committee in Boston in 1772 to spread propaganda and secret
information by way of letters. They were used to sustain opposition to British policy. The
committees were extremely effective and a few years later almost every colony had one. This
is another example of the colonies breaking away from Europe to become Americans.
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(Related) Committees of Correspondence
Committees formed in Massachusetts and other colonies in the pre-Revolutionary period to
keep Americans informed about British measures that would affect the colonies.
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(Related) Committees of Correspondence (1772)
Organized by patriot leader Samuel Adams, was a system of communication between patriot
leaders in New England and throughout the colonies. They provided the organization
necessary to unite the colonies in opposition to Parliament. The committees sent delegates
to the First Continental Congress.
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(Related) Committees of Correspondence
Organization founded by Samuel Adams consisting of a system of communication between
patriot leaders in New England and throughout the colonies
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(Related) Committees of Correspondence
Committees of Correspondence, organized by patriot leader Samuel Adams, was a system of
communication between patriot leaders in New England and throughout the colonies. They
provided the organization necessary to unite the colonies in opposition to Parliament. The
committees sent delegates to the First Continental Congress.
https://quizlet.com/16636603/apush-chapter-6-1750-1776-flash-cards/
Nonimportation Agreements
(1765 and after) Boycotts against British goods adopted in response to the Stamp Act and
later, The Townshend and Intolerable Acts. The agreements were the most effective form of
protest against British policies in the colonies.
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(Related) Nonimportation agreements
Congress adopted these agreements against British goods. Colonists stopped buying British
goods and started making their own clothes. These agreements brought colonial unity and
united the American people for the first time.
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(Related) Nonimportation Agreements and Colonial Unity
The agreements allowed common men and women to participate in colonial protests. People who
stood on the sidelines could sign petitions that supported the boycotts. Public defiance
helped spread the resistance through out the society.
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Boston Massacre
An event that killed five Boston colonist by British troops. It was sparked by a colonial
rebellion in result of British taxes and the British opened fire.
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(Related) Boston Massacre
The first bloodshed of the American Revolution, as British guards at the Boston Customs
House opened fire on a crowd killing five americans
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(Related) Boston Massacre
In March 1770, a crowd of colonists protested against British customs agents and the
presence of British troops in Boston. Violence flared and five colonists were killed.
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(Related) Boston Massacre (1770)
An incident in which British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists who were teasing and
taunting them; five colonists were killed. Historical Significance:Boston's radicals used
to incident to wage an Anti-British propaganda war.
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Boston Tea Party
(1773) in protest of the Tea Act, a band of colonists, led by Sam Adams, disguised as
Indians, rowed out to the boat and dumped the tea chests into the harbor. Generally
approved by colonists
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(Related) Boston Tea Party
Was a reaction by the colonists of the British. The colonist disguised as Indians boarded a
British ship and threw tea into the harbor on December 16, 1773.
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(Related) Boston Tea Party
On December 16th, 1773, a group of artisans and laborers disguised as Indians boarded the
Dartmouth and dumped 342 chests of tea into Boston harbor in protest of the Tea Act
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(Related) Boston Tea Party
a 1773 protest in which colonists dressed as Indians dumped British tea into Boston harbor
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(Related) Boston Tea Party
On December 16, 1773, a band of Bostonians, disguised as Indians, boarded the ships and
dumped the tea into the sea. (Boston Tea Party)
https://quizlet.com/2003914/apush-1763-1775-flash-cards/
Regulator Movement
movement in North Carolina that was an insurrection against eastern domination of colony's
affairs; spearheaded by Scots-Irish; many who participated in this later joined American
revolutionaries (including presidents, ex. Andrew Jackson)
https://quizlet.com/2800718/ap-us-history-terms-test-2-flash-cards/
(Related) Regulator Movement
A movement during the 1760's by western North Carolinians, mainly Scots-Irish, who resented
the way that the Eastern part of the state dominated political affairs. They believed that
the tax money was being unevenly distributed. Many of its members joined the American
Revolutionists.
https://quizlet.com/2800718/ap-us-history-terms-test-2-flash-cards/
(Related) Regulator Movement
(1764-1771) Uprising in North Carolina, lower class citizens took up arms against corrupt
colonial officials who took advantage of the system.
https://quizlet.com/2800718/ap-us-history-terms-test-2-flash-cards/
(Related) Regulator Movement
It was a movement during the 1760's by western North Carolinians, mainly Scots-Irish, that
resented the way that the Eastern part of the state dominated political affairs. They
believed that the tax money was being unevenly distributed. Many of its members joined the
American Revolutionists.
https://quizlet.com/2800718/ap-us-history-terms-test-2-flash-cards/
Paxton Boys
had a march on Philadelphia in 1764, protesting Quaker tolerance of Indians; the ScotsIrish had a large role in this group
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(Related) Paxton Boys
1763: Scots-Irish farmers who were upset by disputes over western land; In western
pennsylvania leads to the paxton boys killing 20 peaceful indians. When the quaker
government tried to try and punish them, mobs marched on philadelphia and Ben Franklin has
to stop it. Feeling of racial hatred/resentment arise; first conflict of western expansion
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(Related) Paxton Boys
They were a group of Scots-Irish men living in the Appalachian hills that wanted protection
from Indian attacks. They made an armed march on Philadelphia in 1764. They protested the
lenient way that the Quakers treated the Indians. Their ideas started the Regulator
Movement in North Carolina.
https://quizlet.com/5910272/chapter-5-apush-toy-flash-cards/
(Related) Paxton Boys
They were a group of Scots-Irish men living in the Appalachian hills that wanted protection
from Indian attacks. They made an armed march on Philadelphia in 1764. They protested the
lenient way that the Quakers treated the Indians. Their ideas started the Regulator
Movement in North Carolina.
https://quizlet.com/5910272/chapter-5-apush-toy-flash-cards/
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(Related) Paxton Boys
A mob of Pennsylvania Scots-Irish Immigrants who led a revolt to protest colonial policies
towards Native Americans
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First Continental Congress
A convention of delegates from twelve of the thirteen colonies (not the Province of
Georgia) that met on September 5, 1774 at Carpenter's Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania as
a response to the Coercive (Intolerable Acts). The First Continental Congress was
significant because the boycotts were successful (non exportation of goods to Britian, West
Indies nonimportation of British goods). Also, the Second Continental Congress was a
result.
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(Related) First Continental Congress (1774)
All colonies but Georgia went to this Congress in Philadelphia in 1774 to determine how the
colonies should react to what, from their viewpoint, seemed to pose an alarming threat to
their rights and liberties; no talk of secession from England, just wanted to protest
parliamentary acts and restore the relationship they had with Britain before the French and
Indian War
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(Related) First Continental Congress
1774--PhiladelphiaMet to discuss their concerns over Parliament's dissoltions of the New
York (for refusing to pay to quarter troops), Massachusetts (for the Boston Tea Party), and
Virginia Assemblies. It rejected the plan for a unified colonial government, stated
grievances against the crown called the Declaration of Rights, resolved to prepare
militias, and created the Continental Association to enforce a new non-importation
agreement through Committees of Vigilence. In response, in February, 1775, Parliament
declared the colonies to be in rebellion
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(Related) First Continental Congress
Delagates from all colonies except georgia met to discuss problems with britain and to
promote independence
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73-Battle of Bunker Hill
-Bunker Hill was an American post overlooking Boston; the stronghold allowed Americans to
contain General Gage and his troops.-Colonists twice turned back a British frontal assault;
held off British untilBunker Hill force ran out of ammunition and was overrun.-American's
strong defince led to strengthened morale-June 17, 1775
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(Related) Battle of Bunker Hill
May 1775Tiny American force under Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold surprised and captured
the British garrisons at Ticonderoga and Crown Point in Upper New York.Gunpowder and
artillary for the siege at Boston was obtained.June 1775 Colonists siezed Bunker Hill
(Breed's Hill).Americans numbering 1500 soldiers slaughtered the advancing redcoats.
Colonists were short on gunpowder and were foced to abandon the hill.
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(Related) Battle of Bunker Hill
(June 17, 1775; First major battle of the Revolutionary War) After a bloody battle in which
many British redcoats were killed, the Americans were forced to withdraw after running out
of ammunition, and Bunker Hill was in British hands. Significance: the Americans could hold
their own, but the British were not easy to defeat. (Note: The battle actually occurred on
Breed's Hill, not Bunker Hill.)
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(Related) Battle of Bunker Hill
First major battle, showed that the Americans had a big potential to win, but the British
were not that easy to defeat. the Americans were forced to withdraw after running out of
ammunition, and Bunker Hill was in British hands. But the British had many more deaths.
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(Related) Battle of Bunker Hill
First major battle of the Revolutions. It showed that the Americans could hold their own,
but the British were also not easy to defeat. Ultimately, the Americans were forced to
withdraw after running out of ammunition, and Bunker Hill was in British hands. However,
the British suffered more deaths.
https://quizlet.com/7897277/apush-bunker-hill-doi-flash-cards/
Battles of Lexington and Concord
the British soldiers were coming to confiscate military supplies stockpiled at Concord, but
Bostonians had already warned Concord; when the British arrived at Lexington, militia men
were mustered on the common, and withdrew because they could not fight; the British
attacked and killed a few men, so Concord retaliated and chased the British back to Boston
in a running battle and camped outside of the city for almost a year along with militias
from around the country
https://quizlet.com/6930215/chapter-7-8-apush-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) The Battles of Lexington and Concord
The battles of Lexington and Concord initiated the Revolutionary War between the American
colonists and the British. British governor Thomas Gage sent troops to Concord to stop the
colonists who were loading arms. The next day, on April 19, 1775, the first shots were
fired in Lexington, starting the war. The battles resulted in a British retreat to Boston
https://quizlet.com/6930215/chapter-7-8-apush-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Battles of Lexington and Concord
1775
https://quizlet.com/6930215/chapter-7-8-apush-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Battles of Lexington and Concord
These battles initiated the Revolutionary War between the American colonists and the
British. British governor Thomas Gage sent troops to Concord to stop the colonists who were
loading arms. The next day, on April 19, 1775, the first shots were fired in Lexington,
starting the war. The battles resulted in a British retreat to Boston
https://quizlet.com/6930215/chapter-7-8-apush-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Lexington and Concord
the first battle of the American Revolution (April 19, 1775), first "battles"; meant to get
suppies from militia, but shots exchanged between minutemen and the british as the british
continued to concord; Americans ambushed british, killing 300
https://quizlet.com/6930215/chapter-7-8-apush-vocab-flash-cards/
Second Continental Congress
Met in Philadelphia three weeks after the battles of Lexington and Concord. Delegates from
all colonies, except Georgia, who had not yet sent a representative, met and agreed to
support the war, although they did not agree with the purpose of it. There were two sides,
at one extreme was a group led by John and Samuel Adams, Richard Henry Lee, and others,
these people had already favored independence and wanted to gain it from the war. At the
other end of the extreme was a group led by such moderates like John Dickinson who hoped
for a quick reconciliation with Great Britian.
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(Related) Second Continental Congress
intercolonial assembly that met in Philadelphia on May 10, 1775; all thirteen colonies were
represented; still wanted to just get British acts repealed and wrote new appeals to
British people and king, but raised money to create an army and navy
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(Related) Second Continental Congress
The Second Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies
that met beginning on May 10, 1775, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, soon after warfare in
the American Revolutionary War had begun. It succeeded the First Continental Congress,
which met briefly during 1774, also in Philadelphia. The second Congress managed the
colonial war effort, and moved incrementally towards independence, adopting the United
States Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. By raising armies, directing strategy,
appointing diplomats, and making formal treaties, the Congress acted as the de facto
national government of what became the United States.[1] With the ratification of the
Articles of Confederation, the Congress became known as the Congress of the Confederation.
https://quizlet.com/6569629/apush-chapter-8-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Second Continental Congress-(1775-1781)
Representative body of delegates from all thirteen colonies. Drafted the Declaration of
Independence and managed the colonial war effort.
https://quizlet.com/6569629/apush-chapter-8-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Second Continental Congress
(May 1775-March 1780) The Second Continental Congress convened on May 10, 1775. The
Congress took on governmental duties and united all the colonies for the war effort. On
July 4, 1776, they adopted the Declaration of Independence.
https://quizlet.com/6569629/apush-chapter-8-vocab-flash-cards/
"common sense" was published on january 10th, 1776 (anonymously)
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(Related) Common Sense
Common Sense written in 1776 was one of the most potent pamphlets ever written. It called
for the colonists to realize their mistreatment and push for independence from England. The
author Thomas Paine introduced such ideas as nowhere in the universe sis a smaller heavenly
body control a larger. For this reason their is no reason for England to have control over
the vast lands of America. The pamphlet with its high-class journalism as well as
propaganda sold a total of 120,000 copies within a few months.
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(Related) Why was Common Sense important?
A pamphlet written in America by Englishman Thomas Paine, published on January 10, 1776. It
called for American independence and a union of the American colonies, and as propaganda,
it influenced colonists to pursue both in the Revolutionary War.
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(Related) Thomas Paine and Common Sense
an English man who moved to America and wrote a pamphlet that explained why Americans
should not be angry at parliament, after all the problem was really in the English
constitution, which had apparently caused harm to its own people and could not govern
another area. The pamphlet was very popular in the colonies were 100, 000 copies were sold
in a few months, and helped create support for the idea of American independence
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(Related) Common Sense
• Thomas Paine published the pamphlet Common Sense in 1776, in which argued that the
colonists should free themselves from British rule and establish an independent government
based on Enlightenment ideals - one that would protect man's natural rights. Common Sense
became so popular that many historians credit it with dissolving the final barriers to the
fight for independence.
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Valley Forge
In Pennsylvania where Washington's army spent the winter of 1777-1778, a 4th of troops died
here from disease and malnutriton, Steuben comes and trains troops
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(Related) Valley Forge
(1777-1778) encampment where George Washington's poorly equipped army spent a long,
freezing winter. Hundreds of men died and over a thousand deserted. Reflected the main
weakness of the American army: lack of stable supplies and munitions.
https://quizlet.com/2982554/chapter-6-ap-us-history-flash-cards/
(Related) Valley Forge
Place where Washington's army spent the winter of 1777-1778, a 4th of troops died here from
disease and malnutriton, Steuben comes and trains troops
https://quizlet.com/2982554/chapter-6-ap-us-history-flash-cards/
(Related) 192. Major battles: Saratoga, Valley Forge
In 1777, British General John Burgoyne attacked southward from Canada along the Hudson
Valley in New York, hoping to link up with General Howe in New York City, thereby cutting
the colonies in half. Burgoyne was defeated by American General Horatio Gates on October
17, 1777, at the Battle of Saratoga, surrendering the entire British Army of the North.
Valley Forge was not a battle; it was the site where the Continental Army camped during the
winter of 1777- '78, after its defeats at the Battles of the Brandywine and Germantown. The
Continental Army suffered further casualties at Valley Forge due to cold and disease.
Washington chose the site because it allowed him to defend the Continental Congress if
necessary, which was then meeting in York, Pennsylvania after the British capture of
Philadelphia.
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The Battle of Saratoga
October 17, 1777 - The battle took place in New York. The British were outnumbered and were
forced to surrender. The colonist victory was a turning point in the war because it
inspired the French to help the colonists fight the British.
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(Related) Battle of Saratoga
Turning point of the American Revolution. It was very important because it convinced the
French to give the U.S. military support. It lifted American spirits, ended the British
threat in New England by taking control of the Hudson River, and, most importantly, showed
the French that the Americans had the potential to beat their enemy, Great Britain.1777
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(Related) Battle of Saratoga
After Burgoyne had captured Fort Ticonderoga in July 1777 his troops ran into trouble and
became exhausted, supplies ran short, etc. He then sent an expedition to Bennington to
capture American supplies but a force of New England militia met them and defeated them.
his men were surrounded near Saratoga by the Continental Army, he surrendered. This battle
was the turning point of the war and convinced France to aid the American cause.
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(Related) Battle of Saratoga
(October 17, 1777) American forces under Horatio Gates forced John Burgoyne to surrender
his entire command. Significance: the battle which was the turning point of the Revolution;
after the colonists won this major victory, the French decided to support the colonies with
money, troops, ships, etc.
https://quizlet.com/2874194/apush-unit-2-flash-cards/
(Related) Battle of Saratoga
Turning point of the American Revolution. It was very important because it convinced the
French to give the U.S. military support. It lifted American spirits, ended the British
threat in New England by taking control of the Hudson River, and, most importantly, showed
the French that the Americans had the potential to beat their enemy, Great Britain.
https://quizlet.com/2874194/apush-unit-2-flash-cards/
Franco-American Alliance
1778 a defensive alliance between the French and Americans formed in the midst of the
American Revolution, which promised military support in case case of attack by British
forces. It was established by delegates of King Louis XVI of France and the 2nd Continental
Congress
https://quizlet.com/51758967/ap-us-history-vocabulary-for-chapter-6-flash-cards/
(Related) Franco-American Alliance
Alliance made after Battle of Saratoga considered necessary in securing America's victory.
https://quizlet.com/51758967/ap-us-history-vocabulary-for-chapter-6-flash-cards/
Declaration of Independence
Formally approved by the Congress on July 4, 1776. This "shout heard round the world" has
been a source of inspiration to countless revolutionary movements against arbitrary
authority. The document sharply separated Loyalists from Patriots and helped to start the
American Revolution by allowing England to hear of the colonists disagreements with British
authority.
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(Related) Declaration of Independence
a formal draft of a resolution created by the continental congress, which broke all ties
with the independent states of America and the British government and crown, created the
idea in America that the colonies were now "states".
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(Related) Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence was approved by Congress on July 4, 1776. drafted by Thomas
Jefferson, it formalized the colonies' separation from Britain and laid out the
Enlightenment values (best expressed by John Locke) of natural rights to "life, liberty,
and the pursuit of happiness" upon which the American Revolution was based.
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(Related) Declaration of Independence
(July 4, 1776) Document approved by the Continental Congress that announced the separation
of 13 North American British colonies from Britain. The armed conflict during the American
Revolution gradually convinced the colonists that separation from Britain was essential.
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(Related) What does the Declaration of Independence say?
Answer in your own words
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(Related) Declaration of Independence
Document meant to cut all ties with Britain and make the "United States" an official,
independent country; consisted of three major parts: preamble, list of 27 grievances of the
colonies, formal declaration of independence
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Republican Motherhood
suggested that women would be responsible for raising/ educating their children to be
virtuous citizens of the new American republic
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(Related) 76. Republican Motherhood
Date: 1780-1830Historical Era: Critical PeriodDefinition: This was the idea that gave women
more purpose to educate and nurture the future of america. It was the women's new job to
educate and instill republican ideals in the young minds of the youthSignificance: This
gave women more purpose in life and lead to more social importance
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(Related) Republican Motherhood
An idea linked to republicanism that elevated the role of women. It gave them the
prestigious role as the special keepers of the nation's conscience Its roots were from the
idea that a citizen should be to his country as a mother is to her child.
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(Related) republican motherhood
selfless devotion of a mother to her family was often cited as the very lmodel of proper
republican behavior; elevated women to a newly prestigious role as the special keepers of
the nation's conscience
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Articles of Confederation
(1781) first American constitution that established the United States as a loose
confederation of states under a weak national Congress, whichw as not granted the power to
regulate commerce or collect taxes; Articles were replaced by a more efficent Constitution
in 1789
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(Related) strengths of articles of confederation
1. Governed nation during the American Revolutionary War (raised army, paid soldiers) 2.
Negotiated the Treaty of Paris at end of war (established independence from Britain and set
boundaries for US) 3. Passed the Land Ordinance of 1785 - (townships and free public
education) 4. Passed the Northwest Ordinance how new territory settled and settlers'
rights (Outlawed slavery, guaranteed freedom of religion, trial by jury)
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(Related) weaknesses of articles of confederation
Each state had one vote in Congress, Laws must be approved by 9 or 13 states, amendments
had to be approved by all 13 states, Congress cannot tax, Congress cannot control trade
between states or with foreign countries, No executive or judicial branch, Congress had to
ask the states for $
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(Related) Articles of Confederation
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This document, the nation's first constitution, was adopted by the Second Continental
Congress in 1781 during the Revolution. The document was limited because states held most
of the power, and Congress lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or control coinage.
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(Related) Articles of Confederation
Adopted in 1777 during the Revolutionary War, the Articles established the United States of
America. The Articles granted limited powers to the central government, reserving most
powers for the states. The result was a poorly defined national state that couldn't govern
the country's finances or maintain stability. The Constitution replaced them in 1789
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Constitutional Convention, 1787
In May 1787, Congress called a convention for the purpose of revising the Articles.
Representatives from every state except Rhode Island attended; they were mostly propertied
men, but they did not shape the constitution for their own financial interests. Sessions
were held in secrecy--delegates knew that there would be heated debates and did not want to
advertise/spread their arguments. Prominent attendees included George Washington, who
served as chairman, James Madison, "the Father of the Constitution", Benjamin Franklin, who
added the urbanity of an elder statesman, and Alexander Hamilton, who advocated a powerful
central govt. (Jefferson and Adams were away serving at diplomatic posts in Europe; some
revolutionary leaders such as P. Henry did not think that the Founding Fathers had the
authority to create a new government and therefore boycotted the convention.) At the
convention, the FFs came up with a series of compromises.
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(Related) Constitutional Convention
In response to the Annapolis Convention's suggestion, Congress called for the states to
send delegates to Philadelphia to amend the Articles of Confederation. Delegates came to
the convention in May 1787, and drafted an entirely new framework that would give greater
powers to the central government. This document became the Constitution.
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Northwest Ordinance
The 1787 Northwest Ordinance defined the process by which new states could be admitted into
the Union from the Northwest Territory. The ordinance forbade slavery in the territory but
allowed citizens to vote on the legality of slavery once statehood had been established.
The Northwest Ordinance was the most lasting measure of the national government under the
Articles of Confederation
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(Related) Northwest Ordinance
(1787) created a policy for administering the Northwestern Territories; it included a path
to statehood and forbade the expansion of slavery into the territories
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(Related) Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Federal order that divided the Northwest Territory into smaller territories and created a
plan for how the territories could become states.
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(Related) Northwest Ordinance 1787
A major success of the Articles of Confederation. Set up the framework of a government for
the Northwest territory. The Ordinance provided that the Territory would be divided into 3
to 5 states, outlawed slavery in the Territory, and set 60,000 as the minimum population
for statehood.
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(Related) Northwest Ordinance
The 1787 Northwest Ordinance defined the process by which new states could be admitted into
the Union from the Northwest Territory. He ordinance forbade slavery in the territory but
allowed citizens to vote on the legality of slavery once statehood had been established.
The Northwest Ordinance was the most lasting measure of the national government under the
Articles of Confederation
https://quizlet.com/8686672/ap-us-history-unit-2-flash-cards/
Olive branch Petition
final peace offer sent by the Second Continental Congress to King George III
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(Related) "Olive Branch Petition"
On July 8, 1775, the colonies made a final offer of peace to Britain, agreeing to be loyal
to the British government if it addressed their grievances (repealed the Coercive Acts,
ended the taxation without representation policies). It was rejected by Parliament, which
in December 1775 passed the American Prohibitory Act forbidding all further trade with the
colonies.
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(Related) Olive Branch Petitionpg. 132Term #1
Who: King George IIIWhat: A final attempt by the Continental Congress to prevent all out
war. Affirmed American loyalty to the king and blamed the bloodshed on ministers. This was
rejected by the king.Where: 13 Colonies, EnglandWhen: mid-late 1770sWhy: The Olive Branch
Petition's rejection symbolized the absolute end of a semi-peaceful relationship between
the colonies and England.PERTS: Political-The failure of the petition showed that there was
no chance of preventing war and damaged the the standing of loyalists.
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(Related) Olive Branch Petition
Colonists pledged loyalty to king and asked to secure peace and protection of their rights.
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(Related) Olive Branch Petition
(July 8, 1775) The colonies' final offer of peace to Britain, agreeing to be loyal to the
British government if it addressed their grievances (repealed the Coercive Acts and ended
the taxation without representation policies). However, it was rejected by Parliament.
https://quizlet.com/28655171/apush-id-terms-chapters-5-6-flash-cards/
George Washington
Virginian, patriot, general, and president. Led the Revolutionary Army in the fight for
independence. First President of the United States. He established many of the presidential
traditions, including limiting a president's tenure to two terms. He was against political
parties and strove for political balance in government by appointing political adversaries
to government positions.
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(Related) George Washington
when Congress recognized the need for a centralized military in America, they chose
Washington as the single commander and chief, because of his considerable military
experience, being an advocate of independence, and he was admired and trusted by all
Patriots.
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(Related) George Washington
George Washington is called "the father of his country" for his crucial role in fighting
for, creating and leading the United States of America in its earliest days. Washington was
a surveyor, farmer and soldier who rose to command the Colonial forces in the Revolutionary
War. He held the ragtag Continental Army together -- most famously during a frigid
encampment at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania during the winter of 1777-78 -- and eventually led
them to victory over the British.
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(Related) Why was George Washington chosen as general of the American army?
He fought in the French and Indian Wars, was a surveyor and a commanding presence.
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(Related) George Washington
Initially the commander of Virginia's frontier troops, he was a colonel military leader for
the British in the French and Indian War (Fort Necessity). Later, he was Commander of the
Continental Army during the American Revolution. His greatest achievements were: (1) his
surprise victory at Trenton, (2) holding the army together at Valley Forge, and (3) his
major victory at Yorktown.
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Loyalist/Tories
The group of American colonist that remain loyal to the king during and after the American
Revolution. When the British lost the war many left the United States.
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(Related) Loyal Americans (Tories)
Loyal Americans, Loyalists, or Tories were American colonists who remained loyal to the
parliament and to the king. Loyalists opposed rebellions against the parliament's various
acts and taxes. They also very much hated Thomas Paine's "Common Sense". Loyalist were
cultural dissidents and were very much frowned upon my the rest of the colonists.
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(Related) Loyalists / Tories
The people who remained loyal to England during the Revolutionary war, they were against
the Patriots, and there were about 20% of the population when the war was over.
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(Related) Tories (Loyalists) (loyal to Britain)
- 20% of all colonial whites opposed rebellion- Both Tories and Whigs opposed Parliament's
claim to tax colonies- Tories claimed separation was illegal- Tories held a profound
reverence for crown
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(Related) Victories at Trenton and Princeton
- Boosted civilian and military morale- Wedge between loyalist and British army- Many
British soldiers looted both the loyalists and Whigs- Forced British to remove their
garrisons to NY- NY loyalism significantly decreased
https://quizlet.com/6846106/apush-chapter-5-terms-flash-cards/
Battle of Yorktown 1781
The U.S. government fell nearly bankrupt and British General Cornwallis fell back to
Chesapeake Bay at Yorktown to await seaborne supplies and reinforcements. With the help of
the French, who were in the West Indies, they attacked the British on American soil to take
down cornwallis.
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(Related) Battle of Yorktown
Last major battle of the Revolutionary War. Cornwallis and his troops were trapped in the
Chesapeake Bay by the French fleet. He was sandwiched between the French navy and the
American army. He surrendered October 19, 1781.
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(Related) Battle of Yorktown
(October 19, 1781; Last major battle of the Revolutionary War) American troops under George
Washington and Comte de Rochambeau trapped British troops under Charles Cornwallis and his
troops in the Chesapeake Bay, with the help of Admiral de Grasse and the French fleet.
Cornwallis was forced to surrender. Significance: although not the last of the fighting,
this signified the end of the war.
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Antifederalists
advocated for the States' rights
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(Related) Antifederalists
backcountry farmers
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(Related) Antifederalists
poor farmers
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(Related) Antifederalists
ill- educated and illiterate
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(Related) Antifederalists
debtors and paper money advocates
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(Related) Antifederalists
In general, the poorer classes of society
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(Related) Antifederalists
the articles of confederation were a good plan, they did not need ratification
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(Related) Antifederalists
opposed strong central government: opposed a standing army and a 10 square mile federal
stronghold (DC)
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(Related) Antifederalists
if we had a strong national government, the rights of the common people would be threatened
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(Related) Antifederalists
if we had a strong central government, the power of the state would be threatened
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(Related) Antifederalists
the constitution favored the wealthy men and preserved their power
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(Related) Antifederalists
CONSTITUTION LACKED A BILL OF RIGHTS
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(Related) Antifederalists
argued against the 2/3 ratification plan, because according to the Articles you needed
unanimous agreement to amend
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(Related) Antifederalists
opposed omitting any references to God
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(Related) Antifederalists
fearer the government more than the people
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(Related) Antifederalists
Sam Adams, Patrick Henry, George Mason
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(Related) Antifederalists
Opposed a strong central government, skeptical about undemocratic tendencies in the
Constitution, insisted on Bill of Rights; included Thomas Jefferson and James Monroe
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The Federalist (Federalist Papers)
written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison; a masterly series of articles
for the New York newspapers (commentary on the Consitution; most famous is Madison's No. 10
(refuted the idea that it was impossible to extend a republican form of government over a
large territory)
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(Related) Federalist Papers
The papers were a collection of essays written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James
Madison explaining how the new government/constitution would work. Their purpose was to
convince the New York state legislature to ratify the constitution, which it did.
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(Related) Federalist Papers
A compilation of articles advocating the ratification of the Constitution, main authors
included Alexander Hamilton and James Madison
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Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights, which consist of the first ten Constitutional Amendments, guarantee
certain rights to America citizens in all circumstances. This bill was put forth by AntiFederalists, who feared forms of government intrusion on personal liberties.
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(Related) GI Bill of Rights
Also known as Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 gave money to veterans to study in
colleges, universities, gave medical treatment, loans to buy a house or farm or start a new
business
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(Related) Bill Of Rights
Although the Anti-Federalists failed to block the ratification of the Constitution, they
did ensure that the Bill of Rights would be created to protect individuals from government
interference and possible tyranny. The Bill of Rights, drafted by a group led by James
Madison, consisted of the first ten amendments to the Constitution, which guaranteed the
civil rights of American citizens.
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Elastic Clause
In Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution, Congress is given the right to make all laws
"necessary and proper" to carry out the powers expressed in the other clauses of Article I.
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(Related) Elastic Clause
It states that Congress has the power "to make all Laws which shall be necessary and
proper" for governing the country. This was made due to the fact that no one knew what the
country would be like in the future, and therefore this clause gave congress power to
adjust to the times in order to preserve the strength of the union.
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(Related) elastic clause
the part of the Constitution that permits Congress to make any laws "necessary and proper"
to carrying out its powers
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(Related) elastic clause
the part of the Constitution that permits Congress to make any laws "necessary and proper"
to carrying out its powers
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democratic republicans
Led by Thomas Jefferson, believed people should have political power, favored strong STATE
governments, emphasized agriculture, strict interpretation of the Constitution, pro-French,
opposed National Bank
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Whiskey Rebellion
In 1794, farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey, and
several federal officers were killed in the riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest
warrants on the offenders. In October, 1794, the army, led by Washington, put down the
rebellion. The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react
swiftly and effectively to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government
under the Articles of Confederation to deal with Shay's Rebellion.
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(Related) Whiskey Rebellion
A small rebellion, that began in Southwestern Pennsylvania in 1794 that was a challenge to
the National Governments unjust use of an excise tax on an "economic medium of exchange"
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(Related) Whiskey Rebellion
In 1794, farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey, and
several federal officers were killed in the riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest
warrants on the offenders. In October, 1794, the army, led by Washington, put down the
rebellion. The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react
swiftly and effectively to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government
under the Articles of Confederation to deal with Shay's Rebellion.
https://quizlet.com/3290863/apush-vocab-terms-flash-cards/
(Related) Whiskey Rebellion
In 1794, farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey, and
several federal officers were killed in the riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest
warrants on the offenders. In October, 1794, the army, led by Washington, put down the
rebellion. The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react
swiftly and effectively to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government
under the Articles of Confederation to deal with Shay's Rebellion.
https://quizlet.com/3290863/apush-vocab-terms-flash-cards/
Neutrality Proclamation
Washington's declaration that the U.S. would not take sides after the French Revolution
touched off a war between France and a coalition consisting primarily of England, Austria
and Prussia. Washington's Proclamation was technically a violation of the Franco-American
Treaty of 1778.
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(Related) Neutrality Proclamation
issued by George Washington, established isolationist policy, proclaimed government's
official neutrality in widening European conflicts also warned American citizens about
intervening on either side of conflict
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(Related) Neutrality Proclamation
Washington's declaration that the U.S. would not take sides after the French Revolution
touched off a war between France and a coalition consisting primarily of England, Austria
and Prussia. Washington's Proclamation was technically a violation of the Franco-American
Treaty of 1778.
https://quizlet.com/3144771/apush-foreign-affairs-in-the-1790s-flash-cards/
(Related) Neutrality Proclamation of 1793
George Washington issued this proclamation shortly after the outbreak of war between
Britain and France. It proclaimed the government's official neutrality in the widening
conflict but sternly warned American citizens to be impartial to both armed camps. This
proclamation proved to be a major prop for the spreading isolationist tradition, but it was
enormously controversial (Jeffersonians were enraged because they were pro-French).
However, it ended up helping the French anyway, because if America had entered the war on
France's side, the British fleets would have blockaded the American coast. That would have
cut off the foodstuffs that the US provided to the French West Indies.
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XYZ Affair
1798 - A commission had been sent to France in 1797 to discuss the disputes that had arisen
out of the U.S.'s refusal to honor the Franco-American Treaty of 1778. President Adams had
also criticized the French Revolution, so France began to break off relations with the U.S.
Adams sent delegates to meet with French foreign minister Talleyrand in the hopes of
working things out. Talleyrand's three agents told the American delegates that they could
meet with Talleyrand only in exchange for a very large bribe. The Americans did not pay the
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bribe, and in 1798 Adams made the incident public, substituting the letters "X, Y and Z"
for the names of the three French agents in his report to Congress.
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(Related) XYZ Affair
An insult to the American delegation when they were supposed to be meeting French foreign
minister, Talleyrand, but instead they were sent 3 officials Adams called "X,Y, and Z" that
demanded $250,000 as a bribe to see Talleyrand.
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(Related) XYZ Affair
3 american delegates sent to France to negotiate, caused by British and French threatening
American shipping, French bribe delegates but US leaves
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(Related) XYZ Affair
a diplomatic incident in which American peace commissioners sent to France by John Adams in
1797 were insulted with bribe demands from their three French counterparts (dubbed X, Y,
and Z in newspapers); the incident heightened war fever against France
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(Related) XYZ Affair
When the French, outraged by Jay's treaty, begin violating the terms of the Franco-American
Treaty of 1778, President John Adams sends over three secret go-betweens to talk with
Talleyrand, the French foreign minister. The demanded a bribe of $250,000 in order to
merely talk with Talleyrand. This occurrence led to Naval Battles between the two
countries. But France, already at battling Britain, realized they did not wish to have one
more enemy added to their roster.
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Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
When: Kentucky Resolutions 1798-1799, Virginia Resolution 1798 Where:
Significance: These documents written by James Madison (Virginia) and
(Kentucky) supported the idea of having more self government and more
They opposed the Alien and Sedition Acts which extended the powers of
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Virginia and Kentucky
Thomas Jefferson
rights for states.
the federal national.
Alien and Sedition Acts
Purpose: federalists/John Adams wanted to silence their/his opponents (DemocraticRepublicans led by Jefferson)Alien Act made it more difficult for foreigners to become US
citizens (5 year to 14 year waiting requirement)Sedition Act made it illegal to criticize
the government
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(Related) Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798
Contains four parts: 1) Raised the residence requirement for American citizenship from 5 to
14 years. 2) Alien Act - Gave the President the power in peacetime to order any alien out
of the country. 3) Alien Enemies Act - permitted the President in wartime to jail aliens
when he wanted to. (No arrests made under the Alien Act or the Alien Enemies Act.) 4) The
Sedition Act - Key clause provided fines and jail penalties for anyone guilty of sedition.
Was to remain in effect until the next Presidential inauguration.
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(Related) Alien and Sedition Acts
These consist of four laws passed by the Federalist Congress and signed by President Adams
in 1798:- the Naturalization Act, which increased the waiting period for an immigrant to
become a citizen from 5 to 14 years- the Alien Act, which empowered the president to arrest
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and deport dangerous aliens- the Alien Enemy Act, which allowed for the arrest and
deportation of citizens of countries at war with the US- the Sedition Act, which made it
illegal to publish defamatory statements about the federal government or its officials.The
first 3 were enacted in response to the XYZ Affair, and were aimed at French and Irish
immigrants, who were considered subversives.The Sedition Act was an attempt to stifle
Democratic-Republican opposition, although only 25 people were ever arrested, and only 10
convicted, under the law.The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, which initiated the concept
of "nullification" of federal laws were written in response to the Acts.
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(Related) Alien and Sedition ActsCh 8, pg. 239
Alien and Sedition Acts- 1798, passed by Federalists a. Alien Enemies Act- deport
foreigners who came from countries that were at war with the U.S b. Alien Friends Actexpel any alien suspected with subversive activities c. Naturalization Act- increased the
residency requirement for citizenship to 14 years from 5 years d. Sedition Act- made it a
federal crime to conspire against the government or say or print anything against the
government e. Impact was that the Federalist were using these to hold onto power
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(Related) Alien and Sedition Acts
These consist of four laws passed by the Federalist Congress and signed by President Adams
in 1798: the Naturalization Act, which increased the waiting period for an immigrant to
become a citizen from 5 to 14 years; the Alien Act, which empowered the president to arrest
and deport dangerous aliens; the Alien Enemy Act, which allowed for the arrest and
deportation of citizens of countries at was with the US; and the Sedition Act, which made
it illegal to publish defamatory statements about the federal government or its officials.
The first 3 were enacted in response to the XYZ Affair, and were aimed at French and Irish
immigrants, who were considered subversives. The Sedition Act was an attempt to stifle
Democratic-Republican opposition, although only 25 people were ever arrested, and only 10
convicted, under the law. The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, which initiated the
concept of "nullification" of federal laws were written in response to the Acts.
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Quasi-War
- Undeclared war fought entirely at sea between the United States and France from 1798 to
1800. The French began to seize American ships trading with their British enemies.
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Revolution of 1800
Jefferson's view of his election to presidency. Jefferson claimed that the election of 1800
represented a return to what he considered the original spirit of the Revolution.
Jefferson's goals for his revolution were to restore the republican experiment, check the
growth of government power, and to halt the decay of virtue that had set in under
Federalist rule.
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(Related) Revolution of 1800
Electoral victory of Democratic Republicans over the Federalists, who lost their
Congressional majority and the presidency. The peaceful transfer of power between rival
parties solidified faith in America's political system
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(Related) Revolution of 1800
In the United States Presidential election of 1800, sometimes referred to as the
"Revolution of 1800," Vice President Thomas Jefferson defeated incumbent president John
Adams. The election was a realigning election that ushered in a generation of DemocraticRepublican Party rule and the eventual demise of the Federalist Party.
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Revolution of 1800
In the United States Presidential election of 1800, sometimes referred to as the
"Revolution of 1800," Vice President Thomas Jefferson defeated incumbent president John
Adams. The election was a realigning election that ushered in a generation of DemocraticRepublican Party rule and the eventual demise of the Federalist Party.
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(Related) Revolution of 1800
Jefferson's view of his election to presidency. Jefferson claimed that the election of 1800
represented a return to what he considered the original spirit of the Revolution.
Jefferson's goals for his revolution were to restore the republican experiment, check the
growth of government power, and to halt the decay of virtue that had set in under
Federalist rule.
https://quizlet.com/1302820/apush-ch-6-flash-cards/
(Related) Revolution of 1800
Electoral victory of Democratic Republicans over the Federalists, who lost their
Congressional majority and the presidency. The peaceful transfer of power between rival
parties solidified faith in America's political system
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Louisiana Purchase
(1803) Originally, was a meeting to discuss the purchase of the city of New Orleans as
means of a port. Napolean was on the verge of war with European powers, and had to forego
plans of a vast colony in North America (as well as needing money). Sold the Louisiana
territory (then an unknown, massive tract of land) at the cost of $15 million. Doubled the
size of the United States at the time, and was a triumph for Jefferson
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(Related) Louisiana Purchase
Who: Jefferson Napoleon, committee to purchaseWhat: purchased french land west of M. R for
15millionWhen: 1803Where: Land west of MississippiWhy: jefferson's promise of land, removed
foreign nations from borders, doubles size of U.S., switch to being a loose interpretation
of constitution
https://quizlet.com/7198728/unit-2-ap-us-history-flash-cards/
(Related) Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana Purchase, for a price of $15 dollars, DOUBLED the size of the United States.
The transaction went under the presidency of Jackson and the imperial rule of Napoleon.
France lost all of its N.A territory in this deal. It began to mark almost pure American
dominance of N.A.
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(Related) The Louisiana Purchase
U.S. acquisition of the Louisiana territory from France in 1803 for $15 million. The
purchase secured American control of the Mississippi river and doubled the size of the
nation.
https://quizlet.com/7198728/unit-2-ap-us-history-flash-cards/
(Related) Louisiana Purchase
• Who: Jefferson & Napoleon• What: US purchased Louisiana territory for $15 million from
France. Jefferson employed Presidential Power of Treaty-Making to buy the land since he was
not authorized by the govt. to do so. • When: April 30, 1803• Significance: US territory
doubled, helped to remove France from Western borders of US. Farmers could no send goods
down Mississippi River to New Orleans. Westward expansion created more states with
Republican representatives. Opened land to agrarian expansionflJefferson ideology!
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(Related) Louisiana Purchase Significance
Significance: US territory doubled, helped to remove France from Western borders of US.
Farmers could no send goods down Mississippi River to New Orleans. Westward expansion
created more states with Republican representatives. Opened land to agrarian
expansionflJefferson ideology!
https://quizlet.com/7198728/unit-2-ap-us-history-flash-cards/
Impressment
British practice of taking American sailors from American ships and forcing them into the
British navy; a factor in the War of 1812.
https://quizlet.com/1370736/ap-us-history-chapter-11-flash-cards/
(Related) impressment
British practice of taking any sailors (not just British) and forcing them into military
service if needed in an emergency. Infuriated Jefferson and American merchants
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(Related) Impressment
Colloquially known as "the Press", Impressment was the action of compelling men into a navy
by force and without notice. It was used by the Royal Navy between 1664 and the early
1900s. Impressment was a means of crewing warships. Many British merchant sailors, as well
as people from other nations were subject to Impressment. Though opposed by many,
Impressment was upheld in courts as it kept the strength of the Navy and thus the British
Empire. Britsh Impressment of seamen from American ships caised many tensions leading up to
the War of 1812.
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(Related) Impressment
The act of coercing someone into government service, i.e., British practice of taking
American sailors and forcing them into military service
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(Related) Impressment
the forcible enlistment of soldiers. This was a rude form of conscription that the British
have employed for over four hundred years.
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Aaron Burr
He was Thomas Jefferson's vice presidential running mate in the elections of 1796 and 1800.
He became the vice president in 1800 after the election was thrown into the House of
Representatives
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(Related) Aaron Burr
The 3rd Vice President of the United States, a Republican, and challenged Hamilton to a
duel and killed him in 1804.
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(Related) Aaron Burr
A massive wire-puller, turned New York to Jefferson by the narrowest of margins. He tied
Jefferson in the 1800 election, so the House of Representatives had to choose; and they
chose Jefferson for president. Burr is also responsible for killing Hamilton.
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(Related) Aaron Burr conspiracy
Burr, dropped from the cabinet in Jefferson's second term, joined with a group of
Federalist extremists to plot the secession of New England and New York. Hamilton incensed
Burr, so Burr challenged him to a duel, ultimately killing Hamilton.
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(Related) Aaron Burr
Aaron Burr was one of the leading Democratic-Republicans of New york, and served as a U.S.
Senator from New York from 1791-1797. He was the principal opponent of Alexander Hamilton's
Federalist policies. In the election of 1800, Burr tied with Jefferson in the Electoral
College. The House of Representatives awarded the Presidency to Jefferson and made Burr
Vice- President.
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(Related) Aaron Burr
Jefferson's presidential candidate who received the same number of electoral votes for the
presidency. He later joined a group of Federalist extremists to plot the secession of New
England and New York. He killed Alex Hamilton in a duel. He was arrested for treason.
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(Related) Aaron Burr Conspiracy
Jefferson's ex-VP joined a group of Federalist extremists to plot the secession of New
England and New York. He killed Alex Hamilton in a duel. He struck up an alliance with
General James Wilkinson to probably separate the western part of the US from the East. He
was arrested and tried for treason.
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Marbury v Madison established
the principle of judicial review
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(Related) the greatest significance of the supreme court's decision in the Marbury v
Madison was that is
claimed for the first time that the Supreme Court could declare an act of Congress to be
unconstitutional
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Embargo Act of 1807
restrictive trade policy that forbade shipment of any goods in or out of the US; hurt
Britain/France but hurt American shippers and farmers even more
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Warhawks
determined congressmen, who gave, the Americans on the northern and southern borders that
were eager to fight Britain, their support
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Hartford Convention 1814
Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island met in 1814 in Hartford, Connecticut for a
secret meeting to discuss their disgust of the war and to redress their grievances. The
Hartford Convention's final report demanded:-Financial assistance from Washington to
compensate for lost trade from embargos; -Constitutional amendments requiring a 2/3 vote in
Congress before an embargo could be imposed, new states admitted, or war declared; -The
abolition of slavery; -a President could only serve 1 term; -the abolition of the 3/5
clause; -the prohibition of the election of 2 successive Presidents from the same state.The
Hartford resolutions marked the death of the Federalist party. The party nominated their
last presidential candidate in 1816.
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(Related) Hartford Convention
Meeting of Federalists near the end of the War of 1812 in which the party listed it's
complaints against the ruling Republican Party. These actions were largley viewed as
traitorous to the country and lost the Federalist much influence
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(Related) who attended the Hartford Convention?
26 delegates from Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Vermont
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(Related) when did the Hartford Convention meet?
in the winter of 1814-1815 when it appeared Britain would win New Orleans
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(Related) why did the Hartford Convention meet?
to discuss grievances, right their wrongs, demand financial assistance from Washington to
compensate for lost trade, abolish the three-fifths clause, limit the president to a single
term, prohibit the election of two successive presidents from the same state, and propose
constitutional amendments that would require a 2/3 vote in Congress before an embargo could
be imposed, new states admitted, or war declared
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(Related) what happened when the delegates of the Hartford Convention brought their ideas
to Washington?
they discovered that New Orleans had been retained and a peace treaty signed, so they were
humiliated
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(Related) what happened to the Federalists after the Hartford Convention went to
Washington?
their party dissolved, but many identified as Sectionalists
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(Related) Hartford Convention
• Who: Federalists• What: Meeting of Federalists in which the party listed its complaints
against the ruling Republican Party. Actions were largely viewed as traitorous to the
country and lost the Federalist much influence• When: near the end of the War of 1812
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(Related) Hartford Convention Significance
marked the end of the Federalists as a national party
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(Related) Hartford Convention
The Hartford Convention was a meeting of New England Federalists held in Hartford
Connecticut in the winter of 1814-15. These Federalist opposed the War of 1812 and held the
convention to discuss and seek redress by Washington for their complaints and wrongs that
the felt had been done. Many of these complaints were manifestation of their fears of being
overpowered by states in the south and west. The Hartford Convention was an example of the
growing issue of Sectionalism and was another event in the approaching end of the
Federalist Party.
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Treaty of Ghent (24 December 1814)
signed in Ghent (modern day Belgium, then in limbo between the First French Empire and
United Kingdom of the Netherlands), was the peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 between
the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The
treaty largely restored relations between the two nations to status quo ante bellum.
Because of the era's slow communications, it took weeks for news of the peace treaty to
reach the United States, and the Battle of New Orleans was fought after it was signed.
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(Related) Treaty of Ghent
December 24, 1814 - Ended the War of 1812 and restored the status quo. For the most part,
territory captured in the war was returned to the original owner. It also set up a
commission to determine the disputed Canada/U.S. border.
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(Related) Treaty of Ghent
American and British diplomats met in Ghent, Belgium, where both sides began with
extravagant demands, but the final treaty changed very little except end the fighting
itself. The Americans gave up their demands for the end of British impressments, and
Canada, while the British abandoned their call for the creation of an Indian buffer state
in the Northwest and made other, minor territorial concessions; the final treaty was signed
Christmas Eve, 1814.
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(Related) Treaty of Ghent
(1814) Ended the War of 1812 and restored the status quo. For the most part, territory
captured in the war was returned to the original owner. It also set up a commission to
determine the disputed Canada/U.S. border.
https://quizlet.com/1573474/apush-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Treaty of Ghent
December 24, 1814 - Ended the War of 1812 and restored the status quo. For the most part,
territory captured in the war was returned to the original owner. It also set up a
commission to determine the disputed Canada/U.S. border.
https://quizlet.com/1573474/apush-vocab-flash-cards/
John C. Calhoun
War Hawk; supporter of states' rights; believed South Carolina had the right to "nullify",
or ignore, federal laws that they thought were wrong, part of Whig Party
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(Related) John C. Calhoun
South Carolina Senator - advocate for state's rights, limited government, and
nullification; (1830s-40s) Leader of the Fugitive Slave Law, which forced the cooperation
of Northern states in returning escaped slaves to the south. He also argued on the floor of
the senate that slavery was needed in the south. He argued on the grounds that society is
supposed to have an upper ruling class that enjoys the profit of a working lower class.
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(Related) John C. Calhoun
Vice President under Andrew Jackson; leading Southern politician; began his political
career as a nationalist and an advocate of protective tariffs, later he becomes an advocate
of free trade, states' rights, limited government, and nullification.
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(Related) John C. Calhoun
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Vice president to Andrew Jackson who began to champion a controversial constitutional
theory: nullification. He argued that since the federal govt. was a creation of the states,
that the states were the final arbiters of the constitutionality of federal laws. If a
state concluded that Congress had passed and unconstitutional law, then it could hold a
special convention and declare the federal law null and void within the state. This was the
Nullification Doctrine, and it contained the idea of using it to nulify the 1828 tariff,
and it quickly attracted board support in South Carolina. But this did nothing to help his
standing within the new administration, mostley because he has a powerful rivalry with
Martin Van Buren.
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(Related) John C. Calhoun
He was a senator for South Carolina that was at first a supporter of the Tariff of 1816 but
switched sides later on He claimed that it was a pro-Northerner act that would not build up
the self-sufficiency of the economy. He was an example of the sectionalism between North
and South.
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Daniel Webster
Ran against Martin Van Buren in 1836 presidential election. Least amount of popular
vote.WhigPart of Webster-Hayne debate of 1830. Fought with Robert Hayne over the conflicts
between the north and south.
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(Related) Daniel Webster
A senetor from Massachusetts, who attacked Hayne, and through him Calhoun, for what he
considered their challenge to the integrity of the Union. He challenged Hayne to a debate,
not on public lands and the tariff, but on the issue of states' rights versus national
power.
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(Related) Daniel Webster as candidate
This man was also running as a Whig candidate, he had won a broad support among those who
appreciated his passionate speeches in defense of the Constitution and the Union, but his
close connection with the national bank, and the protective tariff, prevented him from
achieving national popularity.
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(Related) Daniel Webster
Famous American politician and orator. He advocated renewal and opposed the financial
policy of Jackson. Many of the principles of finance he spoke about were later incorporated
in the Federal Reserve System. Would later push for a strong union.
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(Related) Daniel Webster
leader of Whig Party;
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(Related) Daniel Webster
Leading American statesman during the Antebellum Period; leader of the Whig Party, opposed
Jackson and the Democratic Party; spokesman for modernization, banking, and industry;
served in the House of Representatives, Senate, and Secretary of State for 3 presidents;
successful lawyer; member of the Great Triumvirate with Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun.
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(Related) Daniel Webster
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Leading American statesman during the nation's Antebellum Period; his increasing
nationalistic views led to him becoming one of the most influential leaders of the Whig
Party of the Second Party System; led opposition against Andrew Jackson and the Democrats.
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Era of Good Feelings
Period of peace and prosperity with no outside threats. It was an easy time for the country
and allowed U.S. to grow.
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(Related) Era of Good Feelings
Period between 1815 and 1824, minimal political fighting, everyone seemed to agree with
each other, good things happened to the US (mostly)
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(Related) Era of Good Feelings
a name for president monroe's two terms, a period of strong nationalism, economic growth,
and territorial expansion. since the federalist party dissolved after the war of 1812,
there was only one political party and no partisan conflicts.
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Panic of 1819
First major financial crisis in the US that occurred during the end of the Era of Good
Feelings; resulted from international conflicts such as the Embargo Act and War of 1812.
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(Related) Panic of 1819
Economic panic caused by extensive speculation and a decline of European demand for
American goods along with mismanagement within the Second Bank of the United States. Often
cited as the end of the Era of Good Feelings.
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(Related) Panic of 1819
When: 1819 Where:US Significance: The Panic of 1819 was the first major financial crisis in
the United States. It featured widespread foreclosures, bank failures, unemployment, and a
slump in agriculture and manufacturing. It marked the end of the economic expansion that
had followed the War of 1812.
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(Related) Panic of 1819
after a period of economic boom after the War of 1812, where the prices of farm goods and
land increased rapidly, and the wildcat and state banks gave easy credit to settlers and
speculators, the National Bank finally decided to tighten credit, call in loans, and
foreclose on mortgages. In effect, there was a series of failures by state banks, and the
result was a financial panic and depression.
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(Related) Panic of 1819
severe depression that followed the economic boom of the post-War of 1812 years; the Second
National Bank, trying to dampen land speculation and inflation, called loans, raised
interest rates, and received the blame for the panic. All this helped divide commercial
interests of the East from the agrarian interests of an expanding West
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Missouri Compromise
Allowed Missouri to enter the union as a slave state, Maine to enter the union as a free
state, prohibited slavery north of latitude 36˚ 30' within the Louisiana Territory (1820)
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(Related) Missouri Compromise
1820, The issue was that Missouri wanted to join the Union as a slave state, therefore
unbalancing the Union so there would be more slave states then free states. The compromise
set it up so that Maine joined as a free state and Missouri joined as a slave state.
Congress also made a line across the southern border of Missouri saying except for the
state of Missouri, all states north of that line must be free states or states without
slavery.
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(Related) Missouri Compromise
Created by Henry Clay. Allowed for the line of slavery to be set, with all states south of
Missouri to be slave states, while northern states could ban slavery. Admitted Maine into
the Union as a free state and Missouri as a slave state.
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(Related) Missouri Compromise
Congress forbade slavery in the remaining territories in the Louisiana Territory north of
the line of 36° 30', except for Missouri.
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(Related) Missouri Compromise (1820)
settlement of a dispute over the spread of slavery that was authored by Henry Clay; the
agreement had 3 parts: (1)Missouri became the 12th slave state;(2) to maintain the balance
between free states and slave states in Congress, Maine became the 12th free state;(3) the
Louisiana territory was divided at 36 deg. 30', with the Northern part closed to slavery
and the southern area allowing slavery. This compromise resolved the first real debate over
the future of slavery to arise since the Constitution was ratified
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The Convention of 1818 and the Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) were similar because they:
Established the borders of the US: Convention of 1818 made the 49⁰ the border between US
and Canada while the Adams-Onis Treaty ceded Florida to the US and established Florida as
US's southern border (its is NOT acceptable to say that both treaties dealt with foreign
nations)
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(Related) Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)
also known as the Florida Purchase Treaty and the Transcontinental Treaty; under its terms,
the United States paid Spain $5 million for Florida, Spain recognized America's claims to
the Oregon Country, and the United States surrendered its claim to northern Mexico (Texas)
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(Related) Adams-Onis Treaty
known as transcontinental treaty, purchased Florida from Spain. Established western
boundary for US and prevented Seminoles from invading Georgia
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Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
Questionable extension of a traditional American policy; declared an American right to
intervene in Latin America nations under certain circumstances
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(Related) Monroe Doctrine
What: an expression of the post-1812 nationalism energizing the U.S. Proved to be the most
famous of the long-lived offspring of that nationalism. Might have been called the SelfDefense Doctrine. Where & When: Incorporated into President Monroe's annual message to
Congress in 1823. Its two basic features were:(1) Non-Colonization (2) Non-Intervention.
Colonization's era had ended and England and other foreign powers needed to keep their
monarchial systems out of the U.S. Old World powers could not gain anymore settlements. The
U.S. would not intervene in the Greeks war for independence, and the U.S. does not need
help from other countries. Significance: Gave vent to patriotism, but deepened the illusion
of isolationism. Many Americans falsely concluded that the Republic was isolated from the
European dangers because it wanted to be. Monroe, it seemed, had warned the Old Powers to
stay away
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(Related) Monroe Doctrine
(1823) A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in
affairs within the United States or in the development of other countries in the Western
Hemisphere.
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(Related) Monroe Doctrine
The policy, as stated by President Monroe in 1823, that the U.S. opposed further European
colonization of and interference with independent nations in the Western Hemisphere.
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(Related) Monroe Doctrine
A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs
within the United States or in the development of other countries in the Western
Hemisphere.
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Samuel Slater
Considered father of American industrial revolution because he brought British textile
technology, rather illegally, to America
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(Related) Samuel Slater
Father of the factory system; stole plans from British mechanic and escaped to America; got
capital from Moses Brown (quaker); first efficient American machinery for spinning cotton
thread.
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(Related) Samuel Slater
A British mechanic(AKA "Father of the Factory System in America") that invented the first
American machine for spinning cotton
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(Related) Samuel Slater
he was a british mechanic that moved to america and in 1791 invented the first american
machine for spinning cotton. he is known as "the father of the factory system" and he
started the idea of child labor in america's factories.
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(Related) Samuel Slater
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He was a British mechanic that moved to America and in 1791 invented the first American
machine for spinning cotton. He is known as "the Father of the Factory System" and he
started the idea of child labor in America's factories.-increased labor problem-only
benefitted employers, not workers-forbid unions
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Lowell System
was a paternalistic textile factory system of the early 19th century that employed mainly
young women [age 15-35] from New England farms to increase efficiency, productivity and
profits in ways different from other methods
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(Related) Lowell System
Textile factory system of the early 19th century that employed mainly young women [age 1535] from New England farms to increase efficiency, productivity and profits. These textile
mills provided dormitories for young women where they were cared for, fed, and sheltered in
return for cheap labor.
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(Related) "Lowell System"
Developed in the textile mills of Lowell, Massachusetts, in the 1820s, in these factories
as much machinery as possible was used, so that few skilled workers were needed in the
process, and the workers were almost all single young farm women, who worked for a few
years and then returned home to be housewives.
https://quizlet.com/7573691/apush-u4-ch10-flash-cards/
Cotton Gin
1793, Invented by Eli Whitney. a machine that separates the seeds from raw cotton fibers.
Caused the south to become an agricultural industry, which led to wealth and way of
creating a living in the south.
https://quizlet.com/15672857/chapter-7-vocab-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) Cotton Gin
Invented by Eli Whitney in 1793. It removed seeds from cotton fibers. Now cotton could be
processed quickly and cheaply. Results: more cotton is grown and more slaves are needed for
more acres of cotton fields
https://quizlet.com/15672857/chapter-7-vocab-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) Cotton Gin
A machine invented by Eli Whitney in 1793 that cleaned the seeds from cotton fibers. It
resulted in cheaper and faster production of cotton. More cotton was grown and more slaves
were needed to tend to this cotton.
https://quizlet.com/15672857/chapter-7-vocab-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) Cotton gin
a machine invented by Eli Whitney that separates the seeds from raw cotton fibers. It
increased thr development of the south and expanded slavery because there was more time for
cotton to be planted.
https://quizlet.com/15672857/chapter-7-vocab-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) Cotton Gin
Invented by Eli Whitney in 1793. It removed seeds from cotton fibers. Now cotton could be
processed quickly and cheaply. Resulted in more cotton production and more slaves are
needed for more acres of cotton fields.
https://quizlet.com/15672857/chapter-7-vocab-apush-flash-cards/
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Lancaster Turnpike
Was probably the best road in the U.S. Built in the 1790's by a private company, the road
linked Philadelphia and Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Because the road was set on a ed of
gravel, water drained off quickly. For a smooth ride, the road was topped with flat stones.
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(Related) Lancaster Turnpike
the early Pennsylvania hard-surfaced road that served as a model for improving
transportation west after the 1770s.
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(Related) Lancaster Turnpike
..., Was probably the best road in the U.S. Built in the 1790's by a private company, the
road linked Philadelphia and Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Because the road was set on a ed of
gravel, water drained off quickly. For a smooth ride, the road was topped with flat stones.
https://quizlet.com/3425167/ap-us-ch-14-flash-cards/
(Related) Lancaster Turnpike
Probably the most successful and profitable road in the U.S. Built in the 1790's by a
private company, the road linked Philadelphia and Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Because the road
was set on a bed of gravel, water drained off quickly. For a smooth ride, the road was
topped with flat stones.
https://quizlet.com/3425167/ap-us-ch-14-flash-cards/
Old National Road (Cumberland Road)
First of the internal improvements provided by congress in 1806 to help the colonization of
the west. A toll bill linked to the road was vetoed by Monroe.
https://quizlet.com/156822/apush-unit-4-flash-cards/
(Related) Cumberland Road
1811, The road was the first interstate highway, and the only one entirely paid for by
federal funds. It ran from Maryland to Illinois and helped with the westward movement.
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(Related) Cumberland Road
another name for the national road whose construction began in 1811 and which stretched
from a town in western Maryland to Vandalia, Illinois.
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(Related) Cumberland Road
The road was the first interstate highway, and the only one entirely paid for by federal
funds. It ran from Maryland to Illinois and helped with the westward movement.
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(Related) Cumberland Road
A national road that stretched from Maryland to Illinois. It was the first
national/interstate highway, and it was a milestone for the eventual connection of all the
states by highways, thus increasing trade.
https://quizlet.com/156822/apush-unit-4-flash-cards/
steamboats
the first one was invented by Nicholas Roosevelt in 1812 and it could carry both cargo and
passengers; it earned a lot of profit and became popular and were considered luxurious;
even though the were dangerous, they were worth it
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(Related) Steamboats
Steamboats, first built by Robert Fulton in 1807, increased speed and efficiency of river
travel. Arriving shortly after the mad rush of canals, steamboats largely improved interregional travel and allowed goods to be shipped long distances. The invention of the
steamboat stimulated both western and southern agricultural economies by opening markets.
It also allowed eastern manufactures to send their goods west which, in turn, increased the
flow of good to people in the Midwest. (ECONOMIC & CULTURAL)
https://quizlet.com/1436209/ap-us-history-chapter-14-flash-cards/
5 big effects of market revolution
(1) opened land new land for settlers, (2) lowered transportation costs, (3) made it easier
to sell products, (4) linked farmers to national/world markets, (5) made farmers major
consumers of manufactured goods
https://quizlet.com/105325858/apush-chapter-8-market-and-transportation-revolutions-1790s1840s-flash-cards/
(Related) Market Revolution
a drastic change in the manual labor system originating in south (but was soon moved to the
north) and later spread to the entire world. Traditional commerce became outdated with the
transportation and industrail revolution. As a result, the north started to have a more
powerful economy that was starting to challenge the economies of some mid-sized European
cities at the time.
https://quizlet.com/105325858/apush-chapter-8-market-and-transportation-revolutions-1790s1840s-flash-cards/
(Related) Market Revolution
The Market Revolution was the expansion of markets during the early 19th century. This was
mark(et)ed (hehe see what I did there?) by an increase in exchange of goods and services.
The Market Revolution resulted from increased output of farms and factories, activity of
traders and merchants, and development of transportation and infrastructure. (ECONOMIC)
https://quizlet.com/105325858/apush-chapter-8-market-and-transportation-revolutions-1790s1840s-flash-cards/
(Related) Market revolution
economic transformation that's catalyst was a series of innovations in transportation and
communication
https://quizlet.com/105325858/apush-chapter-8-market-and-transportation-revolutions-1790s1840s-flash-cards/
Know Nothing Party
Were a group of people who opposed the increasing immigration levels and attempted to write
legislation for rigid restrictions on immigration and naturalization and for laws
authorizing the deportation of alien paupers. This was just an example of a group of people
attempting to thwart the increase of immigration which has continued to make-up America.
https://quizlet.com/8506671/apush-chapter-14-flash-cards/
(Related) Describe the Know Nothing Party
Another party, the American Party, also called the "Know-Nothing Party" because of its
secrecy, was organized by "nativists," old-stock Protestants against immigrants, who
nominated Millard Fillmore. These people were anti-Catholic and anti-foreign and also
included old Whigs.The campaign was full of mudslinging, which included allegations of
scandal and conspiracy.Fremont was hurt by the rumor that he was a Roman Catholic.
https://quizlet.com/8506671/apush-chapter-14-flash-cards/
mining frontier
The discovery of gold in CA in 1848 caused the first flood of newcomers to the West. A
series of gold strikes and silver strikes in what became the states of Colorado, Nevada,
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Idaho, Montana, Arizona, and South Dakota kept a steady flow of hopeful young prospectors
pushing into the Western mountains.
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(Related) farming frontier
The period of time in which hundreds of thousands of citizens moved west and began to farm
the frontier, very much due to the Homestead Act of 1862
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(Related) Frederick Jackson Turner; frontier thesis
An historian who wrote an influential essay, "The Significance of the Frontier in American
History." 1893. He argued that 300 years of frontier experience had played a fundamental
role in shaping the unique character of American Society. His thesis stated that the
frontier experience had promoted a habit of independence and individualism.
https://quizlet.com/136077823/17-apush-the-frontier-1865-1900-flash-cards/
(Related) The significance of the frontier in American history (1893)
Said the frontier shaped American culture by promoting independence and individualism, and
broke down class barriers and fostered democracy
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(Related) The mining Frontier
-Gold rush brought homesteaders-Created a crisis over the relative value of gold and silver
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(Related) The Mining Frontier Significance
Although the gold rush brought many settlers to the west it stimulated economic and
political problems in the nations and also caused N.A to lose their land to miners.
https://quizlet.com/136077823/17-apush-the-frontier-1865-1900-flash-cards/
(Related) The cattle frontier
Also known as ranching place took place in the area from texas to canada Railroads
constructed after the Civil War opened markets in the East to Texas cattleThe idea of the
Western cowboy is created during this time.
https://quizlet.com/136077823/17-apush-the-frontier-1865-1900-flash-cards/
(Related) The cattle frontier Significance
The long cattle drives came to an end due to overgrazing, blizzards and droughts that
destroyed the grass, and homesteaders (settlers) who blocked off land with barbed wire.
https://quizlet.com/136077823/17-apush-the-frontier-1865-1900-flash-cards/
(Related) The farming Frontier
Encourage farming on Great plains160 acres of public free land for a family who settle 5
years.promotions of railroad introduced hundreds of thousands of people in attempt to farm
the great plains
https://quizlet.com/136077823/17-apush-the-frontier-1865-1900-flash-cards/
(Related) The farming frontier Significance
Although 160 acres of the land was free, but thousands of people had to purchase their land
b/c the best public land ended up w/ railroad companies and speculators.
https://quizlet.com/136077823/17-apush-the-frontier-1865-1900-flash-cards/
(Related) Mining frontier
The western states which had series of gold strikes including, Colorado, Nevada, Idaho,
Montana, Arizona, and South Dakota.
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(Related) Farming frontier
The Great Plains was mainly the farming frontier. Settlement in the farming frontier was
encouraged by the Homestead Act (which gave 160 acres of public land free to any family
that settled on it for a period of five years).
https://quizlet.com/136077823/17-apush-the-frontier-1865-1900-flash-cards/
(Related) Frederick Jackson Turner; frontier thesis
He was a historian who created the frontier thesis. His thesis explained that the frontier
experience had promoted a habit of independence and individualism. It was also said that
the frontier had also acted as a powerful social leveler, breaking down class distinctions
and ensuring social and political democracy (basically the thesis says that the frontier
life makes Americans become more inventive and practical-minded).
https://quizlet.com/136077823/17-apush-the-frontier-1865-1900-flash-cards/
Erie Canal
building of the Erie Canal was the gretest construction project America had ever undertaken
(at the time). It was an immediate financial success, 7 years after its opening it was
completely paid off by the tolls charged. Gave NY direct access to Chicago and the growing
West. NY was no able to compete and slowly replace New Orleans as the destination for the
West's agricultural goods. Digging for the Canal began in 1817 and it opened in 1825. It
was completed entirely with state funds and largely promoted by Gov. Clinton. Significance:
Increased trade between east coast and NYC with the West; other canals were built; canal
aged started to be replaced by the railroads in the 30s
https://quizlet.com/11439166/apush-chapter-12-flash-cards/
(Related) Erie Canal
A canal between the New York cities of Albany and Buffalo, completed in 1825. The canal,
considered a marvel of the modern world at the time, allowed western farmers to ship
surplus crops to sell in the North and allowed northern manufacturers to ship finished
goods to sell in the West.
https://quizlet.com/11439166/apush-chapter-12-flash-cards/
(Related) Erie Canal
"Clinton's Ditch". First major canal created. Proposed in 1817 by DeWitt Clinton. Was the
longest standing canal ever built at the time(27 miles).
https://quizlet.com/11439166/apush-chapter-12-flash-cards/
(Related) Erie Canal
It is a canal in New York State, United States, that runs from the Hudson River to Lake
Erie, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean It cut transport costs into what
was then wilderness by about 90%. The Canal resulted in a massive population surge in
western New York, and opened regions further west to increased settlement
https://quizlet.com/11439166/apush-chapter-12-flash-cards/
(Related) Erie Canal (completed 1825)
New York state canal that linked Lake Erie to the Hudson River. It dramatically lowered
shipping costs, fueling an economic boom in upstate New York and increasing the
profitability of farming in the Old Northwest. (329)
https://quizlet.com/11439166/apush-chapter-12-flash-cards/
(Related) Erie Canal
Thanks to the _______ __________, New York replaced New Orleans as the queen port of the
country.
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What were the advantages and disadvantages of government subsidies for the railroads?
The railroads would often sell the land and make money off the land that was paid for by
citizens (their tax money goes to the government, which gave the land grants). They also
withheld land from other users until they figured out where their tracks would lay. A
benefit was that railroad companies were able to expand further west. Granting land was a
"cheap" way to subsidize a much-desired transportation system, because it avoided new taxes
for direct cash grants.
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(Related) Explain how the railroads could help or hurt Americans.
Americans would be connected across the country, which would help travel time, the ability
to connect with different types of people, and allow people to get produce and meats from
different parts of the country (due to the decreased travel time). People could also begin
to move west. Trade with Asia increased. However, railroad construction was laced with
scandal and corruption, which hurt Americans financially (ex. Credit Mobilier). Also, the
work was very dangerous, and many people were killed on the job. In addition, railroads
created many millionaires who could control the public and place large taxes on farmers.
https://quizlet.com/8745144/apush-chapter-24-flash-cards/
(Related) What technological improvements helped railroads?
More efficient and economical steel rails, standard gauge of track (which reduced need for
numerous car changes), the Westinghouse air brake which increased safety, and other safety
devices like the telegraph.
https://quizlet.com/8745144/apush-chapter-24-flash-cards/
(Related) What effects did the railroads have on America as a whole?
Railroads created a huge domestic market for raw materials and manufactured goods and
spurred industrialization and urbanization; stimulated mining and agriculture; took farmers
to land and goods to people; started cities, created more millionaires, drove creation of
time zones.
https://quizlet.com/8745144/apush-chapter-24-flash-cards/
(Related) What wrongdoing were railroads guilty of?
Stock watering (which enabled railroad stock promoters to inflate their claims about a
given line's assets and profitability and sell stocks and bonds in excess of the railroad's
actual value) as well as other corruption such as bribery.
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(Related) Railroads spurred industrialization
...
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(Related) transcontinental railroads
Railroads connecting the west and east coasts of the continental US
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(Related) Railroads and Timezones
They needed to run on a consistent schedule so in 1884 four time zones were created (i.e
Standard time by American Railroad Association)
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(Related) bankcrupcy of railroads
Panic of 1893J.P. Morgan and other bankers capitalized on this
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Communication Revolution in Antebellum Period
New technologies that helped spur and contribute to the westward expansion and Industrial
Revolution. Samuel Morse, whom invented the telegraph and Morse Code.
https://quizlet.com/5400478/apush-ch-40-41-42-flash-cards/
(Related) Communication Revolution in Antebellum Period
Telegraph, railroads
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(Related) Communication Revolution in Antebellum Period
...
https://quizlet.com/5400478/apush-ch-40-41-42-flash-cards/
Cult of Domesticity
The belief that as the fairer sex, women occupied a unique and specific position and that
they were to provide religious and moral instruction in the homes but avoid the rough world
of politics and business in the larger sphere of society. Popular in the Mid-19th Century,
caused womens rights movements.
https://quizlet.com/21287387/apush-ch-37-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) "Cult of domesticity"
Allowed women to live in greater material comfort then before. Placed a higher value on
"Female Virtues". Left women detached from the public world. Women could no longer work in
shops or mills.
https://quizlet.com/21287387/apush-ch-37-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) APUSH-CH14-08 Cult of Domesticity
A widespread cultural creed that glorified the customary functions of the homemaker.
Married women held immense power in being able to control the morals of a household.
https://quizlet.com/21287387/apush-ch-37-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) cult of domesticity
Widespread cultural creed that glorified the traditional functions of the homemaker around
1850. Married women commanded immense moral power, and they increasingly made decisions
that altered the family. Work opportunities for women increased particularly in teaching.
https://quizlet.com/21287387/apush-ch-37-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) "cult of domesticity"
in the media, the traditional roles of women at home were championed
https://quizlet.com/21287387/apush-ch-37-vocab-flash-cards/
Implied Powers
Implied powers refers to the powers of the government found in the constitution in
unwritten forms. Although some situations, such as the creation of the National Bank, are
not specifically referred to in the constitution through the elastic clause they are not
illegal or unconstitutional. After Hamilton was appointed head of treasury in 1789, debates
began between his interpretation of the constitution and Jefferson's views. Eventually this
became an issue contributing to the formation of political parties.
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(Related) Implied Powers
A power not specified for Congress in the constitution but is necessary for congress to
carry out its delegated powers
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(Related) implied powers
Refers to the powers of the government found in the constitution in unwritten forms.
Although some situations, such as the creation of the National Bank, are not specifically
referred to in the constitution through the elastic clause they are not illegal or
unconstitutional. After Hamilton was appointed head of treasury in 1789, debates began
between his interpretation of the constitution and Jefferson's views. Eventually this
became an issue contributing to the formation of political parties.
https://quizlet.com/6589030/chapter-10-vocab-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) Implied Powers
powers that congress has that are not stated explicitly in the constitution
https://quizlet.com/6589030/chapter-10-vocab-apush-flash-cards/
commonwealth v. hunt
supreme court case that said that unions were constitutional and strikes were a legitimate
and powerful weapon
https://quizlet.com/7280032/apush-chapter-14-vocabulary-flash-cards/
(Related) Commonwealth v. Hunt
a case in which the U.S. Supreme Court overuled a Massachustetts Supreme Court decision and
asseted that trade unions were legal and that they had the right to strike or take other
steps of peacuful coercion to raise wages and ban non-union workers
https://quizlet.com/7280032/apush-chapter-14-vocabulary-flash-cards/
Treaty of 1818
Treaty between Britain and America, it allowed the Americans to share the Newfoundland
fisheries with Canada, and gave both countries a joint occupation of the Oregon Territory
for the next 10 years.
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(Related) Treaty of 1818
A negotiated treaty between the Monroe administration and England. This treaty came after
the War of 1812 to settle disputes between Britain and U.S. It permitted Americans to share
Newfoundland fisheries w/ the Canadians, and fixed the vague northern limits of Louisiana
from the Lake of the Woods to the Rocky Mountains. It also provided for a 10-year joint
occupation of untamed Oregon country
https://quizlet.com/15284404/apush-ch-8-flash-cards/
(Related) Treaty of 1818 (with Britain)
Treaty between Britain and America, it allowed the Americans to share the Newfoundland
fisheries with Canada, and gave both countries a joint occupation of the Oregon Territory
for the next 10 years.
APUSH-CH13-03. Spoils System
Jackson's patronage system, which allowed men to buy their way into office. This resulted
in a very corrupt governmental office.
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(Related) spoils system
the system of employing and promoting civil servants who are friends and supporters of the
group in power; practice of rewarding supporters with government jobs
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(Related) spoils system
practice of rewarding supporters with government jobs
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(Related) Spoils System
Andrew Jackson's method of turning over the civil servant jobs to new government officials.
"Rotation in office" was supposed to democratize government and lead to reform by allowing
the common people to run the government. This system had been in place long before Jackson,
but his name is tied to it because he endorsed its usage. In general, officials were
replaced by those loyal to the new administration, and they were not always the most
qualified for the positions. Over the span of several presidential terms, the system led to
corruption and inefficiency. It was ended with the passage of the Pendleton Act.
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Tariff of Abominations
AKA Tariff of 1828; raised the tariff on imported manufactured goods. The tariff protected
the North but harmed the South. The South claimed that it was discriminatory and
unconstitutional
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(Related) tariff of abominations
(1828) noteworthy for its unprecedentedly high duties on imports. Southerners vehemently
opposed the Tariff, arguing that it hurt Southern farmers, who did not enjoy the protection
of tariffs, but were forced to pay higher prices for manufactures
https://quizlet.com/15122556/apush-quiz-7-flash-cards/
(Related) Tariff of Abominations
Tariff passed by Congress in 1828 that favored manufacturing in the North and was hated by
the South; The bill favored western agricultural interests by raising tariffs or import
taxes on imported hemp, wool, fur, flax, and liquor, thus favoring Northern manufacturers.
In the South, these tariffs raised the cost of manufactured goods, thus angering them and
causing more sectionalist feelings.
https://quizlet.com/15122556/apush-quiz-7-flash-cards/
nullification crisis
The Nullification Crisis was a sectional crisis during the presidency of Andrew Jackson
created by South Carolina's 1832 Ordinance of Nullification. This ordinance declared, by
the power of the State itself, that the federal Tariff of 1828 and the federal Tariff of
1832 were unconstitutional and therefore null and void within the sovereign boundaries of
South Carolina. The controversial, and highly protective, Tariff of 1828 (also called the
"Tariff of Abominations") was enacted into law during the presidency of John Quincy Adams.
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(Related) nullification crisis
(1832-1833) showdown between President Andrew Jackson and the South Carolina legislature,
which declared the 1832 tariff null and void in the state and threatened secession if the
federal government tried to collect duties. It was resolved by a compromise negotiated by
Henry Clay in 1833
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(Related) The Nullification Crisis
SC refused to accept the tariff of 1832 because they feared it would set a precedent for
congressional legislation on slavery; in nov. 1832 SC nullified both tariff of abominations
and of 1832 at state convention which made it unlawful for federal officials to collect
duties in the state; Jackson passes force act
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(Related) Nullification Crisis
Southerners favored freedom of trade and believed in the authority of states over the
federal government. Southerners declared federal protective tariffs null and void.
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(Related) The nullification crisis of 1832-1833 erupted over
tariff policy.
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(Related) The nullification crisis of 1833 resulted in a clear-cut victory for
neither Andrew Jackson nor the nullifiers.
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(Related) The nullification crisis started by South Carolina over the Tariff of 1828 ended
when
Congress passed the compromise Tariff of 1833.
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Trail of tears
The Cherokee Indians were forced to travel from North Carolina and Georgia through more
than 800 miles (1,287 km)-to Oklahoma More than 4,000 Cherokees died of cold, disease, and
lack of food during the 116-day journey.
https://quizlet.com/444732/apush-vocab-chapter-10-flash-cards/
(Related) Trail of Tears
The tragic journey of the cherokee people from their home land to indian territory between
1838 and 1839, thousands of cherokees died.
https://quizlet.com/444732/apush-vocab-chapter-10-flash-cards/
(Related) trail of tears
Refers to the forced relocation in 1838 of the Cherokee Native American tribe to the
Western United States, which resulted in the deaths of an estimated 4,000 Cherokees.
Resulted from the enforcement of the Treaty of New Echota, an agreement signed under the
provisions of the Indian Removal Act.
https://quizlet.com/444732/apush-vocab-chapter-10-flash-cards/
(Related) Trail of Tears (1838-1839)
Forced march of 15,000 Cherokee Indians from their Georgia and Alabama homes to Indian
Territory. Some 4,000 Cherokee died on the arduous journey. (285)
https://quizlet.com/444732/apush-vocab-chapter-10-flash-cards/
(Related) The Trail of Tears
The forced movement of Cherokee Indians in 1838 to the land west of Mississippi River
forced by the U.S. Army; it lasted 116 days and was 1,000 miles long, many Indians died
along the way
https://quizlet.com/444732/apush-vocab-chapter-10-flash-cards/
Bank War
The US Bank was under a 20 year charter, and was favored mainly by the northern bankers and
merchants but not by farmers and westerners. Clay and Webster pushed for an early recharter
but Jackson vetoed it due to his hatred for the two men. He killed the bank and ordered his
Secretary of Treasury to remove all of the specie and put it in his "pet banks".
https://quizlet.com/142872290/apush-the-bank-war-flash-cards/
(Related) The Bank War
Pres. Andrew Jackson had made clear his constitutional objections to and personal
antagonism toward the bank. He believed it concentrated too much economic power in the
hands of a small moneyed elite beyond the public's control, he was more for the common man.
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The banks president, Nicholas Biddle, with the support of Henry Clay and Daniel Webster,
applied for a new charter in 1832, four years before the old charter was due to expire,
thus ensuring that the bank would be an issue in the 1832 presidential election. Jackson
vetoed the recharter bill and won the ensuing election, interpreting his victory as a
mandate to destroy the bank. He forbade the deposit in the bank of government funds; Biddle
retaliated by calling in loans, which precipitated a credit crisis. Denied renewal of its
federal charter, the bank secured a Pennsylvania charter.
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(Related) Bank War
Jackson vs. Bank & Biddle; Jackson begins taking out funds and putting them into pet banks,
successfully "killing" the bank; leads to fluctuation in economy and eventual panic;
Jackson believed the Bank of US had too much power and was too rich. Vetoed the 2nd Bank
charter and withdrew gov't money from the US Banks and put it into "pet banks"
https://quizlet.com/142872290/apush-the-bank-war-flash-cards/
(Related) The Bank War
Jackson believed the Bank of US had too much power, and was too rich. Whigs were scared he
was going to destroy the Bank, so Clay and Webster decided to apply for renewal early,
before the next election. Jackson vetoed the bill to renew the charter, but the people
agreed with him
https://quizlet.com/142872290/apush-the-bank-war-flash-cards/
pet banks
A term used by Jackson's opponents to describe the state banks that the federal government
used for new revenue deposits in an attempt to destroy the Second Bank of the United
States; the practice continued after the charter for the Second Bank expired in 1836.
https://quizlet.com/99325688/apush-chapter-9-flash-cards/
(Related) pet banks
State banks where Andrew Jackson placed deposits removed from the federal National Bank in
an effort to destroy the bank.
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(Related) pet banks
A term used by Jackson's opponents to describe the state banks that the federal government
used for new revenue deposits in an attempt to destroy the Second Bank of the United
States; the practice continued after the charter for the Second Bank expired in 1836.
https://quizlet.com/99325688/apush-chapter-9-flash-cards/
(Related) Jackson's removal of deposits / Pet Banks
, 1833Angry because Biddle used Bank funds to support anti-Jacksonian candidates and
convinced his 1832 victory was a mandate from the people to destroy the Bank, Jackson
removed federal deposits from the Bank. He fired the Secretaries of Treasury who would not
carry out his orders to remove the deposits. Finally, RogerTaney agreed to withdraw the
funds and deposit them in state banks and was awarded the position of Secretaryof Treasury.
He later became appointed as the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Jackson's opponents
charged him with abuse of power.
https://quizlet.com/99325688/apush-chapter-9-flash-cards/
(Related) Pet Banks
Pet banks were state banks into which Jackson deposited federal funds after he withdrew
them from the Bank. They were given this name because people thought the banks were chosen
on political grounds.
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(Related) pet banks
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small state banks set up by Jackson to keep federal funds out of the National Bank, used
until funds were consolidated into a single treasury, used to kill 2nd BUS
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Specie Circular
issued by President Jackson July 11, 1836, was meant to stop land speculation caused by
states printing paper money without proper specie (gold or silver) backing it. It required
that the purchase of public lands be paid for in specie. It stopped the land speculation
and the sale of public lands went down sharply. The panic of 1837 followed.
https://quizlet.com/29521108/apush-chapter-10-id-terms-flash-cards/
(Related) Specie Circular
issued by President Jackson in 1836, was meant to stop land speculation caused by states
printing paper money without proper specie (gold or silver) backing it. It required that
the purchase of public lands be paid for in specie. It stopped the land speculation and the
sale of public lands went down sharply. The panic of 1837 followed.
https://quizlet.com/29521108/apush-chapter-10-id-terms-flash-cards/
(Related) Specie Circular
Specie Circular , (July 11, 1836), in U.S. history, an executive order issued by President
Andrew Jackson requiring that payment for the purchase of public lands be made exclusively
in gold or silver. In an effort to curb excessive land speculation and to quash the
enormous growth of paper money in circulation, Jackson directed the Treasury Department,
"pet" banks, and other receivers of public money to accept only specie as payment for
government-owned land after Aug. 15, 1836. The Specie Circular, by seriously curtailing the
use of paper money, was highly deflationary and at least in part produced the ensuing
credit crunch and the economic crisis called the Panic of 1837. On May 21, 1838, a joint
resolution of Congress repealed the Specie Circular.
https://quizlet.com/29521108/apush-chapter-10-id-terms-flash-cards/
(Related) specie circular
issued by President Jackson July 11, 1836, was meant to stop land speculation caused by
states printing paper money without proper specie (gold or silver) backing it. It required
that the purchase of public lands be paid for in specie. It stopped the land speculation
and the sale of public lands went down sharply. The panic of 1837 followed.
https://quizlet.com/29521108/apush-chapter-10-id-terms-flash-cards/
(Related) Specie Circular
in 1836 President Jackson had the Treasury issue a decree that required all public lands be
purchased with "hard" or metallic money
https://quizlet.com/29521108/apush-chapter-10-id-terms-flash-cards/
Whig Party
during era of jacksonian democracyopposed jacksonpro bank of u.s. (national bank)pro high
tariffspro federal funding for internal improvementspro political action for social
reformdivided on terms of slavery to conscience and cotton whigs
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(Related) Whig Party
political party that had no stand on slavery, was elected because people did not want to
rock the boat and have war, An American political party formed in the 1830s to oppose
President Andrew Jackson and the Democrats, stood for protective tariffs, national banking,
and federal aid for internal improvements
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(Related) Whig Party
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An American political party formed in the 1830s to oppose President Andrew Jackson and the
Democrats, stood for protective tariffs, national banking, and federal aid for internal
improvements
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Cult of Domesticity
The belief that as the fairer sex, women occupied a unique and specific position and that
they were to provide religious and moral instruction in the homes but avoid the rough world
of politics and business in the larger sphere of society. Popular in the Mid-19th Century,
caused womens rights movements.
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(Related) APUSH-CH14-08 Cult of Domesticity
A widespread cultural creed that glorified the customary functions of the homemaker.
Married women held immense power in being able to control the morals of a household.
https://quizlet.com/21287387/apush-ch-37-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) "Cult of domesticity"
Allowed women to live in greater material comfort then before. Placed a higher value on
"Female Virtues". Left women detached from the public world. Women could no longer work in
shops or mills.
https://quizlet.com/21287387/apush-ch-37-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) "cult of domesticity"
in the media, the traditional roles of women at home were championed
https://quizlet.com/21287387/apush-ch-37-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) cult of domesticity
Widespread cultural creed that glorified the traditional functions of the homemaker around
1850. Married women commanded immense moral power, and they increasingly made decisions
that altered the family. Work opportunities for women increased particularly in teaching.
https://quizlet.com/21287387/apush-ch-37-vocab-flash-cards/
"The Burned-Over District"
label given to Western New York due to intense level of evangelical revelation that swept
through the area like wildfire
https://quizlet.com/3286183/apush-unit-4-vocab-religious-movements-flash-cards/
(Related) Burned-Over District
area of new york state along the erie canal that was constantly aflame with revivalism and
reform; as wave after wave to fervor broke over the region, groups such as the mormons,
shakers, and millerites found support among the residents.
https://quizlet.com/3286183/apush-unit-4-vocab-religious-movements-flash-cards/
(Related) "The burned-over district"
Term applied to the region of western New York along the Erie Canal, and refers to the
religious fervor of its inhabitants. In the 1800's, farmers there were susceptible to
revivalist and tent rallies by the pentecostals (religious groups).
https://quizlet.com/3286183/apush-unit-4-vocab-religious-movements-flash-cards/
Charles Grandison Finney
the greatest of the revival preachers during the Second Great Awaking who led massive
revivals in NYC, devised the "anxious bench" and other innovations
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The Shakers
The Shakers were a new religious movement founded by Ann Lee Stanley.The name "The Shakers"
was based on their ecstatic dances that were a part of their worship. The Shakers believed
that God had a male and female component. Furthermore, they believed that Ann Lee was the
female component. Although The Shakers maintained a strong division between sexes, they
also maintained equality between men and women. CULTURAL.
https://quizlet.com/7626745/ap-us-history-timeline-unit-6-ch1415-flash-cards/
(Related) Shakers
a religious group that established small utopian communities, ranging from Maine to
Kentucky. The name Shaker came from a ritual shaking dance that the members of the group
performed. In the mid-1800s, the Shakers reached their peak with almost 6000 members. The
Shakers did not believe in having children, and so they only relied on converts to expand
the community. In the end though, they were very few Americans who decided to live in
utopian communities.
https://quizlet.com/7626745/ap-us-history-timeline-unit-6-ch1415-flash-cards/
(Related) Shakers
Date:1770sDescription/Significance:During the 1770s, there were group of people called
"Shakers" who were named after their lively dance worship. Their characteristics were that
they emphasized simple, communal living and were all expected to practice celibacy. They
were first came to America from England by Mother Ann Lee. There were six thousand members
by 1840; however, the movement died out by the 1940s.
https://quizlet.com/7626745/ap-us-history-timeline-unit-6-ch1415-flash-cards/
(Related) shakers
american religious sect devoted to the teachings of ann lee stanley, prohibited marriage
and sexual relationships
https://quizlet.com/7626745/ap-us-history-timeline-unit-6-ch1415-flash-cards/
(Related) Shakers
American religious sect devoted to the teachings of Ann Lee Stanley, prohibited marriage
and sexual relationships
https://quizlet.com/7626745/ap-us-history-timeline-unit-6-ch1415-flash-cards/
Unitarianism
a "spin-off" faith from the severe Puritanism of the past. Unitarians believed that God
existed in only one person and not in the orthodox trinity. They also denied the divinity
of Jesus, stressed the essential goodness of human nature, proclaimed their belief in free
will and the possibility of salvation through good works, and pictured God as a loving
father rather than a stern creator. The Unitarian movement began in New England at the end
of the eighteenth century and was embraced by many of the leading "thinkers" or
intellectuals of the day.
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(Related) unitarianism
belief that god existed in only one person and not in the orthodox trinity; denied the
divinity of jesus; stressed the essential goodness of human nature rather than its
vileness; believed in free will and the possibility of salvation through good works; god as
a loving father rather than stern creator; followed by ralph waldo emerson; appealed to
intellectuals whose rationalism and optimism naturally made them not support the hellfire
doctrines of calvinism (especially predestination and human depravity)
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(Related) UNITARIANISM
a sect of Christianity who does not believe in the Trinity, which causes some to consider
this non Christian.
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Herman Melville
Moby Dick, typee, billy budd.
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(Related) Herman Melville
Herman Melville was an author born in New York in 1819. He was uneducated and an orphan.
Melville served eighteen months as a whaler. These adventuresome years served as a major
part in his writing. Melville wrote Moby Dick in 1851 which was much less popular than his
tales of the South seas. Herman Melville died in 1891.
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(Related) Herman Melville/ Moby Dick
known as the greatest American writer of his era, his most important novel, published in
1851, was the story of Ahab, the powerful, driven captain of a whaling vessel who was
obsessed with his search of Moby Dick, the great white whale that had once maimed him. This
was as story of courage and the strength of human will, but also a tragedy of pride and
revenge.
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(Related) Herman Melville
Herman Melville emerged as a scathing critic of transcendentalism. Melville wrote Moby
Dick, a story about whaling. Although Moby Dick is a classic today, when it was written, it
was a failure because it was too pessimistic. CULTURAL.
https://quizlet.com/523385/chapter-12-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) Herman Melville
american writer whose experiences at sea provided the factual basis of moby-dick considered
among the greatest american novels
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Louisa May Alcott
the author of the novel Little Women. She grew up poor, because her father did not make
enough money. Alcott held many jobs to make a living. She took pride in supporting herself
and never married. She supported the idea of women being independent, though it was a
challenge with the limited rights they had.
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(Related) Louisa May Alcott
Authoress of over 20 books.
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(Related) Louisa May Alcott
Novelist whose tales of family life helped economically support her own struggling
transcendentalist family
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(Related) Louisa May Alcott
American writer and reformer best known for her largely autobiographical novel Little Women
(1868-1869).
https://quizlet.com/20803475/louisa-may-alcott-flash-cards/
(Related) Louisa May Alcott
Novelist whose tales of family life helped economically support her own struggling
transcedentalist family
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Nathaniel Hawthorne
Nathaniel Hawthorne was a more pessimistic transcendentalist writer. Hawthorne wrote the
Scarlett Letter, in which he explored the theme of individualism. CULTURAL.
https://quizlet.com/464145/apush-ch11-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Nathaniel Hawthorne
He wrote the Scarlet Letter in 1850. This was his masterpiece. He also wrote The Marble
Faun. Many of his works had early American themes. The Scarlet Letter is about a woman who
commits adultery in a Puritan village. Hawthorn's upbringing was heavily influenced by his
puritan ancestors.
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(Related) Nathaniel Hawthorne
originally a transcendentalist; later rejected them and became a leading antitranscendentalist. he was a descendant of puritan settlers. the scarlet letter shows the
hypocrisy and insensitivity of new england puritans by showing their cruelty to a woman who
has committed adultery and is forced to wear a scarlet "a".
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(Related) Nathaniel Hawthorne
Originally a transcendentalist; later rejected them and became a leading antitranscendentalist. He was a descendant of Puritan settlers. The Scarlet Letter shows the
hypocrisy and insensitivity of New England puritans by showing their cruelty to a woman who
has committed adultery and is forced to wear a scarlet "A".
https://quizlet.com/464145/apush-ch11-vocab-flash-cards/
Oneida Community
A group of socio-religious perfectionists who lived in New York. Practiced polygamy,
communal property, and communal raising of children.
https://quizlet.com/149581/apush-ch12-flash-cards/
(Related) Oneida Community (1848) by John Noyes
a radical utopian community established in New York, in which complex marriage (free love),
male consistence (a form of birth control), and controlled breeding to create a new
superior generation, were all practiced. the community lasted for over thirty years because
artisans made advanced steel traps and the Oneida Community Plate (made of silver).
https://quizlet.com/149581/apush-ch12-flash-cards/
(Related) Oneida Community
A group of socio-religious perfectionists who lived in New York. Practiced polygamy,
communal property, and communal raising of children.
https://quizlet.com/149581/apush-ch12-flash-cards/
(Related) Oneida Community
founded by john humphrey noyes. another radical communistic experiment founded in new york
in 1848 that practiced free love ("complex marriage"), birth control and the eugenic
selection of parents to produce a superior offspring. lasted for almost 30 years.
https://quizlet.com/149581/apush-ch12-flash-cards/
Horace Mann
"Father of Public Education." He pushed for free compulsory education and education that
strayed from just "dead languages" to more "hands-on" education and the "3 R's."
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(Related) Horace Mann/Education Reform
1830s; Mann started the Mass Bd. of Ed. and pushed for the idea of free public schools w/
trained teachers. The stated goals were to provide opportunities for all as well as
teaching democracy and social values, but, clearly, social control of immigrants and
training a skilled, docile industrial work force also played an imp role. Spread across the
North, but was less effective in the West and had little impact on the South
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(Related) Public Education ; Horace Mann
Def: This was another movement started in the Jacksonian era focused on the need for
establishing free public schools for Children of all classes.Sig: Horace Mann (1796-1859)
was the leading advocate of the common (public) school movement for tax-supported school
spread rapidly to other states.
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(Related) Horace Mann (1796-1859)
Secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education, he was a prominent proponent of public
school reform, and set the standard for public schools throughout the nation.
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(Related) Horace mann
Secretary of newly formed Massachusetts Board of Education; created public school system in
Mass that became model for nation; Started first American public schools using European
schools (Prussian military schools) as models
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Mormons (Latter Day Saints)
church founded by Joseph Smith in 1830 with headquarters in Salt Lake City, Utah, religious
group that emphasized moderation, saving, hard work, and risk-taking; moved from IL to UT
https://quizlet.com/8190241/apush-chapter-11-terms-flash-cards/
(Related) Mormons
church founded by Joseph Smith in 1830 with headquarters in Salt Lake City, Utah, religious
group that emphasized moderation, saving, hard work, and risk-taking; moved from IL to Utah
https://quizlet.com/8190241/apush-chapter-11-terms-flash-cards/
(Related) Mormons
church founded by Joseph Smith in 1830 with headquarters in Salt Lake City, Utah
https://quizlet.com/8190241/apush-chapter-11-terms-flash-cards/
Transcendentalism
The Transcendentalist movement of the 1830's consisted of mainly modernizing the old
puritan beliefs. This system of beliefs owed a lot to foreign influences, and usually
resembled the philosophies of John Locke. Transcendentalists believe that truth transcends
the body through the senses, Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau were two of the
more famous transcendentalists.
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(Related) Transcendentalism
A philosophy pioneered by Ralph Waldo Emerson in the 1830's and 1840's, in which each
person has direct communication with God and Nature, and there is no need for organized
churches. It incorporated the ideas that mind goes beyond matter, intuition is valuable,
that each soul is part of the Great Spirit, and each person is part of a reality where only
the invisible is truly real. Promoted individualism, self-reliance, and freedom from social
constraints, and emphasized emotions.
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(Related) Transcendentalism
Transcendentalism was an intellectual movement rooted in the religious soil of New England.
Transcendentalists turned to the romantics in Europe for inspiration. Many
Transcendentalists believed in the importance of nature and degraded materialism.
Transcendentalism greatly influenced modern American Literature. CULTURAL.
https://quizlet.com/464145/apush-ch11-vocab-flash-cards/
Hudson River School
Founded by Thomas Cole, first native school of landscape painting in the U.S.; attracted
artists rebelling against the neoclassical tradition, painted many scenes of New York's
Hudson River
https://quizlet.com/16334769/chapter-12-apush-identifications-flash-cards/
Henry David Thoreau
He was a poet, a mystic, a transcendentalist, a nonconformist, and a close friend of Ralph
Waldo Emerson who lived from 1817-1862. He condemned government for supporting slavery and
was jailed when he refused to pay his Mass. poll tax. He is well known for his novel about
the two years of simple living he spent on the edge of Walden Pond called "Walden" , Or
Life in the Woods. This novel furthered many idealistic thoughts. He was a great
transcendentalist writer who not only wrote many great things, but who also encouraged, by
his writings, Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr.
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(Related) Henry David Thoreau
A transcendentalist and friend of Emerson. He lived alone on Walden Pond with only $8 a
year from 1845-1847 and wrote about it in Walden.
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(Related) Henry David Thoreau
American transcendentalist who was against a government that supported slavery. He wrote
down his beliefs in Walden. He started the movement of civil-disobedience when he refused
to pay the toll-tax to support him Mexican War.
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(Related) Henry David Thoreau
Henry David Thoreau was a famous American transcendentalist who turned to the environment
for inspiration. Thoreau built a cabin at Walden Pond and lived there alone for two years.
In 1854 Thoreau published his book, Walden, which was about his time spent living in
isolation and his different feelings on society. CULTURAL.
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(Related) Henry David Thoreau
A New England man. An intellectual. follower of Emerson's literary movement. Built cabin
near Walden pond. Advocated nonconformity and civil disobedience.
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Ralph Waldo Emerson
Trancendentalist
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(Related) Ralph Waldo Emerson
Ralph Waldo Emerson was one of the forerunners of the transcendentalist movement. Emerson
celebrated the individual and rejected social constraints. CULTURAL.
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(Related) Ralph Waldo Emerson
transcendentalist, leading voice, Unitarian, explored "he infinitude of the private man",
people trapped by inherited custom and intuitions, translated abstract ideas into ordinary
people language
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(Related) Ralph Waldo Emerson
american transcendentalist who was against slavery and stressed self-reliance, optimism,
self-improvement, self-confidence, and freedom. he was a prime example of a
transcendentalist and helped further the movement.
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(Related) Ralph Waldo Emerson
a former minister turned essay writer, founder of Transcendentalism, focused on the idea of
a radically free individual & emphasized nature, wrote "The American Scholar" & many other
essays
https://quizlet.com/1477367/apush-vocab-flash-cards/
American Temperance Society
Was established in 1826. Within five years there were 2,220 local chapters in the U.S. with
170,000 members who had taken a pledge to abstain from drinking alcoholic beverages
https://quizlet.com/8178889/amsco-ap-us-history-chapter-11-flash-cards/
(Related) American Temperance Society
An organization group in which reformers are trying to help the ever present drink problem.
This group was formed in Boston in 1826, and it was the first well-organized group created
to deal with the problems drunkards had on societies well being, and the possible wellbeing of the individuals that are heavily influenced by alcohol.
https://quizlet.com/8178889/amsco-ap-us-history-chapter-11-flash-cards/
(Related) American Temperance Society
1826, Protestant ministers and others concerned with the high rate of alcohol consumption
and the effects of such excessive drinking, founded this society; wanted people to
completely abstain from drinking alcohol
https://quizlet.com/8178889/amsco-ap-us-history-chapter-11-flash-cards/
(Related) American Temperance Society
A society that benefited from, and contributed to, a reform sentiment in much of the
country promoting the abolition of slavery, expanding women's rights, temperance, and the
improvement of society.
https://quizlet.com/8178889/amsco-ap-us-history-chapter-11-flash-cards/
(Related) American Temperance Society
Formed in Boston in 1826; against alcohol,which decreased efficiency of labor, increased
machine accidents, and fouled sanctity of family and spiritual welfare; attacked alcohol
with temperance and removing temptation by legislation; however,most laws against alcohol
are declared unconstitutional and flouted; temperance is the only path; used temperance
pledges,children's clubs and propaganda to protest alcohol
https://quizlet.com/8178889/amsco-ap-us-history-chapter-11-flash-cards/
Harriet Tubman
United States abolitionist born a slave on a plantation in Maryland and became a famous
conductor on the Underground Railroad leading other slaves to freedom in the North (18201913)
https://quizlet.com/8027784/apush-vocabulary-chapter-18-19-flash-cards/
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(Related) Harriet Tubman
Former slave who escaped and then returned to the South to help other slaves out of
captivity. Later served as a spy in the Civil War.Sig: Helped to found the underground
railroad, allowed for the freedom of many slaves, exemplified white slaveholders fears.
https://quizlet.com/8027784/apush-vocabulary-chapter-18-19-flash-cards/
(Related) Harriet Tubman (c.1820-1913)
Famed conductor on the Underground Railroad, Harriet Tubman helped rescue more than three
hundred slaves from bondage. Born into slavery, Tubman fled to the North in 1849 but
returned to the South nineteen times to guide fellow bondsman to freedom. After the Civil
War, she worked to give freedmen access to education in North Carolina.
https://quizlet.com/8027784/apush-vocabulary-chapter-18-19-flash-cards/
(Related) Harriet Tubman
United States abolitionist born a slave on a plantation in Maryland and became a famous
conductor on the Underground Railroad leading other slaves to freedom in the North (18201913)
https://quizlet.com/8027784/apush-vocabulary-chapter-18-19-flash-cards/
(Related) Harriet Tubman
American abolitionist. Born a slave on a Maryland plantation, she escaped to the North in
1849 and became the most renowned conductor on the Underground Railroad, leading more than
300 slaves to freedom.
https://quizlet.com/8027784/apush-vocabulary-chapter-18-19-flash-cards/
William Lloyd Garrison (1831-1850s)
most conspicious and most vilified of the abolitionists, published "The Liberator" in
Boston, helped found the American Anti-Slavery Society; favored Northern secession and
renounced politics
https://quizlet.com/6831120/apush-ch-15-flash-cards/
(Related) William Lloyd Garrison
(1805-1879) Garrison was a famous American abolitionist, social reformer, and journalist.
He is best known for his famous paper The Liberator and for his founding of the American
Anti-Slavery Society. Garrison was also a voice for the women's suffrage movement.
https://quizlet.com/6831120/apush-ch-15-flash-cards/
(Related) William Lloyd Garrison
prominent american abolitionist, journalist and social reformer. editor of radical
abolitionist newspaper "the liberator", and one of the founders of the american antislavery society.
https://quizlet.com/6831120/apush-ch-15-flash-cards/
(Related) William Lloyd Garrison
1805-1879. Prominent American abolitionist, journalist and social reformer. Editor of
radical abolitionist newspaper "The Liberator", and one of the founders of the American
Anti-Slavery Society.
https://quizlet.com/6831120/apush-ch-15-flash-cards/
(Related) William Lloyd Garrison
1805-1879. Prominent American abolitionist, journalist and social reformer. Editor of
radical abolitionist newspaper "The Liberator", and one of the founders of the American
Anti-Slavery Society.
https://quizlet.com/6831120/apush-ch-15-flash-cards/
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american anti-slavery society
founded in 1833 by william lloyd garrison and other abolitionists. garrison burned the
constitution as a proslavery document. argued for "no union with slaveholders" until they
repented for their sins by freeing their slaves.
https://quizlet.com/15734865/chapter-16-vocab-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) American Anti-Slavery Society (1833-1870)
Abolitionist society founded by William Loyd Garrison, who advocated the immediate
abolition of slavery; by 1838, the organization had more than 250,000 members across 1,350
chapters
https://quizlet.com/15734865/chapter-16-vocab-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) American Anti-Slavery Society
Founded in 1833 by William Lloyd Garrison and other abolitionists. Garrison burned the
Constitution as a proslavery document. Argued for "no Union with slaveholders" until they
repented for their sins by freeing their slaves.
https://quizlet.com/15734865/chapter-16-vocab-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) American Anti-Slavery Society (1833)
Founded in 1833 by William Lloyd Garrison and other abolitionists. Garrison burned the
Constitution as a pro-slavery document. Argued for "no Union with slaveholders" until they
repented for their sins by freeing their slaves. p.386
https://quizlet.com/15734865/chapter-16-vocab-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) American Anti-Slavery Society
society of Theodore Weld, William Lloyd Garrison, Arthur and Lewis Tappan, along with about
sixty other white and free African-American abolitionists, developed a program that they
hoped would attract massive numbers of middle-class Americans
https://quizlet.com/15734865/chapter-16-vocab-apush-flash-cards/
American Colonization Society
The American Colonization Society was an attempt to satisfy both people who wanted to free
African slaves and the slave owners who wanted to expel Africans from America. The American
Colonization was established in 1817 by influential Americans who were worried about the
impact of slavery and race on society founded the American Colonization Society. Cultural.
https://quizlet.com/10455201/apush-terms-chapter-12-flash-cards/
(Related) American Colonization Society
A Society that thought slavery was bad. They would buy land in Africa and get free blacks
to move there. One of these such colonies was made into what now is Liberia. Most sponsors
just wanted to get blacks out of their country.
https://quizlet.com/10455201/apush-terms-chapter-12-flash-cards/
(Related) American Colonization Society (1817)
reflecting the focus of early abolitionists on transporting freed blacks back to Africa,
the organization established Liberia, a West-African settlement inteded as a haven for
emancipated slaves
https://quizlet.com/10455201/apush-terms-chapter-12-flash-cards/
(Related) American Colonization Society
An organization devoted to sending former slaves to Africa. Many of its members believed
slavery to be an evil institution but they also understood it's hold on the nation due to
it's economic value.
https://quizlet.com/10455201/apush-terms-chapter-12-flash-cards/
Frederick Douglass
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Influencial writer. one of the most prominent african american figures in the abolitionist
movement. escaped from slavery in maryland. he was a great thinker and speaker. published
his own antislavery newspaper called the north star and wrote an autobiography that was
published in 1845.
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(Related) Frederick Douglass
social reformer, orator, write and statesmen. Escaped from slavery and became a leader of
the abolist movemnt. Major speaker for the cause of the abolition movement. Living example
of slaves capacity to function as a citizen. supported womens suffrage and iks best known
for his autobiographies especially the one about himself called the narrative of the life
of _______.
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(Related) Frederick Douglass
[FD] born a slave in Maryland; escaped to Massachusetts 1838 and became an outspoken leader
of antislavery and spent two years lecturing in England; purchased his freedom from his
Maryland owner and founded the North Star; presented a cruel picture of slavery; became the
leader of the black abolitionist cause; originall Frederick Bailey, then Johnson, and
finally Douglass
https://quizlet.com/8055797/apush-the-american-pageant-12e-ch-16-the-south-and-slaveryflash-cards/
(Related) Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass (1845)
vivid autobiography of the escaped slave and renowed abolitionist Frederick Douglass
https://quizlet.com/8055797/apush-the-american-pageant-12e-ch-16-the-south-and-slaveryflash-cards/
(Related) Frederick Douglass (late 1830s-1840s)
born a slave but escaped to the North and became a prominent black abolitionist; gifted
orator, writer, and editor; published "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass"
https://quizlet.com/8055797/apush-the-american-pageant-12e-ch-16-the-south-and-slaveryflash-cards/
(Related) Frederick Douglass
United States abolitionist who escaped from slavery and became an influential writer and
lecturer in the North (1817-1895) one of the most prominent African American figures in the
abolitionist movement. escaped from slavery in Maryland. he was a great thinker and
speaker. Published his own antislavery newspaper called the North star and wrote an
autobiography that was published in 1845.,
https://quizlet.com/8055797/apush-the-american-pageant-12e-ch-16-the-south-and-slaveryflash-cards/
Gag Resolution
Strict rule passed by prosouthern Congressmen in 1836 to prohibit all discussion of slavery
in the House of Representatives
https://quizlet.com/55984902/apush-chapter-19-flash-cards/
(Related) Gag Resolution
Strict rule passed by prosouthern Congressmen in 1836 to prohibit all discussion of slavery
in the House of Representatives
https://quizlet.com/55984902/apush-chapter-19-flash-cards/
(Related) What was the House Gag resolution?
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This was an agreement that congress would not talk about the issue of slavery to avoid
conflict in the government. It angered many Americans because they thought it was against
their first amendment rights to discuss these issues.
https://quizlet.com/55984902/apush-chapter-19-flash-cards/
(Related) Gag resolution
A strict rule passed by pro-southern Congressmen in 1836 to prohibit all discussion of
slavery in the House of Representatives. All petitions were effectively "tabled"; or
prevented petitions from being read or discussed. Such a rule threatened freedom of speech
and petition. The gag rule passed with 117 to 68 in congress. The main argument was that
congress had no right to infere with slavery.
https://quizlet.com/55984902/apush-chapter-19-flash-cards/
(Related) Gag resolution (1836)
prohibited debate or action on antislavery appeals; driven throught eh House by pro-slavery
Southerners, the gag resoultion passed every year for eight years, eventually overturned
with the help of John Quincy Adams
https://quizlet.com/55984902/apush-chapter-19-flash-cards/
David Walker
he was a black abolitionist who called for the immediate emancipation of slaves. wrote
pamphlet on black pride. he wrote the "appeal to the colored citizens of the world." it
called for a bloody end to white supremacy. he believed that the only way to end slavery
was for slaves to physically revolt.
https://quizlet.com/29805947/apush-chapter-13-flash-cards/
(Related) David Walker
He was a black abolitionist who called for the immediate emancipation of slaves. He wrote
the "Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World." It called for a bloody end to white
supremacy. He believed that the only way to end slavery was for slaves to physically
revolt.
https://quizlet.com/29805947/apush-chapter-13-flash-cards/
(Related) David Walker
He was a black abolitionist who called for the immediate emancipation of slaves. He wrote
the "Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World." It called for a bloody end to white
supremacy. He believed that the only way to end slavery was for slaves to physically
revolt.
https://quizlet.com/29805947/apush-chapter-13-flash-cards/
(Related) David Walker
was an outspoken African American activist who demanded the immediate end of slavery in the
new nation. A leader within the Black enclave in Boston, Massachusetts, he published in
1829 his Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World: a call to "awaken my brethren" to the
power within Black unity and struggle.
https://quizlet.com/29805947/apush-chapter-13-flash-cards/
(Related) David Walker
an audaciously outspoken Black American activist who demanded the immediate end of slavery
in the new nation. A leader within the Black enclave in Boston, Massachusetts. David
Walker's Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World: a call to "awaken my brethren" to
the power within Black unity and struggle. recognized for his critical contribution to
ending chattel slavery in the United States. one of the most important political and social
documents of the 19th century. They credit Walker for exerting a radicalizing influence on
the abolitionist movements of his day and beyond. He has inspired many generations of Black
leaders and activists of all backgrounds.
https://quizlet.com/29805947/apush-chapter-13-flash-cards/
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Harriet Beecher Stowe
novelist. wrote uncle tom's cabin, a book about a slave who is treated badly, in 1852. the
book persuaded more people, particularly northerners, to become anti-slavery.
https://quizlet.com/7231837/chapter-19-covab-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) Harriet Beecher Stowe
A nineteenth-century American author best known for Uncle Tom's Cabin, a powerful novel
that inflamed sentiment against slavery.
https://quizlet.com/7231837/chapter-19-covab-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) Harriet Beecher Stowe
wrote uncle tom's cabin, a book about a slave who is treated badly, in 1852. the book
persuaded more people, particularly northerners, to become anti-slavery.
https://quizlet.com/7231837/chapter-19-covab-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) Harriet Beecher Stowe
Wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin, a book about a slave who is treated badly, in 1852. The book
persuaded more people to become anti-slavery.
https://quizlet.com/7231837/chapter-19-covab-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) Harriet Beecher Stowe
She wrote the abolitionist book. It helped to crystallize the rift between the North and
South. It has been called the greatest American propaganda novel ever written, and helped
to bring about the Civil War. In 1862, when she visited President Lincoln, legend claims
that he greeted her: "So this is the little lady who made this big war?"
https://quizlet.com/7231837/chapter-19-covab-apush-flash-cards/
Sojourner Truth
United States abolitionist and feminist who was freed from slavery and became a leading
advocate of the abolition of slavery and for the rights of women (1797-1883)
https://quizlet.com/7620074/apush-chapter-16-the-american-pageant-flash-cards/
(Related) Sojourner Truth (1840s)
freed black woman in New York who fought tirelessly for black emancipation and women's
rights
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(Related) Sojourner Truth
An abolitionist and escaped slave of the nineteenth century. She was famous as a speaker
against slavery.
https://quizlet.com/7620074/apush-chapter-16-the-american-pageant-flash-cards/
(Related) Sojourner Truth
Sojourner Truth was a slave who escaped in 1827. As a Black abolitionist and a woman, she
often met prejudice from anti-feminist White abolitionists who also expected free Black
people to be quiet members of the movement. She became an important spokesperson for the
abolitionist movement and was an influential bridge between that and the women's rights
movement
https://quizlet.com/7620074/apush-chapter-16-the-american-pageant-flash-cards/
(Related) Sojourner Truth
American abolitionist and feminist. Born into slavery, she escaped in 1827 and became a
leading preacher against slavery and for the rights of women.
https://quizlet.com/7620074/apush-chapter-16-the-american-pageant-flash-cards/
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Lucy Stone
women's rights advocatefounder of National Women's Suffrage Association
https://quizlet.com/32231479/apush-unit-3-terms-womens-rights-flash-cards/
(Related) Lucy Stone
woman who maintained her maiden name after marriage; was extremely important to woman's
suffrage
https://quizlet.com/32231479/apush-unit-3-terms-womens-rights-flash-cards/
(Related) Lucy Stone
(1818-1893) American woman suffragist, she was a well-known and accomplished antislavery
speaker who supported the women's rights movement. She was the first woman to receive a
college degree and the first to keep her maiden name.
https://quizlet.com/32231479/apush-unit-3-terms-womens-rights-flash-cards/
(Related) Lucy Stone
This woman formed American Women's suffrage movement. She also became abolitionist,
lecturer for Anti-Slavery Society. She did not want to separate the women's rights movement
from the abolitionist/civil rights movement. She was also one of the first American women
to keep her maiden name after marriage.
https://quizlet.com/32231479/apush-unit-3-terms-womens-rights-flash-cards/
Susan B. Anthony
Susan B Anthony was a leader of the women's suffrage movement. Anthony helped found the
National Women's Suffrage Association with Elizabeth Cady Stanton. She convinced
congressional supporters to introduce a Constitutional amendment giving women the right to
vote. This amendment, however, did not become the law until 14 years after her death.
POLITICAL.
https://quizlet.com/17965662/apush-ch-25-flash-cards/
(Related) Susan B. Anthony
Susan B. Anthony was a lecturer for women's rights. She was a Quaker. Many conventions were
held for the rights of women in the 1840s. Susan B. Anthony was a strong woman who believed
that men and women were equal. She fought for her rights even though people objected. Her
followers were called Suzy B's.
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(Related) Susan B. Anthony
Reformer and woman suffragist, she, with long-time friend Elizabeth Cady Stanton, advocated
for temperance and women's rights in New York State, established the abolitionist Women's
Loyal Leasgue during the Civil War, and founded the National Woman Suggrage Association in
1869 to lobby for a constitutional amendment giving women the vote.
https://quizlet.com/17965662/apush-ch-25-flash-cards/
(Related) Susan B. Anthony
key leader of woman suffrage movement, social reformer who campaigned for womens rights,
the temperance, and was an abolitionist, helped form the national woman suffrage
assosiation
https://quizlet.com/17965662/apush-ch-25-flash-cards/
(Related) Susan B. Anthony
Key leader of woman suffrage movement, social reformer who campaigned for womens rights,
the temperance, and was an abolitionist, helped form the National Woman Suffrage
Assosiation
https://quizlet.com/17965662/apush-ch-25-flash-cards/
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Emma Willard
The first American advocator of higher education for women, and founded four academies for
girls in the 1800s.
https://quizlet.com/54311369/apush-vocab-ch-8-flash-cards/
(Related) Emma Willard (1787-1870)
Early supporter of women's education, in 1818 she published Plan for Improving Female
Education, which became the basis for public education of women in New York. In 1821, she
opened her own girls' school, the Troy Female Seminary, designed to prepare women for
college.
https://quizlet.com/54311369/apush-vocab-ch-8-flash-cards/
(Related) Emma Willard
Emma Willard was the first American female advocate of higher education for women. Willard
opened the Middlebury Female Seminary. She also founded schools in New York for girls.
Cultural.
https://quizlet.com/54311369/apush-vocab-ch-8-flash-cards/
(Related) Emma Willard
Early supporter of women's education, in 1818. She published Plan for Improving Education,
which became the basis for public education of women in New York. 1821, she opened her own
girls' school, the Troy Female Seminary, designed to prepare women for college.
https://quizlet.com/54311369/apush-vocab-ch-8-flash-cards/
(Related) Emma Willard
in 1821 founded Troy Female Seminary in New York which was a model for girls' schools
everywhere
https://quizlet.com/54311369/apush-vocab-ch-8-flash-cards/
john tyler
elected Vice President and became the 10th President of the United States when Harrison
died 1841-1845, President responsible for annexation of Mexico after receiving mandate from
Polk, opposed many parts of the Whig program for economic recovery
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(Related) John Tyler
Took office after the death of William Henry Harrison in 1841. He was a democrat but was
swayed by his adoptive Whig Party. He signed a law to end the independent treasury but he
vetoed attempts to create a Fiscal Bank. "His accidency".
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(Related) John Tyler
Harrison's VP who became president after Harrison's death; didn't really have a party- he
ran as a Whig but still agreed with Democratic ideas; vetoed independent treasury and
passed the protective tariff down to 1832 levels during his presidency
https://quizlet.com/8163389/apush-ch-17-18-flash-cards/
(Related) John Tyler
Becomes president after Harrison's death, stubbornly attached to principle, ex-democrat
(became a Whig because he did not like the dictatorial tactics of Jackson), accused of
being a Democrat in Whig clothing which is only partially true (Whig party, like Democratic
party, was a catchall and Tyler belonged to the minority wing), Tyler had been put on the
ballot to attract the fringe group of Jeffersonian states' righters
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(Related) John Tyler
elected Vice President and became the 10th President of the United States when Harrison
died 1841-1845, President responsible for annexation of Mexico after receiving mandate from
Polk, opposed many parts of the Whig program for economic recovery
https://quizlet.com/8163389/apush-ch-17-18-flash-cards/
Webster-Ashburton Treaty
treaty resolving border issues between US and British North American Colonies. Particularly
a dispute over Maine-New Brunswick resolved old border confusions. Signed by Daniel Webster
and Baron Ashburton.
https://quizlet.com/8114363/apush-unit-4-flash-cards/
(Related) Webster-Ashburton Treaty
signed August 9, 1842, was a treaty resolving several border issues between the United
States and the British North American colonies, particularly a dispute over the location of
the Maine-New Brunswick border. Also banned the slave trade (on the ocean)
https://quizlet.com/8114363/apush-unit-4-flash-cards/
(Related) Webster-Ashburton Treaty
Signed in 1842, the Treaty resolved a number of border disputes between the US and the
British North American colonies. The Maine-Newbrunswick border, the Lake Superior and the
Lake of the Woods border, saw the 49th parallel as the border in the West. A formal end to
slave trade on the high seas and shared use of the Great Lakes was established. Borders
became fixed.
https://quizlet.com/8114363/apush-unit-4-flash-cards/
(Related) Webster-Ashburton Treaty
British wanted to build a road from Halifax to Quebec. Proposed route ran through disputed
territory; Lumberjacks fought a small scale clash dubbed the Aroostook War which threatened
to widen; Lord Ashburton sent to Washington to work out a compromise with Secretary
Webster; Compromise was reached: Maine boundary-Americans retain 7,000 square miles of
12,000 in dispute, British got Halifax to Quebec route; when boundary was adjusted further
west, American got 6,500 more square miles that contained the priceless Mesabi iron ore of
Minnesota.
https://quizlet.com/8114363/apush-unit-4-flash-cards/
(Related) Webster-Ashburton Treaty
signed August 9, 1842, was a treaty resolving several border issues between the United
States and the British North American colonies. It resolved a dispute over the location of
the Maine-New Brunswick border, established the border between Lake Superior and the Lake
of the Woods, originally defined in the Treaty of Paris (1783), reaffirmed the location of
the border (at the 49th parallel) in the westward frontier up to the Rocky Mountains
defined in the Treaty of 1818, called for a final end to the slave trade on the high seas,
and agreed to shared use of the Great Lakes. The treaty was signed by United States
Secretary of State Daniel Webster and British diplomat Alexander Baring, 1st Baron
Ashburton
https://quizlet.com/8114363/apush-unit-4-flash-cards/
Annexation of Texas
U.S. made Texas a state in 1845. Joint resolution - both houses of Congress supported
annexation under Tyler, and he signed the bill shortly before leaving office-part of John
Tyler's presidential campaign
https://quizlet.com/4138026/apush-unit-5-flash-cards/
(Related) Annexation of Texas
Polk sends delegates to Mexico with $25 million for California and land between TX and CA;
US sends troops into Texas's disputed border land, Mexicans attack and war is declared; US
wins all land and Texas's southern boundary is the Rio Grande
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(Related) Annexation of Texas
During president Tyler's administration ... arranged for annexation by joint resolution of
Congress. Passed in early 1845; Texas formally invited to become 28th star on American Flag
.. .28th state ...
https://quizlet.com/4138026/apush-unit-5-flash-cards/
Manifest Destiny
This expression was popular in the 1840s. Many people believed that the U.S. was destined
to secure territory from "sea to sea," from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. This
rationale drove the acquisition of territory.
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(Related) Manifest Destiny
A notion held by a nineteenth-century Americans that the United States was destined to rule
the continent, from the Atlantic the Pacific.
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(Related) Manifest Destiny
the 19th century American belief that the United States was destined to expand across the
continent. It was used by Democrats in the 1840s to justify the war with Mexico; the
concept was denounced by Whigs, and fell into disuse after the mid-19th century. First used
for the annexation of Texas issue. Opposed by Clay, Webster and Lincoln, but supported by
Polk.
https://quizlet.com/44682989/apush-chapter-17-manifest-destiny-and-its-legacy-flash-cards/
(Related) Manifest Destiny
the American belief that God meant for them to spread democracy to the whole continent; led
to many conflicts, especially the Mexican War; term was first used by John O'Sullivan
https://quizlet.com/44682989/apush-chapter-17-manifest-destiny-and-its-legacy-flash-cards/
(Related) Manifest Destiny
Phrase commonly used in the 1840's and 1850's. It expressed the inevitableness of continued
expansion of the U.S. to the Pacific.
https://quizlet.com/44682989/apush-chapter-17-manifest-destiny-and-its-legacy-flash-cards/
James K. Polk
11th President of the United States from Tennessee; committed to westward expansion
(believed in Manifest Destiny); led the country during the Mexican War; U.S. annexed Texas
and took over Oregon during his administration
https://quizlet.com/10710108/ap-us-history-chapter-17-flash-cards/
(Related) James K. Polk 17
13th President. Dark-Horse (1844) whose four pronged approach to presidency was:
reestablish the independent treasury system, reduce tariffs, aquire Oregon, and acquire
California and New Mexico from Mexico.
https://quizlet.com/10710108/ap-us-history-chapter-17-flash-cards/
(Related) James K. Polk
11th president of the United StatesDark horse candidate, huge proponent of manifest
destinyDemocrat
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Election of 1844
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Candidates: Henry Clay (Whigs- in an upset over Van Buren) and James Polk (Democrat). Polk
favored expansion, demanded that Texas and Oregon be added to the US and Clay had already
spoken out against annexation. Polk won the election by the difference of one state (NY,
because some of its votes went to the Liberty Party candidate, losing Clay the state)
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(Related) Election of 1844: Candidates
James K. Polk - Democrat. Henry Clay - Whig. James G. Birney - Liberty Party.
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(Related) Election of 1844: Issues
Manifest Destiny Issues: The annexation of Texas and the reoccupation of Oregon. Tariff
reform.
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(Related) Election of 1844: Third party's impact
Third party's impact was significant. James G. Birney drew enough votes away from Clay to
give Polk New York, and thus the election.
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(Related) Election of 1844
Van Buren and Calhoun competed for the Democrats' seat, but lost the nomination to dark
horse candidate James K. Polk. He was a war hero and... and... did we mention he was a war
hero? Meanwhile, Whigs were unable to harness the same sort of energy towards their
candidate Henry Clay, and votes were also taken by a third party (Liberty Party) to give
Polk the presidency.
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(Related) Election of 1844
o Issues were Texas and Expansion of America.• Oregon was the expansion part.• Annex Texas
or what?• Democrats chose the dark horse candidate James K. Polko No one really knew about
him.o For expansion• Whigs chose Henry Clayo Against expansiono Northern Whigs and Southern
Whigs• Northern Whigs changed themselves to the Liberty Partyo Candidate for them was James
Birney• Takes a lot of votes from Clay Loses the Presidency
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(Related) Election of 1844
Henry Clay vs. James K. Polk (Polk wins)
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Ostend Manifesto
1854stated that the US was to offer $120 million to Spain for CUba and if it refused and
Spain;s ownership of the land continued to endanger the US, then AMerica would be justified
in seizing the land (sell or it'll be taken)
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(Related) Ostend Manifesto
The Ostend Manifesto took place in 1854. A group of southerners met with Spanish officials
in Belgium to attempt to get more slave territory. They felt this would balance out
congress. They tried to buy Cuba but the Spanish would not sell it. Southerners wanted to
take it by force and the northerners were outraged by this thought.
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(Related) Ostend Manifesto
a confidential 1854 dispatch to the U.S.State Department from American diplomats meeting in
Ostend, Belgium, suggesting that the U.S. would be justified in seizing Cuba if Spain
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refused to sell it to the U.S. When word of the document leaked, Northerners seethed at
this "slaveholders plot" to extend slavery
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(Related) Ostend Manifesto
a declaration (1854) issued from ostend, belgium, by the u.s. ministers to england, france,
and spain, stating that the u.s. would be justified in seizing cuba if spain did not sell
it to the u.s. a document drawn up in 1854 that instructed the buying of cuba from spain,
then suggested the taking of cuba by force it caused outrage among northerners who felt it
was a southern attempt to extend slavery as states in cuba would be southern states.
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(Related) Ostend Manifesto (1854)
Secret Franklin Pierce administration proposal to purchase or, that failing, to wrest
militarily Cuba from Spain. Once leaked, it was quickly abandoned due to vehement
opposition from the North.
https://quizlet.com/3429097/apush-chapter-18-flash-cards/
Spot Resolutions
Proposed by Abraham Lincoln in the spring of 1846. After news from president James K. Polk
that 16 American service men had been killed or wounded on the Mexican border in American
territory, Abraham Lincoln, then a congressman from Illinois, proposed these resolutions to
find out exactly on what spot the American soldier's blood had been shed. In Polk's report
to congress the President stated that the American soldiers fell on American soil, but they
actually fell on disputed territory that Mexico had historical claims to. To find out were
the soldiers fell was important because congress was near to declaring war on Mexico.
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The Walker Tariff of 1846
The Walker Tariff was a set of tariff rates adopted by the United States in 1846. The
Walker Tariff was enacted by the Democrats, and made substantial cuts in the high rates of
the "Black Tariff" of 1842, enacted by the Whigs. It was based on a report by Secretary of
the Treasury Robert J. Walker. The Walker Tariff reduced rates by 25% to 35%
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(Related) Walker Tariff of 1846
the name for the Polk administration tariff that lowered rates from 32 to 25 percent and
proved to be a good revenue producer.
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Mexican American War
A war between the U.S. and Mexico spanned the period from spring 1846 to fall 1847. The war
was initiated by the United States and resulted in Mexico's defeat and the loss of
approximately 1/3 of its national territory in the north.
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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
(1848) Ended Mexican-American War; Mexico gave up all claims to land from Texas to
California for $15 million
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(Related) Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
This treaty was negotiated by the chief clerk of the State Department, Nicholas P.
after a few failed attempts at an armistice. He signed the treaty on February 2nd,
The treaty was very successful, giving America claim to Texas, and all of the land
Texas stretching up to Oregon, including California. The U.S. paid $15 million for
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Trist,
1848.
west of
the
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land, which increased the size of the country by about 1/3. Some were resentful of the
victory over Mexico and the terms of the treaty because they thought that the U.S. should
get all of Mexico. Others were angry because they thought Polk hadn't followed the "AngloSaxon spirit of fair play."
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(Related) Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
February 2 1848. The agreement between President Polk and the new Mexican government for
Mexico to cede California and New Mexico to the US and acknowledge the Rio Grand as the
boundary of Texas. In return, the US promised to assume any financial claims its new
citizens had against Mexico and to pay the Mexicans $15 million.
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(Related) Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
peace treat largely dictated by the US to the Gov. of military occupied Mexico City which
ended the Mexico American war (1846-1848) Mexico surrendered to the US and entered
negotiation to end the war. Negotiated by Nicholas Trist and General Winfield Scott. US
gained Mexican Cession and the Rio Grande river was the southern boundary of the US and
Texas.
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Wilmot Proviso
Bill proposed after the Mexican War that stated that neither slavery no involuntary
servitude shall ever exist in any territory gained from Mexico. It was never passed through
both houses but it transformed the debate of slavery.
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(Related) The Wilmot Proviso
Proposal to prohibit slavery in any land acquired in the Mexican War, but southern
senators, led by John C. Calhoun of South Carolina, defeated the measure in 1846 and 1847.
It Failed
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(Related) WIlmot Proviso
stated that slavery should not exist in any of the Mexican cessions -passed House, but not
Senate-IMPORTANCE: opened old wounds of slavery and leads to the Civil War
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(Related) Wilmot Proviso
Proposal to prohibit slavery in any land acquired in the Mexican War, but southern
senators, led by John C. Calhoun of South Carolina, defeated the measure in 1846 and 1847.
https://quizlet.com/3427218/apush-chapter-17-flash-cards/
(Related) Wilmot Proviso
Dispute over whether any Mexican territory that America won during the Mexican War should
be free or a slave territory. A representative named David Wilmot introduced an amendment
stating that any territory acquired from Mexico would be free. This amendment passed the
House twice, but failed to ever pass in Senate. The "Wilmot Proviso", as it became known
as, became a symbol of how intense dispute over slavery was in the U.S. and causes
sectionalism
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popular sovereignty
notion that the sovereign people of a given territory should decide whether to allow
slavery. Seemingly a compromise, it was largely opposed by Northern abolitionists who
feared it would promote the spread of slavery to the territories.
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(Related) Popular Sovereignty
the legitimacy of the state is determined by the will or the consent of the people for
political matters. Popular Sovereignty was used before the civil war that when territories
were becoming states could vote whether to be a free or a slave state.
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(Related) popular sovereignty
Notion that the sovereign people of a given territory should decide whether to allow
slavery. Seemingly a compromise, it was largely opposed by Northern abolitionists who
feared it would promote the spread of slavery to the territories
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(Related) Popular Sovereignty
people of territory make their own decision regarding slavery;expected to use
constitutional principles;General Lewis Cass= "father"
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(Related) popular sovereignty
The concept that political power rests with the people who can create, alter, and abolish
government. People express themselves through voting and free participation in government
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free-soil movement; Free-Soil party
Did not want end of slavery but they wanted to keep the West a land of opportunity for
whites only so that the white majority would not have to compete with the labor of slaves
or free blacks; Free-Soil party in 1848 in North, saying, "free soil, free labor, free
men"; advocated free homesteads (public land grants to small farmers) and internal
improvements
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California gold rush (1849)
thousands of miners travel to Northern California after news reports of the discovery of
gold at Sutter's Mill in January of 1848 had spread around the world. This caused
Californians to apply for statehood in 1849
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(Related) California Gold Rush
1848 gold was discovered by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill, in Coloma, California. News
of the discovery soon spread, resulting in some 300,000 men, women, and children coming to
California from the rest of the United States and abroad. These early gold-seekers, called
"forty-niners," traveled to California by sailing boat and in covered wagons across the
continent, often facing substantial hardships on the trip. San Francisco grew from a small
settlement to a boomtown, and roads, churches, schools and other towns were built
throughout California. A system of laws and a government were created, leading to the
admission of California as a state in 1850
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(Related) California gold rush (beginning in 1949)
Inflow of thousands of miners to Northern California after news reports of the discovery of
gold at Sutter's Mill in January of 1848 has spread around the world by the end of that
year. The onslaught of migrants prompted Californians to organize a government and apply
for statehood in 1849.
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(Related) California Gold Rush
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(1849) Inflow of thousands of miners to Northern California after news reports of the
discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill in January of 1848 had spread around the world by the
end of the year. The onslaught of migrants prompted Californians to organize a government
and apply for statehood in 1849
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Compromise of 1850
package of five bills sent in September 1850. It defused a four year confrontation between
the southern slave states and the northern Free states following the Mexican American War.
Drafted by Whig Henry Clay and brokered by Democrat Stephen Douglas it temporarily avoided
secession or civil war at the time and it quieted a sectional conflict for 4 years.
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(Related) Compromise of 1850
1850, Forestalled the Civil War by instating the Fugitive Slave Act , banning slave trade
in DC, admitting California as a free state, splitting up the Texas territory, and
instating popular sovereignty in the Mexican Cession
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(Related) Compromise of 1850
North:• California admitted as a free state• Texas gave up its claims to lands disputed
with New Mexico• Slave trade in D.C. was banned, but slavery was legalSouth:• Popular
sovereignty in Mexican Cession lands• Texas was paid $10 million for land lost• A new,
tougher Fugitive Slave Law of 1850
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(Related) Compromise of 1850
Forestalled the Civil War by instating the Fugitive Slave Act , banning slave trade in DC,
admitting California as a free state, splitting up the Texas territory, and instating
popular sovereignty in the Mexican Cession
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(Related) Compromise of 1850
A series of agreements between North and South that temporarily dampened the slavery
controversy and led to a short-lived era of national good feelings
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Fugitive Slave Law
Enacted by Congress in 1793 and 1850, these laws provided for the return of escaped slaves
to their owners. The North was lax about enforcing the 1793 law, which irritated the South
to no end. The 1850 law was tougher and was aimed at eliminating the underground railroad.
https://quizlet.com/21625945/apush-terms-franklin-benjamin-fugitive-slave-act-flash-cards/
(Related) Fugitive slave law of 1850
came from the Compromise of 1850; paid federal commissioners were appointed and given
authority to issue warrants, gather, posses and force citizens to help catch runaway
slaves; the slaves could not testify inthier own behalf, "Man-Stealing Law". shocked
moderates into being antislaveryites
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Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854
Stephen A. Douglas - This Act set up Kansas and Nebraska as states. Each state would use
popular sovereignty to decide what to do about slavery. People who were proslavery and
antislavery moved to Kansas, but some antislavery settlers were against the Act. This began
guerrilla warfare.- Missouri Compromise forbid slavery, so it was repealed > made Free
Soilers mad and angers north
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(Related) Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
ended the peace established between the North and South by the Compromise of 1850. It was
proposed by Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois and repealed the Missouri Compromise. The act
enforced popular sovereignty upon the new territories but was opposed by Northern Democrats
and Whigs. It was passed, however, because President Pierce supported it. The purpose of
the bill was to facilitate the building of the transcontinental railroad on a central
route.
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(Related) Kansas-Nebraska Act
set forth in 1854, said that Kansas and Nebraska should come into the Union under popular
sovereignty. Senator Stephen A. Douglas introduced it, and it pushed the country even
closer the Civil War.
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(Related) Kansas-Nebraska Act
a compromise law in 1854 that suspended the Missouri Compromise and left it to voters in
Kansas and Nebraska to determine whether they would be slave or free states. the law
exacerbated sectional tensions when voters can to blows over the question of slavery in
Kansas. It was very controversial, supported by President Pierce and not supported by
Douglass
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Gadsden Purchase
the purchasing of land from Mexico that completed the continental United States It provided
the land needed to build the transcontinental railroad in 1853 for $10 million
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(Related) Gadsden Purchase
Purchasing of land from Mexico that completed the continental United States It provided the
land needed to build the transcontinental railroad.
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(Related) Gadsden Purchase
The Gadsden Purchase was the 1853 treaty in which the United States bought from Mexico
parts of what is now southern Arizona and southern New Mexico. Southerners wanted this land
in order to build southern transcontinental railroad. The heated debate over this issue in
the Senate demonstrates the prevalence of sectional disagreement.
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(Related) Gadsden Purchase
The Gadsden Purchase was the 1853 treaty in which the United States bought from Mexico
parts of what is now southern Arizona and southern New Mexico. Southerners wanted this land
in order to build southern transcontinental railroad, it also showed the American belief in
Manifest Destiny. The heated debate over this issue in the Senate demonstrates the
prevalence of sectional disagreement.
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(Related) gadsden purchase
The Gadsden Purchase was the 1853 treaty in which the United States bought from Mexico
parts of what is now southern Arizona and southern New Mexico. Southerners wanted this land
in order to build southern transcontinental railroad. The heated debate over this issue in
the Senate demonstrates the prevalence of sectional disagreement, manifest destiny
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Republican Party
began in the 1850s, dedicated to keeping slavery out of the territories, but they
championed a wider range of issues, including the further development of national roads,
more liberal land distribution in the West, and increased protective tariffs. Comprised of
Whigs, Northern Democrats, and Free-Soilers, in defiance to the Slave Powers
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(Related) Democratic-Republican Party
Led by Thomas Jefferson, believed people should have political power, favored strong STATE
governments, emphasized agriculture, strict interpretation of the Constitution, pro-French,
opposed National Bank
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(Related) National Republican Party
After the 1824 election, part of the Democratic - Republican party joined John Q. Adams,
Clay, and Daniel Webster to oppose Andrew Jackson. They favored nationalistic measures like
recharter of the Bank of the United States, high tariffs, and internal improvements at
national expense. They were supported mainly by Northwesterners and were not very
successful. They were conservatives alarmed by Jackson's radicalness; they joined with the
Whigs in the 1830's.
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(Related) Republican Party
political party formed in 1854 in response to the Kansas-Nebraska Act; it combined remnants
of Whig, Free Soil, and Know-Nothing Parties as well as disgruntled Democrats. Although not
abolitionist, it sought to block the spread of slavery in the territories. It also favored
tariffs, homesteads, and a transcontinental railroad.
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(Related) Republican Party (1854)
organized in 1854 by antislavery Whigs, Democrats, and Free Soilers in response to the
passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act; nominated John C. Frémont for president in 1856 and
Abraham Lincoln in 1860
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Commodore Matthew Perry
U.S. Navy Commodore who in 1853 presented the ultimatum that led Japan to open itself to
more normal relations with the world.
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Bleeding Kansas
A sequence of violent events involving abolitionists and pro-Slavery elements that took
place in KansasTerritory where new proslavery and antislavery constitutions competed.The
dispute further strained the relations of the North and South, making civil war imminent.
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(Related) Bleeding Kansas
Was a sequence of violent events involving Free-States and pro-slavery "Border Ruffians"
elementsmthat took place in Kansas Territory and the western frontier towns of the U.S.
state of Missouri between roughly 1854 and 1858 attempting to influence whether Kansas
would enter the Union as a free or slave state
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(Related) Bleeding Kansas
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A sequence of violent events involving abolitionists and pro-Slavery elements that took
place in KansasTerritory where new proslavery and antislavery constitutions competed.The
dispute further strained the relations of the North and South, making civil war imminent.
https://quizlet.com/863486/apush-civil-warreconstruction-flash-cards/
(Related) Bleeding Kansas
A sequence of violent events involving abolitionists and pro-Slavery elements that took
place in Kansas-Nebraska Territory. The dispute further strained the relations of the North
and South, making civil war imminent.
https://quizlet.com/863486/apush-civil-warreconstruction-flash-cards/
(Related) Bleeding Kansas
Kansas was being disputed for free or slave soil during 1854-1857, by popular sovereignty.
In 1857, there were enough free-soilers to overrule the slave-soilers. So many people were
feuding that disagreements eventually led to killing in Kansas between pro-slavery and
anti-slavery forces.
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(Related) 605. "Bleeding Kansas"
Also known as the Kansas Border War. Following the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, proslavery forces from Missouri, known as the Border Ruffians, crossed the border into Kansas
and terrorized and murdered antislavery settlers. Antislavery sympathizers from Kansas
carried out reprisal attacks, the most notorious of which was John Brown's 1856 attack on
the settlement at Pottawatomie Creek. The war continued for four years before the
antislavery forces won. The violence it generated helped percipitate the Civil War.
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John Brown
An abolitionist who attempted to lead a slave revolt by capturing Armories in southern
territory and giving weapons to slaves, was hung in Harpers Ferry after capturing an Armory
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(Related) John Brown
radical abolitionist from US who advocated and practiced armed insurrection as a mean to
abolishing slavery for good. He led the Pottawatomie creek massacre in 1856. Was trialed to
death and was hung. He also made a name of himself for the unsuccessful invasion at Harpers
Ferry Virginia.
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(Related) John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry
1859 was an attempt to start an armed slave revolt by seizing a United States Arsenal at
Harpers Ferry in Virginia in 1859. Brown's raid was defeated by a detachment of U.S.
Marines led by Col. Robert E. Lee. He originally asked Harriet Tubman and Frederick
Douglass to join him when he attacked the armory, but illness prevented Tubman from joining
him and Douglass believed his plan would fail and did not join him for that reason.
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(Related) John Brown
a radical abolitionist who saw himself as "God's instrument to destroy slavery"; murdered
five proslavery settlers living along Pottwatomie Creek (Pottawatomie Massacre); led failed
raids to trigger slave rebellion (Harper's Ferry)
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(Related) John Brown
John Brown was a militant abolitionist that took radical extremes to make his views clear.
In May of 1856, Brown led a group of his followers to Pottawattamie Creek and launched a
bloody attack against pro-slavery men killing five people. This began violent retaliation
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against Brown and his followers. This violent attack against slavery helped give Kansas its
nick name, "bleeding Kansas".
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(Related) 608. John Brown's Raid
In 1859, the militant abolitionist John Brown seized the U.S. arsenal at Harper's Ferry. He
planned to end slavery by massacring slave owners and freeing their slaves. He was captured
and executed.
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(Related) 621. John Brown, Harper's Ferry Raid
In 1859, the militant abolitionist John Brown seized the U.S. arsenal at Harper's Ferry. He
planned to end slavery by massacring slave owners and freeing their slaves. He was captured
and executed.
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Caning of Charles Sumner
May 22, 1856: Preston Brooks came into the Senate with his cane and started beating Charles
Sumner until he was unconscience. This was the first type of violence shown about
sectionalism
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Lecompton Constitution
The pro-slavery constitution suggested for Kansas' admission to the union. It was rejected.
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(Related) Lecompton Constitution
Proslavery plan of government.Settlers allowed to vote for or against slavery, but one of
the provisions would protect the owners of slaves.Free soilers boycott the polls.Proslavery
forces approve .President Buchanan asks Congress to accept Kansas proslavery
constitutionCongress rejects.
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(Related) Lecompton Constitution
pro-slavery constitution written for Kansas' admission to the union in opposition to the
anti-slavery Topeka Constitution; it was eventually rejected and Kansas became a free state
in 1861
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(Related) Lecompton Constitution
Pro-slave constitution that got voted in for Kansas after anti-slavery people boycotted the
election
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Panic of 1857
A notable sudden collapse in the economy caused by over speculation in railroads and lands,
false banking practices, and a break in the flow of European capital to American
investments as a result of the Crimean War. Since it did not effect the South as bad as the
North, they gained a sense of superiority.
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(Related) Panic of 1857
financial panic in the United States caused from the declining international economy and
overexpansion of the domestic economy. With the failure of the Ohio life insurance and
trust co. in New York and the overspecualtion in railroads and lands the panic fueled
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sectional tensions as northerners blamed it on the low tariff policies of the southern
dominated congress.
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(Related) Panic of 1857
The California gold rush increased inflation; speculation in land and railroads "ripped
economic fabric"; hit the North harder than South because the South had cotton as a staple
source of income; the North wanted free land from the government; drove Southerners closer
to a showdown; caused an increase in tariffs; gave Republicans an issue for the election of
1860.
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(Related) Panic of 1857
Caused by the inflation of California gold, overproduction of grain, and the overspeculation of railroads (failures of banks and businesses)
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(Related) Panic of 1857
An economic crash that arose due to the inflation caused by inpouring California gold. The
demands of the Crimean War over-stimulated grain growth and land speculation, and when the
collapse came over five thousand businesses failed. Northern farmers were hard-hit by the
panic, while the South basically went untouched. Also the panic created a clamor of higher
tariff rates.
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Election of 1860
Lincoln, the Republican candidate, won because the Democratic party was split over slavery.
As a result, the South no longer felt like it has a voice in politics and a number of
states seceded from the Union.
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(Related) Election of 1860
Republican - Abraham Lincoln. Democrat - Stephan A. Douglas, John C. Breckenridge.
Constitutional Union - John Bell. Issues were slavery in the territories (Lincoln opposed
adding any new slave states).
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(Related) Election of 1860
On this election hung the issue of peace or civil war. The Democrats met in Charleston,
with Douglas the leading candidate. However, delegates from the South walked out and the
entire body dissolved. The Democrats tried again in Baltimore, chiefly with delegates from
the North, and had a platform for popular sovereignty and against obstruction of the
Fugitive Slave Law by the states. Southern Democrats had a rival convention, also in
Baltimore, and selected John C. Breckenridge, whose platform favored the extension of
slavery into the territories and the annexation of Cuba. The Constitutional Union party
nominated John Bell of Tennessee. The Republicans nominated Abraham Lincoln because he had
fewer enemies than William Seward. Their platform had appeal for just about every important
non-southern group, with non-extension of slavery, a protective tariff, no abridgement of
rights, a Pacific railroad, and free homesteads from the public domain. Lincoln won, as a
sectional president and minority president, although Douglas did make an impressive
showing. This election was virtually two separate elections: one in the North, and one in
the South.
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Crittenden Compromise
The Crittenden Compromise of 1860 was an attempt proposed by Senator Crittenden to prevent
the Civil War. This compromise offered a Constitutional Amendment recognizing slavery in
the territories south of the 36º30' line, noninterference by Congress with existing
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slavery, and compensation to the owners of fugitive slaves - defeated by Republicans.
POLITICAL.
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(Related) Crittenden Compromise
1860 - attempt to prevent Civil War by Senator Crittenden - offered a Constitutional
amendment recognizing slavery in the territories south of the 36º30' line, noninterference
by Congress with existing slavery, and compensation to the owners of fugitive slaves defeated by Republicans
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(Related) Crittenden Compromise
The first of compromise proposals submitted in hopes to prevent a civil war. This one was
first submitted by Senator John J. Crittenden of Kentucky. This plan was a proposal to
reestablish the Missouri Compromise line and extend it westward to the Pacific coast.
Slavery would be prohibited north or the line and permitted south of the line. Southerners
in the Senate were willing to accept this plan, but the compromise would have required the
northerners to abandon their most fundamental position-that slavery should not be allowed
to expand- and so they rejected it.
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(Related) Crittenden Compromise
1860 - attempt to prevent Civil War by Senator Crittenden - offered a Constitutional
amendment recognizing slavery in the territories south of the 36º30' line, noninterference
by Congress with existing slavery, and compensation to the owners of fugitive slaves defeated by Republicans
https://quizlet.com/1856094/ap-ushistory-goal-3-flash-cards/
(Related) Crittenden Compromise
A plan proposed by Senator John J. Crittenden of Kentucky. A 2 part plan. 1). A
Constitutional amendment to protect slavery from federal interference in any state where it
already existed. 2). Westward extension of Missouri Compromise line (36'30"). Republicans
reject this due to the fear that slave-owners will try to seize Cuba.
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Confederate States of America
In February, 1861, delegates from the states that had seceded (Alabama, Florida, Georgia,
Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Texas) met and formed the Confederate States of
America, or CSA. State sovereignty and independence were stressed. Slavery was legalized
and the government was forbidden to pass protective tariffs. Jefferson Davis was named the
President of the CSA.
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(Related) Confederate States of America
Name adopted by the 11 Southern states that seceded from the Union and formed their own
country during the Civil War
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(Related) Confederate States of America
The confederation formed in 1861 by the Southern states after their secession from the
Union: South Carolina, Texas, Mississippi, Florida, Alabam, Georgia, Louisiana
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(Related) Confederate States of America
the confederation formed in 1861 by the Southern states after their secession form the
Union. (South Carolina, Texas, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana)
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630. South's advantages in the Civil War
Large land areas with long coasts, could afford to lose battles, and could export cotton
for money. They were fighting a defensive war and only needed to keep the North out of
their states to win. Also had the nation's best military leaders, and most of the existing
military equipment and supplies.
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(Related) 631. North's advantages in the Civil War
Larger numbers of troops, superior navy, better transportation, overwhelming financial and
industrial reserves to create munitions and supplies, which eventually outstripped the
South's initial material advantage.
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Confiscation acts
The First Confiscation Act was passed in August 1861. It said that slaves were "contrabands
of war" and thus the Union did not have to return them to their plantation owners. In July
1862, the Second Confiscation Act was passed freeing slaves of persons engaged in rebellion
against the U.S and empowered the president to use freed slaves in the Union Army.
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(Related) Confiscation Acts
Laws passed by the United States government during the Civil War with the intention of
freeing the slaves still held by the Confederate forces in the South. Union General
Benjamin Butler refused to return captured slaves to their Confederate owners, arguing that
they were "contraband of war."
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The Emancipation Proclamation
issued by Lincoln as a way to broaden the goals of the war and achieve a moral victory, but
through its principles it freed absolutely no slaves on the day it was given; changed the
purpose of the war and caused Europeans to withdraw from supporting south
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(Related) Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation was issued by Lincoln to free all of the slaves in the
Confederate states. The slaves in border states loyal to the Union, however, remained
enslaved. The Proclamation only applied to Confederate states in rebellion. It also led to
slave rebellions and slaves joining the Union army and increased sympathy from Europe.
POLITICAL.
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(Related) emancipation proclamation
Lincoln issued it and freed all the slaves in the Confederate states, but slaves in Border
States loyal to the Union remained enslaved. It only applied to states in rebellion
(Confederate states). It led to slaves rebelling and joining the Union army and increased
sympathy from Europe, after union non-fail in battle of antietam
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(Related) Emancipation Proclamation
-After victory of Antietam Lincoln announces on the first of 1863 all slaves in the
rebelling states would be free. AIM: injure confederacy, threaten its property, heighten
its dread, hurt its morale.
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(Related) Positives of the Emancipation Proclamation
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-Lincoln stole initiative from Radicals. -Issuing a military measure Lincoln pacified
Northern Conservatives. -Gained support of European Liberals. -Pushed border states towards
emancipation (Maryland/Missouri) -Increased slaves desire to go north as troops
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(Related) Negatives of the Emancipation Proclamation
-it had limited practicality because it applied to areas where union had no authority. exempted slaves states in the Union and parts of Confed. under union control
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(Related) Emancipation Proclamation
issued by Lincoln that freed the slaves in the Confederacy, but not in the Border states;
really didnt do anything because the slaves were out of Lincoln's jurisdiction
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Gettysburg Address
(1863)-Abraham Lincoln's oft-quoted speech, delivered at the dedication of the cemetery at
Gettysburg battlefield. In the address, Lincoln framed the war as a means to uphold the
values of liberty.
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(Related) Gettysburg Address
The Gettysburg address was given by Lincoln following the battle. The speech lasted two
minutes, and took place during the dedication of the cemetery at Gettysburg
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(Related) gettysburg address
speech by Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War at the dedication of a national
cemetery on the site of the Battle of Gettysburg, key ideas were liberty, equality, and
democratic ideas; purpose of war was to portect those ideas, honor dead, reaffirm
declaration of independence, redefined by the civil war as a 'new birth of freedom' that
would bring true equality to all citizens and that would also create a unified nation in
which states 'rights were no longer dominate', all men are created equal, purposes of civil
war
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radical republicans
wanted to democratize the South, establish public education, and ensure the rights or free
people; strongly promoted free blacks and black suffrage
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(Related) Radical Republicans
Congressional group that wished to punish the South for its secession from the Union;
pushed for measures that gave economic and political rights to newly freed blacks in the
South and that made it difficult for former Confederate states to rejoin the Union.
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(Related) Radical Republicans
Led by Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner. Wanted to disenfranchise large numbers of
Southern whites, protect black civil rights, confiscate the property of wealthy whites who
aided the confederacy, and distribute the land among the freedmen.
https://quizlet.com/863486/apush-civil-warreconstruction-flash-cards/
(Related) 656. Radical Republicans
After the Civil War, a group that believed the South should be harshly punished and thought
that Lincoln was sometimes too compassionate towards the South.
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homestead act
law passed by congress in may 1862 providing homesteads with 160 acres of free land in
exchange for improving the land within five years of the grant
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(Related) Homestead Act of 1862
Act that allowed a settler to acquire as much as 160 acres of land by living on it for 5
years, improving it, and paying a nominal fee of about $30 - instead of public land being
sold primarily for revenue, it was now being given away to encourage a rapid filling of
empty spaces and to provide a stimulus to the family farm, turned out to be a cruel hoax
because the land given to the settlers usually had terrible soil and the weather included
no precipitation, many farms were repo'd or failed until "dry farming" took root on the
plains , then wheat, then massive irrigation projects
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(Related) Homestead Act
Act of 1862 that permitted any citizen or prospective citizen to claim 160 acres of public
land and to purchase it for a small fee after living on it for five years.
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(Related) Homestead Act of 1862
This provided a settler with 160 acres of land if he promised to live on it and work it for
at least five years.
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(Related) Homestead Act
Passed in 1862, it gave 160 acres of public land to any settler who would farm the land for
five years. The settler would only have to pay a registration fee of $25.
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(Related) Homestead Act
This law, passed in 1862, stated that a settler could acquire up to 160 acres of land and
pay a minimal fee of $30.00 just for living on it for five years and settling it. A settler
could acquire it for only six months and pay $1.25 an acre. This was important because
previously land was being sold for profit and now it was basically being given away. About
half a million families took advantage of this offer. Unfortunately, it was often too good
to be true and the land was ravaged by drought and hard to cultivate.
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Morrill Tariff Act (1861)
Increased duties back up to 1846 levels to raise revenue for the Civil War.
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(Related) Morrill Tariff Act (Definition)
1861 During the Buchanan's presidency: Passage of the tariff was possible because
antiprotection Southerners had left Congress after secession. This act raised the tariff
rates to protect and encourage industry and the high wages of workers. This replaced the
low pro-South Tariff of 1857. It also helped in raising revenue for the Civil War.
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(Related) Morrill Tariff Act (Significance)
1860; Antiprotection Southerners had left Congress with the secession of southern states,
which allowed Congress to pass this Act. The Morrill Tariff Act superceded the low Tariff
of 1857 and increased duties by 5-10% (equal to the rates of the Walker Tariff of 1846). It
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raised revenue for the Civil War and protected manufacturers against internal taxes. This
Act identified with the Republican party because most Republicans were industrialists who
became rich from the benefits of the tariff. Two additional tariffs sponsored by Morrill,
each one higher, were passed during Abraham Lincoln's administration to raise urgently
needed revenue during the Civil War.
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(Related) Morrill Tariff Act (1861)
a tarriff which was higher than before. This was an example of how easy Congress could pass
new laws since the South were not readmitted yet.
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(Related) Morrill Tariff Act (1861)
raised tariff rates to increase revenue and protect American manufacturers; high protective
tarrifs to project industrialists
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(Related) Morrill Tariff Act
This was an act passed by Congress in 1861 to meet the cost of the war. It raised the taxes
on shipping from 5 to 10 percent however later needed to increase to meet the demanding
cost of the war. This was just one the new taxes being passed to meet the demanding costs
of the war. Although they were still low to today's standers they still raked in millions
of dollars.
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2. Greenbacks and the Greenback Party
was organized in 1876 to campaign for expansion of the supply of paper money—"greenbacks"—
first issued by the federal government in 1862 to help pay for the Civil War. The idea that
maintaining a flexible supply of paper money served the interests of working people,
whereas paper money backed by specie (hard money, like gold or silver) benefited only the
rich, had been advanced by Edward Kellogg as early as 1841.
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(Related) greenbacks
Name for Union paper money not backed by gold or silver. Value would fluctuate depending on
status of the war (plural)
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writ of habeas corpus
Petition requiring law enforcement officers to present detained individuals before the
court to examine the legality of the arrest. Protects individuals from arbitrary state
action. Suspended by Lincoln during the Civil War.
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(Related) Writ of Habeas Corpus
a court order that requires police to bring a prisoner to court to explain why they are
holding the person
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(Related) Writ of Habeas Corpus
A writ, or legal action, through which a prisoner can be released from unlawful detention.
The remedy can be sought by the prisoner or by another person coming to his aid. It
originated in the English legal system, but it is now available in many nations. It has
historically been an important legal instrument safeguarding individual freedom against
arbitrary state action.
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martial law
the body of law imposed by the military over civilian affairs (usually in time of war or
civil crisis)
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(Related) martial law
the imposition of military rule above or in place of civil authority during times of war
and emergency
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(Related) Martial Law
The imposition of military rule above or in place of civil authority during times of war
and emergency
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(Related) Martial Law
The imposition of military rule by military authorities over designated region(s) on an
emergency basis—and often, but not necessarily, only temporarily—when the civilian
government or civilian authorities fail to function effectively.
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13th Amendment
1865Abolition of slavery (involuntary servitude).Congress has the power to enforce this via
legislation.
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(Related) 13th Amendment
Abolishes slavery (or involuntary servitude), except as punishment for crimes for which the
person in question shall have been duly convicted. (1865)
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(Related) 13th Amendment
1865: Constitutional amendment prohibiting all forms of slavery and involuntary servitude.
Former Confederate States were required to ratify the amendment prior to gaining reentry
into the union. (489) (G) A Proclamation Without Emancipation - P4
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14th Amendment
1868Citizenship given to ex-slaves.Three-fifths clause abolished.Leading ex-Confederates
denied office.Ex-Confederates forced to repudiate their debts and pay pensions to their own
(CSA) veterans, plus taxes for the pensions of Union veterans. Congress has the power to
enforce this via legislation.
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(Related) 14th amendment
Citizenship, state due process, applies Bill of Rights to the states, revision to
apportionment of Representatives, Denies public office to anyone who has rebelled against
the United States
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(Related) 14th Amendment
1. Defines U.S. citizenship: all persons born or naturalized in the U.S. are citizens. 2.
Applies the Bill of Rights to the States by holding State governments accountable for
protecting rights guaranteed to U.S. citizens in the Constitution "No State shall [abridge]
the [rights] of citizens of the United States." Specifically applies the 5th Amendment to
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the States: "nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without
due process of law." 3. Equal protection of the laws must be granted by the States to all
people. 4. Abolishes 3/5ths compromise: representation now to be based on whole persons and
reduced accordingly if male persons over 21 are not allowed to vote, except for certain
specified reasons. (1868)
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15th amendment
prohibited denial of suffrage by states to any citizen on basis of race, color, or previous
servitude. enfranchised northern blacks who might vote republican
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(Related) 15th Amendment - (Political)
The 15th amendment quickly passed by Republicans that forbade either the federal government
or the states from denying citizens the right to vote on the basis of race, color, or
"previous conditions of servitude". Set up the foundation for future equal opportunity
laws.
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(Related) 15th amendment
Provided suffrage for African American males
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Presidential Reconstruction
A period after the civil war when Lincoln originallyset up the Ten-Percent Plan stating
that most Southerners could reinstatethemselves if 10 percent of the voters pledged an oath
of allegiance. After hisassassination, Johnson added that the states must revoke their
secession,accept the 13th Amendment, deny Confederate debt, and pledge loyalty to theUnion.
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(Related) Presidential Reconstruction
Andrew Johnson attempted to carry out Lincoln's plan for the political Reconstruction of
the 11 former states of the Confederacy
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(Related) presidential Reconstruction
The Reconstruction plans of Lincoln and Johnson who believed it was the executive's power
to rebuild the South. It was the first "round" of the Reconstruction, from 1863 to the
spring of 1866.
https://quizlet.com/65690089/apush-chapter-15-reconstruction-1863-1877-flash-cards/
(Related) Presidential reconstruction
Lincoln viewed the south as the disloyal minority who had not actually left the union
because it was not constitutional and both he and Johnson went about reconstruction in that
way. Goal was always reconstruction.
https://quizlet.com/65690089/apush-chapter-15-reconstruction-1863-1877-flash-cards/
Wade Davis Bill
A plan in 1864 for Reconstruction that denied the right to vote or hold office for anyone
who had fought for the Confederacy. Lincoln refused to sign this bill because he thought it
was too harsh.
https://quizlet.com/4161170/ap-us-history-chapter-22-vocabulary-flash-cards/
(Related) wade davis bill
1864 Proposed far more demanding and stringent terms for reconstruction; required 50% of
the voters of a state to take the loyalty oath and permitted only non-confederates to vote
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for a new state constitution; Lincoln refused to sign the bill, pocket vetoing it after
Congress adjourned.
https://quizlet.com/4161170/ap-us-history-chapter-22-vocabulary-flash-cards/
Black Codes
Put in place after the Civil War, the Codes haad the effect of limiting human rights and
civil liberties of Blacks. Southern States passed the Codes to control labor, migration,
and other activities of newly-freed Black Slaves. The Codes varied from state to state. The
Codes continued to assume the inferiority of freed slaves and secure cheap labor.
https://quizlet.com/1656754/ap-us-history-flash-cards/
(Related) Black Codes
(1866) passed by all Southern state legislatures, hindered the freedom of blacks, set of
regulations limited movement by blacks, prohibited interracial marriage, insisted that
blacks obtain special certificates to hold certain jobs
https://quizlet.com/1656754/ap-us-history-flash-cards/
(Related) Black Codes- (Political)
The Black Codes were laws passed by southern states after the Civil War denying ex-slaves
the complete civil rights enjoyed by whites and intended to force blacks back to
plantations and impoverished lifestyles.
https://quizlet.com/1656754/ap-us-history-flash-cards/
(Related) Black Codes
laws passed by southern state legislature under new constitutions subjecting former slaves
to special regulations and restrictions on t heir freedom
https://quizlet.com/1656754/ap-us-history-flash-cards/
(Related) Black Codes of 1865
require separation of races in public places, overturned by Civil Rights Act
https://quizlet.com/1656754/ap-us-history-flash-cards/
(Related) black codes
laws made in 1865-66 enacted by Southern state legislatures to give whites power over
blacks; these laws were overrideen by Congress when the powers of the Freedman's Bureau
were widened and when the First Civil Rights Act was passed in 1866 in defense of African
American rights.
https://quizlet.com/1656754/ap-us-history-flash-cards/
ku klux klan
major rebirth of the kkk in 1920s. (mainly b/c they were unhappy w/ the changing of
American culture.) the "new" klan was anti-.. foreign, catholic, black, jewish, pacifist,
cotlegger, gambling, communist, adultry, birth control, internationalist, and
evolutionist.in 1920s membership far surpessed that of the mid 1850s
https://quizlet.com/9824555/ch34-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) Ku Klux Klan - (Cultural)
The KKK was a group of mostly Southerners who were extremely racist against African
Americans, and disliked all other cultures and races. They originated in Tennessee in 1865.
General Forrest was in charge of this group. The members of this group dominated the
democratic party. They also released a campaign that terrified the republicans. The Ku Klux
Klan went around blackmailing many republican politicians and burned black schools and
churches.
https://quizlet.com/9824555/ch34-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) Ku Klux Klan
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A secret organization in the southern U.S., active for several years after the Civil War,
which aimed to suppress the newly acquired powers of blacks and to oppose carpetbaggers
from the North, and which was responsible for many lawless and violent proceedings.
https://quizlet.com/9824555/ch34-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) Ku Klux Klan
devoted to terrorizing and intimidating African Americans and their white Republican
allies. Beat and murdered freedpeople and intimidated voters and silenced political
activists
https://quizlet.com/9824555/ch34-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871
broke down its power temporarily in parts of former confederacy. No serious effort was made
to stop the KKK in the black belt
https://quizlet.com/9824555/ch34-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871
made violent infringement of civil and political rights a federal crime punishable by the
national govn't
https://quizlet.com/9824555/ch34-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) Ku Klux Klan
secret domestic militant organizations in the United States, originating in the southern
states and eventually having national scope, that are best known for advocating white
supremacy and acting as terrorists while hidden behind conical hats, masks and white robes.
The KKK has a record of terrorism,[2] violence, and lynching to intimidate, murder, and
oppress African Americans, Jews and other minorities and to intimidate and oppose Roman
Catholics and labor unions.
https://quizlet.com/9824555/ch34-apush-flash-cards/
Military Reconstruction Act (1867)
imposed martial law on the south; also called for new state constitutional conventions and
forced the states to allow blacks to vote for convention delegates. Also required each
state to ratify the 14th amendment
https://quizlet.com/9026687/apush-chapter-22-flash-cards/
(Related) Besides putting the South under the rule of federal soldiers, the Military
Reconstruction Act of 1867 required that
A. Southern states give blacks the vote as a condition of readmittance to the Union.
https://quizlet.com/9026687/apush-chapter-22-flash-cards/
(Related) Military Reconstruction Act of 1867
I. Congressional law that imposed military rule on the South and demanded harsh conditions
for readmission of the seceded states
https://quizlet.com/9026687/apush-chapter-22-flash-cards/
(Related) Military Reconstruction and the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments
F. Forced all the Southern states to establish governments that upheld black voting and
other civil rights
https://quizlet.com/9026687/apush-chapter-22-flash-cards/
(Related) Military Reconstruction Act
Response to that lack of ratification of the 14th Amendment.Divides South into 5 military
districts (except for Tennessee).Union general would be at the head of each district.In
order for the states to be readmitted, the state majority must swear allegiance to the
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Union and each Southern state must produce a new constitution in which they ratified the
14th amendment and gave black men voting rights.Marshall Law was implemented.
https://quizlet.com/9026687/apush-chapter-22-flash-cards/
(Related) Until demands of the Military Reconstruction Act were met...
Union generals would monitor the treatment of African Americans within their district and
the generals could take on judicial control.
https://quizlet.com/9026687/apush-chapter-22-flash-cards/
(Related) By 1876, all states were free of Military Reconstruction except...
South Carolina, Louisiana, and Florida
https://quizlet.com/9026687/apush-chapter-22-flash-cards/
(Related) Military Reconstruction act
the Congressional act of 1867 which swept away white state governments in the South and
replaced them with five military districts commanded by Union generals
https://quizlet.com/9026687/apush-chapter-22-flash-cards/
(Related) Military Reconstruction Act
the Congressional act of 1867 which swept away white state governments in the South and
replaced them with five military districts commanded by Union generals
https://quizlet.com/9026687/apush-chapter-22-flash-cards/
civil rights act of 1866
This act stated that all persons born in the United States, without regard to race or
color, were now citizens and shared the same basic rights.
https://quizlet.com/8666676/apush-unit-5-chapter-22-flash-cards/
(Related) civil rights act of 1866
This act stated that all persons born in the United States, without regard to race or
color, were now citizens and shared the same basic rights.
https://quizlet.com/8666676/apush-unit-5-chapter-22-flash-cards/
(Related) Civil Rights Act of 1866
An act declaring that everyone born in the U.S. is a citizen, regardless of race, color, or
previous condition of slavery
https://quizlet.com/8666676/apush-unit-5-chapter-22-flash-cards/
(Related) civil rights act of 1866
-vetoed by Johnson, passed by congress-The act declared that all persons born in the United
States were now citizens, without regard to race, color, or previous condition.-gave
African Americans citizenship and guaranteed them the same legal rights as white Americans
https://quizlet.com/8666676/apush-unit-5-chapter-22-flash-cards/
Civil Rights Act of 1875
passed legislation that guaranteed access to transportation and hotels for all blacks;
repealed blacks codes and removed restrictions on workers; prohibited racial discrimination
in jury selection; became a watered down bill that the Supreme Court eventually struck down
https://quizlet.com/3709490/apush-unit-6-vocab-1-32-flash-cards/
(Related) Civil Rights Act of 1875
Prohibited discrimination against blacks in public place, such as inns, amusement parks,
and on public transportation. Declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
https://quizlet.com/3709490/apush-unit-6-vocab-1-32-flash-cards/
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(Related) Civil Rights Act of 1875
was supposed to guarantee equal accommodations in public and prohibit discrimination in the
jury selection process. Much of it found to be unconstitutional in the Civil Rights Cases
(1883), which said that the 14th amendment only says that governments can't violate civil
rights, not that civil rights can't be denied by individuals.
https://quizlet.com/3709490/apush-unit-6-vocab-1-32-flash-cards/
(Related) Civil Rights Act of 1875
Prohibited discrimination against blacks in public place, such as inns, amusement parks,
and on public transportation. Declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
https://quizlet.com/3709490/apush-unit-6-vocab-1-32-flash-cards/
(Related) Civil Rights Act of 1875
This Act guaranteed that everyone, regardless of race, color, or previous condition of
servitude, was entitled to the same treatment in "public accommodations" (i.e. inns, public
conveyances on land or water, theaters, and other places of public amusement).
https://quizlet.com/3709490/apush-unit-6-vocab-1-32-flash-cards/
Crédit Mobilier scandal
RR construction - A Holding Company that over paid itself to do construction for the Union
Pacific on the first transcontinental RR - corruption in form of "kickbacks"
https://quizlet.com/3997480/apush-chapter-23-flash-cards/
Whiskey Ring (1874-5)
robbed the Treasury of millions in excise-tax revenues. The stiff excise taxes imposed
during the Civil War tempted manufacturers - in this case, distillers - to bribe revenue
agents to fudge their numbers & ignore the mis-measurement of bottled spirits
https://quizlet.com/1707423/ap-us-history-chapter-23-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Whiskey Ring
1874-1875; robbed the Treasury of millions in excise-tax revenues; President Grant said
"Let no guilty man escape" but then pardoned his guilty secretary
https://quizlet.com/1707423/ap-us-history-chapter-23-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Whiskey Ring Scandal
A group of officials cheated the Treasury out of millions of dollars through importing
whiskey and using their offices to avoid paying taxes on it.
https://quizlet.com/1707423/ap-us-history-chapter-23-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Whiskey Ring
In the United States, the Whiskey Ring was a scandal, exposed in 1875, involving diversion
of tax revenues in a conspiracy among government agents, politicians, whiskey distillers,
and distributors. Uncovered in Grant's Administration
https://quizlet.com/1707423/ap-us-history-chapter-23-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Whiskey Ring
a group of officials were importing whiskey and using their offices to avoid paying the
taxes on it, cheating the treasury out of millions of dollars.
https://quizlet.com/1707423/ap-us-history-chapter-23-vocab-flash-cards/
Pacific Railroad Act
Called for the building of the Transcontinental Railroad to stretch across America
connecting California and the rest of America.
https://quizlet.com/18641351/apush-chapter-20-flash-cards/
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(Related) Pacific Railroad Act
Called for the building of the Transcontinental Railroad to stretch across America
connecting California and the rest of America.
https://quizlet.com/18641351/apush-chapter-20-flash-cards/
(Related) Pacific Railroad Act
an act to aid in the construction of a railroad and telegraph line from the Missouri river
to the Pacific ocean, and to secure to the government the use of the same for postal,
military, and other purposes
https://quizlet.com/18641351/apush-chapter-20-flash-cards/
Cornelius Vanderbilt
The railroad owner who built a railway connecting Chicago and New York. He popularized the
use of steel rails in his railroad, which made railroads safer and more economical. This
man was one of the few railroad owners to be just and not considered a "Robber Barron"
https://quizlet.com/21233610/apush-ch-20-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) "Commodore" Cornelius Vanderbilt
He founded Vanderbilt University in Tenn. He was a big man with little education but he
established a shipping-land transit across Nicaragua after the gold rush. He built a
railway that connected New York to Chicago in 1873. He offered superior service at low
rates and was extremely successful.
https://quizlet.com/21233610/apush-ch-20-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Cornelius Vanderbilt
A man who used his profits from the steamboat business to merge local railroads into the NY
Central RR.
https://quizlet.com/21233610/apush-ch-20-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Cornelius Vanderbilt
created a railroad empire worth millions by crushing competitors and ignoring protests from
the public. by the time of his death in 1877, his companies controlled 4,500 miles of track
and linked New York City to the Great Lake Region- son continued the empire
https://quizlet.com/21233610/apush-ch-20-vocab-flash-cards/
"stock watering"
used in order to increase the weight of cows. Forced a cow to bloat itself with water
before it was weighed for sale. It enabled railroad stock promoters to inflate their claims
about a given line's assets and profitability and sell stocks and bonds in excess of the
railroad's actual value
https://quizlet.com/19138344/apush-ch-24-flash-cards/
(Related) Stock watering
Originally referring to cattle, term for the practice of railroad promoters exaggerationg
the profitability of stocks in excess of its actual value
https://quizlet.com/19138344/apush-ch-24-flash-cards/
(Related) Stock Watering
railroad stock promoters grossly inflated their claims about a given line's assets and
profitability and sold stocks and bonds far in excess of the railroad's actual value.
https://quizlet.com/19138344/apush-ch-24-flash-cards/
(Related) "stock watering"
Price manipulation by strategic stock brokers of the late 1800s. The term for selling more
stock than they actually owned in order to lower prices, then buying it back.
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https://quizlet.com/19138344/apush-ch-24-flash-cards/
"Jubilee Jim" Fisk and Jay Gould
devised a plot to drastically raise the price of the gold market in 1869. On "Black
Friday," September 24, 1869, the two bought a large amount of gold, planning to sell it for
a profit. In order to lower the high price of gold, the Treasury was forced to sell gold
from its reserves.
https://quizlet.com/1658388/apush-ch23-flash-cards/
(Related) Jay Gould
Often regarded as the most unethical of the Robber Barons, he was involved with Tammany
Hall and Boss Tweed early in his career. After damaging his reputation in a gold
speculation that instigated the panic of Black Friday in 1869, he went on to gain control
of western railroads and by 1882 had controlling interest in 15% of the country's tracks.
Although mistrusted by many of his contemporaries, he was recognized as a skilled
businessman.
https://quizlet.com/1658388/apush-ch23-flash-cards/
(Related) Jay Gould
made millions of dollars by embezzling stocks from several railroad companies
https://quizlet.com/1658388/apush-ch23-flash-cards/
(Related) Jay Gould
United States financier who gained control of the Erie Canal and who caused a financial
panic in 1869 when he attempted to corner the gold market (1836-1892), sold fake stocks to
try to put NY railroads out of business
https://quizlet.com/1658388/apush-ch23-flash-cards/
(Related) Jay Gould
railroad entrepreneur of the union pacific railroad company; obtained generous land and
subsidies from federal, state, and local governments & sold bonds and stocks to the public
to finance the expensive construction of the railroad; thought by many to have manipulated
stock markets for his own benefit.
https://quizlet.com/1658388/apush-ch23-flash-cards/
Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railroad Company v. Illinois
1886 - A Supreme Court decision that prohibited states from regulating the railroads
because the Constitution grants Congress the power to regulate interstate commerce. As a
result, reformers turned their attention to the federal government, which now held sole
power to regulate the railroad industry
https://quizlet.com/114223540/apush-chapter-24-flash-cards/
(Related) Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railroad Company v. Illinois (1886)
A Supreme Court decision that prohibited states from regulating the railroads because the
Constitution grants Congress the power to regulate interstate commerce. As a result,
reformers turned their attention to the federal government, which now held sole power to
regulate the railroad industry.
https://quizlet.com/114223540/apush-chapter-24-flash-cards/
(Related) Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railroad Company v. Illinois (1886)
A Supreme Court decision that prohibited states from regulating the railroads because the
Constitution grants Congress the power to regulate interstate commerce. As a result,
reformers turned their attention to the federal government, which now held sole power to
regulate the railroad industry
https://quizlet.com/114223540/apush-chapter-24-flash-cards/
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(Related) Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railroad Company v. Illinois
1886 - Stated that individual states could control trade in their states, but could not
regulate railroads coming through them. Congress had exclusive jurisdiction over interstate
commerce.
https://quizlet.com/114223540/apush-chapter-24-flash-cards/
Interstate Commerce Act (1887)
Congressional legislation that established the Interstate Commerce Commission, compelled
railroads to publish standard rates, and prohibited rebates and pools. Railroads quickly
became adept at using the Act to achieve their own ends, but the Act gave the government an
important means to regulate big business.
https://quizlet.com/67948657/apush-chapter-19-flash-cards/
(Related) Interstate Commerce Act
-established the federal government's right to oversee railroad activities-required
railroads to public their rate schedules and file them with the government
https://quizlet.com/67948657/apush-chapter-19-flash-cards/
(Related) Interstate Commerce Act
The United States Interstate Commerce Act of 1887, signed into law by President Grover
Cleveland, created the Interstate Commerce Commission. The members of the commission were
appointed by the President with the consent of the Senate. This was the first of the socalled Fourth Branch agencies. Its aim was to regulate surface transportation (initially
railroads, later trucking), to ensure fair prices and regulate other aspects of the conduct
of common carriers
https://quizlet.com/67948657/apush-chapter-19-flash-cards/
(Related) Interstate Commerce Act
Established the ICC (Interstate Commerce Commission) - monitors the business operation of
carriers transporting goods and people between states - created to regulate railroad prices
https://quizlet.com/67948657/apush-chapter-19-flash-cards/
(Related) Interstate Commerce Act
Interstate Commerce Act, 1887Passed under public pressure to regulate railroads. The act
established a five-member Interstate Commerce Commission to carry out this duty. The law
was largely ineffective because it had to rely on the courts to enforce its rulings and
pro-business courts interpreted it in a very limited sense.
https://quizlet.com/67948657/apush-chapter-19-flash-cards/
Andrew Carnegie
A Scottish-born American industrialist and philanthropist who founded the Carnegie Steel
Company in 1892. By 1901, his company dominated the American steel industry.
https://quizlet.com/4416207/apush-20-22-24-flash-cards/
(Related) Andrew Carnegie
He was a steel magnate who believed that the general public benefitted from big business
even if these companies employed harsh business practices. His philosophy influenced alot
of Americans. After retiring he did alot of good stuff.
https://quizlet.com/4416207/apush-20-22-24-flash-cards/
(Related) Andrew Carnegie
Scottish-born industrialist who developed the U.S. steel industry; his is a rags-to-riches
story as he made a fortune in business and sold his holdings in 1901 for $447 million. He
spent the rest of his life giving away $350 million to worthy cultural and educational
causes.
https://quizlet.com/4416207/apush-20-22-24-flash-cards/
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vertical integration
practice in which a single manufacturer controls all of the steps used to change raw
materials into finished products
https://quizlet.com/66589587/apush-chapter-17-flash-cards/
(Related) Vertical Integration
A single company owns and controls the entire process from raw materials to the maufacture
and sale of the finished product
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(Related) Vertical Integration
It was pioneered by tycoon Andrew Carnegie. It is when you combine into one organization
all phases of manufacturing from mining to marketing. This makes supplies more reliable and
improved efficiency. It controlled the quality of the product at all stages of production.
https://quizlet.com/66589587/apush-chapter-17-flash-cards/
(Related) vertical integration
was pioneered by tycoon Andrew Carnegie. It is when you combine into one organization all
phases of manufacturing from mining to marketing. This makes supplies more reliable and
improved efficiency. It controlled the quality of the product at all stages of production.
https://quizlet.com/66589587/apush-chapter-17-flash-cards/
(Related) Horizontal and Vertical Integration
Horizontal-the combining of a number of firms engaged in the same enterprise into a single
corporation; like a mergerVertical-taking over of all the different businesses on which a
company relied for its primary function
https://quizlet.com/66589587/apush-chapter-17-flash-cards/
Standard Oil Company
John D. Rockefeller's company, formed in 1870, which came to symbolize the trusts and
monopolies of the Gilded Age. By 1877 this company controlled 95% of the oil refineries in
the US. It was also one of the first multinational corporations, and at times distributed
more than half of the company's kerosene production outside the US. By the turn of the
century it had become a target for trust-busting reformers, and in 1911 the Supreme Court
ordered it to break up into several dozen smaller companies
https://quizlet.com/9461968/apush-ch-29-voc-flash-cards/
(Related) standard Oil trust
Rockefeller's company, in 1881, owned 90 percent of the oil refinery business, with a board
of trustees at the head
https://quizlet.com/9461968/apush-ch-29-voc-flash-cards/
(Related) Standard Oil Company
Rockefeller's first and most famous trust company
https://quizlet.com/9461968/apush-ch-29-voc-flash-cards/
(Related) Standard Oil Company
John D. Rockefeller organized Standard Oil in Cleveland in 1870. Through ruthless
competition and superb organization, the Standard Oil Trust controlled 90 percent of oil
refining in the United States by 1879.
https://quizlet.com/9461968/apush-ch-29-voc-flash-cards/
Horizontal Integration
A technique used by John D. Rockefeller. Horizontal integration is an act of joining or
consolidating with ones competitors to create a monopoly. Rockefeller was excellent with
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using this technique to monopolize certain markets. It is responsible for the majority of
his wealth.
https://quizlet.com/9256077/apush-chapter-18-terms-flash-cards/
(Related) horizontal integration
A technique used by John D. Rockefeller. Horizontal integration is an act of joining or
consolidating with ones competitors to create a monopoly. Rockefeller was excellent with
using this technique to monopolize certain markets. It is responsible for the majority of
his wealth.
https://quizlet.com/9256077/apush-chapter-18-terms-flash-cards/
(Related) Horizontal Integration
The combining of many firms engaged in the same type of business into one large corporation
https://quizlet.com/9256077/apush-chapter-18-terms-flash-cards/
(Related) horizontal integration
A technique used by John D. Rockefeller. An act of joining or consolidating with ones
competitors to create a monopoly. Rockefeller was excellent with using this technique to
monopolize certain markets. It is responsible for the majority of his wealth.
https://quizlet.com/9256077/apush-chapter-18-terms-flash-cards/
J.P. Morgan
Business man -refinanced railroads during depression of 1893 - built intersystem alliance
by buying stock in competeing railroads - marketed US governemnt securities on large scale
https://quizlet.com/9529667/apush-chapter-17-flash-cards/
Sherman Antitrust Act
Opposed to large corporations that control or limit business activities, but failed due to
court interpretation; passed in 1890; sought to promote economic competition
https://quizlet.com/42868603/apush-chapter-21-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)
An act passed in 1890 which prohibited any "contract, combination, in the form of trust or
otherwise, or conspiracy in restraint of trade or commerce."
https://quizlet.com/42868603/apush-chapter-21-vocab-flash-cards/
"scabs"/strikebreakers
People who are hired to work in factories when the other workers were on strike (this makes
you look like a trader)
https://quizlet.com/7276938/apush-ch-14-vocab-and-id-terms-flash-cards/
(Related) Scabs
Stirkebreakers hired by employers as replacement workers when unions went on strike
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(Related) "Scabs"
Stirkebreakers hired by employers as replacement workers when unions went on strike
https://quizlet.com/7276938/apush-ch-14-vocab-and-id-terms-flash-cards/
(Related) "Scabs"
Strikebreakers hired by employers as replacement workers when unions went on strike
https://quizlet.com/7276938/apush-ch-14-vocab-and-id-terms-flash-cards/
Yellow Dog Contracts- (Economic)
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A written contract between employers and employees in which the employees sign an agreement
that they will not join a union while working for the company. This allowed big businesses
to maintain low working wages and poor conditions.
https://quizlet.com/4078552/apush-ch-17-terms-flash-cards/
(Related) Yellow Dog Contracts
contracts employees signed, giving them low wages and conditions like not joining unions
https://quizlet.com/4078552/apush-ch-17-terms-flash-cards/
Knights of Labor
one of the first labor unions which won a number of strikes for the eight-hour work day,
but then became involved in a number of May Day strikes, such as the Haymarket square riot,
which weakened it
https://quizlet.com/42868068/labor-and-labor-unions-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) The Knights of Labor
This group, which peaked membership in 1886, grew rapidly because of a combination of their
open-membership policy, the continuing industrialization of the American economy, and the
growth of urban population;welcomed unskilled and semiskilled workers, including women,
immigratns, and African Americans;were idealists who believed they could eliminate conflict
between labor and managements. Their goal was to create a cooperative society in which
laborers owned the industries in which they worked.
https://quizlet.com/42868068/labor-and-labor-unions-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) Knights of Labor
Founded by Philadelphia garment cutters in 1869, largest labor organization in 19th
century. Goal was bringing together wage earners, regardless of skill; variety of reform
measures to offset power of industrialists.
https://quizlet.com/42868068/labor-and-labor-unions-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) Reform demands of Knights of Labor
Restriction of child labor, graduated income tax, land set aside for homesteading,
abolition of contract labor, monetary reform.
https://quizlet.com/42868068/labor-and-labor-unions-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) Knights of Labor
The Knights of Labor were founded in 1869 as a secret society of garnet workers in
Philadelphia, but emerged as a national movement by 1878. They believed that fraternity was
harnessed to labor reform, and intended to set up factories and shops that would lead to a
cooperative commonwealth. However, they ended up devoting themselves to education.
ECONOMIC.
https://quizlet.com/42868068/labor-and-labor-unions-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) knights of labor 1869
First a secret society under Terrence V. Powderly to avoid detection by employers, but went
public in 1881 for all workers even African Americans and women. Goals: Abolition of child
labor and trusts and monopolies and "make each man his own employer." Declined after
Haymarket Square Riot.
https://quizlet.com/42868068/labor-and-labor-unions-apush-flash-cards/
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) or Wobblies
This radical union aimed to unite the American working class into one union to promote
labor's interests. It worked to organize unskilled and foreign-born laborers, advocated
social revolution and led several major strikes. Stressed solidarity.
https://quizlet.com/9810413/apush-chapter-21-terms-flash-cards/
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(Related) The Industrial Workers of the World
Led by "Mother" Jones, Elizabeth Flynn, Big Bill Haywood, and Eugene Debs;strove to unite
all laborers, including unskilled workers and African Americans;its goal was to create "One
Big Union;"embraced the rhetoric of class conflict and endorsed violent tactics;the
organization collapsed during WWI.
https://quizlet.com/9810413/apush-chapter-21-terms-flash-cards/
(Related) IWW (Industrial Workers of the World)
A labor union for industrial laborers, this group performed many acts of industrial
sabotage in pursuit of its goals. Openly opposed the Great War.
https://quizlet.com/9810413/apush-chapter-21-terms-flash-cards/
(Related) IWW-Industrial Workers of the World
international union. At its peak in 1923, the organization claimed some 100,000 members in
good standing and could marshal the support of perhaps 300,000 workers. Its membership
declined dramatically after a1924 split brought on by internal conflict. Membership does
not require that one work in a represented workplace, nor does it exclude membership in
another labor union. It contends that all workers should be united as a class and that the
wage system should be abolished.They are known for the Wobbly Shop model of workplace
democracy, in which workers elect their managers and other norms of grassroots democracy
(self-management) are implemented.
https://quizlet.com/9810413/apush-chapter-21-terms-flash-cards/
(Related) Industrial Workers of the World
Founded in 1905, this radical union, also known as the Wobblies aimed to unite the American
working class into one union to promote labor's interests. It worked to organize unskilled
and foreign-born laborers, advocated social revolution, and led several major strikes.
https://quizlet.com/9810413/apush-chapter-21-terms-flash-cards/
American Federation of Labor
Samuel Gompers, a union for skilled laborers that fought for worker rights in a non-violent
way. It provided skilled laborers with a union that was unified, large, and strong.
https://quizlet.com/66178366/apush-24-flash-cards/
(Related) American Federation of Labor (AFL)
The American Federation of Labor was a union of skilled laborers formed by Samuel Gompers
in 1866. The AFL quickly became one of the most powerful unions in the United States. They
achieved success by avoiding larger political questions in favor of "bread and butter
issues" such as shorter workdays and higher wages for union members. It merged with its
rival, the Confederation of Industrial Organizations in 1955 to form AFL-CIO. ECONOMIC.
https://quizlet.com/66178366/apush-24-flash-cards/
(Related) The American Federation of Labor
Led by Samuel Gompers;an alliance of skilled workers in craft unions;concentrated on breaand-butter issues such as higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions.
https://quizlet.com/66178366/apush-24-flash-cards/
(Related) American Federation of Labor (AFL)
Union formed in 1886 that organized skilled workers along craft lines and emphasized a few
workplace issues rather than a broad social program; accepted wage system unlike Knights of
Labor.
https://quizlet.com/66178366/apush-24-flash-cards/
Jane Addams
1860-1935. Founder of Settlement House Movement. First American Woman to earn Nobel Peace
Prize in 1931 as president of Women's Intenational League for Peace and Freedom. HULL HOUSE
https://quizlet.com/4071437/apush-chapter-25-flash-cards/
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(Related) Jane Addams
a middle-class woman dedicated to uplifting the urban masses; college educated (one of
first generation); established the Hull House in Chicago in 1889 (most prominent American
settlement house, mostly for immigrants); condemned war and poverty; won the Nobel Peace
Prize in 1931
https://quizlet.com/4071437/apush-chapter-25-flash-cards/
(Related) Jane Addams/Hull House (Cultural)
Jane Addams was middle class woman. The Hull House is a settlement house that she installed
in a ghetto of Chicago. The house inspired many other like settlements across the country,
while Addams spent her lifetime battling for garbage removal, playgrounds, better street
lighting, and police protection.
https://quizlet.com/4071437/apush-chapter-25-flash-cards/
(Related) Jane Addams
had a college education; used her talents to teach and do volunteer work, Hull house
(American settlement home); condemned war and poverty; won Nobel Peace Prize in 1931
https://quizlet.com/4071437/apush-chapter-25-flash-cards/
Americanization
immigrants getting rid of their foreign habitsassimilating into American culture
https://quizlet.com/81057163/apush-period-6-terms-flash-cards/
(Related) Americanization Movement
A movement designed to assimilate people of wide ranging cultures into the dominate
culture. This social movement was sponsored by the government and concerned citizens.
Schools and voluntary associations taught immigrants skills need for citizenship, such as
English literacy and American history and government. Courses were also taught in cooking
and social etiquette to help learn the ways or native born Americans. Despite these
efforts, many immigrants did not wish to abandon their traditions.
https://quizlet.com/81057163/apush-period-6-terms-flash-cards/
What role did political machines play in city gov?
City machines gave jobs, securing support, in return for being in control over you. This
was extremely common making the city gov accomodate these ideas. This had faults in the bad
ways people were treAted with no consequence.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apush-vocab-chapter-23-725660
(Related) Do you think political machines served the goals of rep of democracy?
No because people were treated poorly, police did not do anything, few people had too much
power
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apush-vocab-chapter-23-725660
(Related) What factors limited the effectiveness of political machines in government? How
did reformers try to adress these limits? Did they succeed?
Muckrakers had exposedIndustrial corruption and the terrible things it caused for poor
peopleand caused the downfall of PM. Reformers began providing the things PM did as well as
expirimenting with the government.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apush-vocab-chapter-23-725660
(Related) What were the limitations and achievements of urban gov that were run by ethnic
political machines?
Achievements: putting ppl to work by creating jobs, creating smoothly functioning city
services, and addressing public health and disease protectionLimitations: mass corruption,
graft, manipulation of elections, abandonment of blacks
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http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apush-vocab-chapter-23-725660
(Related) Political Machines - §
political entities controlled by a boss that wielded enormous influence over the government
of urban cities.§ Very corrupt, controlled tax rates, gave tax breaks to their allies and
controlled prices and business, etc.§ Stole millions from taxpayers using fraud and
overinflation§ Did minor philanthropy to boost their public image§ Gave money to support
businesses, immigrants, and the poor in return for their votes.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apush-vocab-chapter-23-725660
(Related) Political machines
Corrupt organized groups that controlled political parties in the cities. A boss leads the
machine and attempts to grab more votes for his party.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apush-vocab-chapter-23-725660
Patronage
This is the is the support, encouragement, privilege, or financial aid that an organization
or individual bestows to another. Party bosses and their party members operated on this
type of system.
https://quizlet.com/8427139/ap-us-history-gilded-age-flash-cards/
(Related) Patronage
(politics) granting favors or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return
for political support
https://quizlet.com/8427139/ap-us-history-gilded-age-flash-cards/
(Related) patronage
a system in which benefits, including jobs, money, or protection are granted in exchange
for political support. (not a good system of government- this was something that was fought
by the English Whigs)
https://quizlet.com/8427139/ap-us-history-gilded-age-flash-cards/
(Related) patronage
(politics) granting favors or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return
for political support
https://quizlet.com/8427139/ap-us-history-gilded-age-flash-cards/
Chinese Exclusion Act
(1882) Denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country while allowing students
and merchants to immigrate. American workers felt threatened by the job competition.
https://quizlet.com/4002695/apush-terms-chapter-17-18-flash-cards/
(Related) Chinese Exclusion Act
1882, halted Chinese immigration to America; Started when people of the West Coast
attributed declining wages and economic troubles to the hated Chinese workers; In order to
appease them Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act
https://quizlet.com/4002695/apush-terms-chapter-17-18-flash-cards/
(Related) Chinese Exclusion Act
(1882) Denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country while allowing students
and merchants to immigrate.
https://quizlet.com/4002695/apush-terms-chapter-17-18-flash-cards/
(Related) Chinese Exclusion Act 1882
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Outlawed Chinese immigration for 10 years and explicitly denied naturalization rights to
Chinese in the U.S. (not allowed to become U.S. citizens) Signed into law by Chester B.
Arthur. The first time a particular ethnic group was restricted from immigration / [was
extended numerous times]. Enacted in part to protect jobs for whites because Chinese were
willing to work for much lower wages. Supported by labor unions. Chinese originally
immigrated during the Gold Rush and to build railroads. Chinese were finally allowed
citizenship in 1943. Gave rise to human smuggling. San Francisco's City Hall was destroyed
in the earthquake and fire of 1906, and many Chinese used the lack of records to claim
lineage to legal residents.Cartoon caption reads: We must draw the line somewhere you know.
https://quizlet.com/4002695/apush-terms-chapter-17-18-flash-cards/
(Related) Chinese Exclusion Act
The 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act excluded Chinese immigrant workers for ten years and denied
U.S. citizenship to Chinese nationals living in the United States.
https://quizlet.com/4002695/apush-terms-chapter-17-18-flash-cards/
Gilded Age
1869-1896; name given by Mark Twain; known for corruption
https://quizlet.com/4250047/ap-us-history-gilded-age-flash-cards/
(Related) Gilded Age
A name for the late 1800s, coined by Mark Twain (sarcastically because of the corruption)
to describe the tremendous increase in wealth caused by the industrial age and the
ostentatious lifestyles it allowed the very rich. The great industrial success of the U.S.
and the fabulous lifestyles of the wealthy hid the many social problems of the time,
including a high poverty rate, a high crime rate, and corruption in the government.
https://quizlet.com/4250047/ap-us-history-gilded-age-flash-cards/
(Related) Gilded Age
The time of economic growth, the second industrial revolution, urbanization, immigration,
and political/economic corruption. it included the era of forgotten presidents (hayes,
garfield, arthur, and harrison) Congress and Business were more important and influential
than the presidency during this time. it was the most highly competetive political time in
US history.
https://quizlet.com/4250047/ap-us-history-gilded-age-flash-cards/
(Related) The Gilded Age
A term coined by Mark Twain. Although this age seemed golden, it was clear that underneath
it all was so much corruption, that it was only gilded.
https://quizlet.com/4250047/ap-us-history-gilded-age-flash-cards/
Social Darwinism
The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle.
https://quizlet.com/9003319/apush-vocabulary-chapter-24-flash-cards/
(Related) Social Darwinism
Applied Darwin's theory of natural selection and "survival of the fittest" to human society
-- the poor are poor because they are not as fit to survive. Used as an argument against
social reforms to help the poor., A social application of Charles Darwin's biological
theory of evolution by natural selection, this late-nineteenth century theory encouraged
the notion of human competitio and opposed intervention in the natural human order. Social
Darwinists justified the increasing inequality of late-nineteeth-century industrial
American society as natural.
https://quizlet.com/9003319/apush-vocabulary-chapter-24-flash-cards/
(Related) Social Darwinism
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The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion
https://quizlet.com/9003319/apush-vocabulary-chapter-24-flash-cards/
(Related) Social Darwinism
This was a belief held by many that stated that the rich were rich and the poor were poor
due to natural selection in society. This was the basis of many people who promoted a
laissez fairee style of economy.
https://quizlet.com/9003319/apush-vocabulary-chapter-24-flash-cards/
(Related) Social Darwinism
The idea that Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection and survival of the fittest
should be applied to the marketplace.
https://quizlet.com/9003319/apush-vocabulary-chapter-24-flash-cards/
John Dewey
Theory:"Learning through Experience" Dewey is considered the "father" of progressive
education practice that promotes individuality, free activity, and learning through
experiences, such as project-based learning, cooperative learning, and arts integration
activities. He theorized that school is primarily a social institution and a process of
living, not an institution to prepare for future living. He believed that schools should
teach children to be problem-solvers by helping them learn to think as opposed to helping
them learn only the content of a lesson. He also believed that students should be active
decision-makers in their education. Dewey advanced the notion that teachers have rights and
must have more academic autonomy.
https://quizlet.com/8460941/chapter-31-vocab-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) John Dewey
American philosopher and educator, he led the philosophical movement called Pragmatism.
Influenced by evolution, he believed that only reason and knowledge could be used to solve
problems. Wanted educational reforms.
https://quizlet.com/8460941/chapter-31-vocab-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) John Dewey
He was a philosopher who believed in "learning by doing" which formed the foundation of
progressive education. He believed that the teachers' goal should be "education for life
and that the workbench is just as important as the blackboard."
https://quizlet.com/8460941/chapter-31-vocab-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) John Dewey
He was a philosopher who believed in "learning by doing" which formed the foundation of
progressive education. He believed that the teachers' goal should be "education for life
and that the workbench is just as important as the blackboard."
https://quizlet.com/8460941/chapter-31-vocab-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) John Dewey
Father of progressive education, was a philosopher who believed in "learning by doing"
which formed the foundation of progressive education.
https://quizlet.com/8460941/chapter-31-vocab-apush-flash-cards/
Booker T. Washington
Prominent black American, born into slavery, who believed that racism would end once blacks
acquired useful labor skills and proved their economic value to society, was head of the
Tuskegee Institute in 1881.Avoided issue of social equality. Was fine with segregation
https://quizlet.com/1775166/apush-ch-20-flash-cards/
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(Related) Booker T. Washington
former slave who promoted industrial education and economic opportunity but not social
equality for blacks
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(Related) Booker T. Washington
A former slave. Encouraged blacks to keep to themselves and focus on the daily tasks of
survival, rather than leading a grand uprising. Believed that building a strong economic
base was more critical at that time than planning an uprising or fighting for equal rights.
Washington also stated in his famous "Atlanta Compromise" speech in 1895 that blacks had to
accept segregation in the short term as they focused on economic gain to achieve political
equality in the future. Served as important role models for later leaders of the civil
rights movement.
https://quizlet.com/1775166/apush-ch-20-flash-cards/
(Related) Booker T. Washington
felt that african americans should accept segregation and the best way to overcome it is to
improve yourself. He was very powerful and influential to both southern whites and blacks.
He founded the Tusegee Institute and naacp
https://quizlet.com/1775166/apush-ch-20-flash-cards/
(Related) Booker T. Washington
An ex-slave founded the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama in 1881. He stressed patience, manual
training and hard work for blacks. Made the Atlanta Compromise speech.
https://quizlet.com/1775166/apush-ch-20-flash-cards/
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
established on Lincoln's birthday in 1908, this organization's mission was no less than to
abolish all forms of segregation and to increase educational opportunities for AfricanAmerican children.
https://quizlet.com/784965/apush-chapter-21-flash-cards/
(Related) National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Founded in 1909 to improve living conditions for inner city Blacks, evolved into a national
organization dedicated to establishing equal legal rights for Blacks.
https://quizlet.com/784965/apush-chapter-21-flash-cards/
(Related) National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
Founded on Lincoln's birthday in 1908 by members of the Niagara Movement and a group of
white progressives to end all forms of discrimination and increase educational
opportunities for black children. With 100,00 members in 1920, it became the nation's
largest civil rights organization.
https://quizlet.com/784965/apush-chapter-21-flash-cards/
Ida B. Wells
the lynching of blacks outraged her, an african american journalist. in her newspaper, free
speech, wells urged african americans to protest the lynchings. she called for a boycott of
segregated street cars and white owned stores. she spoke out despite threats to her life.
https://quizlet.com/195959081/apush-ida-b-wells-woodrow-wilson-flash-cards/
(Related) Ida B. Wells
Early civil rights movement activist, lead an anti-lynching crusade in the 1890's
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(Related) Ida B. Wells
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African American journalist. published statistics about lynching, urged African Americans
to protest by refusing to ride streetcards or shop in white owned stores
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(Related) Ida B. Wells
the lynching of blacks outraged her, an african american journalist. in her newspaper, free
speech, wells urged african americans to protest the lynchings. she called for a boycott of
segregated street cars and white owned stores. she spoke out despite threats to her life.
https://quizlet.com/195959081/apush-ida-b-wells-woodrow-wilson-flash-cards/
Boss Tweed
William Tweed, head of Tammany Hall, NYC's powerful democratic political machine in 1868.
Between 1868 and 1869 he led the Tweed Reign, a group of corrupt politicians in defrauding
the city. Example: Responsible for the construction of the NY court house; actual
construction cost $3million. Project cost tax payers $13million.
https://quizlet.com/9218501/apush-id-terms-chapter-2326-flash-cards/
(Related) Boss Tweed
William Tweed, head of Tammany Hall, NYC's powerful democratic political machine in 1868.
Between 1868 and 1869 he led the Tweed Reign, a group of corrupt politicians in defrauding
the city. Example: Responsible for the construction of the NY court house; actual
construction cost $3million. Project cost tax payers $13million.
https://quizlet.com/9218501/apush-id-terms-chapter-2326-flash-cards/
(Related) Boss Tweed
William Tweed, head of Tammany Hall, NYC's powerful democratic political machine in 1868.
Between 1868 and 1869 he led the Tweed Reign, a group of corrupt politicians in defrauding
the city. Example: Responsible for the construction of the NY court house; actual
construction cost $3million. Project cost tax payers $13million.
https://quizlet.com/9218501/apush-id-terms-chapter-2326-flash-cards/
Crédit Mobilier scandal (1872)
Union Pacific Railroad insiders had formed this construction company and then cleverly
hired themselves at inflated prices to build the railroad line, earning dividends as high
as 348 percent. Fearing that Congress might blow the whistle, the company furtively
distributed shares of its valuable stock to key congressmen
https://quizlet.com/9668571/chapter-23-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) Crédit Mobilier scandal
RR construction - A Holding Company that over paid itself to do construction for the Union
Pacific on the first transcontinental RR - corruption in form of "kickbacks"
https://quizlet.com/9668571/chapter-23-apush-flash-cards/
Whiskey Ring (1874-5)
robbed the Treasury of millions in excise-tax revenues. The stiff excise taxes imposed
during the Civil War tempted manufacturers - in this case, distillers - to bribe revenue
agents to fudge their numbers & ignore the mis-measurement of bottled spirits
https://quizlet.com/1707423/ap-us-history-chapter-23-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Whiskey Ring
1874-1875; robbed the Treasury of millions in excise-tax revenues; President Grant said
"Let no guilty man escape" but then pardoned his guilty secretary
https://quizlet.com/1707423/ap-us-history-chapter-23-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Whiskey Ring
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In the United States, the Whiskey Ring was a scandal, exposed in 1875, involving diversion
of tax revenues in a conspiracy among government agents, politicians, whiskey distillers,
and distributors. Uncovered in Grant's Administration
https://quizlet.com/1707423/ap-us-history-chapter-23-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Whiskey Ring
a group of officials were importing whiskey and using their offices to avoid paying the
taxes on it, cheating the treasury out of millions of dollars.
https://quizlet.com/1707423/ap-us-history-chapter-23-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Whiskey Ring Scandal
A group of officials cheated the Treasury out of millions of dollars through importing
whiskey and using their offices to avoid paying taxes on it.
https://quizlet.com/1707423/ap-us-history-chapter-23-vocab-flash-cards/
Pendleton Civil Service Act
1883 law that created a Civil Service Commission and stated that federal employees could
not be required to contribute to campaign funds nor be fired for political reasons
https://quizlet.com/70821995/apush-vocab-chapter-21-flash-cards/
Mugwumps
Republican political activists who supported Democratic candidate Grover Cleveland in the
United States presidential election of 1884. They switched parties because they rejected
the financial corruption associated with Republican candidate, James Blaine.
https://quizlet.com/4006533/apush-chapter-23-flash-cards/
(Related) Mugwumps
A political movement comprising Republicans who supported Democratic candidate Grover
Cleveland in the United States presidential election of 1884. They switched parties because
they could not in good faith support the Republican candidate, James Blaine of Maine. After
the election was over, mugwump survived for more than a decade as an epithet in American
politics, and the Mugwumps themselves continued many of their associations as reformers
well into the 20th century.
https://quizlet.com/4006533/apush-chapter-23-flash-cards/
(Related) Mugwumps
Republicans who could not handle Blaine's nomination and switched parties; also and old
Indian term that means 'holier-than-thou'
https://quizlet.com/4006533/apush-chapter-23-flash-cards/
(Related) Mugwumps
Republican political activists who switched from Republican party to Democratic Party for
Grover Cleveland. They switched because they didnt like the financial corruption
https://quizlet.com/4006533/apush-chapter-23-flash-cards/
(Related) Mugwumps
Republican political activists who bolted from the United States Republican Party by
supporting Democratic candidate Grover Cleveland in the United States presidential election
of 1884. They switched parties because they rejected the financial corruption associated
with Republican candidate James G. Blaine.
https://quizlet.com/4006533/apush-chapter-23-flash-cards/
Billion-Dollar Congress
A meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of
the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in
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Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1889 to March 4, 1891, during the first two years of the
administration of U.S. President Benjamin Harrison.
https://quizlet.com/19443525/apush-chapter-28-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Billion-Dollar Congress
51st congress; held by Harrison; responsible for passing the Land Revision Act of 1891,
which created the national forests. Harrison authorized America's first forest reserve in
Yellowstone, Wyoming, the same year; its lavish spending and, for this reason, it incited
drastic reversals in public support that led to Cleveland's reelection in 1892. Other
important legislation passed into law by the Congress included the McKinley tariff,
authored by Representative (and future President) William McKinley; the Sherman Antitrust
Act, which prohibited business combinations that restricted trade; and the Sherman Silver
Purchase Act, which required the U.S. government to mint silver.
https://quizlet.com/19443525/apush-chapter-28-vocab-flash-cards/
Yosemite National Park
a national park in California famous for its waterfalls and rock formations
https://quizlet.com/70379470/chapter-28-apush-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Yosemite National Park
a United States National Park spanning eastern portions ofTuolumne, Mariposa and Madera
counties in east central California, United States. The park covers an area of 761,268
acres (3,080.74 km2)[2] and reaches across the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada mountain
chain.
https://quizlet.com/70379470/chapter-28-apush-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Yosemite National Park
U.S. National Park spanning eastern portions of Tuolumne, Mariposa and Madera counties in
east central California, United States. The park covers an area of 3080.74 km^2 and reaches
across the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada mountain chain.
https://quizlet.com/70379470/chapter-28-apush-vocab-flash-cards/
New South
Supported building a more diversified Southern economy; championed the expansion of
Southern industry; supported return of White conservatives to power; withdrawal of federal
troops and rise of KKK and lynching
https://quizlet.com/11231713/ap-us-history-chapter-16-the-last-west-and-the-new-south-18651900-flash-cards/
(Related) New South
The term has been used with different applications in mind. The original use of the term
"New South" was an attempt to describe the rise of a South after the Civil War which would
no longer be dependent on now-outlawed slave labor or predominantly upon the raising of
cotton, but rather a South which was also industrialized and part of a modern national
economy
https://quizlet.com/11231713/ap-us-history-chapter-16-the-last-west-and-the-new-south-18651900-flash-cards/
(Related) New South
A vision for a self-sufficient southern economy built on modern capitalist values,
industrial growth, and improved transportation. Henry Grady, the editor of the Atlanta
Constitution, spread the gospel of the ______ with editorials for economic diversity and
laissez-faire capitalism.
https://quizlet.com/11231713/ap-us-history-chapter-16-the-last-west-and-the-new-south-18651900-flash-cards/
(Related) New South
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argued for economic diversity and laissez-faire capitalism, tax exemptions to attract
investors in new industries, cheap labor was an incentive
https://quizlet.com/11231713/ap-us-history-chapter-16-the-last-west-and-the-new-south-18651900-flash-cards/
(Related) "New South"
Efforts to rebuild the south were expressed in the textual industry, growth of cities, and
improved railroads. The cities adapted to newer industries such as steel or lumber
https://quizlet.com/11231713/ap-us-history-chapter-16-the-last-west-and-the-new-south-18651900-flash-cards/
Invalid Link
Jim Crow Laws
The "separate but equal" segregation laws state and local laws enacted in the Southern and
border states of the United States and enforced between 1876 and 1965
https://quizlet.com/9111253/apush-ch-16-flash-cards/
(Related) Jim Crow laws
The "separate but equal" segregation laws state and local laws enacted in the Southern and
border states of the United States and enforced between 1876 and 1965
https://quizlet.com/9111253/apush-ch-16-flash-cards/
(Related) Jim Crow
Laws written to separate blacks and whites in public areas/meant African Americans had
unequal opportunities in housing, work, education, and government
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(Related) Jim Crow Laws
Laws enacted by states to segregate the population. Widespread in South after
Reconstruction
https://quizlet.com/9111253/apush-ch-16-flash-cards/
(Related) Jim Crow laws
The "separate but equal" segregation laws state and local laws enacted in the Southern and
border states of the United States and enforced between 1876 and 1965
https://quizlet.com/9111253/apush-ch-16-flash-cards/
(Related) Supreme Court decision that ruled "separate but equal" facilities for African
Americans were constitutional under the 14th Amendment because it ensured political
equality and "separate but equal" did not mean inferiority; legalized segregation and led
to the passage of many discriminatory laws known as Jim Crow laws
Plessey v. Ferguson(1896)
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grandfather clause; poll tax; literacy test
southern states adopted the grandfather clauses which allowed a man to vote only if his
grandfather had cast ballots in elections before Reconstruction. These clauses consisted of
poll taxes and literacy tests that were primaries for whites only.
https://quizlet.com/16536627/unit-4-apush-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Grandfather Clause
A clause in registration laws allowing people who do not meet registration requirements to
vote if they or their ancestors had voted before 1867
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(Related) Grandfather clause
A clause in registration laws allowing people who do not meet registration requirements to
vote if they or their ancestors had voted before 1867.
https://quizlet.com/16536627/unit-4-apush-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Grandfather clause
A clause in registration laws allowing people who do not meet registration requirements to
vote if they or their ancestors had voted before 1867
https://quizlet.com/16536627/unit-4-apush-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) grandfather clause
provisions of laws passed in the South after the Civil War stating citizens could vote only
if their grandfathers had been allowed to vote. The law made it impossible for African
Americans to vote because their grandfathers had been excluded from voting.
https://quizlet.com/16536627/unit-4-apush-vocab-flash-cards/
Plessy v. Ferguson
a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the
facilities for blacks and whites were equal
https://quizlet.com/11900487/apush-terms-chapter-16-flash-cards/
(Related) Plessy v. Ferguson
the court case in which the Supreme Court validated the South's segregationist social
order; ruled that "separate but equal" facilities were constitutional under the "equal
protection" clause in the Fourteenth Amendment; in reality the quality of African American
life was grotesquely unequal to that of whites
https://quizlet.com/11900487/apush-terms-chapter-16-flash-cards/
(Related) Plessy v. Ferguson
An 1896 Supreme Court case that ruled racially segregated railroad cars and other public
facilities, if they claimed to be "separate but equal," were permissible according to the
Fourteenth Amendment.
https://quizlet.com/11900487/apush-terms-chapter-16-flash-cards/
(Related) Plessy v. Ferguson
Supreme Court case which determined that "separate but equal" was legal. States could
mandate segregation if they wished.
https://quizlet.com/11900487/apush-terms-chapter-16-flash-cards/
(Related) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Supreme Court case about Jim Crow railroad cars in Louisiana; the Court decided by 7 to 1
that legislation could not overcome racial attitudes, and that it was constitutional to
have "separate but equal" facilities for blacks and whites.
https://quizlet.com/11900487/apush-terms-chapter-16-flash-cards/
Sherman Silver Purchase Act
Required the government to purchase an additional 4.5 million ounces of silver bullion each
month for use as currency.
https://quizlet.com/15828596/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-23-vocabulary-flash-cards/
(Related) Sherman Silver Purchase Act
(BH) 1890 , In 1890, an act was passed so that the treasury would buy 4.5 million ounces of
silver monthly and pay those who mined it in notes that were redeemable in either gold or
silver. This law doubled the amount of silver that could be purchased under the BlandAllison Law of 1878.
https://quizlet.com/15828596/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-23-vocabulary-flash-cards/
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(Related) Sherman Silver Purchase Act
1890 act that was a compromise between the western silver agitators and the eastern
protectionists. The Westerners agreed to support a higher tariff and the protectionists,
this bill. It ordered the Treasury to buy 4.5 million ounces of silver monthly.
https://quizlet.com/15828596/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-23-vocabulary-flash-cards/
(Related) Sherman Silver Purchase Act:
gold reserve in treasury dropped below $100 million, Cleveland wanted to stop bleeding away
of gold by repealing the Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890, partially stopped
hemorrhaging of gold from treasury, Bryan wanted free silver
https://quizlet.com/15828596/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-23-vocabulary-flash-cards/
(Related) Sherman Silver Purchase Act
1890 - Directed the Treasury to buy even larger amounts of silver that the Bland-Allison
Act and at inflatedprices. The introduction of large quantities of overvalued silver into
the ecomony lead to a run on the ferderalgold reserves, leading to the Panic of 1893.
Repealed in 1893.
https://quizlet.com/15828596/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-23-vocabulary-flash-cards/
William Jennings Bryan
(1860-1925) A politician who was a dominant force in the liberal wing of the Democratic
Party. Did not support the Gold Standard, railroads, or banks. Supporter of populist Dem.
Promoted Free Silver, anti-imperialism, and trust-busting. 41st Secretary of State under
Pres. Woodrow Wilson. A populist leader. Prosecuted John Scopes for teaching evolution in a
Tennessee school.
https://quizlet.com/1804843/apush-unit-5-review-flash-cards/
(Related) William Jennings Bryan; "Cross of Gold"
An American lawyer, statesman, and politician. He was a three-time Democratic Party nominee
for President of the United States noted for his deep, commanding voice. Cross of Gold
speech was a speech delivered by William Jennings Bryan at the 1896 Democratic National
Convention in Chicago. The speech advocated bimetallism. At the time, the Democratic Party
wanted to standardize the value of the dollar to silver and opposed pegging the value of
the United States dollar to a gold standard. The inflation that would result from the
silver standard would make it easier for farmers and other debtors to pay off their debts
by increasing their revenue dollars. It would also reverse the deflation which the U.S.
experienced from 1873-1896.
https://quizlet.com/1804843/apush-unit-5-review-flash-cards/
(Related) William Jennings Bryan
leader of the Democrats in the Chicago convention of 1896 who was a supporter of free
silver and won his audiences with biblical fervor; jobless workers and bankrupt farmers
resulted in Bryan's assault on the gold standard striking fear in many hearts
https://quizlet.com/1804843/apush-unit-5-review-flash-cards/
(Related) William Jennings Bryan
This Democratic candidate ran for president most famously in 1896 (and again in 1900). His
goal of "free silver" (unlimited coinage of silver) won him the support of the Populist
Party. Though a gifted orator, he lost the election to Republican William McKinley. He ran
again for president and lost in 1900. Later he opposed America's imperialist actions, and
in the 1920s, he made his mark as a leader of the fundamentalist cause and prosecuting
attorney in the Scopes Monkey Trial.
https://quizlet.com/1804843/apush-unit-5-review-flash-cards/
(Related) William Jennings Bryan
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This Democratic candidate ran for president most famously in 1896 (and again in 1900). His
goal of "free silver" (unlimited coinage of silver) won him the support of the Populist
Party. Though a gifted orator, he lost the election to Republican William McKinley. He ran
again for president and lost in 1900. Later he opposed America's imperialist actions, and
in the 1920s, he made his mark as a leader of the fundamentalist cause and prosecuting
attorney in the Scopes Monkey Trial.
https://quizlet.com/1804843/apush-unit-5-review-flash-cards/
(Related) William Jennings Bryan
Politician who ran for president 1896, 1900 and 1908 under Democrats, was a pro-silverite
and Populist leader
https://quizlet.com/1804843/apush-unit-5-review-flash-cards/
(Related) famous speech given by William Jennings Bryan; in support of bimetalism, Bryan
spoke of the gold standard as a burden (like the cross)
"Cross of Gold" Speech
https://quizlet.com/1804843/apush-unit-5-review-flash-cards/
(Related) Republican William McKinley defeated Democrat William Jennings Bryan in 1896.
Bryan was the nominee of the Democrats, the Populist Party, and the Silver
Republicans.Economic issues, including bimetallism, the gold standard, Free Silver, and the
tariff, were crucial.
Election of 1896
https://quizlet.com/1804843/apush-unit-5-review-flash-cards/
Placer Mining
A form of mining that required little technology or skill, placer mining techniques
included using a shovel and a washing pan to separate gold from the ore in streams and
riverbeds.
https://quizlet.com/15598332/ap-us-history-chapter-17-flash-cards/
(Related) Placer Mining
Form of mining that did not need technology or skill which started mass migration because
this started the gold rush.
https://quizlet.com/15598332/ap-us-history-chapter-17-flash-cards/
(Related) Placer Mining
mining valuable minerals from a placer by washing or dredginglike panning for gold)
https://quizlet.com/15598332/ap-us-history-chapter-17-flash-cards/
morrill land grant act
law passed by congress july 1862 awarding proceeds from the sale of public lands to states
for the establishment of agricultural colleges
https://quizlet.com/65230410/apush-unit-5-flash-cards/
(Related) Morrill Land Grant Act
Law passed by Congress in July 1862 awarding proceeds from the sale of public lands to the
states for the establishment of agricultural and mechanical colleges.
https://quizlet.com/65230410/apush-unit-5-flash-cards/
(Related) Morrill Land Grant Acts 1862, 1890
This law provided a generous grant of public lands to the states for support of education.
Land-grant colleges (most became state universities) bound themselves to provided certain
services, such as military training. The Hatch Act of 1887 extending the act, provided
federal funds for the establishment of agricultural experiment stations in connection with
the land-grant colleges. Philanthropists donated immense fortunes to educational
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enterprises; $150 mil from 1878 to 1898. Cornell and Stanford resulted from this; and many
other universities were established from the Act.
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(Related) Morrill Land Grant Act
Act of 1862 that transferred substantial public acreage to the state governments, which
were to sell the land and use the proceeds to finance public education. This act led to
many land-grant institutions
https://quizlet.com/65230410/apush-unit-5-flash-cards/
(Related) The Morrill Land Grant Act
Offered large amounts of the federal government's land to states that would establish
"agricultural and mechanical" colleges
https://quizlet.com/65230410/apush-unit-5-flash-cards/
Ghost Dance Movement
a Native American movement that called for a return to traditional ways of life and
challenged white dominance in society
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(Related) Ghost Dance Movement
The last effort of Native Americans to resist US domination and drive whites from their
ancestral lands came through a religious movement known as the Ghost Dance. In the
government's campaign to suppress the movement, the famous Sioux medicine man sitting Bull
was killed during his rest. Thought in the afterlife they could return to a time be fore
white men
https://quizlet.com/10191935/ch-16-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) Ghost Dance Movement
The last effort of Native Americans to resist US domination and drive whites from their
ancestral lands, came through as a religious movement.
https://quizlet.com/10191935/ch-16-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) the Ghost Dance Movement
A group of Native Americans who performed the ghost dance, in hopes of saving their way of
life. It was believed that by doing the dance that the white man would forever leave, and
the buffalo would come back.
https://quizlet.com/10191935/ch-16-apush-flash-cards/
A Century of Dishonor by Helen Hunt Jackson
It chronicled the experiences of Native Americans during the 19th Century. It was an
attempt to change America's ideas about the treatment of Indians.
https://quizlet.com/1745834/apush-ch-26-flash-cards/
(Related) Helen Hunt Jackson
A writer. Author of the 1881 book A Century of Dishonor. The book exposed the U.S.
governments many broken promises to the Native Americans. For example the government wanted
Native Americans to assimilate, i.e. give up their beliefs and ways of life, that way to
become part of the white culture.
https://quizlet.com/1745834/apush-ch-26-flash-cards/
(Related) Helen Hunt Jackson
an author who wrote A Century of Dishonor which chronicled the government's actions against
the Indians. She also wrote Romona, which was a love story about Indians. Her writing
helped inspire sympathy towards the Indians.
https://quizlet.com/1745834/apush-ch-26-flash-cards/
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Dawes Severalty Act (1887)
An act that broke up Indian reservations and distributed land to individual households.
Leftover land was sold for money to fund U.S. government efforts to "civilize" Native
Americans. Of 130 million acres held in Native American reservations before the Act, 90
million were sold to non-Native buyers.
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(Related) Dawes Severalty Act, 1887
Also called the General Allotment Act, it tried to dissolve Indian tribes by redistributing
the land. Designed to forestall growing Indian proverty, it resulted in many Indians losing
their lands to speculators
https://quizlet.com/10191935/ch-16-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) Dawes Severalty Act
1887, dismantled American Indian tribes, set up individuals as family heads with 160 acres,
tried to make rugged individualists out of the Indians, attempt to assimilate the Indian
population into that of the American
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(Related) Dawes Severalty Act
1887, dismantled American Indian tribes, set up individuals as family heads with 160 acres,
tried to make rugged individualists out of the Indians, attempt to assimilate the Indian
population into that of the American
https://quizlet.com/10191935/ch-16-apush-flash-cards/
Dry Farming
Technique that allowed farming in arid places of the west where there was little rainfall.
Farmers would dig a foot or so deep and cover it with mulch to slow the evaporation.
https://quizlet.com/89963135/amsco-apush-chapter-17-flash-cards/
(Related) dry farming
a way of farming dry land in which seeds are planted deep in ground where there is some
moisture. Contributed to the formation of the Dust Bowl
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(Related) dry farming
a way of farming dry land in which seeds are planted deep in ground where there is some
moisture
https://quizlet.com/89963135/amsco-apush-chapter-17-flash-cards/
(Related) Dry Farming
a way of farming dry land in which seeds are planted deep in ground where there is some
moisture
https://quizlet.com/89963135/amsco-apush-chapter-17-flash-cards/
(Related) dry farming
a type of farming used to try and grow crop in drought stricken areas that created a finely
pulverized surface which would contribute to the Dust Bowl
https://quizlet.com/89963135/amsco-apush-chapter-17-flash-cards/
(Related) dry farming
due to lack of rainfall on the plains farmers developed this technique to conserve limited
moisture during dry weather by reducing or even eliminating runoff and evaporation, thereby
increasing soil absorption and retention of moisture.
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Frederick Jackson Turner - Frontier Thesis
American historian who said that humanity would continue to progress as long as there was
new land to move into. The frontier provided a place for homeless and solved social
problems.
https://quizlet.com/2076417/ap-us-history-terms-flash-cards/
(Related) Frederick Jackson Turner
Frederick Jackson Turner (November 14, 1861 - March 14, 1932) was an American historian in
the early 20th century, based at the University of Wisconsin until 1910, and then at
Harvard. He trained many PhDs who came to occupy prominent places in the history
profession. He promoted interdisciplinary and quantitative methods, often with a focus on
the Midwest. He is best known for his essay "The Significance of the Frontier in American
History", whose ideas formed the Frontier Thesis. He argued that the moving western
frontier shaped American democracy and the American character from the colonial era until
1890. He is also known for his theories of geographical sectionalism. In recent years
western history has seen pitched arguments over his Frontier Thesis, with the only point of
agreement being his enormous impact on historical scholarship and the American mind.
https://quizlet.com/2076417/ap-us-history-terms-flash-cards/
(Related) Frederick Jackson Turner; "Frontier Thesis"
In 1893 he wrote a thesis entitled "the Significance of the Frontier in American History,"
His claims included that the experience of expansion into the frontier had stimulated
individualism, nationalism and democracy, and kept the opportunity of advancement alive.
https://quizlet.com/2076417/ap-us-history-terms-flash-cards/
(Related) Frederick Jackson Turner
American historian who said that humanity would continue to progress as long as there was
new land to move into. The frontier provided a place for homeless and solved social
problems.
https://quizlet.com/2076417/ap-us-history-terms-flash-cards/
Muckrakers
Muckrakers- nickname given to young reporters of popular magazines. These magazines spent a
lot of money on researching and digging up "muck," hence the name muckrakers. This name was
given to them by Pres. Roosevelt- 1906. These investigative journalists were trying to make
the public aware of problems that needed fixing.
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(Related) Muckrakers
Writers specializing in the composing of stories that handled underhanded schemes in
politics.
https://quizlet.com/4358768/apush-gilded-ageprogressive-era-flash-cards/
(Related) muckrakers
Journalists who attempted to find corruption or wrongdoing in industries and expose it to
the public
https://quizlet.com/4358768/apush-gilded-ageprogressive-era-flash-cards/
(Related) muckrakers
collective name for middle-class reformers who tried to expose political corruption and
industrial conditions in cities
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Lincoln Steffens
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New York reporter who launched a series of articles in McClure's titled "The Shame of the
Cities" in 1902; unmasked the corrupt alliance between big business and municipal
government
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(Related) Lincoln Steffens
wrote a series of articles in McClure's titled The Shame of the Cities talking about the
corrupt business-government alliance, said Philidelphians are controlled by machines
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(Related) Lincoln Steffens
-Muckraking journalist and the author of "The Shame of the Cities" detailing the corruption
in city governments throughout the United States
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(Related) Lincoln Steffens
U.S. journalist and reformer. He worked for New York City newspapers (1892 - 1901) and was
managing editor of McClure's Magazine (1901 - 06), where he began his famous muckraking
articles — later published as The Shame of the Cities (1904) — exposing corruption in
politics and big business.
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Ida Tarbell
Ida Tarbell was a "Muckraker" who wrote in the magazine McClure's (1921). As a younger
woman, in 1904, Tarbell made her reputation by publishing the history of the Standard Oil
Company, the "Mother of Trusts."
https://quizlet.com/8209133/chapter-28-vocab-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) Ida Tarbell
was a "Muckraker" who wrote in the magazine McClure's (1921). As a younger woman, in 1904,
she made her reputation by publishing the history of the Standard Oil Company, the "Mother
of Trusts."
https://quizlet.com/8209133/chapter-28-vocab-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) Ida Tarbell
A leading muckraker and magazine editor, she exposed the corruption of the oil industry
with her 1904 work A History of Standard Oil.
https://quizlet.com/8209133/chapter-28-vocab-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) Ida Tarbell
wrote a book about Rockefeller's monopoly over the oil business; "The History of the
Standard Oil Company" grew to be a nineteen-part series, published between November 1902
and October 1904; Tarbell wrote a detailed exposé of Rockefeller's unethical tactics,
sympathetically portraying the plight of Pennsylvania's independent oil workers
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(Related) Ida Tarbell
muckraker, wrote "Standard Oil Company"
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Upton Sinclair
muckraker who shocked the nation when he published The Jungle, a novel that revealed
gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago. The book was fiction but based
on the things Sinclair had seen.
https://quizlet.com/17936718/apush-chapter-28-flash-cards/
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(Related) Upton Sinclair
He was the author of the sensational novel, THE JUNGLE, published in 1906. His intention
was to describe the conditions of canning factory workers. Instead, Americans were
disgusted by his descriptions of dirty food production. His book influenced consumers to
demand safer canned products.
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(Related) Upton Sinclair
(September 20, 1878 - November 25, 1968), was a Pulitzer Prize-winning prolific American
author who wrote over 90 books in many genres. He achieved considerable popularity in the
first half of the 20th century, gaining particular fame for his 1906 muckraking novel The
Jungle. The book dealt with conditions in the U.S. meat packing industry, causing a public
uproar that partly contributed to the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat
Inspection Act in 1906.
https://quizlet.com/17936718/apush-chapter-28-flash-cards/
(Related) Upton Sinclair
muckraker who shocked the nation when he published The Jungle, a novel that revealed
gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago. The book was fiction but based
on the things Sinclair had seen.
https://quizlet.com/17936718/apush-chapter-28-flash-cards/
Jacob Riis
photographer who compiled a large archive of turn-of-the-century urban life; exposed
tenement lifestyle
https://quizlet.com/1782504/ap-us-history-chapter-28-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Jacob Riis
A Danish immigrant, he became a reporter who pointed out the terrible conditions of the
tenement houses of the big cities where immigrants lived during the late 1800s. He wrote
'How The Other Half Lives" in 1890.
https://quizlet.com/1782504/ap-us-history-chapter-28-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Jacob Riis
wrote How the Other Half Lives, Shocked Americans with open portrayal of dirt,disease,
vice, misery of New York slums, and Deeply influenced Theodore Roosevelt through the book
https://quizlet.com/1782504/ap-us-history-chapter-28-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Jacob Riis
Early 1900's muckraker who exposed social and political evils in the U.S. with his novel
"How The Other Half Lives"; exposed the poor conditions of the poor tenements in NYC and
Hell's Kitchen
https://quizlet.com/1782504/ap-us-history-chapter-28-vocab-flash-cards/
Jane Addams/Hull House (Cultural)
Jane Addams was middle class woman. The Hull House is a settlement house that she installed
in a ghetto of Chicago. The house inspired many other like settlements across the country,
while Addams spent her lifetime battling for garbage removal, playgrounds, better street
lighting, and police protection.
https://quizlet.com/4071437/apush-chapter-25-flash-cards/
(Related) Jane Addams
1860-1935. Founder of Settlement House Movement. First American Woman to earn Nobel Peace
Prize in 1931 as president of Women's Intenational League for Peace and Freedom. HULL HOUSE
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(Related) Jane Addams
a middle-class woman dedicated to uplifting the urban masses; college educated (one of
first generation); established the Hull House in Chicago in 1889 (most prominent American
settlement house, mostly for immigrants); condemned war and poverty; won the Nobel Peace
Prize in 1931
https://quizlet.com/4071437/apush-chapter-25-flash-cards/
(Related) Jane Addams
had a college education; used her talents to teach and do volunteer work, Hull house
(American settlement home); condemned war and poverty; won Nobel Peace Prize in 1931
https://quizlet.com/4071437/apush-chapter-25-flash-cards/
Initiative, referendum, recall
Initiative: people have the right to propose a new law. Referendum: a law passed by the
legislature can be reference to the people for approval/veto. Recall: the people can
petition and vote to have an elected official removed from office. These all made elected
officials more responsible and sensitive to the needs of the people, and part of the
movement to make government more efficient and scientific.
https://quizlet.com/36068892/apush-ch-20-the-progressives-1867-1901-flash-cards/
(Related) referendum
When citizens vote on laws instead of the state or national governments. The referendum
originated as a populous reform in the populist party, but was later picked up by the
progressive reform movement.
https://quizlet.com/36068892/apush-ch-20-the-progressives-1867-1901-flash-cards/
(Related) Referendum
Provided a method by which actions of the legislature could be returned to the electorate
for approval. Gave more power to the voters.
https://quizlet.com/36068892/apush-ch-20-the-progressives-1867-1901-flash-cards/
(Related) Initiative/Referendum/Recall
The electoral reforms that some western states inagurated to restore government by the
people. Initiative: Voters can instruct the legislature to consider a specific bill.
Referendum: People could directly vote on things, and policy issues. Recall pettitionVoters can remove a public official from office. Ironically, Voter participation rates
declined because of thee reforms.
https://quizlet.com/36068892/apush-ch-20-the-progressives-1867-1901-flash-cards/
(Related) referendum
let voters enact a law or give opinions on a measure
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(Related) attacked political machines, city manager system, direct primary,
initiative/referendum/recall , secret ballot
ways the political process was reformed (5)
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recall
The people could possibly remove an incompetent politician from office by having a second
election.
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(Related) recall
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The people could possibly remove an incompetent politician from office by having a second
election. A second election could be called by the people, and could possibly remove an
incompetent politician from office.
https://quizlet.com/36068892/apush-ch-20-the-progressives-1867-1901-flash-cards/
(Related) Initiative, referendum, recall
Initiative: people have the right to propose a new law. Referendum: a law passed by the
legislature can be reference to the people for approval/veto. Recall: the people can
petition and vote to have an elected official removed from office. These all made elected
officials more responsible and sensitive to the needs of the people, and part of the
movement to make government more efficient and scientific.
https://quizlet.com/36068892/apush-ch-20-the-progressives-1867-1901-flash-cards/
(Related) Recall
Gave citizens a chance to remove an elected official from office before the person's term
ended. Expanded the power of the electorate.
https://quizlet.com/36068892/apush-ch-20-the-progressives-1867-1901-flash-cards/
(Related) recall
let voters remove an official from office
https://quizlet.com/36068892/apush-ch-20-the-progressives-1867-1901-flash-cards/
(Related) attacked political machines, city manager system, direct primary,
initiative/referendum/recall , secret ballot
ways the political process was reformed (5)
https://quizlet.com/36068892/apush-ch-20-the-progressives-1867-1901-flash-cards/
initiative
allowed all citizens to introduce a bill into the legislative and required members to take
a vote on it
https://quizlet.com/1826450/apush-ch-21-flash-cards/
(Related) Initiative, referendum, recall
Initiative: people have the right to propose a new law. Referendum: a law passed by the
legislature can be reference to the people for approval/veto. Recall: the people can
petition and vote to have an elected official removed from office. These all made elected
officials more responsible and sensitive to the needs of the people, and part of the
movement to make government more efficient and scientific.
https://quizlet.com/1826450/apush-ch-21-flash-cards/
(Related) initiative
the process of petitioning a legislature to introduce a bill. It was part of the Populist
Party's platform in 1891, along with referendum and recall. These all intended to make the
people more responsible for their laws and allow them to make political decisions rather
than the legislature.
https://quizlet.com/1826450/apush-ch-21-flash-cards/
(Related) initiative
let voters tell the legislature to consider a bill
https://quizlet.com/1826450/apush-ch-21-flash-cards/
(Related) attacked political machines, city manager system, direct primary,
initiative/referendum/recall , secret ballot
ways the political process was reformed (5)
https://quizlet.com/1826450/apush-ch-21-flash-cards/
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(Related) Initiative/Referendum/Recall
The electoral reforms that some western states inagurated to restore government by the
people. Initiative: Voters can instruct the legislature to consider a specific bill.
Referendum: People could directly vote on things, and policy issues. Recall pettitionVoters can remove a public official from office. Ironically, Voter participation rates
declined because of thee reforms.
https://quizlet.com/1826450/apush-ch-21-flash-cards/
Secret Ballot
Voters do not reveal who they vote for or how they vote on an issue because their decision
is made in private. This keeps the election fair and free from threat or intimidation.
https://quizlet.com/17936718/apush-chapter-28-flash-cards/
(Related) Voter participation: Australian, or secret ballot
Political parties could manipulate and intimidate voters by printing lists of party
candidates and watching voters drop them into the ballot box. In 1888, MA was first state
to adopt a system successfully tried in Australia of issuing ballots printed by the state
and requiring voters to mark their choices secretly. By 1910, done in all states
https://quizlet.com/17936718/apush-chapter-28-flash-cards/
(Related) Secret Ballot
-privacy at the ballot box ensured that citizens can cast votes without party bosses
knowing how they voted-opposed by party bosses-also allowed people to split their ticket
between parties
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16th amendment
First income tax
https://quizlet.com/8286151/chapter-29-vocab-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) 16th Amendment
Federal income tax legalized: Congress has the power to lay and collect income taxes.
(1913)
https://quizlet.com/8286151/chapter-29-vocab-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) 16th Amendment
Amendment to the United States Constitution (1913) gave Congress the power to tax income.
https://quizlet.com/8286151/chapter-29-vocab-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) 16th Amendment
Authorized the collection of income tax. This made the rich pay their fair share to the
government as well as allowing the Underwood-Simmons Tariff of 1913 to lower many tariffs
https://quizlet.com/8286151/chapter-29-vocab-apush-flash-cards/
17th Amendment
Direct election of Senators. The people will directly elect U.S. Senators, instead of the
previous process of State governments choosing their State's Senators. (1913)
https://quizlet.com/1908809/apush-unit-9-flash-cards/
(Related) 17th Amendment
Established that senators were to be elected directly. This law was intended to create a
more democratic, fair society.
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(Related) 17th Amendment
Passed in 1913, this amendment to the Constitution calls for the direct election of
senators by the voters instead of their election by state legislatures.
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18th Amendment
Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages, 1919
https://quizlet.com/9630833/apush-chapter-30-id-terms-flash-cards/
(Related) 18th Amendment
Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages.
https://quizlet.com/9630833/apush-chapter-30-id-terms-flash-cards/
(Related) 18th Amendment
Prohibited the non-medical sale of alcohol This amendment is the midpoint of a growing
drive towards women's rights as well as showing the moral attitude of the era.
https://quizlet.com/9630833/apush-chapter-30-id-terms-flash-cards/
(Related) 4. 18th Amendment
This amendment had its roots in the religious revival in the 1820s. Since then over half
the US states had put in state laws that had the same affect as this amendment. This
amendment made it federal law in all states starting in 1919 that the sale, transportation,
and manufacture of alcohol for beverage purposes was illegal. This led to the bootlegging
and gangsters in the 1920s.
https://quizlet.com/9630833/apush-chapter-30-id-terms-flash-cards/
19th Amendment
Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920) extended the right to vote to women in federal or
state elections.
https://quizlet.com/18317544/ap-us-history-chapter-21-vocabulary-flash-cards/
(Related) 19th Amendment
Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920) extended the right to vote to women in federal or
state elections.
https://quizlet.com/18317544/ap-us-history-chapter-21-vocabulary-flash-cards/
(Related) 19th Amendment
Women right to vote protected: "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall
not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State on account of sex." (1920)
https://quizlet.com/18317544/ap-us-history-chapter-21-vocabulary-flash-cards/
(Related) 19th Amendment
Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920) extended the right to vote to women in federal or
state elections.
https://quizlet.com/18317544/ap-us-history-chapter-21-vocabulary-flash-cards/
(Related) 19th Amendment
Established that no citizen can be denied the right to vote on account of sex. Granted
women the ability to vote.
https://quizlet.com/18317544/ap-us-history-chapter-21-vocabulary-flash-cards/
Robert La Follette/ Wisconsin Idea
Robert La Folltette came up with this idea that the people of the states would be able to
elect their own senator. He was part of the Wisconsin legislature, so he called it the
Wisconsin Idea. It was passed by Congress and is still used today.
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https://quizlet.com/10742136/chapters-21-and-22-of-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) Robert La Follette (Wisconsin Idea)- Political
The Wisconsin Idea was created by the state's progressives to do away with monopolies,
trusts, high costs of living, and predatory wealth. Reforms in labor and worker's rights
were one of the major aspects of the Wisconsin Idea. The Idea was developed by Robert La
Follette, Governor and later Senator from Wisconsin. La Follette was a leader of the
national Progressive movement, who ran for President on the Progressive ticket in 1924
https://quizlet.com/10742136/chapters-21-and-22-of-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) "wisconsin idea"
The Wisconsin Idea was created by the state's progressives to do away with monopolies,
trusts, high costs of living, and predatory wealth. Reforms in labor and worker's rights
were one of the major aspects of the Wisconsin Idea. The Idea was developed by Robert La
Follette, Governor and later Senator from Wisconsin. La Follette was a leader of the
national Progressive movement, who ran for President on the Progressive ticket in 1924
https://quizlet.com/10742136/chapters-21-and-22-of-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) The Wisconsin Idea
Progressive-era policy to apply the expertise of the state's university to social
legislation that benefited all the state's citizens; it led to classic programs such as
regulation of utilities, workers' compensation, tax reform, and university extension
services;
https://quizlet.com/10742136/chapters-21-and-22-of-apush-flash-cards/
Muller v. Oregon
1908 Louis D. Brandeis persuaded the Supreme Court to accept the constitutionality of laws
protecting women workers by presenting evidence of the harmful effects of factory labor on
women's weaker bodies
https://quizlet.com/20046541/apush-chapter-29-flash-cards/
(Related) Muller v. Oregon
a landmark decision in United States Supreme Court history, as it relates to both sex
discrimination and labor laws. The case upheld Oregon state restrictions on the working
hours of women as justified by the special state interest in protecting women's health.,
10-hour work day for women laundry workers on health and community concerns
https://quizlet.com/20046541/apush-chapter-29-flash-cards/
(Related) Muller v. Oregon
1908 - Supreme Court upheld Oregon state restrictions on the working hours of women as
justified by the special state interest in protecting women's health
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(Related) Muller v. Oregon
1908 - Supreme Court upheld Oregon state restrictions on the working hours of women as
justified by the special state interest in protecting women's health
https://quizlet.com/20046541/apush-chapter-29-flash-cards/
(Related) Muller v. Oregon
1908 - Supreme Court upheld Oregon state restrictions on the working hours of women as
justified by the special state interest in protecting women's health
https://quizlet.com/20046541/apush-chapter-29-flash-cards/
Lochner v. New York
1905overturns new york law setting 8 hr maximum working hours for bakery workers
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(Related) Lochner v. New York
overturns new york law setting 8 hr maximum working hours for bakery workers- 1905
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(Related) Lochner v. New York
(1905) Declared unconstitutional a New York act limiting the working hours of bakers due to
a denial of the 14th Amendment rights.
https://quizlet.com/5323393/apush-supreme-court-cases-flash-cards/
(Related) Lochner v. New York 1905
198 U.S. 45 (1905), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case that held a "liberty of
contract" was implicit in the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The case
involved a New York law that limited the number of hours that a baker could work each day
to ten, and limited the number of hours that a baker could work each week to 60. By a 5-4
vote, the Supreme Court rejected the argument that the law was necessary to protect the
health of bakers, deciding it was a labor law attempting to regulate the terms of
employment, and calling it an "unreasonable, unnecessary and arbitrary interference with
the right and liberty of the individual to contract." Justice Rufus Peckham wrote for the
majority, while Justices John Marshall Harlan and Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. filed
dissents.
https://quizlet.com/5323393/apush-supreme-court-cases-flash-cards/
(Related) Lochner v. New York
(1905) This supreme court case debated whether or not New York state violated the liberty
of the fourteenth amendment which allowed Lochner to regulate his business when he made a
contract. The specific contract Lochner made violated the New York statute which stated
that bakers could not work more than 60 hours per week, and more than 10 hours per day.
Ultimately, it was ruled that the New York State law was invalid, and interfered with the
freedom of contract.
https://quizlet.com/5323393/apush-supreme-court-cases-flash-cards/
Triangle Shirtwaist fire
An industrial disaster in NYC that caused the death of 146 garment workers who died from
the fire or jumped to their deaths. The fire led to legislation requiring improved factory
safety standards and helped spur the growth the the International Ladies' Garment Workers'
Union, which fought for safer conditions.
https://quizlet.com/4309891/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-28-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Triangle Shirtwaist fire
Disaster at a New York factory in 1911 when 146 workers were either burned or jumped to
their deaths from the eight or ninth floor, most of them young women.
https://quizlet.com/4309891/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-28-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
NYC, March 25, 1911; industrial disaster in the history of the city of New York, causing
the death of 146 garment workers who either died from the fire or jumped to their deaths.
It was the worst workplace disaster in New York City until September 11, 2001. The fire led
to legislation requiring improved factory safety standards and helped spur the growth of
the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, which fought for safer and better working
conditions for sweatshop workers in that industry; located in the Asch Building
https://quizlet.com/4309891/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-28-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (1911)
A horrific incident involving a fire that erupted in a locked factory, killing dozens. This
case had the effect of increasing government regulation of factory safety conditions.
https://quizlet.com/4309891/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-28-vocab-flash-cards/
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Square Deal
President Theodore Roosevelt's plan for reform; all Americans are entitled to an equal
opportinity to succeed, Focused on busting trusts, gov't regulation of big biz, fair chance
for labor, and environmental conservation
https://quizlet.com/979264/apush-chapter-22-vocabulary-flash-cards/
(Related) Square Deal
Roosevelt's policy of having the federal government promote the public interest by dealing
evenhandedly with both labor and business
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(Related) Square Deal
President Theodore Roosevelt's domestic program formed upon four basic ideas of
Conservation, Regulating Business Monopolies, Enforcing the Anti-Trust act, and supporting
Progressive ideas.
https://quizlet.com/979264/apush-chapter-22-vocabulary-flash-cards/
(Related) Square Deal
Roosevelt's policy of having the federal government promote the public interest by dealing
evenhandedly with both labor and business. Three C's: Control of Corporations, Consumer
Protection, Conservation of Natural Resources.
https://quizlet.com/979264/apush-chapter-22-vocabulary-flash-cards/
(Related) TR's Square Deal
"Square Deal" embraced the three Cs: control of the corporations, consumer protection, and
the conservation of the United States' natural resources.
https://quizlet.com/979264/apush-chapter-22-vocabulary-flash-cards/
Elkins Act
1903; aimed primarily at the rebate evil; heavy fines could now be imposed both on the
railroads that gave rebates and on the shippers that accepted them
https://quizlet.com/1845395/apush-ch-28-30-review-for-test-flash-cards/
(Related) Elkins Act (1903)
strengthened the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 by imposing heavy fines on railroads
offering rebates and on the shippers accepting them
https://quizlet.com/1845395/apush-ch-28-30-review-for-test-flash-cards/
(Related) Elkins Act
The Elkins Act is a 1903 United States federal law that amended the Interstate Commerce Act
of 1887.[1] The Elkins Act authorized the Interstate Commerce Commission to impose heavy
fines on railroads that offered rebates, and upon the shippers that accepted these rebates.
The railroad companies were not permitted to offer rebates. Railroad corporations, their
officers and employees were all made liable for discriminatory practices.
https://quizlet.com/1845395/apush-ch-28-30-review-for-test-flash-cards/
(Related) Elkins Act 1903 rebates
This strengthened earlier federal legislation that outlawed preferential pricing through
rebates. Rebates are returns of parts of the amount paid for goods or services, serving as
a reduction or discount. This act also prohibited railroads from transporting goods they
owned. As a dodge around previous legislation, railroads were buying goods and transporting
them as if they were their own.
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(Related) Mann-Elkins Act 1910
Signed by Taft, it bolstered the regulatory powers of the Interstate Commerce Commission
and supported labor reforms. It gave the ICC the power to prosecute its own inquiries into
violations of its regulations.
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Meat Inspection Act of 1906
Passed in 1906 largely in reaction to Upton Sinclair's The Jungle, the law set strict
standards of cleanliness in the meatpacking industry.
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(Related) Meat Inspection Act
Inspired by Upton Sinclair's The Jungle, this 1906 bill established a government commission
that would monitor the quality of all meat sold in America and inspect the meatpaking
houses for safety and cleanliness.
https://quizlet.com/2000631/the-progressive-reform-era-flash-cards/
(Related) Meat Inspection Act, 1906
established a rating system for meat, required federal inspection of meat processing to
ensure sanitary conditions
https://quizlet.com/2000631/the-progressive-reform-era-flash-cards/
(Related) Meat Inspection Act
Required strict cleanliness requirements for meat packers and created a program of federal
meat inspection. It came about in 1906 as a result of president Roosevelt reading Upton
Sinclair's The Jungle. Roosevelt appointed a commission of experts. To investigate the meat
packing industry. Then the commission issued a report backing up Sinclair's account of the
disgusting conditions in the industry.
https://quizlet.com/2000631/the-progressive-reform-era-flash-cards/
Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
Passed in 1906, the first law to regulate manufacturing of food and medicines; prohibited
dangerous additives and inaccurate labeling.
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(Related) Pure Food and Drug Act
(TR) 1906 , 1906 - Forbade the manufacture or sale of mislabeled or adulterated food or
drugs, it gave the government broad powers to ensure the safety and efficacy of drugs in
order to abolish the "patent" drug trade. Still in existence as the FDA.
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(Related) Pure Food and Drug Act
Designed to prevent the adulteration and mislabeling of foods and drugs. It gave consumers
protection from dangerous and impure foods
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(Related) Pure Food and Drug Act
1906 law that forbade the manufacture, sale, or transportation of food and patent medicine
containing harmful ingredients, and required that containers of food and medicines carry
ingredient labels
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(Related) Pure food and Drug Act
It was created in 1906 and was designed to prevent the adulteration and mislabeling of
foods and pharmaceuticals. It was made to protect the consumer.
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Newlands act of 1902
authorized the federal government to collect money from the sale of public lands in western
states and then use these funds for the development of irrigation projects
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(Related) Newlands Act of 1902
let fed. gov. collect money from the sale of lands in the west & use the money for
irrigation projects
https://quizlet.com/4701184/chapter-28-29-apush-key-terms-flash-cards/
Gifford Pinchot
known for reforming the management and development of forests in the United States and for
advocating the conservation of the nation's reserves by planned use and renewal. He called
it "the art of producing from the forest whatever it can yield for the service of man." He
coined the term conservation ethic as applied to natural resources.
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(Related) Gifford Pinchot
was the first Chief of the United States Forest Service (1905-1910) and the Governor of
Pennsylvania (1923-1927, 1931-1935). He was a Republican and Progressive. Pinchot is known
for reforming the management and development of forests in the United States and for
advocating the conservation of the nation's reserves by planned use and renewal.
https://quizlet.com/738602/apush-chapter-29-flash-cards/
(Related) Gifford Pinchot
a conservationist who was part of the US Forest Service; helps pass the National
Reclamation Act/Newlands Act; advocated multiple-use land management
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(Related) Gifford Pinchot
Forestry Department Head; fired by Taft over consevationism controversy with Ballinger
https://quizlet.com/738602/apush-chapter-29-flash-cards/
(Related) Gifford Pinchot
head of the U.S. Forest Servic under Roosevelt, who believed that it was possible to make
use of natural resources while conserving them
https://quizlet.com/738602/apush-chapter-29-flash-cards/
Election of 1912
Presidential campaign involving Taft, T. Roosevelt, and Woodrow Wilson. Taft and Roosevelt
split the Republican vote, enabling Wilson to win
https://quizlet.com/1871479/apush-ch-28-31-flash-cards/
(Related) Election of 1912
Presidential campaign involving Taft, T. Roosevelt, and Woodrow Wilson. Taft and Roosevelt
split the Republican vote, enabling Wilson to win
https://quizlet.com/1871479/apush-ch-28-31-flash-cards/
(Related) Election of 1912
In this election, the Democrats nominated Woodrow Wilson, giving him a strong progressive
platform called the "New Freedom" program. The Republicans were split between Taft and
Roosevelt's Bull Moose Party with its "New Nationalism" program. By the division of the
Republican Party, a Democratic victory was ensured. Woodrow Wilson won. The Republicans
were thrust into a minority status in Congress for the next six years.
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(Related) Election of 1912
Presidential campaign involving Taft, T. Roosevelt, and Woodrow Wilson. Taft and Roosevelt
split the Republican vote, enabling Wilson to win
https://quizlet.com/1871479/apush-ch-28-31-flash-cards/
Underwood Tariff Bill
Congressional measure to provide the a substantial reduction of rates, and the first ever
implementation of a graduated income tax on incomes $3000+
https://quizlet.com/9659203/apush-29-flash-cards/
(Related) Underwood Tariff
Pushed through Congress by Woodrow Wilson, this 1913 tariff reduced average tariff duties
by almost 15% and established a graduated income tax
https://quizlet.com/9659203/apush-29-flash-cards/
(Related) Underwood Tariff of 1913
which substantially reduced import fees and enacted a graduated income tax (under the
approval of the recent 16th Amendment).
https://quizlet.com/9659203/apush-29-flash-cards/
(Related) Underwood Tariff Bill
Provided for a substantial reduction of rates- passed in house but lobbyists attacked
senate, Wilson denounced and bill passed in 1913
https://quizlet.com/9659203/apush-29-flash-cards/
(Related) Underwood Tariff
(1913) This tariff provided for a substantial reduction of rates and enacted an
unprecedented, graduated federal income tax. By 1917, revenue from the income tax surpassed
receipts from the tariff, a gap that has since been vastly widened.
https://quizlet.com/9659203/apush-29-flash-cards/
Federal Reserve Act (1913)
This act created a central banking system, consisting of twelve regional banks governed by
the Federal Reserve Board. It was an attempt to provide the United States with a sound yet
flexible currency. The Board it created still plays a vital role in the American economy
today.
https://quizlet.com/9859115/apush-chapter-30-terms-flash-cards/
(Related) Federal Reserve Act of 1913
created 12 district banks that would lend $ at discount rates (could increase/decrease amt.
of $ in circulation); loosen/tighten credit with nation's needs; first central banking
system since 1836
https://quizlet.com/9859115/apush-chapter-30-terms-flash-cards/
(Related) 1913 Federal Reserve Act
which created the new Federal Reserve Board, which oversaw a nationwide system of twelve
regional reserve districts, each with its own central bank, and had the power to issue
paper money ("Federal Reserve Notes").
https://quizlet.com/9859115/apush-chapter-30-terms-flash-cards/
(Related) Federal Reserve Act of 1913
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Glass-Owen Federal Reserve Act of 1913 created a Federal Reserve System of regional banks
and a Federal Reserve Board to stabilize the economy by regulating the supply of currency
and controlling credit.
https://quizlet.com/9859115/apush-chapter-30-terms-flash-cards/
Federal Trade Commission Act
A banner accomplishment of Woodrow Wilson's administration, this law empowered a standing,
presidentially appointed commission to investigate illegal business practices in interstate
commerce like unlawful competition, false advertising, and mislabeling of goods.
https://quizlet.com/8111360/apush-ch-29-flash-cards/
(Related) Federal Trade Commission Act
empowered a president-appointed position to investigate the activities of trusts and stop
unfair trade practices such as unlawful competition, false advertising, mislabeling,
adulteration, & bribery.
https://quizlet.com/8111360/apush-ch-29-flash-cards/
(Related) Federal Trade Commission (1914)
Established to preserve competition by preventing unfair business practices and investigate
complaints against companies.
https://quizlet.com/8111360/apush-ch-29-flash-cards/
(Related) Federal Trade Commission Act
set up a position, appointed by the president, to investigate activities of trusts. The
goal would be to stop trade practices deemed unfair such as unlawful competition, false
advertising, mislabeling, adulteration, and bribery.
https://quizlet.com/8111360/apush-ch-29-flash-cards/
(Related) the Federal Trade Commission
The new regulatory agency created by the Wilson administration in 1914 that attacked
monopolies, false advertisting, and consumer fraud was
https://quizlet.com/8111360/apush-ch-29-flash-cards/
(Related) Federal Trade Commission Act
A committee formed to investigate industries engaging in interstate commerce. It was
created to stop unfair trade practices and to regulate and crush monopolies.
https://quizlet.com/8111360/apush-ch-29-flash-cards/
Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914)
Lengthened Sherman Anti-Trust Act's list of practices. Exempted labor unions from being
called trusts, legalized strikes and peaceful picketing by labor union members.
https://quizlet.com/4534608/apush-chapter-30-flash-cards/
(Related) Clayton Anti-Trust Act
It added to the Sherman law's list of objectionable trust practices by forbidding price
discrimination; a different price for different people, and interlocking directorates; the
same people serving on "competitors" boards of trustees. It also exempted labor unions from
being considered trusts and legalized strikes as a form of peaceful assembly. Ultimately
helped cut down on monopolies.
https://quizlet.com/4534608/apush-chapter-30-flash-cards/
(Related) Clayton Anti-Trust Act
Wilsonian law that tried to curb business monopoly while permitting labor and agricultural
organizations
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(Related) Clayton Anti-Trust Act
Law extending the anti-trust protections of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act and exempting labor
unions and agricultural organizations from anti-monopoly constraints; The act conferred
long overdue benefits on labor.
https://quizlet.com/4534608/apush-chapter-30-flash-cards/
(Related) Clayton Anti-Trust Act
1914 Law extending the anti-trust protections of the Sherman Anit Trust Act and exempting
labor unions and agricultural organizations from antimonopoly constraints.
https://quizlet.com/4534608/apush-chapter-30-flash-cards/
(Related) Clayton Anti-Trust Act of 1914
Act passed in 1914, which outlawed such practices as price discrimination (charging
different customers different prices for the same goods), "tying" agreements that limited
the right of dealers to handle the products of competing manufacturers, interlocking
directorates connecting corporations with a capital of more than $1 million (or banks with
more than $5 million), and corporations' acquisition of stock in competing corporations.
https://quizlet.com/4534608/apush-chapter-30-flash-cards/
Federal Farm Loan Act
reform law that made credit available to farmers at low rates
https://quizlet.com/10661193/apush-21-flash-cards/
(Related) Federal Farm Loan Act of 1916
Enacted in 1916 that set up twelve Federal Land Banks, under the control of a Federal Farm
Loan Board, that offered farmers loans of five to forty years' duration at low interest
rates.
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(Related) Federal Farm Loan Act (1916)
Congressional measure making credit available to farmers at low rates of interest
https://quizlet.com/10661193/apush-21-flash-cards/
(Related) Federal Farm Loan Act
Passed by president Wilson in 1916. Was originally a reform wanted by the Populist party.
It gave farmers the chance to get credit at low rates of interest., -developed by democrats
to keep farmers' votes in 1916; established 12 Farm Loan Banks that would grant loans to
farmers and agricultural cooperatives, and land could be used as collateral
https://quizlet.com/10661193/apush-21-flash-cards/
(Related) Federal Farm Loan Act
this 1916 legislation designed to help farmers created 12 federally supported banks which
could lend money at moderate interest to farmers who belonged to credit institutions
https://quizlet.com/10661193/apush-21-flash-cards/
Adamson Act
This law established an eight-hour day for all employees on trains involved in interstate
commerce, with extra pay for overtime. It was the first federal law regulating the hours of
workers in private companies, and was upheld by the Supreme Court Wilson v. New (1917).
https://quizlet.com/1815235/apush-ch-29-flash-cards/
(Related) 1916 Adamson Act
established an eight-hour workday with overtime pay.
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(Related) Adamson Act of 1916
established an eight-hour workday with overtime pay.
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(Related) Adamson Act
(1916) This law established an eight-hour day for all employees on trains involved in
interstate commerce, with extra pay for overtime. It was the first federal law regulating
the hours of workers in private companies, and was upheld by the Supreme Court Wilson v.
New (1917).
https://quizlet.com/1815235/apush-ch-29-flash-cards/
(Related) Adamson Act (1916)
This law established an eight-hour day for all employees on trains involved in interstate
commerce, with extra pay for overtime. It was the first federal law regulating the hours of
workers in private companies, and was upheld by the Supreme Court Wilson v. New (1917).
https://quizlet.com/1815235/apush-ch-29-flash-cards/
Jones act
Act that replaced the Foraker Act.\tIt gave Puerto Ricans full citizenship, as well as a
government that was similar to a state government.
https://quizlet.com/9659203/apush-29-flash-cards/
(Related) Jones Act in 1916
which granted full territorial status to the Philippines and promised independence as soon
as a stable government could be established.
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(Related) Jones Act
(1916) Law according territorial status to the Philippines and promising independence as
soon as a "stable government" could be established. The U.S. did not grant the Philippines
independence until July 4, 1946.
https://quizlet.com/9659203/apush-29-flash-cards/
(Related) Jones Act (1916)
The act that granted the Phillipines territorial status and promised independence as soon
as stable government was achieved
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(Related) Jones Act
Granted to the Philippines the boon of territorial status and promised independence as soon
as a "stable government" was established.
https://quizlet.com/9659203/apush-29-flash-cards/
Josiah Strong
expansionist who blended racist and religious reasons to justify American expansion in the
1880s and 1890s; he saw the Anglo-Saxon race as trained by God to expand throughout the
world and spread Christianity along the way.
https://quizlet.com/1796679/apush-ch27-flash-cards/
(Related) Reverend Josiah Strong
Our Country: It's Possible Future and Its Present Crisis. Strong spoke for civilizing and
Christianizing savages.
https://quizlet.com/1796679/apush-ch27-flash-cards/
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(Related) Reverend Josiah Strong
wrote Our Country: It's Possible Future and Present Crisis
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(Related) Josiah Strong
American clergyman who preached Anglo-Saxon superiority and called for stronger U.S.
missionary effort overseas
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(Related) Josiah Strong
Wrote "Our Country: Its Possible Future and its Present Crisis", an American pastor and
imperialist who praised civilization and values, inspired missionaries and pious people to
spread western culture and religion
https://quizlet.com/1796679/apush-ch27-flash-cards/
(Related) Josiah Strong
Author of Our Country, expansionist who blended racist and religious reasons to justify
American expansion; he saw the Anglo-Saxon race as trained by God to expand throughout the
world and spread Christianity along the way.
https://quizlet.com/1796679/apush-ch27-flash-cards/
Alfred Thayer Mahan, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History
Alfred Thayer Mahan was a Naval Admiral who was a very effective advocate of imperialism.
In the book, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, Mahan claimed that countries with sea
power were the great nations of history. Mahan also believed that America should at least
acquire defensive bases in the Caribbean and the Pacific and take possession of Pacific
islands like Hawaii. DIPLOMATIC.
https://quizlet.com/19718770/chapter-19-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) The author who called on the United States to increase its naval forces in his
book, The Influence of Sea Power upon History, was
Alfred T. Mahan
https://quizlet.com/19718770/chapter-19-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) The author of The Influence of Sea Power upon History believed the United States
should take possession of the Hawaiian Islands.
https://quizlet.com/19718770/chapter-19-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) The Influence of Sea Power Upon History
an influential treatise on naval warfare written in 1890 by Alfred Thayer Mahan. It details
the role of sea power throughout history and discusses the various factors needed to
support a strong navy.
https://quizlet.com/19718770/chapter-19-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) The Influence of Sea Power Upon History (1890)
Written by Alfred Mahan who argued that control of the sea was the key to world dominance;
it was very influential in promoting the growth of US naval power during the 19th century.
https://quizlet.com/19718770/chapter-19-apush-flash-cards/
Teller Amendment
Act of Congress in 1898 that stated that when the United States had rid Cuba of Spanish
rule, Cuba would be granted its freedom. It prevented Cuba from turning hostile towards the
U.S.
https://quizlet.com/11321179/amsco-ap-us-history-chapter-20-flash-cards/
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(Related) Teller Amendment
This proviso was passed after Congress essentially declared war on Spain for its actions in
Cuba. This legislation declared to the world that the US had overthrown Spanish misrule and
would give Cubans their freedom. The US honored it in 1902, and withdrew from Cuba.
https://quizlet.com/11321179/amsco-ap-us-history-chapter-20-flash-cards/
(Related) Teller Amendment
April 1896 - U.S. declared Cuba free from Spain, but this amendment disclaimed any American
intention to annex Cuba
https://quizlet.com/11321179/amsco-ap-us-history-chapter-20-flash-cards/
(Related) Teller Amendment
Legislation that promised the US would not annex Cuba after winning the Spanish-American
war
https://quizlet.com/11321179/amsco-ap-us-history-chapter-20-flash-cards/
(Related) Teller Amendment
On April 11, 1898 McKinley sent a war message to Congress urging armed intervention to free
the oppressed Cubans. This was favorably received by Congress which responded with a
declaration of war. The Teller Amendment was an amendment to this declaration which
declared that when the United States had overthrown Spanish rule of Cuba it would give the
Cubans their freedom. The imperial powers of Europe were skeptical, however the United
States withdrew from Cuba in 1902 as promised.
https://quizlet.com/11321179/amsco-ap-us-history-chapter-20-flash-cards/
Annexation of Hawaii
Cleveland rejects annexation of Hawaii McKinley annexes Hawaii
https://quizlet.com/163310371/apush-imperialism-hawaii-flash-cards/
(Related) Hawaii
From the 1820's, the US missionaries always liked the Hawaiian Islands. Treaties signed in
1875 and 1887 guaranteed commercial trade and US rights to Pearl Harbor, while Hawaiian
sugar was very profitable. In 1890, the McKinley Tariff raised the prices of sugar.
Americans believed that the best way to offset this tariff was to annex Hawaii; however,
this was opposed by Queen Liliuokalani. Cleveland didn't believe that it was right to annex
Hawaii after the American Coup over there, but at the end of his presidency, Hawaii became
part of the US.
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(Related) Annexation of Hawaii
U.S. wanted Hawaii for business and so Hawaiian sugar could be sold in the U.S. duty free,
Queen Liliuokalani opposed so Sanford B. Dole overthrew her in 1893, William McKinley
convinced Congress to annex Hawaii in 1898
https://quizlet.com/163310371/apush-imperialism-hawaii-flash-cards/
(Related) annexation of Hawaii
McKinley Tariff made Hawaiian sugar expensive; Americans felt that the best way to offset
this was to annex Hawaii—a move opposed by its Queen Liliuokalani—but in 1893, desperate
Americans in Hawaii revolted; succeeded, and Hawaii seemed ready for annexation, but Grover
Cleveland became president again, investigated the coup, found it to be wrong, and delayed
the annexation of Hawaii until he basically left office
https://quizlet.com/163310371/apush-imperialism-hawaii-flash-cards/
Emilio Aguinaldo
Filipino leader, helped US overthrow Spanish rulers in Philippines, led a revolt against US
rule in Philippines, was crushed by US soldiers
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(Related) Emilio Aguinaldo
Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain (1895-1898). He proclaimed the
independence of the Philippines in 1899, but his movement was crushed and he was captured
by the United States Army in 1901. (p. 743)
https://quizlet.com/18446735/apush-chapter-27-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Emilio Aguinaldo
Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain (1895-1898). He proclaimed the
independence of the Philippines in 1899, but his movement was crushed and he was captured
by the United States Army in 1901.
https://quizlet.com/18446735/apush-chapter-27-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Emilio Aguinaldo
led American troops and captured Manila, collaborating with Filipino insurgents to
overthrow the Spanish rulers Sig) On July 7, 1898, the U.S. annexed Hawaii (so that it
could use the islands to support Dewey, supposedly), and Hawaii received full territorial
status in 1900
https://quizlet.com/18446735/apush-chapter-27-vocab-flash-cards/
Insular Cases
Supreme Court cases that the Puerto Rican islanders did not have full American rights
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(Related) Insular cases
Determined that inhabitants of U.S. territories had some, but not all, of the rights of
U.S. citizens.
https://quizlet.com/4325252/apush-chapter-27-flash-cards-flash-cards/
(Related) Insular Cases (1901)
ruled that people in our territories were not U.S. citizens and therefore didn't have equal
rights; constitution didn't apply. "flag outrun constitution"
https://quizlet.com/4325252/apush-chapter-27-flash-cards-flash-cards/
(Related) Insular Cases
These were court cases dealing with islands/countries that had been recently annexed and
demanded the rights of a citizen. These Supreme Court cases decided that the Constitution
did not always follow the flag, thus denying the rights of a citizen to Puerto Ricans and
Filipinos.
https://quizlet.com/4325252/apush-chapter-27-flash-cards-flash-cards/
(Related) Insular Cases
These were court cases dealing with islands/countries that had been recently annexed and
demanded the rights of a citizen. These Supreme Court cases decided that the Constitution
did not always follow the flag, thus denying the rights of a citizen to Puerto Ricans and
Filipinos.
https://quizlet.com/4325252/apush-chapter-27-flash-cards-flash-cards/
Election of 1900
McKinley/TR as VP for Republicans; Bryan for Democrats; McKinley: no reason to dislike him
except maybe Dems and farmers but farmers buy sugar and sugar is cheaper now; in 1898, TR
becomes war hero and Platt wanted TR to "confer" with him but couldn't deal w/ him for 4
yrs; McKinley inaugurated in March and gets shot in September (1901)
https://quizlet.com/1871479/apush-ch-28-31-flash-cards/
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(Related) Election of 1900
The Republicans nominated William McKinley on a platform that advocated imperialism while
the Democrats chose Willima J. Bryan on a platform of free silver. During the election, the
Republicans professed tha free silver would end U.S. prosperity. McKinley won the election
with an overwhelming victory in the urban areas.
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(Related) Election of 1900
The Republicans nominated William McKinley on a platform that advocated imperialism while
the Democrats chose Willima J. Bryan on a platform of free silver. During the election, the
Republicans professed tha free silver would end U.S. prosperity. McKinley won the election
with an overwhelming victory in the urban areas.
https://quizlet.com/1871479/apush-ch-28-31-flash-cards/
(Related) 966. Election of 1900: candidates, issues
Republican, William McKinley defeated Democrate, Williams Bryan. The issue was imperialism.
https://quizlet.com/1871479/apush-ch-28-31-flash-cards/
Open Door Policy
Statement of U.S. foreign policy toward China. Issued by U.S. secretary of state John Hay
(1899), the statement reaffirmed the principle that all countries should have equal access
to any Chinese port open to trade.
https://quizlet.com/4227648/apush-vocabulary-chapter-28-flash-cards/
(Related) Open Door Policy
John Hay's clever diplomatic efforts to preserve Chinese territorial integrity and maintain
American access to China
https://quizlet.com/4227648/apush-vocabulary-chapter-28-flash-cards/
(Related) Open Door Policy
A policy that asked powerful and influential countries to respect Chinese rights and
promote fair trade with low tariffs. This policy was accepted by other countries and
prevented any country from creating a monopoly on Chinese trade.
https://quizlet.com/4227648/apush-vocabulary-chapter-28-flash-cards/
Boxer Rebellion
Also known as The Boxer Uprising, this was the popular peasant uprising in China (supported
nationally), that blamed foreign people and institutions for the loss of the traditional
Chinese way of life. "Boxers" were traditionally skilled fighters that attacked Westerners,
beginning with Christian missionaries.
https://quizlet.com/14751616/apush-enduring-vision-ids-chapter-22-flash-cards/
(Related) Boxer Rebellion
Fanatical Chinese insurgency against Christians and foreigners (occupation of Beijing);
defeated by an international force to which the U.S. contributed troops; further weakened
Chinese government
https://quizlet.com/14751616/apush-enduring-vision-ids-chapter-22-flash-cards/
(Related) Boxer Rebellion
- Boxers were group of Chinese revolutionaries that despised western intervention in ChinaResulted in deaths of thousands of converted Chinese Christians, missionaries, and foreign
legions
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(Related) Boxer Rebellion
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1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the
"foreign devils". The rebellion was ended by British troops
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(Related) Boxer Rebellion
In this uprising started by a superpatriotic Chinese group, over two hundred white
missionaries and other people were murdered. Several foreign diplomats were also besieged
in Beijing. 18,000 international troops descended and crushed the rebellion, including men
from Japan, Russia, Britain, France, Germany, and the US. The allied invaders angrily
assessed a Chinese indemnity of $333 million.
https://quizlet.com/14751616/apush-enduring-vision-ids-chapter-22-flash-cards/
Roosevelt Corollary
Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the
right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military
force.
https://quizlet.com/7129459/apush-chapter-27-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Roosevelt Corollary
addendum to the Monroe Doctrine, asserted right of the US to intervene and stabilize
economic affairs in Central America if they could not pay off their international debts
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(Related) Roosevelt Corollary
The Roosevelt Corollary was Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine. It stated
that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South and Central
America by using military force. DIPLOMATIC.
https://quizlet.com/7129459/apush-chapter-27-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Roosevelt Corollary
Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the
right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military
force
https://quizlet.com/7129459/apush-chapter-27-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Roosevelt Corollary
Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the
right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military
force
https://quizlet.com/7129459/apush-chapter-27-vocab-flash-cards/
Hay-Bunau Varilla Treaty
Agreement between the US and the revolutionary government of Panama granting America the
right to build a canal
https://quizlet.com/4435641/ch-27-apush-flash-cards/
What did TR accomplish at the 1905 Portsmouth Peace Conference?
Negotiated the end to the Russo-Japanese war, Russia recognized Japan's territorial gains,
Japan agreed to cease expansion, secretly U.S. made deal w/ Japan to ensure free trade for
the U.S. in the region.
https://quizlet.com/10888448/apush-chapter-21-flash-cards/
(Related) Portsmouth Peace Conference, 1905
formally ended the 1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War. It was signed on September 5, 1905 after
negotiations at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard near Portsmouth, New Hampshire in the United
States. TR mediated and left both sides unhappy
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Great White Fleet
1907-1909 - Roosevelt sent the Navy on a world tour to show the world the U.S. naval power.
Also to pressure Japan into the "Gentlemen's Agreement."
https://quizlet.com/1911148/apush-imperialism-flash-cards/
(Related) Great White Fleet
1907-1909 - Roosevelt sent the Navy on a world tour to show the world the U.S. naval power.
Also to pressure Japan into the "Gentlemen's Agreement."
https://quizlet.com/1911148/apush-imperialism-flash-cards/
(Related) Great White Fleet
1907-1909 - Roosevelt sent the Navy on a world tour to show the world the U.S. naval power.
Also to pressure Japan into the "Gentlemen's Agreement."
https://quizlet.com/1911148/apush-imperialism-flash-cards/
(Related) great white fleet
roosevelt was concerned about japans territorial expansion in Asia had congress upgrade
americas navy sent the fleet on a good will cruise to demonstrate american naval power
https://quizlet.com/1911148/apush-imperialism-flash-cards/
(Related) The Great White Fleet
A group of 16 gleaming white ships on a cruise around the world to display the nation's
naval power.
https://quizlet.com/1911148/apush-imperialism-flash-cards/
"Dollar Diplomacy"
Term used to describe the efforts of the US to further its foreign policy through use of
economic power by gaurenteeing loans to foreign countries
https://quizlet.com/1871479/apush-ch-28-31-flash-cards/
(Related) "Dollar Diplomacy"
term used to describe the effort of the United States to further its aims in Latin America
and East Asia through use of its economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign
countries.
https://quizlet.com/1871479/apush-ch-28-31-flash-cards/
(Related) Dollar Diplomacy
President William Howard Taft's foreign policy was called 'Dollar Diplomacy'. Taft sought
to address international problems by extending American investment overseas, believing that
such activity would both benefit the US economy and promote stability abroad.
https://quizlet.com/1871479/apush-ch-28-31-flash-cards/
(Related) "Dollar Diplomacy"
Term used to describe the efforts of the US to further its foreign policy through use of
economic power by gaurenteeing loans to foreign countries
https://quizlet.com/1871479/apush-ch-28-31-flash-cards/
(Related) 14. Dollar Diplomacy
This was a method of ensuring protection and peace between other countries and America by
investing money in foreign outlets developed by President Taft. By investing in foreign
countries, American could push its political and commercial interests. The US would loan
money to foreign countries in exchange for some form of financial control in the foreign
country. This policy would improve the relationship between the US and foreign countries as
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well as US trade. Philander Knox was a supporter of this. Taft used this policy
(successfully and unsuccessfully) in China, East Asia, and the Dominican Republican (among
others).
https://quizlet.com/1871479/apush-ch-28-31-flash-cards/
Henry Cabot Lodge
Henry Cabot Lodge was a Republican who disagreed with the Versailles Treaty, and who was
the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. He mostly disagreed with the
section that called for the League to protect a member who was being threatened.
https://quizlet.com/18018465/apush-chapter-29-30-flash-cards/
(Related) Henry cabot Lodge
Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he was a leader in the fight against
participation in the League of Nations
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(Related) Senate Rejection: Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, reservations
Lodge was against the League of Nations, so he packed the foreign relaations committee with
critics and was successful in convincing the Senate to reject the treaty
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(Related) Henry Cabot Lodge
Led a group of senators during Woodrow Wilson's presidency known as the "reservationists"
during the 1919 debate over the League of Nations. Did not like the idea.
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(Related) henry cabot lodge
wilsons great senatorial antagonist who fought to keep america out of the league of nations
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Moral Diplomacy
President Wilson's goals such as to condemn imperialism, spread democracy, and promote
peace., Policy was adopted to reject the approach of "dollar diplomacy". Rather than
focusing mainly on economic ties with other nations, Wilson's policy was designed to bring
right principles to the world, preserve peace, and extend to other peoples the blessings of
democracy.
https://www.coursehero.com/flashcards/616914/APUSH-Chapter-22/
(Related) Moral Diplomacy
President Wilson's policy of condemning imperialism, spreading democracy, and promoting
peace internationally.
https://www.coursehero.com/flashcards/616914/APUSH-Chapter-22/
(Related) Moral Diplomacy
Who: Woodrow WilsonWhat: taking a moral approach to foreign affairsWhen: 1912Where: America
and Foreign PolicyWhy: New way to handle foreign affairs
https://www.coursehero.com/flashcards/616914/APUSH-Chapter-22/
(Related) Moral Diplomacy
foreign policy proposed by President Wilson to condemn imperialism, spread democracy, and
promote peace
https://www.coursehero.com/flashcards/616914/APUSH-Chapter-22/
Pancho Villa
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Mexican revolutionary who killed many Americans in Mexico. The United States sent John J
Pershing to capture him but never did.
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(Related) Pancho Villa
was a combination of a bandit and a Robin Hood. He was a rival of President Carranza of
Mexico. He alluded Pershing and was never caught because Pershing was forced to go fight in
WWI.
https://quizlet.com/8337845/ap-us-history-chapter-29-flash-cards/
(Related) Pancho Villa
Carranza's rival Pancho Villa began stirring up trouble. Pancho Villa was something of a
Mexican Robin Hood. He was hated by some who considered him a thief and murderer; he was
loved by some who saw him as fighting for the "little man." Pancho Villa raided a train,
kidnapped 16 American mining engineers, and killed them. He and his men raided Columbus,
New Mexico and killed 19 more people. Wilson sent the Army, headed by Gen. John. J.
Pershing, after Pancho Villa. Pershing took a few thousand troops into Mexico, fought both
Carranza's and Villa's troops, but couldn't catch Pancho Villa. While hunting Villa, World
War I broke out and Pershing was recalled. (Villa would soon be murdered by a Mexican
rival.)
https://quizlet.com/8337845/ap-us-history-chapter-29-flash-cards/
(Related) Pancho Villa
He was initially with carranza when Huerta was in rula and then once Carranza came to rule
he became an enemy to Huerta as well. He killed 16 american engineers in Mexico and later
killed 19 americans in new mexico.
https://quizlet.com/8337845/ap-us-history-chapter-29-flash-cards/
Allied Powers
The Allied Powers consisted of France, Russia, and Great Britain during WWI. The alliance
was created in 1907 and was called the Triple Entente. DIPLOMATIC.
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(Related) Allied Powers
World War I alliance that included Britain, France, Russia, and later the United States and
Italy. They opposed the Central Powers.
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(Related) Allied Powers
Alliance of Great Britain, Soviet Union, United States, and France during World War II.
https://quizlet.com/11081845/wwii-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) Allied Powers
Great Britain, France, and Russia
https://quizlet.com/11081845/wwii-apush-flash-cards/
Triple Alliance/Central powers
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
https://quizlet.com/4334333/apush-chapter-29-flash-cards/
(Related) Central Powers
A military alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire in
WW1.
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(Related) Central Powers
During WWI, these countries included Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey.
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(Related) Central Powers
World War I alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire
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(Related) Central Powers
What is it: World War I alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman
EmpireWhat did it do: opposed France and Britain on the Western Front and against Russia on
the Eastern FrontWhen: 1914Where: Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman EmpireWhy
Important: the central powers fought in WWI against France, Britain, and Russia
https://quizlet.com/4334333/apush-chapter-29-flash-cards/
LUSITANIA
The Lusitania was a British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915.
128 Americans died. The unrestricted submarine warfare caused the U.S. to enter World War I
against the Germans.
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(Related) HMS Lusitania
This British liner was sunk in 1915, by German U-Boats, causing Wilson to issue a stern
warning to the Germans, telling them not to attack unarmed vessels "without warning".
https://quizlet.com/11323764/ap-us-history-chapter-22-world-war-i-1914-1918-flash-cards/
(Related) Lusitania
A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans
died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move
towards entering the war.
https://quizlet.com/11323764/ap-us-history-chapter-22-world-war-i-1914-1918-flash-cards/
(Related) Lusitania
British passenger liner sunk by a German U-boat, May 7, 1915, creating a diplomatic crisis
and public outrage at the loss of 128 Americans (roughly 10 percent of the total aboard);
Germany agreed to pay reparations, and the United States waited two more years to enter
World War I.
https://quizlet.com/11323764/ap-us-history-chapter-22-world-war-i-1914-1918-flash-cards/
(Related) Lusitania Crisis
May 7 1914, torpedoing and sinking of a British passenger liner, most passengers drowned
including 128 Americans, Wilson responded by sending "strict accountability" message to
Germany, WBJ resigned as Secretary of State
https://quizlet.com/11323764/ap-us-history-chapter-22-world-war-i-1914-1918-flash-cards/
Sussex pledge
which agreed not to sink passenger ships or merchant vessels without warning, so long as
the U.S. could get the British to stop their blockade.
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(Related) Sussex pledge
A promise to change the naval warfare policy by Germany to the US. Germany had instituted a
policy of intensified sub warfare, allowing armed merchant ships, but not passenger ships,
to be torpedoed without warning. Despite this restriction, a ferry, the Sussex, was
torpedoed without warning. It prompted Wilson to declare that if Germany were to continue
this practice, the US would declare war.
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(Related) Sussex pledge
A promise Germany made to America, after Wilson threatened to sever ties, to stop sinking
their ships without warning.
https://quizlet.com/830784/apush-voc22-flash-cards/
(Related) Sussex Pledge (1916)
A torpedo from a German submarine hit a french passenger liner, called the Sussex in march
1916. Wilson demanded the Germans refrain from attacking passenger ships. In this
statement, Germany said they would temporarily stop these attacks but might have to resume
in the future if the British continued to blockade German ports.
https://quizlet.com/830784/apush-voc22-flash-cards/
(Related) Sussex Pledge
this was given in response to the sinking of a French passenger ship, Sussex, in 1915, it
said that Germany promised that no attacks would be made on ships without warning. Germany
quickly realized that such a pledge undermined the purpose of a submarine (surprise
attack). They retracted the pledge and reverted back to unrestricted submarine warfare.
https://quizlet.com/830784/apush-voc22-flash-cards/
Election of 1916
In this election, main concern of voters was whether or not the United States would become
involved in World War I. Supreme Court Justice Charles E. Hughes and President Woodrow
Wilson ran against each other. Wilson won by an extremely shallow margin, running the
campaign slogan "He Kept Us Out Of War"
https://quizlet.com/20425238/apush-chapter-28-and-29-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Election of 1916
In this election, main concern of voters was whether or not the United States would become
involved in World War I. Supreme Court Justice Charles E. Hughes and President Woodrow
Wilson ran against each other. Wilson won by an extremely shallow margin, running the
campaign slogan "He Kept Us Out Of War"
https://quizlet.com/20425238/apush-chapter-28-and-29-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Election of 1916
In this election, main concern of voters was whether or not the United States would become
involved in World War I. Supreme Court Justice Charles E. Hughes and President Woodrow
Wilson ran against each other. Wilson won by an extremely shallow margin, running the
campaign slogan "He Kept Us Out Of War"
https://quizlet.com/20425238/apush-chapter-28-and-29-vocab-flash-cards/
Zimmermann Note
message that contained a German proposal to Mexico for an anti-American alliance
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(Related) Zimmermann Note (1917)
Secret German message to Mexico (intercepted by the US) which offered to return to Mexico
the lands it lost in the Mexican-American War.
https://quizlet.com/830784/apush-voc22-flash-cards/
(Related) Zimmermann note
German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmerman had secretly proposed a German-Mexican alliance
against the United States. When the note was intercepted and published in March 1917, it
caused an uproar that made some Americans more willing to enter the war.
https://quizlet.com/830784/apush-voc22-flash-cards/
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War Industries Board
President Wilson appointed Bernard Baruch to head the board in March of 1918 during WWI-intended to restore economic order- to make sure we were producing enough at home and
abroad--never had more than feeble formal powers--was disbanded a few days after the
armistice.
https://quizlet.com/4667010/apush-ch-22-kt-flash-cards/
(Related) War Industries Board
(1917) Headed by Bernard Baruch, this federal agency coordinated industrial production
during World War I, setting production quotas, allocating raw materials, and pushing
companies to increase efficiency and eliminate waste. Under the economic mobilization of
the War Industries Board, industrial production in the United States increased 20 percent
during the war. (751)
https://quizlet.com/4667010/apush-ch-22-kt-flash-cards/
(Related) War Industries Board
This was the name of the group created in 1917 by President Wilson which served as a
clearinghouse for industrial mobilization to support the war effort. This group was led by
Bernard Baruch.
https://quizlet.com/4667010/apush-ch-22-kt-flash-cards/
(Related) War Industries Board (WIB)
the central agency for directing military production, established in July 1917; after a
fumbling start that showed the limits of voluntarism, the Wilson administration reorganized
the board under the direction of Bernard Baruch
https://quizlet.com/4667010/apush-ch-22-kt-flash-cards/
(Related) War Industries Board
Created in July 1917, the War Industries Board controlled raw materials, production,
prices, and labor relations It was intended to restore economic order and to make sure the
United States was producing enough at home and abroad.
https://quizlet.com/4667010/apush-ch-22-kt-flash-cards/
Food Administration
Herbert Hoover was the future president and oversaw coordination of agricultural production
and voluntary campaigns to promote food conservation
https://quizlet.com/11772114/apush-world-war-i-flash-cards/
(Related) Food Administration
An administration created to feed wartime America and its allies. Herbert Hoover, a Quakerhumanitarian, was chosen as the leader, mostly because of his already existent title of
"hero" that he acquired leading a massive charitable drive to feed the starving people of
war-racked Belgium. This was the most successful of the wartime administrations.
https://quizlet.com/11772114/apush-world-war-i-flash-cards/
(Related) Food Administration
This government agency was headed by Herbert Hoover and was established to increase the
production of food and to ration food for the military.
https://quizlet.com/11772114/apush-world-war-i-flash-cards/
(Related) Food Administration
It was a government organization created to stir up a patriotic spirit which encouraged
people to voluntarily sacrifice some of their own goods for the war. It helped the war
effort by helping create a food surplus to feed America and its allies.
https://quizlet.com/11772114/apush-world-war-i-flash-cards/
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National War Labor Board
This was the name of the group that supported the war effort and acted a kind of Supreme
Court for labor and also supported the right for war workers to accept the eight hour work
day.
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(Related) National War Labor Board
The board was a composition of representatives from business and labor designed to
arbitrate disputes between workers and employers. It settled any possible labor
difficulties that might hamper the war efforts.
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(Related) National War Labor Board
The board was a composition of representatives from business and labor designed to
arbitrate disputes between workers and employers. It settled any possible labor
difficulties that might hamper the war efforts.
https://quizlet.com/101832873/apush-chapter-30-flash-cards/
(Related) National War Labor Board
(1918) This wartime agency was chaired by former President Taft and aimed to prevent labor
disputes by encouraging high wages and an eight-hour day. While granting some concessions
to labor, it stopped short of supporting labor's most important demand: a government
guarantee of the right to organize into unions. (751)
https://quizlet.com/101832873/apush-chapter-30-flash-cards/
(Related) 8. Match each civilian administrator below with the World War I mobilization
agency that he directed. A. George Creel B. Herbert Hoover C. Bernard Baruch D. William H.
Taft 1. War Industries Board 2. Committee on Public Information 3. Food Administration 4.
National War Labor Board
d)A-2 George Creel - Committee on Public Information B-3 Herbert Hoover - Food
Administration C-1 Bernard Baruch - War Industries Board D-4 William H. Taft - National War
Labor Board
https://quizlet.com/101832873/apush-chapter-30-flash-cards/
Committee on Public Information (CPI)/George Creel
CPI promoted public support for the war; this government propaganda agency, headed by
Creel, attracted progressive reformers and muckraking journalists - educating citizens
about democracy, promoting national unity, assimilating immigrants, and breaking down the
isolation of rural life - CPI acted as a nationalizing force by promoting the development
of a common ideology
https://quizlet.com/5030625/apush-world-war-i-1910-1920-flash-cards/
(Related) Committee on Public Information
It was headed by George Creel. The purpose of this committee was to mobilize people's minds
for war, both in America and abroad. Tried to get the entire U.S. public to support U.S.
involvement in WWI. Creel's organization, employed some 150,000 workers at home and
oversees. He proved that words were indeed weapons.
https://quizlet.com/5030625/apush-world-war-i-1910-1920-flash-cards/
(Related) Committee on Public Information
(1917) A government office during World War I known popularly as the Creel Committee for
its Chairman George Creel, it was dedicated to winning everyday Americans' support for the
war effort. It regularly distributed pro-war propaganda and sent out an army of "fourminute men" to rally crowds and deliver "patriotic pep". (748)
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(Related) Committee on Public Information
was a propaganda committee that built support for the war effort in Europe among Americans.
It depicted Germans and other enemies on bad terms, and served to censor the press. The
committee helped spur up the anti-German feeling in America as well as motivated Americans
to support war against Germany once declared.
https://quizlet.com/5030625/apush-world-war-i-1910-1920-flash-cards/
Sedition Act of 1918
Along with the Espionage Act, it reflected current fears about Germans and anti-war
Americans.
https://quizlet.com/10318206/apush-ch-30-flash-cards/
(Related) Sedition Act (1918)
Prohibited anyone from making "disloyal" or "abusive" remarks about the US government.
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(Related) Sedition Act (1918)
Added to Espionage Act, this act deemed "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive
language" about the American form of government, the Constitution, the flag, or the armed
forces as criminal and worthy of prosecution-- the reason why Eugene V. Debs was
imprisoned.
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(Related) Sedition Act (1918)
Added to Espionage Act, this act deemed "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive
language" about the American form of government, the Constitution, the flag, or the armed
forces as criminal and worthy of prosecution-- the reason why Eugene V. Debs was
imprisoned.
https://quizlet.com/10318206/apush-ch-30-flash-cards/
(Related) Sedition Act
Made it a crime to criticize the government or government officials. Opponents claimed that
it violated citizens' rights to freedom of speech and freedom of the press, gauranteed by
the First Amednment.
https://quizlet.com/10318206/apush-ch-30-flash-cards/
(Related) Espionage and Sedition Acts
two laws, enacted in 1917 and 1918, that imposed harsh penalties on anyone interfering with
or speaking against U.S. participation in WWI
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espionage act of 1917
United States federal law passed shortly after entering World War I, on June 15, 1917,
which made it a crime for a person to convey information with intent to interfere with the
operation or success of the armed forces of the United States or to promote the success of
its enemies. The legislation was passed at the urging of President Woodrow Wilson, who
feared any widespread dissent in time of war, thinking that it constituted a real threat to
an American victory.
https://quizlet.com/62077217/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-30-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Espionage Act (1918)
Federal law passed shortly after entrance into WWI, made it a crime for a person to mail or
print information that inspired dissent against the American war effort or promoted its
enemies.
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(Related) Espionage Act (1917)
Provided for the imprisonment of up to 20 years for persons who either tried to incite
rebellion in the armed forces or obstruct the operations of the draft.
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(Related) Espionage Act (1917)
Law which punished people for aiding the enemy or refusing military duty during World War 1
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(Related) Espionage Act (1917)
Law which punished people for aiding the enemy or refusing military duty during World War 1
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SCHENCK V. UNITED STATES (1918)
Schenck was the General Secretary of Philadelphia's Socialist Party. When men were getting
drafted, he went out and hand out flyers convincing men that the draft is like "involuntary
servitude" by the THIRTEENTH AMENDMENT (outlawed slavery). Also, the war was motivated by
the capitalists. He urged "Do not submit to intimidation" and advised the men to petition
for repeal the Conscription Act. Schenck was charged for violating the ESPIONAGE ACT by
attempting to cause insubordination in the military and the obstruct recruitment. Schenck
argue that Act's Section 3 caused "CHILLING EFFECT" (be too cautious).
https://quizlet.com/5747860/apush-final-3-flash-cards/
(Related) Schenck v. United States
Justice Holmes' claim that Congress could restrict speech if the words "are used in such
circumstances and are of such a nature as to create and clear and present danger" when
Schenck was convicted for mailing pamphlets urging potential army inductees to resist
conscription.
https://quizlet.com/5747860/apush-final-3-flash-cards/
(Related) Schenck v. United States
Supreme court decides that any actions taken that present a "clear and present danger" to
the public or government isn't allowed, this can limit free speech.
https://quizlet.com/5747860/apush-final-3-flash-cards/
Selective Service Act
This 1917 law provided for the registration of all American men between the ages of 21 and
30 for a military draft. By the end of WWI, 24.2 million had registered; 2.8 million had
been inducted into the army. Age limit was later changed to 18 to 45.
https://quizlet.com/28103080/apush-chapter-23-flash-cards/
(Related) Selective Service Act
Authorized President Woodrow Wilson to raise an infantry force from the general population
of no more than four divisions, and it created the Selective Service System.
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(Related) Selective Service Act
Empowered the administration to draft men over the age of 18 regardless of wealth, ethnic
background, or social standing. By the end of the war, local Selective Sevice boards had
registered nearly 24 million men and drafted 3 million of them (another 2 million
volunteered for service).
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(Related) Selective Service Act (1917)
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This Act required all men between 21-30 years to register for the military. Each received a
number, and draftees were chosen like a lottery. In contrast to the Union's civil war
conscription, there was no way for men to "opt out" of this draft.
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"Great Migration"
During WWI, southern Blacks began to move north, where there were more jobs and less
racism. The increased number of Blacks led to a White backlash and conditions like Southern
racism.
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(Related) The Great Migration
The migration of thousands of African-Americans from the South to the North. African
Americans were looking to escape the problems of racism in the South and felt they could
seek out better jobs and an overall better life in the North.
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(Related) The Great Migration
The movement of African Americans from the South to the industrial centers of the Northeast
and the Midwest. Causes for migration included decreasing cotton prices, the lack of
immigrant workers in the North, increased manufacturing as a result of the war, and the
strengthening of the KKK. Migration led to higher wages, more educational opportunities,
and better standards of life for some blacks.
https://quizlet.com/2003365/apush-1607-1763-flash-cards/
(Related) Great Migration
movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between
1914 and 1920
https://quizlet.com/2003365/apush-1607-1763-flash-cards/
Treaty of Versailles
Every nation that had fought on the Allied side in the war was represented; 1) Germany was
disarmed and stripped of its colonies in Asia and Africa. it was also forced to admit guilt
for the war, accept French occupation of the Rhineland for 15 years, and pay a huge sum of
money in reparations to GB and France 2) Territories once controlled by Germany, AustriaHungary, and Russia were taken by the Allies, independence was granted to Estonia, Latvia,
Lithuania, Finland, and Poland, and the new nations of Czechoslavakia and Yugoslavia were
established. 3) Signers of the treaty would join an international peacekeeping
organization, the League of Nations. This league called on each member nation to stand
ready to protect the independence and territorial integrity of other nations.
https://quizlet.com/62077217/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-30-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Treaty of Versailles
was created to solve problems made by World War I. Germany was forced to accept the treaty.
It was composed of only four of the original points made by President Woodrow Wilson. The
treaty punished Germany and did nothing to stop the threat of future wars. It maintained
the pre-war power structure.
https://quizlet.com/62077217/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-30-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Treaty of Versailles
This treaty was created to solve problems made by World War I. Germany was forced to accept
the treaty. It was composed of only four of the original points made by President Woodrow
Wilson. The treaty punished Germany and did nothing to stop the threat of future wars. It
maintained the pre-war power structure.
https://quizlet.com/62077217/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-30-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Treaty of Versailles (1919)
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Treaty that ended World War I; it was much harder on Germany than Wilson wanted but not as
punitive as France and England desired. It was harsh enough, however, to set stage for
Hitler's rise of power in Germany in 1930s.
https://quizlet.com/62077217/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-30-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Impact of the treaty of Versailles
Created by the leaders victorious allies Nations: France, Britain, US, and signed by
Germany to help stop WWI. The treaty 1)stripped Germany of all Army, Navy, Airforce. 2)
Germany had to repair war damages(33 billion) 3) Germany had to acknowledge guilt for
causing WWI 4) Germany could not manufacture any weapons.
https://quizlet.com/62077217/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-30-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Treaty of Versailles (1919)
Treaty that ended World War I; it was much harder on Germany than Wilson wanted but not as
punitive as France and England desired. It was harsh enough, however, to set stage for
Hitler's rise of power in Germany in 1930s.
https://quizlet.com/62077217/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-30-vocab-flash-cards/
League of Nations
In 1919, after the war, Wilson proposed it in the 14th point of his peace plan. He
envisioned it as an Assembly with seats for all nations and a special council for the great
powers. The US voted not to join the League because in doing so, it would have taken away
our self-determination, and Congress could not decide whether to go to war or not.
https://quizlet.com/5350618/apush-chapter-36-key-terms-and-people-flash-cards/
(Related) League of Nations
pt 14, International organization founded in 1919 to promote world peace and cooperation
but greatly weakened by the refusal of the United States to join. It proved ineffectual in
stopping aggression by Italy, Japan, and Germany in the 1930s. Wilson's proposed
international body that constituted the key provision of the Versailles Treaty
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(Related) League of Nations (1919)
After the war, Wilson proposed the League in the 14th point of his peace plan. He
envisioned it as an Assembly with seats for all nations and a special council for the great
powers. The US voted not to join the League because in doing so, it would have taken away
our self-determination, and Congress could not decide whether to go to war or not.
https://quizlet.com/5350618/apush-chapter-36-key-terms-and-people-flash-cards/
(Related) League of Nations
The precursor to the United Nations, this was a proposed union of the world powers after
World War I; the brainchild of Wilson, who fought tooth-and-nail for its passage.
https://quizlet.com/5350618/apush-chapter-36-key-terms-and-people-flash-cards/
Election of 1920
Warren G. Harding (R) vs James Cox (D) 2) issues were WW I; the post-war economy and the
League of Nations 3) Harding preached "Normalcy"
https://quizlet.com/65650436/apush-the-roaring-20s-flash-cards/
(Related) Election of 1920
Election between Republican Warren Harding, Democrat James M. Cox and Socialist Eugene V.
Debs; Harding won with his "return to normalcy" campaign
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Election of 1920
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Warren G. Harding (R) vs James Cox (D) 2) issues were WW I; the post-war economy and the
League of Nations 3) Harding preached "Normalcy"
https://quizlet.com/65650436/apush-the-roaring-20s-flash-cards/
(Related) Election of 1920
Election between Republican Warren Harding, Democrat James M. Cox and Socialist Eugene V.
Debs; Harding won with his "return to normalcy" campaign
https://quizlet.com/65650436/apush-the-roaring-20s-flash-cards/
red scare
erupted in the early 1920's. The American public was scared that communism would come into
the US. Left-winged supporters were suspected. This fear of communism helped businessman
who used it to stop labor strikes.
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(Related) Red Scare
Shortly after the end of World War I and the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, the Red Scare
took hold in the United States. A nationwide fear of communists, socialists, anarchists,
and other dissidents suddenly grabbed the American psyche in 1919 following a series of
anarchist bombings. The nation was gripped in fear. Innocent people were jailed for
expressing their views, civil liberties were ignored, and many Americans feared that a
Bolshevik-style revolution was at hand. Then, in the early 1920s, the fear seemed to
dissipate just as quickly as it had begun, and the Red Scare was over.
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(Related) Red scare
Most instense outbreak of national alarm, began in 1919. Success of communists in Russia,
American radicals embracing communism followed by a series of mail bombings frightened
Americans. Did not last long as some Americans came to their senses.
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(Related) Red Scare
a period of general fear of communists, A. Mitchell Palmer convicted many during red scare,
general chaos and fear of Russians
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(Related) (First) Red Scare -> Palmer Raids
Part of the Red Scare, these were measures to hunt out political radicals and immigrants
who were potential threats to American security; led to the arrest of nearly 5,500 people
and the deportation of nearly 400.
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(Related) (Second) Red Scare - McCarthyism
Belief that New Deal policies were communistic; Truman's Federal Employee Loyalty Program
fueled hysteria & intolerance towards communist sympathizers
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Sacco and Vanzetti
Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were convicted of murdering a Massachusetts paymaster
and his guard; they were Italians, atheists, anarchists, draft dodgers and the courts may
have been prejudiced against them
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(Related) Sacco and Vanzetti
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were two italian born american laborers and anarchists who were tired convicted and
executed via electrocution on Aug 3 1927 in Ma for the 1920 armed robbery. it is believed
they had nothing to do with the crime
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(Related) 1151. Sacco and Vanzetti case
Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were Italian immigrants charged with murdering a guard
and robbing a shoe factory in Braintree, Mass. The trial lasted from 1920-1927. Convicted
on circumstantial evidence, many believed they had been framed for the crime because of
their anarchist and pro-union activities.
https://quizlet.com/39106281/apush-chapter-20-flash-cards/
Emergency Quota Act of 1921
newcomers from Europe were restricted at any year to a quota, which was set at 3% of the
people of their nationality who lived in the U.S. in 1910.
https://quizlet.com/10476289/apush-chapter-23-terms-flash-cards/
(Related) Emergency Quota Act of 1921
Act restricting newcomers from Europe in any given year to 3% of their nationality who had
been living in the United States in 1910
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Immigration Act of 1924
immigration of Europeans changed from 3 percent to 2 percent and the yer changed from 1910
to 1890, which was favorable to northern Europeans than to southern and eastern; absolutely
against Japanese
https://quizlet.com/1998231/apush-ch-31-and-32-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Immigration Act of 1924
Cut quotas for foreigners from 3% to 2%. Varying countries were only allowed to send a
certain number of its citizens to America each year
https://quizlet.com/1998231/apush-ch-31-and-32-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Immigration Act of 1924/Johnson-Reed Act
Also known as the Johnson-Reed Act. Federal law limiting the number of immigrants that
could be admitted from any country to 2% of the amount of people from that country who were
already living in the U.S. as of the census of 1890.
https://quizlet.com/1998231/apush-ch-31-and-32-vocab-flash-cards/
Charles Lindbergh
shocking the nation, and this event led Congress to the so-called Lindbergh Law, which
allowed the death penalty to certain cases of interstate abduction.
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(Related) Charles Lindbergh
became the first person to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean when he did it in his Spirit
of St. Louis, going from New York to Paris.
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(Related) Charles Lindbergh
United States aviator who in 1927 made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic
Ocean (1902-1974); isolationist orator after murder of his infant son
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(Related) Charles Lindbergh
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an American aviator, engineer , and Pulitzer Prize winner. He was famous for flying solo
across the Atlantic, paving the way for future aviational development.
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(Related) Charles Lindbergh
the first person to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean in the Spirit of St. Louis, from NY
to Paris
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(Related) Charles Lindbergh
United States aviator who in 1927 made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic
Ocean (1902-1974).
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Ku Klux Klan - (Cultural)
The KKK was a group of mostly Southerners who were extremely racist against African
Americans, and disliked all other cultures and races. They originated in Tennessee in 1865.
General Forrest was in charge of this group. The members of this group dominated the
democratic party. They also released a campaign that terrified the republicans. The Ku Klux
Klan went around blackmailing many republican politicians and burned black schools and
churches.
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(Related) Ku Klux Klan
A secret organization in the southern U.S., active for several years after the Civil War,
which aimed to suppress the newly acquired powers of blacks and to oppose carpetbaggers
from the North, and which was responsible for many lawless and violent proceedings.
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(Related) Ku Klux Klan
devoted to terrorizing and intimidating African Americans and their white Republican
allies. Beat and murdered freedpeople and intimidated voters and silenced political
activists
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(Related) Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871
broke down its power temporarily in parts of former confederacy. No serious effort was made
to stop the KKK in the black belt
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(Related) Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871
made violent infringement of civil and political rights a federal crime punishable by the
national govn't
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(Related) ku klux klan
major rebirth of the kkk in 1920s. (mainly b/c they were unhappy w/ the changing of
American culture.) the "new" klan was anti-.. foreign, catholic, black, jewish, pacifist,
cotlegger, gambling, communist, adultry, birth control, internationalist, and
evolutionist.in 1920s membership far surpessed that of the mid 1850s
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(Related) Ku Klux Klan
secret domestic militant organizations in the United States, originating in the southern
states and eventually having national scope, that are best known for advocating white
supremacy and acting as terrorists while hidden behind conical hats, masks and white robes.
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The KKK has a record of terrorism,[2] violence, and lynching to intimidate, murder, and
oppress African Americans, Jews and other minorities and to intimidate and oppose Roman
Catholics and labor unions.
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Equal Rights Amendment
Supported by the National Organization for Women, this amendment would prevent all genderbased discrimination practices. However, it never passed the ratification process.
https://quizlet.com/75242924/chapter-39-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) Equal Rights Amendment
constitutional amendment passed by Congress but never ratified that would have banned
discrimination on the basis of gender
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(Related) Equal Rights Amendment
Supported by the National Organization for Women, the Equal Rights Amendment, first
proposed in 1923, would prevent all gender-based discrimination practices. In the 1970s,
the House and Senate passed the amendment and sent it to the states for ratification. The
amendment failed to be approved by three-fourths of the states and so was never added
https://quizlet.com/75242924/chapter-39-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
declared full constitutional equality for women. Although it passed both houses of Congress
in 1972, a concerted grassroots campaign by anti-feminists led by Phyllis Schlafly
persuaded enough state legislatures to vote against ratification. The amendment failed to
become part of the Constitution.
https://quizlet.com/75242924/chapter-39-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
proposed amendment to the U.S. constitution passed by Congress and submitted to the states
for ratification in 1971; outlawing discrimination based on gender, it was at first seen as
a great victory by women's-rights groups. The amendment fell 3 states short of the 38
required for ratification. However, many states have adopted similar amendments to their
state constitutions
https://quizlet.com/75242924/chapter-39-apush-flash-cards/
Flappers
carefree young women with short, "bobbed" hair, heavy makeup, and short skirts. The flapper
symbolized the new "liberated" woman of the 1920s. Many people saw the bold, boyish look
and shocking behavior of flappers as a sign of changing morals. Though hardly typical of
American women, the flapper image reinforced the idea that women now had more freedom.
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(Related) vamps/flappers
The dynamic 1920's revealed women notorious for their risky attire and dance styles.
Referred to as "wild abandons," these girls exemplified the new sexually frank generation
(flapper).
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(Related) flappers
Carefree young women of the 1920s that behaved and dressed in a radical fashion
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(Related) flappers
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carefree young women with short, "bobbed" hair, heavy makeup, and short skirts. The flapper
symbolized the new "liberated" woman of the 1920s. Many people saw the bold, boyish look
and shocking behavior of flappers as a sign of changing morals. Though hardly typical of
American women, the flapper image reinforced the idea that women now had more freedom.
https://quizlet.com/19139225/apush-chapter-31-flash-cards/
Harlem Renaissance
a flowering of African American culture in the 1920s when New York City's Harlem became an
intellectual and cultural capital for African Americans; instilled interest in African
American culture and pride in being an African American.
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(Related) Harlem Renaissance
the flourishing of African-American literature and art in the 1920's centered in Harlem
neighborhood of NYC; Prominent figures: Langston Hughes, Claude McKay, W.E.B. DuBois, Bessy
Smith
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(Related) Harlem Renaissance
A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature
flourished
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(Related) Harlem Renaissance
black artistic movement in New York City in the 1920s, when writers, poets, painters, and
musicians came together to express feelings and experiences, especially about the
injustices of Jim Crow; leading figures of the movement included Countee Cullen, Claude
McKay, Duke Ellington, Zora Neale Hurston, and Langston Hughes.
https://quizlet.com/19139225/apush-chapter-31-flash-cards/
Marcus Garvey
a "new negro" who created the Universal Negro Improvement Association (which attracted
thousands of members), promoted the "Back to Africa" movement, organized black businesses
and established a corps of Black Cross nurses
https://quizlet.com/980708/apush-chapter-23-vocabulary-flash-cards/
(Related) Marcus Garvey
leader of the UNIA, urged blacks to return to Africa because, he reasoned, blacks would
never be treated justly in countries ruled by whites
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(Related) Marcus Garvey
Harlem political leader,many poor urban African Americans turned to this powerful leader in
the 1920s. He urged black economic cooperation and helped African Americans start
businesses. He founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated mass
migration of African Americans back to Africa. his Universal Negro Improvement Association
ran into financial trouble, however. He was eventually arrested for mail fraud and deported
to his native Jamaica in 1927.
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(Related) Marcus Garvey
head of the Universal Negro Improvement Association; urged black economic cooperation and
founded a chain of UNIA grocery stores and other business
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(Related) Marcus Garvey
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A publisher, journalist, entrepreneur, Black Nationalist, Pan-Africanist, and orator.
Marcus Garvey was founder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African
Communities League (UNIA-ACL).
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Scopes Trial
1925- a highly publicized trial where John Thomas Scopes violated a Tennessee state law by
teaching evolution in high school. Scopes was prosecuted by William Jennings Bryan and
defended by Clarence Darrow; Scopes was convicted but the verdict was later. Displayed the
fundamentalism prevalent in rural areas at the time
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(Related) Scopes Trial
A 24 year old Biology teacher in Dayton, Tennessee agreed to teach evolution with the
protection of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) which was illegal in 1925 in
Tennessee. ACLU sent Clarence Darrow to defend the teacher against William Jennings Bryan
as the prosecutor. Forbidden to use scientific facts during this trial, Darrow made Bryan's
defenses of biblical truths during cross-examination foolish and slyly made Bryan admit the
possibility that not all religious dogma was subject to one strict interpretation.
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(Related) Scopes Trial
A highly publicized trial in 1925 in which a teacher violated a Tennessee state law by
teaching evolution in high school. In the trial, William Jennings Bryan argued on the side
of fundamentalism, while Clarence Darrow argued for evolution.
https://quizlet.com/20400718/apush-1920-1929-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Scopes Trial
1925. john scopes was a high school biology teacher in dayton, Tennessee, he was occused of
violating tennessee law by teaching the theory of evolution to his students. some religious
leaders rejected evolution, saying it denied the word of the Bible. a number of states,
including tennessee, passed laws that banned the teaching of Darwin's theory. scopes wanted
to challenge the law, so he announced that he taught evolution. the trial became a national
sensation. the prosecutor was william jennings bryan, who had run for president 3 times.
the defense attorney was clarence darrow, a famous chicago criminal defense lawyer. the
trial seemed to pit modern, urban americans against traditional, rural americans. in the
end, scopes was conviced and lost his job. laws against teaching evolution remained but
were rarely enforced.
https://quizlet.com/20400718/apush-1920-1929-vocab-flash-cards/
Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928
representatives of 62 nations signed a pact in 1928 (aka Pact of Paris) to outlaw war. It
was initiated by the French foreign minister Aristides Briand . Briand wanted an agreement
whereby 2 countries would never go to war against each other as a ploy to draw the US into
a French security system. It would mean that if France ever violated the US's neutral
shipping rights, the US would not be able to declare war. Kellogg (the US representative)
turned the tables by having 62 nations sign the pact. They reserved "self defense" as an
escape hatch
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(Related) Kellogg-Briand Pact
the 1928 treaty which outlawed war as an instrument of national policy
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(Related) Kellogg-Briand Pact
"Toothless international agreement of 1928 that pledged nations to outlaw war." Agreement
also known as the Pact of Paris; Coolidge's Secretary of state and the French foreign
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minister signed it in 1928. It was a pledge to forswear war as an instrument of national
policy. It was ultimately ratified by sixty-two nations.
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(Related) Kellogg-Briand Pact 1928
Pact of Paris signed with the French Ministry and it ratified by 62 nations. -- made war
illegal as a tool of national policy, allowing only defensive war. The Treaty was generally
believed to be useless.Defensive wars were still permitted; causing one to wonder what
scheming aggressor could not make an excuse of self-defense.
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(Related) Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)
Pact of Paris signed by 62 nations agreeing to use war only for defense. BAD: gave the
world a false sense of security; virtually useless b/c anyone could come up with a reason
for self-defense
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Teapot Dome Scandal
a bribery incident which took place in the United States in 1922-1923, during the
administration of President Warren G. Harding. Secretary of the Interior Albert B. Fall
leased Navy petroleum reserves at Teapot Dome to private oil companies, without competitive
bidding, at low rates. In 1922 and 1923, the leases became the subject of a sensational
investigation. Fall was later convicted of accepting bribes from the oil companies
https://quizlet.com/4392826/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-32-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Teapot Dome Scandal
1921, Scandal during the Harding administration involving the granting of oil-drilling
rights on government land in return for money. Became a symbol of the scandals that occured
when Harding was president.
https://quizlet.com/4392826/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-32-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Teapot Dome Scandal
symbol of government corruption; government oil reserves were secretly leased to oil
companies in exchange for financial compensation
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(Related) Teapot Dome Scandal (1923)
A horrible political scandal involving the private bribery of Secretary of the Interior
Albert B. Fall in exchange for government oileries. Up to that point, it was considered the
worst political scandal in American History.
https://quizlet.com/4392826/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-32-vocab-flash-cards/
Dawes Plan
A plan to revive the German economy, the United States loans Germany money which then can
pay reparations to England and France, who can then pay back their loans from the U.S.
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(Related) Dawes Plan
Charles Dawes- rescheduled German reparation payments & opened the way for further American
private loans to Germany
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(Related) The Dawes
Established a cycle
US banks would lend
and France. Britain
Plan
of payments flowing from the US to Germany and from Germany to Allies.
Germany huge sums to rebuild its economy and pay reparations to Britain
and France would use the reparation money to pay their war debts to US,
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(Related) Dawes Plan (1924)
Negotiated by Charles Dawes, it rescheduled German reparations payments and opened the way
for further American private loans to Germay. United States bankers loaned money to
Germany, Germany paid reparations to France and Britain, and the Allies paid war debts to
the United States.
https://quizlet.com/22152411/apush-ch-25-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Dawes Plan of 1924
American-sponsored arrangement for rescheduling German reparations payments that only
temporarily eased the international debt tangle of the 1920s
https://quizlet.com/22152411/apush-ch-25-vocab-flash-cards/
Black Tuesday
October 29, 1929, It was the day that the New York Stock Exchange crashed. This was a
result because of inflated stock prices, they were too costly and much higher than thier
worth. Therefure their worth plummeted, resulting in people loosing their money. However,
many people had borrowed money to hold a high-priced stock, so they ended up bankrupt. The
whole purchusing items on credit was a serious culprit in causing the crash. Black Tuesday
marked the beginning of the Great Depression, a period of economic hardship in the United
States lasting from 1929 to 1939.
https://quizlet.com/20932574/chapter-31-and-chapter-32-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) "Black Tuesday"
October 29, 1929; date of the worst stock-market crash in American history and beginning of
the Great Depression.
https://quizlet.com/20932574/chapter-31-and-chapter-32-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) Black Tuesday
This is the name given to October 29, 1929. This date signaled a selling frenzy on Wall
Street--days before stock prices had plunged to desperate levels. Investors were willing to
sell their shares for pennies on the dollar or were simply holding on to the worthless
certificates.
https://quizlet.com/20932574/chapter-31-and-chapter-32-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) Oct. 29, 1929 ("Black Tuesday")
bottom fell out of the stock market. people panicked and tried to sell stocks which made
prices fall even lower. 16.4 million shares were dumped and 1 million shares couldn't find
buyers. People who used credit were stuck. Many lost life savings.
https://quizlet.com/20932574/chapter-31-and-chapter-32-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) "Black Tuesday"
October 29, 1929: the day the stock market failed, causing the market to remain depressed
for over four years. In a way the beginning of the Great Depression.
https://quizlet.com/20932574/chapter-31-and-chapter-32-apush-flash-cards/
Hoovervilles
many families lost their homes because they could not pay their mortgages. These people had
no choice but to seek alternative forms of shelter. Hoovervilles, named after President
Hoover, who was blamed for the problems that led to the depression, sprung up throughout
the United States.
https://quizlet.com/21209692/apush-ch23-flash-cards/
(Related) Hoovervilles
Term for shantytowns constructed of scavenged materials by those left desperate and
homeless by the Great Depression.
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https://quizlet.com/21209692/apush-ch23-flash-cards/
(Related) Hoovervilles
many families lost their homes because they could not pay their mortgages. These people had
no choice but to seek alternative forms of shelter. Hoovervilles, named after President
Hoover, who was blamed for the problems that led to the depression, sprung up throughout
the United States.
https://quizlet.com/21209692/apush-ch23-flash-cards/
(Related) Hoovervilles
Shanty towns that the unemployed built in the cities during the early years of the
Depression; the name given to them shows that thte people blamed Hoover directly for the
Depression.
https://quizlet.com/21209692/apush-ch23-flash-cards/
(Related) Hoovervilles
shanty-towns that housed many who had lost everything. Shelters were built of old boxes and
other discards.
https://quizlet.com/21209692/apush-ch23-flash-cards/
Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)
"Hoover-sponsored federal agency that provided loans to hard-pressed banks and businesses
after 1932."
https://quizlet.com/19778619/apush-ch-32-flash-cards/
(Related) Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) (1932)
A government lending agency established under the Hoover administration in order to assist
insurance companies, banks, agricultural organizations, railroads, and local governments.
It was a precursor to later agencies that grew out of the New Deal and symbolized a
recognition by the Republicans that some federal action was required to address the Great
Depression.
https://quizlet.com/19778619/apush-ch-32-flash-cards/
bonus army
A group of almost 20,000 World War I veterans who were hard-hit victims of the depression,
who wanted what the government owed them for their services and "saving" democracy. They
marched to Washington and set up public camps and erected shacks on vacant lots. They tried
to intimidate Congress into paying them, but Hoover had them removed by the army, which
shed a negative light on Hoover.
https://quizlet.com/2158731/ap-us-history-ch-36-flash-cards/
(Related) Bonus Army
Group of WWI vets. that marched to D.C. in 1932 to demand the immediate payment of their
goverment war bonuses in cash
https://quizlet.com/2158731/ap-us-history-ch-36-flash-cards/
(Related) Bonus Army
A group of WWI veterans who were supposed to be given a "bonus" from the government for
their services. In 1932 the deadline for the veterans was pushed back by the government
thus causing the group to march onto Washington to demand their money. Excessive force was
used to disband these protesters, and because they were veterans and heroes of this
country, Hoover's popularity plummeted because of it.
https://quizlet.com/2158731/ap-us-history-ch-36-flash-cards/
(Related) Bonus Army
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"Encampment of unemployed veterans who were driven out of Washington by General Douglas
MacArthur's forces in 1932."
https://quizlet.com/2158731/ap-us-history-ch-36-flash-cards/
(Related) Bonus Army
This group of World War I veterans marched on Washington in 1932 to demand early release of
bonuses promised by Congress. They set up a makeshift encampment around the Capitol.
Eventually the group was joined by thousands more veterans and their families. Demands were
not met, and a clash ensued with police that resulted in the deaths of two marchers.
President Hoover called in the US Army to quash the riot, which used tear gas and tanks on
the unarmed protesters. The Army burned the encampment, driving the veterans from
Washington, D.C.
https://quizlet.com/2158731/ap-us-history-ch-36-flash-cards/
Civilian conservation Corps (CCC) 1933
employed about 3 million men (between 18-25) to work on projects that benefited the public,
planting trees to reforest areas, building levees for flood control, and improving national
parks, etc. Most pop form of legislation. Men only keep 20-25% of $, rest sent back to
family.
https://quizlet.com/20633236/apush-new-deal-acts-flash-cards/
(Related) Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
New Deal Program set up to help put the unemployed back to work and to help the environment
- built bridges, planted trees, etc. Helped about 3 million people (1939)
https://quizlet.com/20633236/apush-new-deal-acts-flash-cards/
(Related) Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
public work relief program for unemployed, unmarried men from relief families, ages 18-25.
Black segregation existed, but black people were still allowed to join.
https://quizlet.com/20633236/apush-new-deal-acts-flash-cards/
Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)
Eventually replaced by the WPA, this was to provide work relief programs. Creates the CCC,
CWA, FSA.
https://quizlet.com/5161243/apush-ch37-fdrs-new-deal-legislation-flash-cards/
(Related) Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)
New Deal Program similar to unemployment-relief efforts of the Reconstruction Finance
Corporation (RFC) set up by Herbert Hoover and the U.S. Congress in 1932. It was
established as a result of the Federal Emergency Relief Act of 1933. Was the first directrelief operation under the New Deal, and was headed by Harry L. Hopkins,
https://quizlet.com/5161243/apush-ch37-fdrs-new-deal-legislation-flash-cards/
(Related) Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)
led by Harry L. Hopkins; granted about $3 billion to the states for direct dole payments or
preferably for wages on work projects
https://quizlet.com/5161243/apush-ch37-fdrs-new-deal-legislation-flash-cards/
Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)
New Deal farm agency that attempted to raise prices by paying farmers to reduce their
production of crops and animals
https://quizlet.com/19743618/apush-chapter-24-key-terms-flash-cards/
(Related) Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)
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Created in 1933 as part of FDR's New Deal. The AAA controlled the production and prices of
crops by offering subsidies to farmers who stayed under set quotas. The Supreme Court
declared the AAA unconstitutional in 1936. ("Artificial Scarcity")
https://quizlet.com/19743618/apush-chapter-24-key-terms-flash-cards/
(Related) Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)
established as a new approach to farm recovery; established "parity prices" for basic
commodities; eliminated price-depressing surpluses by paying growers to reduce their crop
acreage; the millions of dollars needed for these payments were to be raised by taxing
processors of farm products, such as flour millers, who in turn would shift the burden to
consumers; criticized for the "sinful" destruction of food and the premature harvesting of
cotton crops
https://quizlet.com/19743618/apush-chapter-24-key-terms-flash-cards/
Civil Works Administration (CWA)
rapidly create manual labor jobs for millions of unemployed workers; was a project created
under FERA. Eventually changed to WPA, as there was criticism concerning no "permanent
effect" of the jobs created.
https://quizlet.com/4435570/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-33-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Civil Works Administration (CWA)
1st New Deal agency created by FDR to reduce unemployment during the cold winter months of
1933; it spent $1 billion on short-term projects for unemployed manual laborers but was
abolished in the spring of '34
https://quizlet.com/4435570/apush-the-american-pageant-chapter-33-vocab-flash-cards/
Father Charles Coughlin
a critic of the New Deal; created the National Union for Social Justice; wanted a monetary
inflation and the nationalization of the banking system
https://quizlet.com/20256168/apush-ch-33-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Father Charles Coughlin
the Catholic priest from Michigan Whose anti-New Deal harangues in the 1930's became so
anti- Sematic, fascist, and demagogic that he was silenced by his superiors
https://quizlet.com/20256168/apush-ch-33-vocab-flash-cards/
"Dust Bowl"
This is the term given to the Great Plain where a severe drough hit, killing all of the
crops of the region. The topsoil turned to a fine powdery dust that blew away with the
severe, hot winds that wreaked havoc on the farmers who remained. The area earned this name
because Plains farmers saw their land literally blow away.
https://quizlet.com/19793877/hancock-apush-chapter-33-flash-cards/
(Related) Dust Bowl
Region of the Great Plains that experienced a drought in 1930 lasting for a decade, leaving
many farmers without work or substantial wages.
https://quizlet.com/19793877/hancock-apush-chapter-33-flash-cards/
(Related) Dust Bowl
Parts of Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas that were hit hard by dry
topsoil and high winds that created blinding dust storms; this area of the Great Plains
became called that because winds blew away crops and farms, and blew dust from Oklahoma to
Albany, New York. Ruined farms and left many farmers with out crops and money.
https://quizlet.com/19793877/hancock-apush-chapter-33-flash-cards/
(Related) Dust Bowl
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A horrible natural disaster in which Midwestern dust from millions of acres of dry, arid
land (which in-part got that way from the tilling of the area) was blown up into the air
and carried as far as Boston. Caused much suffering.
https://quizlet.com/19793877/hancock-apush-chapter-33-flash-cards/
(Related) Dust Bowl
A series of dust storms in the Central U.S caused by many years of bad farming techniques.
It caused many farmers to move west as well as remove the top soil.
https://quizlet.com/19793877/hancock-apush-chapter-33-flash-cards/
Frances Perkins
U.S. Secretary of Labor from 1933 to 1945, and the first woman ever appointed to the
cabinet. She took much flak from her contemporaries.
https://quizlet.com/995074/apush-flash-cards/
(Related) Frances Perkins
Roosevel's secretaryt of labor; the first woman to serve as a federal Cabinet officer, she
had a great influence on many New Deal programs, most significantly the Social Security
Act.
https://quizlet.com/995074/apush-flash-cards/
(Related) Frances Perkins
FDR's secretary of labor was this first women cabinet member
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(Related) Frances Perkins
The U.S. Secretary of Labor from 1933 to 1945 and the first woman ever appointed to the
cabinet. As a loyal supporter of her friend Franklin D. Roosevelt, she helped pull the
labor movement into the New Deal coalition.
https://quizlet.com/995074/apush-flash-cards/
53. The Works Progress Administration (WPA) aimed to do all of the following excepta.
provide loans and jobs for college students.b. quiet the groundswell of protest produced by
Huey Long and Dr. Francis Townsend.c. provide employment on useful projects.d. produce
works of art.e. provide handouts to the unemployed.
e
https://quizlet.com/40260535/apush-chapter-33-flash-cards/
Public Works Administration (PWA)
intended both for industrial recovery and for unemployment relief; long-range recovery was
the primary purpose, and in time over $4 billion was spent on some 34,00 projects,
including public buildings, highways, and parkways
https://quizlet.com/5161243/apush-ch37-fdrs-new-deal-legislation-flash-cards/
(Related) Public Works Administration (PWA)
Headed by Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes, it aimed at long-range recovery by
spending over $4 billion on some 34,000 projects that included public buildings, highways,
and parkways (i.e. the Grand Coulee Dam of the Columbia River).
https://quizlet.com/5161243/apush-ch37-fdrs-new-deal-legislation-flash-cards/
National Recovery Administration (NRA) 1933
encouraged businesses to set minimum wage & abolish child labor. Tried to set up codes
governing pricing and other practices for every industry. Helped people stay in work and
for the employers to get the same amount of wages. Workers don't work more than 40 hrs/wk,
better working conditions. Prices of these products are higher b/c helps fund gov &
economy. Tried to do all: relief, recovery, and reform. Ruled unconstitutional in 1935.
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https://quizlet.com/206206/apush-unit-13-flash-cards/
(Related) National Recovery Administration (NRA)
1933. First attempt to achieve economic advance through planning and cooperation among
labor, business and government. Codes and regulations to control production, labor
relations, and trade among businesses. Declared unconstitutional in 1935. Recovery and also
Reform.
https://quizlet.com/206206/apush-unit-13-flash-cards/
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC); 1934
New Deal program that provided reparations in the stock market, protected people from fraud
in investments in stocks. (still around today)
https://quizlet.com/830793/apush-voc24-flash-cards/
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
passed in 1933 determined to discover precisely how much the production and distribution of
electricity cost; despite criticism of dishonest bookkeeping, the project brought to the
area full employment, cheap electric power, low-cost housing, abundant cheap nitrates,
restoration of eroded soil, reforestation, improved navigation, and flood control
https://quizlet.com/20808747/apush-chapter-36-flash-cards/
(Related) Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) of 1933
Senator George W. Norris of Nebraska; developed hydroelectric potential of the area; wanted
a "yardstick" to test the fairness of the rates charged by private companies; corporations
get mad (criticism for being socialistic)brought to area full employment, cheap
electricity, low-cost housing, abundant cheap nitrates, restoration of eroded soil,
reforestation, improved navigation, and flood control; the area flourishesforeigners
impressed and New Dealers wanted parallels in Columbia, Colorado, and Missouri River
Valleys --> conservative reactions (thought this was too socialistic) --> TVA's brand of
federally guided resource management and comprehensive regional development confined to
Tennessee Valley
https://quizlet.com/20808747/apush-chapter-36-flash-cards/
Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
encouraged tribes to establish local self-government and to preserve their native crafts
and traditions; also helped to stop the loss of Indian lands and revived tribes' interest
in their identity and culture
https://quizlet.com/9651490/apush-chapter-28-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Indian Reorganization Act
"Indian New Deal" 1934 partially reserved the individualistic approach and belatedly tried
to restore the tribal basis of indian life, Government legislation that allowed the Indians
a form of self-government and thus willingly shrank the authority of the U.S. government.
It provided the Indians direct ownership of their land, credit, a constitution, and a
charter in which Indians could manage their own affairs.
https://quizlet.com/9651490/apush-chapter-28-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Indian Reorganization Act
Act which would replace the General Allotment or Dawes Act, which had broken up tribal
lands in n attempt to assimilate Indians. Instead, the Indian Reorganization Act would
reinvigorate Indian cultural traditions by restoring land to tribes, granting the right to
charter businesses, establish self-governing constitutions, and provide federal funding for
vocational training and economic development. Ultimately, however, the "Indian New Deal"
that was passed was significantly diluted and brought only partial change.
https://quizlet.com/9651490/apush-chapter-28-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Indian Reorganization Act
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Government legislation that allowed the Indians a form of self-government and thus
willingly shrank the authority of the U.S. government. It provided the Indians direct
ownership of their land, credit, a constitution, and a charter in which Indians could
manage their own affairs.
https://quizlet.com/9651490/apush-chapter-28-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Indian Reorganization Act
1934, also known as the Wheeler-Howard Act or informally, the Indian New Deal, was a U.S.
federal legislation which secured certain rights to Native Americans, including Natives.
These include a reversal of the Dawes Act's privatization of common holdings of American
Indians and a return to local self-government on a tribal basis. The Act also restored to
Native Americans the management of their assets (being mainly land) and included provisions
intended to create a sound economic foundation for the inhabitants of Indian reservations.
7: 1934-1941
https://quizlet.com/9651490/apush-chapter-28-vocab-flash-cards/
Social Security Act
1935; established a system of giving payments to Americans after they reached retirement
age; also had provisions for unemployment and disability insurance
https://quizlet.com/38192877/apush-chapter-22-flash-cards/
(Related) Social Security Act
..., guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at age 65; set up
federal-state system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children,
the handicapped, and public health
https://quizlet.com/38192877/apush-chapter-22-flash-cards/
(Related) Social Security Act (1935)
A flagship accomplishment of the New Deal, this law provided for unemployment and old-age
insurance financed by a payroll tax on employers and employees. It has long remained a
pillar of the "New Deal Order".
https://quizlet.com/38192877/apush-chapter-22-flash-cards/
(Related) Social Security Act
guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at age 65; set up federalstate system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the
handicapped, and public health
https://quizlet.com/38192877/apush-chapter-22-flash-cards/
(Related) Social Security Act
Social Security Act of 1935 created a federal insurance program based on the automatic
collection of taxes from employees and employers throughout people's working careers. They
would receive this money in a monthly pension when they reached the age of 65. The
unemployed, disabled, and mothers with dependent children would also receive this money.
https://quizlet.com/38192877/apush-chapter-22-flash-cards/
wagner act
1935; established National Labor Relations Board; protected the rights of most workers in
the private sector to organize labor unions, to engage in collective bargaining, and to
take part in strikes and other forms of concerted activity in support of their demands.
REFORM AND RELIEF
https://quizlet.com/830793/apush-voc24-flash-cards/
(Related) Wagner Act
guaranteed the right of unions to organize and to collectively bargain with management.
https://quizlet.com/830793/apush-voc24-flash-cards/
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(Related) Wagner Act (1935)
Created National Labor Relations board for administrative purposes & reasserted rights to
unionize & bargain through reps.
https://quizlet.com/830793/apush-voc24-flash-cards/
(Related) Wagner Act
A New Deal legislation that was supported by R. F. Wagner. It established defined unjust
labor practices, secured workers the right to bargain collectively, and established the
National Labor Relations Board.
https://quizlet.com/830793/apush-voc24-flash-cards/
(Related) National Labor Relations/Wagner Act (1935)
defined unfair labor practices and protected unions against coercive measures such as
blacklisting. Set up the National Labor Relations Board and reasserted the right of labor
to engage in self-organization and to bargain collectively.
https://quizlet.com/830793/apush-voc24-flash-cards/
Fair Labor Standards Act
FLSA, passed in 1938; established minimum requirements for employee's hours, wages, premium
overtime, and payroll records.
https://quizlet.com/38192877/apush-chapter-22-flash-cards/
(Related) Fair Labor Standards Act
A government legislation that dealt with wages and child labor. It established a minimum
wage and prohibited child labor in harsh and dangerous conditions.
https://quizlet.com/38192877/apush-chapter-22-flash-cards/
(Related) Fair Labor Standards Act (1938)
Important New Deal labor legislation that regulated minimum wages and maximum hours for
workers involved in interstate commerce. The law also outlawed labor by children under
sixteen. The exclusion of agricultural, service, and domestic workers meant that many
blacks, Mexican Americans, and women who were concentrated in these sectors—did not benefit
from the act's protection.
https://quizlet.com/38192877/apush-chapter-22-flash-cards/
(Related) Fair Labor Standards Act (1938)
FLSA, Federal Law that established certain minimum requirements for employee's hours,
wages, premium overtime, and payroll records.
https://quizlet.com/38192877/apush-chapter-22-flash-cards/
Congress of Industrial Organizations
Union organization of unskilled workers; broke away from the American Federation of Labor
in 1935 and rejoined it in 1955.
https://quizlet.com/10727751/apush-chapter-23-the-new-deal-flash-cards/
(Related) Congress of Industrial Organizations
This organization was led by John L. Lewis of the United Mine Workers. This organization
focused on unskilled laborers in America's heavy industrial sector such as steel,
automobiles, and mines.
https://quizlet.com/10727751/apush-chapter-23-the-new-deal-flash-cards/
(Related) Congress of Industrial Organizations
Originally began as a group of unskilled workers who organized themselves into effective
unions. As there popularity grew they came known for the revolutionary idea of the "sit
down strike", there efforts lead to the passage of the Fair Labor Standard Act and the
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organization continued to thrive under the New Deal.( page 790-791);, a federation of North
American industrial unions that merged with the American Federation of Labor in 1955
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(Related) Congress of Industrial Organizations
The new union group that organized large numbers of unskilled workers with the help of the
Wagner Act and the National Labor Relations Board.
https://quizlet.com/10727751/apush-chapter-23-the-new-deal-flash-cards/
(Related) Congress of Industrial Organizations
led by John Lewis, orginially began as a group of unskilled workers who organized
themselves into effective unions. As there popularity grew they came known for the
revolutionary idea of the "sit down strike", there efforts lead to the passage of the Fair
Labor Standard Act and the organization continued to thrive under the New Deal.( page 790791)
https://quizlet.com/10727751/apush-chapter-23-the-new-deal-flash-cards/
John Maynard Keynes
English economist who advocated the use of government monetary and fiscal policy to
maintain full employment without inflation (1883-1946)
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(Related) John Maynard Keynes
English economist who advocated the use of government monetary and fiscal policy to
maintain full employment without inflation (1883-1946)
https://quizlet.com/11328509/apush-ch28-flash-cards/
(Related) John Maynard Keynes
English economist who advocated the use of government monetary and fiscal policy to
maintain full employment without inflation (1883-1946)
https://quizlet.com/11328509/apush-ch28-flash-cards/
(Related) John Maynard Keynes
British economist who argued that for a nation to recovery fully from a depression, the
government had to spend money to encourage investment and consumption
https://quizlet.com/11328509/apush-ch28-flash-cards/
London Economic Conference 1933
International economic conference called by League of Nations. When proposals were made to
stabilize currencies, Roosevelt withdrew his support. He felt this wouldn't allow him to
inflate the value of the dollar. Conference ended without any agreement.
https://quizlet.com/37786722/apush-chapter-34-key-terms-flash-cards/
(Related) London Economic Conference
A sixty-nation economic conference organized to stabilize international currency rates.
Franklin Roosevelt's decision to revoke American participation contributed to a deepening
world economic crisis. He withdrew because he wanted inflation and at the conference they
wanted deflation.
https://quizlet.com/37786722/apush-chapter-34-key-terms-flash-cards/
(Related) London economic conference
International economic conference on stabilizing currency that was sabotaged by FDR
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(Related) London Economic Conference
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1933 - delegates hoped to stabilize values of nations' currencies & exchange rates to aid
international trade; FDR pulled out, afraid this would hamper domestic recovery further
depression & ultranationalism
https://quizlet.com/37786722/apush-chapter-34-key-terms-flash-cards/
(Related) London Economic Conference (1933)
International economic conference called by League of Nations. When proposals were made to
stabilize currencies, Roosevelt withdrew his support. Conference ended without any
agreement.
https://quizlet.com/37786722/apush-chapter-34-key-terms-flash-cards/
Good Neighbor Policy
withdrawal of American troops from foreign nations (especially Latin America) to improve
international relations and unite western hemisphere; Clark Memorandum (rebukes the "big
stick"); peaceful resolution of Mexican oil fields
https://quizlet.com/10299239/apush-chapter-34-id-terms-flash-cards/
(Related) Good Neighbor Policy
Franklin D. Roosevelt policy in which the U.S. pledged that the U.S. would no longer
intervene in the internal affairs of Latin American countries. This reversed Teddy
Roosevelt's Big Stick Policy.
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(Related) Good Neighbor policy
- no armed intervention in LAtin America-FDR's foreign policy of promoting better relations
with Latin America by using economic influence rater than military force in the region
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(Related) Good Neighbor Policy
US voluntarily renounced the use of military force and armed intervention in the Western
Hemisphere; recognized the significance in US friendship with Latin countries for security
purposes
https://quizlet.com/10299239/apush-chapter-34-id-terms-flash-cards/
Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act of 1934
- activated low-tariff policies - relief & recovery which boosted American trade - amended
Hawley-Smoot by lowering rates 50% provided that others do the same- allowed Roosevelt to
control taxes- foreign trade increased- free trade international economic system
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(Related) Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act
1934 activated low-tariff policies ;; for relief & recovery ;; boosted American trade ;;
amended Hawley-Smoot by lowering rates 50% provided that others do the same
https://quizlet.com/9854597/ap-us-history-chapters-34-and-35-flash-cards/
Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937.
stipulated that when the president proclaimed the existence of a foreign war, US citizens
were prohibited from sailing on a belligerent ship, selling or transporting munitions to a
belligerent, or making loans to a belligerent. However, this actually provoked aggressors.
Later congress amended this to apply an arms embargo to both Loyalists and rebels.
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Neutrality Act of 1939
Aware that France and Britain desperately needed war materials, this legislation was passed
stating that the European democracies could buy American war materials as long as they
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would transport the munitions on their own ships after paying for them in cash. America
thus avoided loans, war debts, and the torpedoing of American arms-carriers.
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(Related) Neutrality Act of 1939
allowed arms trade with belligerent nations on a cash and carry basis (ended the arms
embargo); repealed earlier neutrality acts
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(Related) Neutrality Act of 1939
The 1939 act banned U.S. ships from carrying goods or passengers to belligerent ports but
allowed U.S. sales of munitions on a "cash-and carry" basis.
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Atlantic Charter
1941-Pledge signed by US president FDR and British prime minister Winston Churchill and
Stalin not to acquire new territory as a result of WWII amd to work for peace after the war
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(Related) Atlantic Charter
1941-Pledge signed by US president FDR and British prime minister Winston Churchill not to
acquire new territory as a result of WWII amd to work for peace after the war
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(Related) The Atlantic Charter
1941, outlined a vision in which a world would abandon their traditional beliefs in
military alliances and spheres of influence and govern their relations with one another
though democratic process, with an international organization serving as the arbiter of
disputes and the protector of every nation's right of self determination.
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(Related) Atlantic Charter 1941
US.-GB agreement of Aug 1941 to promote democracy and intentions for improvement post WWII;
created by Winston Churchill and FDR in a secret conference
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(Related) Atlantic Charter
The Atlantic Charter was Roosevelt's and Churchill's joint press release that provided the
ideological foundation of the Western cause. DIPLOMATIC.
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Appeasement
Term for the British-French policy of attempting to prevent war by granting German demands
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(Related) appeasement
Satisfying the demands of dissatisfied powers in an effort to maintain peace and stability
(in case of WWII toward Germany)
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(Related) Appeasement
In an effort to avoid open conflict with Germany, the democracies adopted this policy,
which allowed Hitler to get away with relatively small acts of aggression and expansion.
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(Related) Appeasement Policy
A policy advocated by the British and French toward the Germans. The hope was to maintain
peace by allowing Hitler to annex the Sudentenland region of Czechoslovakia.
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(Related) appeasement
term for the British-French policy of attempting to prevent war by granting German demands
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Executive Order No. 9066:
FDR required Japanese to be sent to concentration camps.
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(Related) Executive Order No. 9066
authorized the internment of tens of thousands of American citizens of Japanese ancestry
and resident aliens from Japan. Roosevelt's Executive Order 9066, dated February 19, 1942,
gave the military broad powers to ban any citizen from a fifty- to sixty-mile-wide coastal
area stretching from Washington state to California and extending inland into southern
Arizona.
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(Related) Executive Order No. 9066
Law that forced many Japanese-Americans into internment camps, potentially unconstitutional
although deemed so by the Supreme Court.
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Korematsu v. U.S.
1944 Supreme Court case where the Supreme Court upheld the order providing for the
relocation of Japanese Americans. It was not until 1988 that Congress formally apologized
and agreed to pay $20,000 2 each survivor
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War Production Board (WPB)
American factories produced an enormous amount of weaponry, such as guns and planes. The
War Production Board halted the manufacture of nonessential items such as passenger cars.
It assigned priorities for transportation and access to raw materials. Took America out of
the Great Depression
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Office of Price Administration (OPA)
Government agency created to control ascending prices and provide rationing.
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(Related) Office of Price Administration (OPA) (1941-1947)
A critically important wartime agency charged with regulating the consumer economy through
rationing scarce supplies, such as automobiles, tires, fuel, nylon, and sugar, and by
curbing inflation by setting ceilings on the price of goods. Rents were controlled as well
in parts of the country overwhelmed by war workers. The OPA was extended after World War II
ended to continue the fight against inflation, but was abolished in 1947. (880)
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(Related) Office of Price Administration (OPA)/National War Labor Board (NWLB):
Government agency which curbed inflation by fixing price ceilings on commodities and
introducing rationing programs during World War II.
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National War Labor Board (NWLB) (1918)
This wartime agency was chaired by former President Taft and aimed to prevent labor
disputes by encouraging high wages and an eight hour day. While granting some concessions
to labor, it stopped short of supporting labor's most important demand" a government
guarantee of the right to organize into unions.
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(Related) National War Labor Board (NWLB)
Government agency that imposed ceilings on wage increases; contested by many labor unions.
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Zoot Suit Riots
In the 1940's - Riots that occurred mostly in Los Angeles, CA between white marines and
young Mexican Americans. White marines thought that the dress of "zoot suits" of the
Mexican Americans was un-patriotic, although about 300,000 Mexican Americans were in the
armed forces. Some Mexicans thought that they would be the next "Japanese" and be taken to
camps.
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(Related) Zoot suit riots
A series of riots in L.A. California during WWII. Soldiers stationed in the city and
Mexican youths because of the zoot suits they wore. Reflected very racist sentiments in
Western United States. In almost all cases, the soldiers were acquitted.
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WACS/WAVES/SPARS
the 216,000 women who held noncombat positions in the army, navy, and Coast Guard when more
"manpower" was needed and the men needed to be sent to fight.
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Tuskegee Airmen
all black unit of fighter pilots. trained in Tuskegee Alabama. won many awards for bravery
and never lost a single pilot
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(Related) Tuskegee Airmen
332 Fighter Group famous for shooting down over 200 enemy planes. African American pilots
who trained at the Tuskegee flying school.
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(Related) Tuskegee Airmen
332 Fighter Group famous for shooting down over 200 enemy planes. African American pilots
who trained at the Tuskegee flying school.
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(Related) Tuskegee Airmen332 Fighter Group famous for shooting down over 200 enemy planes. African American pilots
who trained at the Tuskegee flying school.
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(Related) Tuskegee Airmen
WWII was the first war in which African Americans fought in combat units in the Marines and
Air Corps. The airmen were an all-black fighting unit formed in response to pressure from
the NAACP. They were incredibly successful, and one of the most decorated units in WWII
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Double V Campaign
The World War II-era effort of black Americans to gain "a Victory over racism at home as
well as Victory abroad."
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(Related) Double V campaign
African Americans pledged to fight not only for victory over Hitler in Europe, but also
against racism at home.
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(Related) Double V Campaign
The World War II-era effort of black Americans to gain "a Victory over racism at home as
well as Victory abroad."
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(Related) Double V Campaign
Campaign popularized by American Black Leaders during WW2 emphasizing the need for double
victory: over Germany and Japan and also over racial prejudice in the US. Many blacks were
fought in WW2 were disappointed that the America they returned to still hate racial tension
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Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC) (1941)
Threatened with a massive "Negro March on Washington" to demand equal job opportunities in
war jobs and in the military, Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration issued an executive
order forbidding racial discrimination in all defense plants operating under contract with
the federal government. The FEPC was intended to monitor compliance with the Executive
Order. (883)
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Bracero program
United States labor agents recruited thousands of farm and railroad workers from Mexico.
The program stimulated emigration for Mexico.
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(Related) Bracero program (1942)
Program established by agreement with the Mexican government to recruit temporary Mexican
agricultural workers to the United States to make up for wartime labor shortages in the Far
West. The program persisted until 1964, by when it had sponsored 4.5 million border
crossings.
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(Related) Bracero Program
Wartime agreement between the United States and Mexico to import farm workers to meet a
perceived manpower shortage; the agreement was in effect from 1941 to 1947. Stimulated
emigration from Mexico.
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(Related) Bracero Program
Wartime agreement between the United States and Mexico to import farm workers tomeet a
perceived manpower shortage; the agreement was in effect from 1941 to 1947.
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Navajo code talkers
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Native American men who served in the military by transmitting radio messages in their
native languages, which were undecipherable by German and Japanese spies (884)
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(Related) Navajo Code Talkers
Native Americans from the Navajo tribe used their own language to make a code for the U.S.
military that the Japanese could not desipher
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(Related) Navajo Code Talkers
Native Americans served the country by enlisting in the armed services and working in
thousands of factories across the United States. Most famous of this group, who translated
U.S. code into the Native American language so that enemy forces could not decipher the
content.
https://quizlet.com/2037081/apush-chapter-28-flash-cards/
Manhattan Project
The Manhattan project was a secret research and development project of the U.S to develop
the atomic bomb. Its success granted the U.S the bombs that ended the war with Japan as
well as ushering the country into the atomic era.
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(Related) Manhattan Project (1942)
Code name for the American commission established in 1942 develop the atomic bomb. The
first experimental bomb was detonated on July 16, 1945, in the desert of New Mexico. Atomic
bombs were then dropped on two cities in Japan in hopes of bringing the war to an end:
Hiroshima on August 6, 1945 and Nagasaki on August 9, 1945. (900)
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(Related) Manhattan Project
code name for the secret United States project set up in 1942 to develop atomic bombs for
use in World War II
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(Related) Manhattan Project
Code name for the U.S. effort during World War II to produce the atomic bomb. Much of the
early research was done in New York City by refugee physicists in the United States.
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(Related) Manhattan Project
-scientists (Albert Einstein) pushed ahead to discover the secret of an atomic bomb-gov
funded wuth $2 billion-industrial power combined with sci knowledge-desert in Alamogordo,
New Mexico on July 16, 1945 the 1st atomic device was tested
https://quizlet.com/10835567/apush-ch-35-key-terms-flash-cards/
Battle of Midway
U.S. naval victory over the Japanese fleet in June 1942, in which the Japanese lost four of
their best aircraft carriers. It marked a turning point in World War II.
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(Related) Battle of Midway
U.S. naval victory over the Japanese fleet in June 1942, in which the Japanese lost four of
their best aircraft carriers. It marked a turning point in World War II.
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(Related) Battle of Midway
Americans discovered that the Japanese were planning to attack Midway, a strategic island
which lies northwest of Hawaii. Admiral Chester Nimitz, the commander of American naval
forces in the Pacific, moved to defend the island. On Junes 3, 1942, his scout planes found
the Japanese fleet. The Americans sent torpedo planes and dive bombers to the attack. The
Japanese were caught with their planes still on the decks of their carriers. The results
were devastating. by the end of the Battle of Midway, the Japanese had lost four aircraft
carriers, a cruiser, and 250 planes. In the words of a Japanese official, at Midway the
Americans had "avenged Pearl Harbor."
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(Related) Battle of Midway
An enormous battle that raged for four days near the small American outpost at Midway
Island, at the end of which the US, despite great losses, was clearly victorious. The
American navy destroyed four Japanese aircraft carriers and lost only one of its own; the
action regained control of the central Pacific for the US.
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(Related) Battle of Midway
Crucial naval battle of June 1942, in which U.S. Admiral Chester Nimitz blocked the
Japanese attempt to conquer a strategic island near Hawaii
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Island hopping
The Americans would bypass heavily fortified islands and starve and bomb the smaller
surrounding ones to push the japanese back. The main focus of the americans became
defending the islands in Alaska.
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(Related) Island Hopping
The American navy attacked islands held by the Japanese in the Pacific Ocean. The capture
of each successive island from the Japanese brought the American navy closer to an invasion
of Japan.
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(Related) Island Hopping
the American navy attacked islands held by the Japanese in the Pacific Ocean. The capture
of each successive island from the Japanese brought the American navy closer to an invasion
of Japan.
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Battle of the Bulge
December, 1944-January, 1945 - After recapturing France, the Allied advance became stalled
along the German border. In the winter of 1944, Germany staged a massive counterattack in
Belgium and Luxembourg which pushed a 30 mile "bulge" into the Allied lines. The Allies
stopped the German advance and threw them back across the Rhine with heavy losses.
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(Related) Battle of the Bulge
The December 1944 German offensive (stopped by Patton) that marked Hitler's last chance to
stop the Allied advance
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(Related) Battle of the Bulge
December, 1944-January, 1945 - After recapturing France, the Allied advance became stalled
along the German border. In the winter of 1944, Germany staged a massive counterattack in
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Belgium and Luxembourg which pushed a 30 mile "bulge" into the Allied lines. The Allies
stopped the German advance and threw them back across the Rhine with heavy losses.
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(Related) Battle of the Bulge (Dec 16, 1944-Jan 25, 1945)
The Battle of the Bulge (also known as the Ardennes Offensive and the Von Rundstedt
Offensive to the Germans) (16 December 1944 - 25 January 1945) was a major German offensive
(die Ardennenoffensive), launched toward the end of World War II through the densely
forested Ardennes mountain region of Wallonia in Belgium, hence its French name (Bataille
des Ardennes), and France and Luxembourg on the Western Front. The Wehrmacht's code name
for the offensive was Unternehmen Wacht am Rhein ("Operation Watch on the Rhine"), after
the German patriotic hymn Die Wacht am Rhein.There are several American names for this
battle. The first was the description given to the way the Allied front-line bulged inward
on wartime news maps, which was reported in the contemporary press as the Battle of the
Bulge. The battle was militarily defined as the Ardennes Counteroffensive, which included
the German drive and the American effort to contain and later defeat it. Following the war,
the U.S. Army issued a campaign citation for its units fighting in northwest Europe at the
time. This was called the Ardennes-Alsace campaign and included the Ardennes sector (of the
Ardennes Counteroffensive fighting) and units further south in the Alsace sector. The
latter units were not involved except for elements sent northward as reinforcements. While
Ardennes Counteroffensive is correct military parlance because the official Ardennes-Alsace
campaign covers much more than the Ardennes battle region, the most popular description
remains simply the Battle of the Bulge.The German offensive was supported by several
subordinate operations known as Unternehmen Bodenplatte, Greif, and Währung. Germany's goal
for these operations was to split the British and American Allied line in half, capturing
Antwerp and then proceed to encircle and destroy four Allied armies, forcing the Western
Allies to negotiate a peace treaty in the Axis Powers' favour. Once accomplished, Hitler
could fully concentrate on the eastern theatre of war.The offensive was planned with the
utmost secrecy, minimizing radio traffic and moving troops and equipment under cover of
darkness. Although Ultra suggested a possible attack and the Third U.S. Army's intelligence
staff predicted a major German offensive, the Allies were still caught by surprise. This
was achieved by a combination of Allied overconfidence, preoccupation with their own
offensive plans, and poor aerial reconnaissance.Near-complete surprise against a weakly
defended section of the Allied line was achieved during heavy overcast weather, which
grounded the Allies' overwhelmingly superior air forces. Fierce resistance, particularly
around the key town of Bastogne, and terrain favouring the defenders threw the German
timetable behind schedule. Allied reinforcements, including General George S. Patton's
Third Army, and improving weather conditions, which permitted air attacks on German forces
and supply lines, sealed the failure of the offensive.In the wake of the defeat, many
experienced German units were left severely depleted of men and equipment as survivors
retreated to the defenses of the Siegfried Line. For the Americans, with about 610,000 men
committed and some 89,000 casualties, including 19,000 killed, the Battle of the Bulge was
the largest and bloodiest battle that they fought in World War II.
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(Related) Battle of the bulge
-hitler focused attack on the Belgium port of Antwerp-Americans caught off guard were
driven back-the 101st Airborne Division stood strong at Bastonge-General A.C. McAuliffe
fought of the Germans until the Rhine River-US captured Berlin in April discovering
concentration camps-Hitler committed suicide
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Yalta Conference
wartime meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom, and
the Soviet Union—President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and
General Secretary Joseph Stalin; for the purpose of discussing Europe's post-war
reorganization; intended to discuss the re-establishment of the nations of war-torn Europe
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(Related) Yalta Conference
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A meeting in Yalta of President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill, and Joseph Stalin in
February in 1945, in which the leaders discussed the treatment of Germany, the status of
Poland, the creation of the United Nations and Russian entry into the war against Japan
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(Related) Yalta Conference
A war time conference held at Yalta, USSR, that was attended by FDR, Churchill, Stalin. It
agreed on the unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany and it's occupation, status of Poland
, citizens of the Soviet Union and of Yugoslavia were to be handed over to their respective
countries, regardless of their consent, the United Nations once it was agreed that each of
the five permanent members of the Security Council would have veto power, and Stalin's
entry against Japan.
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(Related) Yalta Conference
FDR, Churchill and Stalin met at Yalta. Russia agreed to declare war on Japan after the
surrender of Germany and in return FDR and Churchill promised the USSR concession in
Manchuria and the territories that it had lost in the Russo-Japanese War
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Potsdam Conference
A war time conference held at Potsdam, Germany that was attended by Truman, Attlee, and
Stalin. It agreed on the establishment of the Oder-Neisse line as the border of areas
administrated by government of Poland, the expulsion of the German populations remaining
beyond the borders of Germany, war reparations, reversion of all German annexations in
Europe after 1937, statement of aims and means of the occupation of Germany, and the
prosecution of Nazi war criminals. In addition, the Allies issued the Potsdam Declaration
which outlined the terms of surrender for Japan.
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(Related) Potsdam Conference
A war time conference held at Potsdam, Germany that was attended by Truman, Attlee, and
Stalin. It agreed on the establishment of the Oder-Neisse line as the border of areas
administrated by government of Poland, the expulsion of the German populations remaining
beyond the borders of Germany, war reparations, reversion of all German annexations in
Europe after 1937, statement of aims and means of the occupation of Germany, and the
prosecution of Nazi war criminals. In addition, the Allies issued the Potsdam Declaration
which outlined the terms of surrender for Japan: surrender or be destroyed.
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(Related) Potsdam Conference
The final wartime meeting of the leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet
Union was held at Potsdamn, outside Berlin, in July, 1945. Truman, Churchill, and Stalin
discussed the future of Europe but their failure to reach meaningful agreements soon led to
the onset of the Cold War.
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(Related) Potsdam Conference
meeting between Stalin, Churchill, and Truman to discuss post-WWII; compromise: each side
would take reparations from its own occupation zone, divided up GER, created Council of
Foreign Ministers; marked the end of wartime alliance
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(Related) 1315. Potsdam Conference
July 26, 1945 - Allied leaders Truman, Stalin and Churchill met in Germany to set up zones
of control and to inform the Japanese that if they refused to surrender at once, they would
face total destruction.
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D-Day
allied forces under dwight d. eisenhower landed on the beaches of normandy in history's
greatest naval invasion.
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(Related) 1301. D-Day
June 6, 1944 - Led by Eisenhower, over a million troops (the largest invasion force in
history) stormed the beaches at Normandy and began the process of re-taking France. The
turning point of World War II.
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(Related) D-Day
D-day was the first day of the Normandy landings which started the invasion of western
Europe and liberated France from the Germans.
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(Related) D-Day
June 6, 1944: long promised invasion of France. Eisenhower commanded more than 1.5 million
American, British, and Canadian soldiers across the channel. Helped to liberate Paris in
August, had driven the Germans out of most of France and Belgium by September.
https://quizlet.com/5036444/apush-chapter-35-flash-cards/
(Related) D-Day
June 6, 1944 - Led by Eisenhower, over a million troops (the largest invasion force in
history) stormed the beaches at Normandy and began the process of re-taking France. The
turning point of World War II.
https://quizlet.com/5036444/apush-chapter-35-flash-cards/
Sunbelt
This region consists of a broad band of states running across the South from Florida to
Texas, extending west and north to include California and the Pacific Northwest. Beginning
in the 1970s, this area experienced rapid economic growth and major gains in population.
https://quizlet.com/75804772/apush-chapter-26-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Sunbelt
The southern and southwestern states, from the Carolinas to California, characterized by
warm climate and recently, rapid population growth
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(Related) Sunbelt
name applied to the Southwest and South, which grew rapidly after WWII as a center of
defense industries and non-unionized labor
https://quizlet.com/75804772/apush-chapter-26-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Sunbelt
Shorthand name for the southern and western regions of the US that experienced the highest
rates of growth after WWII
https://quizlet.com/75804772/apush-chapter-26-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Sunbelt
The sunbelt states included from Florida to California...warmer climates, lower taxes, and
economic opportunities prompted families uprooted by the war to move to these areas.
https://quizlet.com/75804772/apush-chapter-26-vocab-flash-cards/
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22nd Amendment
Adopted in 1951, prevents a president from serving more than two terms or more than ten
years
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(Related) 22nd Amendment
1951Limits the president to 2 terms.
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(Related) 22nd Amendment
Presidents are limited to a maximum of two elected terms, and only one if they succeeded an
elected President and served for more than two years of that elected President's term.
(This Amendment was a reaction to FDR's four elected terms, which broke the age-old
tradition set by George Washington. George Washington set a two-term precedent, but it was
only a tradition until this Amendment mad it the law of the land.) (1951)
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(Related) 22nd amendment
Passed in 1951, the amendment that limits presidents to two terms of office.
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(Related) 22nd Amendment
Limits the number of times that a person can be elected president: a person cannot be
elected president more than twice, and a person who has served more than two years of a
term to which someone else was elected cannot be elected more than once.
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United Nations
international body formed to bring nations into dialogue in hopes of preventing further
world wars; much like the former League of Nations in ambition, it was more realistic in
recognizing the authority of the Big Five Powers in keeping peace in the world, thus
guaranting veto power to all permant members of its Security Council (Britian, China,
France, the Soviet Union, and the United States)
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(Related) United Nations
An international body agreed upon at the Yalta conference and counted at a conference in
San Francisco in 1945, consisting of a general assembly, in which all nations are
represented, and a security council of the five major allied powers- the United States,
Britain, France, China and the Soviet Union- and seven other nations elected on a rotating
basis
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(Related) United Nations
An international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in
international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human
rights issues. It was founded in 1945 at the signing of the United Nations Charter by 50
countries, replacing the League of Nations, founded in 1919.
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(Related) United Nations (U.N.)
International body formed in 1945 to bring nations into dialogue in hopes of preventing
further world wars. Much like the former League of Nations, the UN was more realistic in
recognizing the authority of the Big Five Powers in keeping peace in the world. Thus, it
guaranteed veto power to all permanent members of its Security Council—Britain, China,
France, the Soviet Union, and the United States.
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(Related) United Nations
an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in
international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human
rights, and achievement of world peace; founded to replace the League of Nations; to stop
wars between countries, and to provide a platform for dialogue
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Containment doctrine
1947 attempt by Truman to present a coherent plan to the Soviet challenge. Crafted by
George Kennan the doctrine held that Russian was expansionary but the Kremlin was also
cautious and the flow of Soviet power would be controlled by containment.
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(Related) Containment Doctrine
A foreign policy strategy advocated by George Kennan that called for the United States to
isolate the Soviet Union, "contain" its advances, and resist its encroachments by peaceful
means if possible but by force if necessary.
https://quizlet.com/5220139/apush-chapter-36-key-terms-flash-cards/
(Related) containment doctrine
held that Russia, was relentlessly expansionary. Argued that the flow of Soviet power could
be stemmed by "firm and vigilant containment"
https://quizlet.com/5220139/apush-chapter-36-key-terms-flash-cards/
(Related) containment doctrine
a foreign policy strategy advocated by George Kennan that called for the United States to
isolate the Soviet Union, "contain" its advances, and resist its enroachments by peaceful
means if possible, but by force if necessary.
https://quizlet.com/5220139/apush-chapter-36-key-terms-flash-cards/
(Related) containment doctrine
America's strategy against the Soviet Union basedf on the ideas of George Kennan; it
declared that the Soviet Union and communism were inherently expansionist and had to be
stopped from spreading through both military and political pressure and, as a result,
guided American foreign policy throughout most of the Cold War
https://quizlet.com/5220139/apush-chapter-36-key-terms-flash-cards/
Truman Doctrine
First established in 1947 after Britain no longer could afford to provide anti-communist
aid to Greece and Turkey, it pledged to provide U.S. military and economic aid to any
nation threatened by communism.
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(Related) Truman Doctrine (1947)
President Truman's universal pledge of support for any people fighting any communist or
communist-inspired threat; presented to Congress in support of his request for $400 million
to defend Greece and Turkey against Soviet-backed insurgencies
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(Related) Truman Doctrine/Containment
Stated that the U.S. would support Greece and Turkey with economic and military aid to
prevent their falling into the Soviet sphere. Stopping the spread of the sphere of
communist influence.
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(Related) Truman Doctrine
First established in 1947 after Britain no longer could afford to provide anti-communist
aid to Greece and Turkey, it pledged to provide U.S. military and economic aid to any
nation threatened by communism.
https://quizlet.com/5350618/apush-chapter-36-key-terms-and-people-flash-cards/
(Related) Truman Doctrine
1947 - Stated that the U.S. would support any nation threatened by Communism.
https://quizlet.com/5350618/apush-chapter-36-key-terms-and-people-flash-cards/
Marshall Plan
Secretary of State George C. Marshall spoke at Harvard University in June 1947 pledging
that the United States would contribute billions of dollars to help Europe with their
economic recovery. The Marshall Plan was able to offer a positive vision just like the
policy of containment did. The plan wanted to get ride of the idea that capitalism was
declining and communism would be the future.
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(Related) The Marshall Plan
772, A document created after WWII which provided food and economic help to European
countries struggling from the war. Soviets would not accept help.
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(Related) Marshall Plan
Introduced by Secretary of State George G. Marshall in 1947, he proposed massive and
systematic American economic aid to Europe to revitalize the European economies after WWII
and help prevent the spread of Communism.
https://quizlet.com/5222989/apush-chapter-29-flash-cards/
(Related) Marshall Plan
1947, $5.3 billion to Europe to help rebuild post-war; mainly raw materials, food and fuel;
underlying purpose of preventing communism; Soviets attempt to imitate with their own
Molotov Plan- failure
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(Related) Marshall Plan
Secretary of State, George C. Marshall's plan to provide economic assistance to all
European nations that would join in drafting a program for recovery. Sixteen western
nations participated.
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Berlin airlift (1948)
Year-long mission of flying food and supplies to blockaded West Berliners, whom the Soviet
Union cut off from access to the West in the first major crisis of the Cold War. (928)
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(Related) Berlin Airlift
Successful effort by the United States and Britain to ship by air 2.3 million tons of
supplies to the residents of the Western-controlled sectors of Berlin from June 1948 to May
1949, in response to a Soviet blockade of all land and canal routes to the divided city.
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(Related) Berlin Airlift
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Russia suddenly cut off the railway to West Berlin (1948) in attempt to strangle West
Berlin into giving itself over to the East.America's response was the Berlin Airlift where
the U.S. simply flew in needed supplies to West Berlin.
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(Related) Berlin Airlift
Truman's move to prevent the removal of US troops from Berlin, while also helping the
troops to survive. He ordered US planes to fly in supplies to the people of West Berlin,
and also sent 60 bombers capable of carrying atomic bombs to bases in England.
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(Related) Berlin Airlift
Joint effort by the US and Britian to fly food and supplies into W Berlin after the Soviet
blocked off all ground routes into the city
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (est. 1949)
military alliance of Western European powers and the United States and Canada established
to defend against the common threat from the Soviet Union, marking a giant stride forward
for European unity and American internationalism
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Warsaw Pact
-Alliance between Eastern Europeans and the Soviets in 1955-Red military counterweight to
the acceptance of Germany into NATO
https://quizlet.com/10603165/apush-chapters-36-38-flash-cards/
(Related) Warsaw Pact
treaty signed in 1945 that formed an alliance of the Eastern European countries behind the
Iron Curtain; USSR, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and
Romania
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(Related) Warsaw Pact
A military alliance formed in 1955 by the Soviet Union and its East European satellite
nations. Became the counter-alliance to NATO. Both alliance systems planned action in the
event of hostilities.
https://quizlet.com/10603165/apush-chapters-36-38-flash-cards/
(Related) Warsaw Pact
treaty signed in 1945 that formed an alliance of the Eastern European countries behind the
Iron Curtain; USSR, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and
Romania, The 1955 treaty binding the Soviet Union and countries of eastern Europe in an
alliance against the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. (p. 836)
https://quizlet.com/10603165/apush-chapters-36-38-flash-cards/
(Related) Warsaw Pact
treaty signed in 1945 that formed an alliance of the Eastern European countries behind the
Iron Curtain; USSR, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and
Romania
https://quizlet.com/10603165/apush-chapters-36-38-flash-cards/
National Security Council Paper 68 (NSC-68)
Policy statement that committed the United States to a military approach to the Cold War
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(Related) NSC-68
A document that pushed for a large build up of the U.S military. It allowed the U.S to
quickly build up its military for the Korean conflict. National Securtiy Council memo #68
U.S. "strive for victory" in cold war, pressed for offensive and a gross increase ($37 bil)
in defense spending, determined US foreign policy for the next 20-30 years
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(Related) National Security Council Memorandum Number 68 (NSC-68) (1950)
National Security Council recommendation to quadruple defense spending and rapidly expand
peace-time armed forces to address Cold War tensions; it reflected a new militarization of
American foreign policy but the huge costs of rearmament were not expected to interfere
with what seemed like the limitless possibilities of postwar prosperity
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(Related) NSC-68 (1950)
Report in which the National Security Council recommended quadrupling US gov defense
spending to 20% of GNP, forming alliances with non-Communist countries, and convincing the
American public that a costly arms buildup was imperative to the nation's defense
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(Related) NSC-68
1950; a secret policy statement proposed by the National Security Council that called for a
large, ongoing military commitment to contain Soviet Communism. It was accepted by Truman
after the N Korean invasion of S Korea
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Loyalty Review Board
Reactionary policy under Truman to answer public hysteria over communist infiltration in
the late 1940's and early 1950's into the US Government.
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(Related) Loyalty Review Board
-Part of Truman foreign policy-Set up to spot out Communists among federal employees-Based
in House of Representatives-Succeeds at making people afraid to become a part of CommunismPeople become concerned that other people are watching them-Ineffective at finding
Communists
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(Related) Loyalty Review Board
Established by Truman, investigated alleged communists holding government jobs
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Dennis et al. v. United States
This 1951 Supreme Court case upheld the constitutionality of the Smith Act of 1940.
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Alger Hiss
1950, was a U.S. State Department official involved in the establishment of the United
Nations. He was accused of being a Soviet spy in 1948 and convicted of perjury in
connection with this charge in 1950
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(Related) Alger Hiss
A former State Department official who was accused of being a Communist spy, he could not
be tried for espionage because of the statute of limitations
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(Related) Alger Hiss
An American lawyer, government official, author, and lecturer. He was involved in the
establishment of the United Nations both as a U.S. State Department and U.N. official. Hiss
was accused of being a Soviet spy in 1948 and convicted of perjury in connection with this
charge in 1950.
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(Related) Alger Hiss
A former State Department official who was accused of being a Communist spy (giving
classified documents to the Soviets) and was convicted of perjury. The case was prosecuted
by Richard Nixon.
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(Related) Alger Hiss case
In 1948 committee member Richard M. Nixon led the chase after Alger Hiss, a prominent exNew Dealer and a distinguished member of the "eastern establishment." accused of being a
communist agent in the 1930s, hiss demanded the right to defend himself. His dramatically
met his chief accuser before the Un-American Activities Committee in august but was
convicted of perjury.
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Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
Arrested in the Summer of 1950 and executed in 1953, they were convicted of conspiring to
commit espionage by passing plans for the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union.
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(Related) Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
Couple convicted of transmitting atomic secrets to the Russians and executed on June 19,
1953.
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(Related) Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
These two were Soviet spies sent to steal information and technology. They helped the
Soviets developed the atomic bomb, and their executions drew sympathy from those tired of
the "red-hunts"
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Federal Highway Act of 1956
Federal legislation signed by Dwight D. Eisenhower to construct thousands of miles of
modern highways in the name of national defense. Officially called the National Interstate
and Defense Highways Act, this bill dramatically increased the move to the suburbs, as
white middle-class people could more easily commute to urban jobs. (958)
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(Related) federal highway act of 1956
popularly known as the National Interstate and Defense Highways Act (Public Law 84-627),
was enacted on June 29, 1956, when Dwight D. Eisenhower signed this bill into law.
Appropriating $25 billion for the construction of 40,000 miles (64,000 km) of interstate
highways over a 10-year period, it was the largest public works project in American history
to that point.
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brinkmanship
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the act of pushing a situation to the verge of war in order to threaten and encourage one's
opponent to back down.
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(Related) "brinkmanship"
Brinkmanship was used first by the US Secretary John Foster Dulles during the Cold War
regarding his policy against the Soviet Union. Dulles defined the policy of brinkmanship as
"the ability to get to the verge without getting into the war". His critics blamed him for
damaging relations with communist states and contributing to the Cold War.
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(Related) John Foster Dulles; "brinkmanship"
Eisenhower's Secretary of State who would help shape U.S foreign policy during his
presidency. He saw Kennan and Truman's containment policy as too passive and wanted to
directly challenge the Soviet Union and the PRC. He wanted the U.S liberate the satellite
nations under the USSR and encouraged the Nationalist government of Taiwan to assert itself
against the Communist mainland. He declared that if America pushed the Communists into war,
they would back down because of American nuclear superiority. This pleased conservatives
but alarmed others, and Eisenhower kept him from carrying his ideas to an extreme. His
hardline was known as __________. He also supported massive retaliation.
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(Related) Brinkmanship
A 1956 term used by Secretary of State John Dulles to describe a policy of risking war in
order to protect national interests
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massive retaliation
a military doctrine and nuclear strategy in which a state commits itself to retaliate in
much greater force in the event of an attack.
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(Related) massive retaliation
The "new look" defense policy of the Eisenhower administration of the 1950's was to
threaten "massive retaliation" with nuclear weapons in response to any act of aggression by
a potential enemy.
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(Related) Massive Retaliation 1950s
- "new look" defense policy of the Eisenhower administration to threaten "massive
retaliation" with nuclear weapons in response to any act of aggression by a potential
enemyhttps://quizlet.com/5321492/unit-11-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) Massive Retaliation Significance
- purpose was to cut down conventional military spending and spend more on building bombs
and arms- ended up not
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(Related) Massive Retaliation Hungary bluff 1956
- Hungarians revolted for democratic reform b/c believed US would help them but the Soviets
ended up killing 10,000 Hungarians- according to MR, US supposed to threaten Soviets but
didn't b/c didn't think this was a big enough issue to start a world war over
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(Related) massive retaliation
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The "new look" defense policy of the Eisenhower administration of the 1950's was to
threaten "massive retaliation" with nuclear weapons in response to any act of aggression by
a potential enemy.
https://quizlet.com/5321492/unit-11-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) "Massive Retaliation"
The "new look" defense policy of the Eisenhower administration of the 1950's was to
threaten "massive retaliation" with nuclear weapons in response to any act of aggression by
a potential enemy.
https://quizlet.com/5321492/unit-11-apush-flash-cards/
Geneva Conference
A conference held to establish the government of Vietnam after the French decision to leave
the country. The agreement divided Vietnam on the 17th parallel, confining Ho Chi Minh's
government to the North. In the South, an independent government was headed by Diem.
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(Related) Geneva Conference
The Second Geneva Naval Conference was a conference held to discuss naval arms limitation,
held in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1932. Sixty nations, including USA, USSR and Germany, came
to the conference wanting a reduction in general arms. Some progress was made, but when
Hitler came into power in 1933 he took Germany out of the Geneva Conference and the League
of Nations, which was questionable but nothing was done about it. The Geneva conference
split the nation of Vietnam roughly in half along the seventeenth parallel, and established
a shaky peace in the nation of Laos.
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(Related) Geneva Conference in INdo-China, 1954
French called due to Vietnam's fall to nationalists. Split Vietnam at the 17th parallel.
Elections were to be held 2 years later to determine the joining of the two halves.
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(Related) Geneva Conference
A conference between many countries that agreed to end hostilities and restore peace in
French Indochina and Vietnam.
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(Related) Geneva Conference
A conference held in 1954 in which France agreed to give up Indochina. The region would be
divided into the independent nations of Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. Vietnam was to
temporarily divided at the 17th parallel until a general election could be held. However,
this election was never held.
https://quizlet.com/10938135/apush-the-eisenhower-years-1952-1960-flash-cards/
Domino Theory
Made by President Eisenhower: if S Vietnam fell under Communist Control, one nation after
another in SE Asia would also fall, until Australia and New Zealand were in dire danger.
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(Related) Domino theory
A 20th Century Foreign Policytheory, promoted by the government of the United States that
speculated if one land in a region came under the influence of Communists, then more would
follow in a domino
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(Related) domino theory
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a theory during the 1950's to 1980's which speculated that if one land in a region came
under the influence of communism, then the surrounding countries would follow in a...
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(Related) Domino Theory
the political theory that if one nation comes under Communist control then neighboring
nations will also come under Communist control
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Suez crisis (1956)
International crisis launched when Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the
Suez Canal, which had been owned mostly by French and British stockholders. The crisis led
to a British and French attack on Egypt, which failed without aid from the United States.
The Suez Crisis marked an important turning point in the post-colonial Middle East and
highlighted the rising importance of oil in world affairs. (960)
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(Related) Suez Crisis
When Egyptian president Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal, British, French, and Israeli
forces staged a joint assault on Egypt, cutting off Western Europe's oil supply; when the
United States, who had been kept in the dark about the plan, refused to release emergency
oil supplies, the allies were compelled to withdraw troops and the United Nations was
forced to intervene.
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(Related) Suez crisis (1956)
international crisis launched when Egyptian President Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal,
which had been owned mostly by French and British stockholders. This crisis failed without
aid from the United States and marked an important turning point in the post-colonial
Middle East and highlighted the rising importance of oil in world affairs
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(Related) Suez Crisis
July 26, 1956, Nasser (leader of Egypt) nationalized the Suez Canal, Oct. 29, British,
French and Israeli forces attacked Egypt. UN forced British to withdraw; made it clear
Britain was no longer a world power
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(Related) Suez crisis
gravest crisis for Eisenhower; 1956 Egyptian leader Gamal Nassar seized Suez Canal; ENG/FRA
invaded Egypt and seized canal; Eisenhower opposed intervention and called for UN
resolution; ENG/FRA eventually ended invasion; voters reelected Eisenhower; US replaced ENG
and FRA as main Western influence in Middle East
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Eisenhower Doctrine
Pledged US forces to Middle Eastern countries facing Communist pressures
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(Related) Eisenhower Doctrine
pledges U.S. military and economic aid to Middle Eastern nations threatened by communist
aggression.
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(Related) Eisenhower Doctrine
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The Eisenhower Doctrine, given in a message to Congress on January 5, 1957, was the foreign
policy of US President Dwight D. Eisenhower. The doctrine stated that the United States
would use armed forces upon request in response to imminent or actual aggression to the
United States. Furthermore, countries that took stances opposed to Communism would be given
aid in various forms.
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(Related) Eisenhower Doctrine
Much like the Truman Doctrine, this doctrine was meant to provide financial assistance to
free nations under communist threat. However, this particular doctrine was pointed at the
Middle East
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(Related) 28. Eisenhower Doctrine Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
Arab nations of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iraq and Iran joined Venezuela to form OPEC in 1960,
E doctrine US pledged econ and military aid to any ME country threatened by communism, sent
troops to prevent a civil war in Lebanon b/w Christians and Muslims in Lebanon
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Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
Cartel comprising Middle Eastern states and Venezuela first organized in 1960. OPEC aimed
to control access to and prices of oil, wresting power from Western oil companies and
investors. In the process, it gradually strengthened the hand of non-Western powers on the
world stage. (961)
https://quizlet.com/79263435/apush-chapter-29-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
cartel formed in 1960 by the Persian Gulf states and other oil-rich developing countries
that allowed its members to exert greater control over the price of oil
https://quizlet.com/79263435/apush-chapter-29-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Organization of Petroleum Exporting countries (OPEC)
an intergovernmental organization of twelve developing countries, with a principal goal of
determining the best means for safeguarding the organization's interests, individually and
collectively.
https://quizlet.com/79263435/apush-chapter-29-vocab-flash-cards/
Sweatt V. Painter, 1950
Supreme Court case stating that the attempt to create a segregated UT Law School was
unconstitutional under the Equal Protection Clause
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(Related) Sweatt v. Painter (1950)
Segregated law school in Texas was held to be an illegal violation of civil rights, leading
to open enrollment. The Court ruled that separate professional schools for blacks failed to
meet the test of equality.
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(Related) Sweatt v. Painter (1950)
-ruled that blacks must be allowed to attend integrated law schools in OK and TX
https://quizlet.com/11108898/apush-eisenhower-vocab-flash-cards/
(Related) Sweatt v. Painter 1950
Challenged "separate but equal" doctrine of racial segregation. African American Heman
Sweatt was refused admission to the University of Texas by president Theophilus Painter
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How would you describe the role of the Warren Court on society and American politics?
Applied the Bill of Rights to the states under the 14th Amendment, gave more power to the
federal government, expanded civil rights and civil liberties (more rights to the accused)
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(Related) The Warren Court
Court created when Eisenhower appointed the previously conservative Earl Warren as chief
justice over William J. Brennan Jr. The court became a vehicle for social change and
advocate for individual rights.
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Brown v. Board of Education
the 1954 supreme court decision holding that school segregation in topeka, kansas, was
inherently unconstitutional because it violated the 14th amendment's guarantee of equal
protection. this case marked the end of legal segregation in the us.
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(Related) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
The Supreme Court reversed Plessy v. Ferguson in 1954 by ruling in favor of the
desegregation of schools. The court held that "separate but equal" violated the equal
protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and was unconstitutional. Refusing to force
the white south to accept the ruling, defiance toward the law sprang up. Many southerners
saw it as "an abuse of judiciary power."
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(Related) Brown v. Board of Education
(1954) *Equal ProtectionWhether black youths were being deprived of equal protection by the
law. Court rejects 'separate but equal' and declares it unconstitutional.
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(Related) Brown v. board of education of topeka
1954 supreme court ruling reversing the policy of segregation, declaring that seperate can
never be equal and a year later ordered the integration of all public schools with all
deliberate speed society became less racist
https://quizlet.com/10392790/apush-supreme-court-cases-flash-cards/
Montgomery bus Boycott
In 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus, Dr.
Martin L. King led a boycott of city busses. After 11 months the Supreme Court ruled that
segregation of public transportation was illegal.
https://quizlet.com/15304048/chapter-27-terms-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) Montgomery Bus Boycott
In 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus, Dr.
Martin L. King led a boycott of city busses. After 11 months the Supreme Court ruled that
segregation of public transportation was illegal.
https://quizlet.com/15304048/chapter-27-terms-apush-flash-cards/
(Related) Montgomery Bus Boycott
After Rosa Parks is arrested, MLK rallies the black community to do this. This seriously
hurt the bus companies. This lasted more than a year, and ended in '56 when the SC declared
segregated buses unconstitutional.
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(Related) Montgomery Bus Boycott
In 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus, Dr.
Martin L. King led a boycott of city busses. After 11 months the Supreme Court ruled that
segregation of public transportation was illegal.
https://quizlet.com/15304048/chapter-27-terms-apush-flash-cards/
Martin Luther King, Jr.
-Reverend at Montgomery's Dexter Avenue Baptist Church-Great oratorical skill, passionate
devotion to biblical and constitutional conceptions of justice, and devotion to nonviolent
principles of Gandhi thrust him to the forefront of the Civil Rights movement-Formed the
SCLC
https://quizlet.com/79951984/apush-chapter-29-flash-cards/
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) 1957
Aimed to mobilize the vast power of the black churches on behalf of black rights.
https://quizlet.com/38502395/apush-ch-27-ids-flash-cards/
(Related) Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
-Organization formed by MLK in 1957-Aimed to mobilize the vast power of the black churches
on behalf of black rights-Trained and tested African Americans for ability to remain calm
so they could participate nonviolently in marches and "sit ins"
https://quizlet.com/38502395/apush-ch-27-ids-flash-cards/
(Related) Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
Civil Rights organization made up mostly of black clergy, established in 1957 to coordinate
local protests against segregation and disfranchisement. MLK Jr. became its head and Ella
baker its key organizer.
https://quizlet.com/38502395/apush-ch-27-ids-flash-cards/
Freedom riders
Group of civil rights workers who took bus trips through southern states in 1961 to protest
illegal bus segregation.
https://quizlet.com/79048689/apush-chapter-38-key-terms-flash-cards/
(Related) Freedom Riders
Group of civil rights workers who took bus trips through southern states in 1961 to protest
illegal bus segregation
https://quizlet.com/79048689/apush-chapter-38-key-terms-flash-cards/
(Related) Freedom Riders (1961)
organized mixed-race groups who rode interstate buses deep into the South to draw attention
to and protest racial segregation, beginning in 1961. This effort by northern young people
to challenge racism proved a political and public relations success for the Civil Rights
Movement
https://quizlet.com/79048689/apush-chapter-38-key-terms-flash-cards/
(Related) Freedom Riders
Civil Rights activists who traveled across the South on a crusade to end segregation in
facilities serving interstate bus passengers; their efforts were frequently met with
protests and violence; when southern officials failed to come to their aid, JFK dispatched
federal marshals to protect the riders.
https://quizlet.com/79048689/apush-chapter-38-key-terms-flash-cards/
Freedom Summer
In 1964, when blacks and whites together challenged segregation and led a massive drive to
register blacks to vote.
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(Related) Freedom Summer
Massive voter registration drive held in Mississippi in 1964 and staffed by both black and
white civil rights workers; struck by brutal violence when three workers were found
murdered; white juries refused to convict the alleged perpetrators; in the end, only a
handful of black Mississippians succeeded in registering to vote.
https://quizlet.com/10940069/apush-ch-28-review-flash-cards/
(Related) Freedom Summer (1964)
a voter registration drive in Mississippi spearheaded by the collaboration of civil rights
groups, the campaign drew the activism of thousands of black and white civil rights
workers, many of whom were students from the north, and was marred by the abduction and
murder of three such workers at the hands of white racists
https://quizlet.com/10940069/apush-ch-28-review-flash-cards/
(Related) Freedom Summer
a campaign in the United States launched in June 1964 to attempt to register as many
African American voters as possible in Mississippi, which up to that time had almost
totally excluded black voters. The project was organized by the Council of Federated
Organizations (COFO), a coalition of four established civil rights organizations: the
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the Congress of Racial
Equality (CORE), the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) and the Student
Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), with SNCC playing the lead role.
https://quizlet.com/10940069/apush-ch-28-review-flash-cards/
(Related) Freedom Summer
A campaign in June 1964 to attempt to register as many African American voters as possible
in Mississippi, which up to that time had almost totally excluded black voters. Organized
by CORE, SNCC, NAACP etc.
https://quizlet.com/10940069/apush-ch-28-review-flash-cards/
Operation Wetback (1954)
A government program to roundup and deport as many as one million illegal Mexican migrant
workers in the United States. The program was promoted in part by the Mexican government
and reflected burgeoning concerns about non-European immigration to America. (957)
https://quizlet.com/10142295/3-apush-chapter-37-vocabulary-flash-cards/
(Related) operation wetback
deportation of illegal Mexican immigrants (end of bracero program)
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(Related) Operation Wetback
was an immigration law enforcement initiative created by Director of the Immigration and
Naturalization Service Joseph Swing. The program was implemented in May of 1954 by the U.S.
Attorney General Herbert Brownell, and utilized special tactics to combat the problem of
illegal border crossing and residence in the United States by Mexican nationals. [1]
Ultimately, the program came as a result of pressure from the Mexican government to stop
illegal entry of Mexican Laborers in the United States based largely on the Bracero
Program. After implementation, Operation Wetback was met with allegations of abuse and
suspension of certain civil rights of Mexicans that were captured and deported by U.S.
Border Patrol. [2]
https://quizlet.com/10142295/3-apush-chapter-37-vocabulary-flash-cards/
(Related) Operation Wetback
Massive roundup of one million illegal Mexican immigrants; a response to the Mexican
government's concerns that illegal immigration would undercut the bracero program.
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(Related) Operation Wetback (1954)
a government program to roudup and deport as many as one million illegal Mexican migrant
workers in the United States. The program was promoted in part by the Mexican government
and reflected burgeoning concerns about non-European immigration fo America
https://quizlet.com/10142295/3-apush-chapter-37-vocabulary-flash-cards/
Jack Kerouac
"On the Road"; first to use the term 'Beat Generation'; experience of the Beat experiece of
America
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(Related) Jack Kerouac
A key author of the Beat movement whose best selling novel, "On the Road," helped define
the movement with it's featured frenzied prose and plotless ramblings.
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(Related) Jack Kerouac
wrote On the Road; set the tone for beat movement
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(Related) Jack Kerouac, On the Road
He produced what may have been known the bible of the Beat Generation. His novel was an
account of a cross-country automobile trip that depicted the rootless, iconoclastic
lifestyle of Kerouac and his friends.
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(Related) jack kerouac/ on the road
produced the most popular document of the Beat Generation in his novel, which was an
account of a cross-country automobile trip that depicted the rootless, iconoclastic
lifestyle of Kerouac and his friends.
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Consumerism
concentration on producing and distributing goods for a market which must constantly be
enlarged
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(Related) Growth of mass consumption/ Consumerism
in the 1920s, an increasing # of americans could buy things not only for subsistence, but
also for pleasure. Middle (and upper) class people, esp. women, purchased home appliances
(revolutionized housework), accessories, cosmetics, mass-produced fashions, and above all,
automobiles.
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(Related) Consumerism
electricity enabled millions of Americans to purchase new appliances, automobiles,
advertising expanded as shops could appeal to status and popularity of products, customers
bought on CREDIT
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(Related) consumerism
a movement advocating greater protection of the interests of consumers
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(Related) consumerism
promotion of interest of consumers; 1920s consumerism increased and so did spending &
advertising
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Election of 1960
Kennedy vs. Nixon, Kennedy (due to televised charisma) won over Nixon (pale and nervous)
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New Frontier
The campaign program advocated by JFK in the 1960 election. He promised to revitalize the
stagnant economy and enact reform legislation in education, health care, and civil rights.
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(Related) New Frontier
Kennedy's plan, supports civil rights, pushes for a space program, wans to cut taxes, and
increase spending for defense and military
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(Related) New Frontier
The campaign program advocated by JFK in the 1960 election. He promised to revitalize the
stagnant economy and enact reform legislation in education, health care, and civil rights.
https://quizlet.com/12274561/apush-ch-38-flash-cards/
(Related) New Frontier (1961-1963)
President Kennedy's nickname for his domestic policy agenda. Buoyed by youthful optimism,
the program included proposals for the Peace Corps and efforts to improve education and
health care
https://quizlet.com/12274561/apush-ch-38-flash-cards/
(Related) What was new about the New Frontier?
The 1960s would bring a sexual revolution, a civil rightsrevolution, the emergence of a
"youth culture," adevastating war in Vietnam, and the beginnings of a feminist revolution.
JFK delivered a stirring inaugural address ("Ask not, what your country can do for
you..."), and he also assembled a very young cabinet, including his brother, Robert
Kennedy, as attorney general. Robert Kennedy tried to recast the priorities of the FBI, but
was resisted by J. Edgar Hoover. Business whiz Robert S. McNamara took over the Defense
Department. Early on, JFK proposed the Peace Corps, an army of idealist and mostly youthful
volunteers to bring American skills to underdeveloped countries.
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(Related) Assess the effectiveness of New Frontier domestic policies.
JFK did expand the House Rules Committee, but his program didn't expand quickly, as medical
and education bills remained stalled in Congress. JFK also had to keep a lid on inflation
and maintain a good economy. However, almost immediately into his term, steel management
announced great price increases, igniting the fury of the president, but JFK also earned
fiery attacks by big business against the New Frontier.
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Alliance for Progress
was dubbed the"Marshall Plan for Latin America," and it aimed to closethe rich-poor gap in
Latin American and thus stem communism
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(Related) Alliance for Progress
Alliance of Progress - this was a Marshall Plan for Latin America that was suggested by
President Kennedy to help the Good Neighbors close the gap between the rich and the poor
and to help quiet the communist agitation. It was unsuccessful because there was little
alliance and no progress.
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(Related) Alliance for progress
a program in which the United States tried to help Latin American countries overcome
poverty and other problems, 1961-63; JFK economic policy towards S.America, 10 yr.
development plan where JFK promised Latin Amer. leaders that U.S. would
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(Related) Alliance for Progress
The Alliance was a "Marshall Plan" for Latin America. Its purpose was to strengthen
democracy and give economic aid to help the region resist communism. • The program, which
provided loans and aid from the United States and the international financial community,
built some schools and hospitals, but by the early 1970s it was widely viewed as a failure.
https://quizlet.com/4862768/apush-38-flash-cards/
(Related) Alliance for Progress
this was a Marshall Plan for Latin America that was suggested by President Kennedy to help
the Good Neighbors close the gap between the rich and the poor and to help quiet the
communist agitation. It was unsuccessful because there was little alliance and no progress.
https://quizlet.com/4862768/apush-38-flash-cards/
Bay of Pigs Invasion
Failed plot to remove Fidel Castro from power by sending twelve hundred anticommunist
exiles to invade Cuba; the invasion was unsuccessful and the band of exiles was forced to
surrender.
https://quizlet.com/2143482/apush-unit-16-ids-flash-cards/
(Related) Bay of Pigs invasion (1961)
CIA plot in 1961 to overthrow Fidel Castro by training Cuban exiles to invade and
supporting them with American air power; the mission failed and became a public relations
disaster early in JFK's presidency
https://quizlet.com/2143482/apush-unit-16-ids-flash-cards/
Cuban Missile Crisis
an international crisis in October 1962, the closest approach to nuclear war at any time
between the U.S. and the USSR. When the U.S. discovered Soviet nuclear missiles on Cuba,
President John F. Kennedy demanded their removal and announced a naval blockade of the
island; the Soviet leader Khrushchev agreed to the U.S. demands a week later. We also
removed nuclear missiles in Cuba. The crisis was the closest the world came to nuclear war.
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(Related) Cuban Missile Crisis
In October 1962, the United States and the Soviet Union came close to nuclear war when
President Kennedy insisted that Nikita Khrushchev (leader of the USSR) remove the 42
missiles he had secretly inserted in Cuba. The Soviets eventually did so, nuclear war was
averted, and the crisis ended.
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(Related) Cuban Missile Crisis
The Cuban Missile Crisis was an incident where Soviet missiles were placed in Cuba as a
response for help. The event greatly increased tensions between the Soviets and the
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Americans. As a result, a hotline was established between the two nations to avoid any
accidents.
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(Related) Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)
To compensate for the fact that the US has a massive stockpile of military technology that
the Soviets simply cannot hope to match, Khrushchev orders 60 missiles to be brought into
Cuba. American U2 planes observe launch pads and report back, immediately drawing concern.
Quarantine immediately enacted around Cuba to prevent any more missiles from coming in and
JFK demands that the missiles be removed. He is met with two letters, one very belligerent
and the other more compromising. He decides to ignore the feisty one. Khrushchev and JFK
come to the agreement that the missiles in Cuba will be removed as long as the US promises
to forgo any further plans to invade Cuba or overthrow Castro as well as remove the
missiles from Turkey. While JFK made a big deal about complying with the first part of the
terms, the second was done under the table to preserve the strong American image.
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(Related) Cuban Missile crisis 1962
USSR installed missiles in Cuba. JFK threatened a full scale attack; instead delivered a
public ultimatum to the Soviets. Soviets agree to withdraw missiles and Kennedy agree to
keep Castro in power and withdraw missiles in Turkey
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Flexible Response
the buildup of conventional troops and weapons to allow a nation to fight a limited war
without using nuclear weapons
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(Related) Flexible Response
the buildup of conventional troops and weapons to allow a nation to fight a limited war
without using nuclear weapons
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(Related) Why did Kennedy believe that a policy of flexible response could better meet the
foreign problems of the 1960's?
Defense Secretary McNamara pushed a strategy of "flexible response," which developed an
array of military options that could match the gravity of whatever crises came to hand. One
of these was the Green Berets, AKA, the "Special Forces".
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(Related) Flexible Response
the buildup of conventional troops and weapons to allow a nation to fight a limited war
without using nuclear weapons
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(Related) Why was it difficult to use flexible response to deal with the situation in South
Vietnam?
Defense Secretary McNamara pushed a strategy of "flexible response," which developed an
array of military options that could match the gravity of whatever crises came to hand. One
of these was the Green Berets, AKA, the "Special Forces".
https://quizlet.com/5163925/apush-chapter-38-39-flash-cards/
(Related) Flexible Response
First goal of JFK admin was to build up nation's armed forces warning that the Soviets were
opening a missile gap. Already, the US had a great nuclear arsenal but the new admin wanted
to put the Sovieys on the defensive so they increased their arsenal which created, if it
ever happened, a successful first strike. JFK admin augmented conventional military
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strength. Sec of Defense McNamara developed plans to add 5-combat ready army divisions and
JFK started to like coutnerinsurgency. JFK wanted to build up the nuclear weapons so the US
could call on a wide spectrum of force for a communist threat. Only danger was that the US
could test its strength against Soviet Union.
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(Related) Flexible Response
President Kennedy revised the Eisenhower military doctrine of massive retaliation that
relied on nuclear threats to this new doctrine that put more emphasis on conventional
forces and counterinsurgency warfare
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(Related) Flexible Response
Kennedy's plan to deal with foreign powers by not always resorting to nuclear weapons but
using specialist like the Green Beret
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The Other America
This novel was an influential study of the poverty in the U.S., published by Michael
Harrington & it was the driving force behind the "war on poverty." 1/5 of the U.S. was
living below the poverty line.
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(Related) Michael Harrington's The Other America
(1962) The book that inspires LBJ to create the Great Society: emphasizes the idea is that
poverty still exists in the US.
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(Related) The Other America
1962, written by Michael Harrington;poignant and influential report on poverty in
America;the book played an important role in awakening JFK's interest in the poor and
showed the way for LBJ's War on Poverty.
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(Related) The Other America
(1962)-This novel was an influential study of poverty in the U.S, published by Michael
Harrington & it was a driving force behind the "war on poverty." 1/5 of U.S was living
below poverty line.
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(Related) The Other America, 1962
Michael Harrington This novel was an influential study of poverty in the U.S, published
which was a driving force behind the "war on poverty." Claimed that one-fifth of U.S.
citizens were living below poverty line.
https://quizlet.com/11174135/apush-chapter-38-vocab-flash-cards/
Silent Spring
A book written (Rachel Carson) to voice the concerns of environmentalists. Launched the
environmentalist movement by pointing out the effects of civilization development.
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(Related) 1485. Rachel Carson, Silent Spring
An American marine biologist wrote in 1962 about her suspicion that the pesticide DDT, by
entering the food chain and eventually concentrating in higher animals, caused reproductive
dysfunctions. In 1973, DDT was banned in the U.S. except for use in extreme health
emergencies.
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Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
an agency of the federal government of the United States charged with protecting human
health and the environment, by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by
Congress. The EPA was proposed by President Richard Nixon
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Civil Rights Act of 1964
This act made racial, religious, and sex discrimination by employers illegal and gave the
government the power to enforce all laws governing civil rights, including desegregation of
schools and public places.
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(Related) Civil Rights Act of 1964
Passed by LBJ, outlawed public segreg and discrim, forbade racial discrim in the workplace
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(Related) Civil Rights Act of 1964
Passed by LBJ, outlawed public segreg and discrim, forbade racial discrim in the workplace
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(Related) Civil Rights Act of 1964
This act made racial, religious, and sex discrimination by employers illegal and gave the
government the power to enforce all laws governing civil rights, including desegregation of
schools and public places.
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24th Amendment
eliminated poll tax as a prerequisite to vote
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(Related) 24th Amendment
Poll taxes prohibited. The right to vote cannot be denied based on the paying or non-paying
of a poll tax. (1964)
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(Related) 24th Amendment
prohibited states from requiring payment of a poll tax as a condition for voting in federal
elections
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(Related) 24th amendment
Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1964) eliminated the poll tax as a prerequisite to vote
in national elections.
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(Related) 24th Amendment
1964Poll tax abolished.Congress has the power to enforce this via legislation.
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Voting Rights Act of 1965
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a law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African American suffrage. Under
the law, hundreds of thousands of African Americans were registered and the number of
African American elected officials increased dramatically.
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(Related) Voting Rights Act of 1965
1965; invalidated the use of any test or device to deny the vote and authorized federal
examiners to register voters in states that had disenfranchised blacks; as more blacks
became politically active and elected black representatives, it rboguth jobs, contracts,
and facilities and services for the black community, encouraging greater social equality
and decreasing the wealth and education gap
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(Related) Voting Rights Act of 1965
effectively banned literacy tests for voting rights and provided for federal registrars to
assure the franchise to minority voters
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March on Washington (1963)
massive civil rights demonstration in August 1963 in support of Kennedy-backed legislation
to secure legal proections for American blacks. One of the most visually impressive
manifestations of the Civil Rights Movement, it was the occasion of Martin Luther King's
famous "I Have a Dream" speech
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(Related) March on Washington
Peaceful demonstration led by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr, and attended by 200,000 black and
white supporters, in August 1963 at the Lincoln Memorial; King gave his legendary "I Have a
Dream" speech, calling for civil rights legislation and an end to racial discrimination.
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(Related) March on Washington
In August 1963, civil rights leaders organized a massive rally in Washington to urge
passage of President Kennedy's civil rights bill. The high point came when MLK Jr., gave
his "I Have a Dream" speech to more than 200,000 marchers in front of the Lincoln Memorial.
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(Related) March on Washington
a large political rally that took place in Washington, D.C. on August 28, 1963. Martin
Luther King, Jr. delivered his historic "I Have a Dream" speech advocating racial harmony
at the Lincoln Memorial during the march. widely credited as helping lead to the Civil
Rights Act (1964) and the National Voting Rights Act (1965). 80% of the marchers were
black. a. Philip Randolph.
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(Related) KKK March on Washington
attended by thousands upon thousands of people, the KKK marched through the streets of
Washington wrapped in American flags, illustrating just how much control they had over the
political system.
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Malcolm X
Minister of the Nation of Islam, urged blacks to claim their rights by any means necessary,
more radical than other civil rights leaders of the time.
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(Related) Malcolm X
Malcolm X was a Black Muslim minister in the Nation of Islam and an influential black
leader who moved away from King's non-violent methods of civil disobedience. • Malcolm X
converted to Islam while he was in prison.• He spilt with the Black Muslim movement and
formed the Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU) which attracted thousands of young,
urban blacks with its message of socialism and self-help. • He initially advocated
nationalism, self-defense, and racial separation. • After a pilgrimage to Mecca, he began
publicly accepting the idea of cooperation between blacks and whites. • Malcolm X was
assassinated in 1965 while giving a speech in New York City. The assassins were said to be
Black Muslims, although this was never proved.
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(Related) Malcolm X
He was a member of the Black Muslims and the Black Power movement. His wanted to find
equality for black Americans using "any means necessary," and to separate, not integrate,
blacks and whites. Later in life he changed his views about working with white America and
was assassinated in 1965
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Black Panther party
organization of armed black militants formed in Oakland, California, in 1966 to protect
black rights. They represented a growing dissatisfaction with the non-violent wing of the
civil rights movement, and signaled a new direction to that movement after the legislative
victories of 1964-1965
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(Related) Black Panther Party
A group formed in 1966, inspired by the idea of Black Power, that provided aid to black
neighborhoods; often thought of as radical or violent.
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(Related) Black Panther Party
Militant black power organization; openly brandished weapons on the streets of Oakland,
California; their actions contrasted with the nonviolent tactics of Dr. King.
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(Related) Black Panther Party
A group formed in 1966, inspired by the idea of Black Power, that provided aid to black
neighborhoods; often thought of as radical or violent.
https://quizlet.com/22135795/apush-chapter-38-flash-cards/
Griswold v. Connecticut
-Supreme Court case in 1965-Struck down a state law that prohibited the use of
contraceptives-Proclaimed a "right of privacy" that soon provided the basis for decisions
protecting women's abortion rights
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(Related) Griswold v. Connecticut
struck down a state law that banned the use of contraceptives, even by married couples,
creating a "right to privacy."
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(Related) In Griswold v. Connecticut (1962), Supreme Court upheld a married couple's right
to use contraceptives based on
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- "a right of privacy" (p.952)
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(Related) Griswold v. Connecticut
A court that turned down the state law that prohibited thee of contraceptives(single and
married) due to a proclaimed "right of privacy."
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Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)
Founded in 1962, the SDS was a popular college student organization that protested
shortcomings in American life, notably racial injustice and the Vietnam War. It led
thousands of campus protests before it split apart at the end of the 1960s.
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(Related) Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)
College students who expressed disgust with illusionment of American society.
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(Related) Students for a Democratic Society
founded in Michigan 1962; radical organization wanted to rid American society of poverty,
racism, and violence; embraced liberal reforms; advocated participator democracy;
individual > group
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(Related) Students for a Democratic Society
Founded in 1962, the SDS was a popular college student organization that protested
shortcomings in American life, notably racial injustice and the Vietnam War. It led
thousands of campus protests before it split apart at the end of the 1960s.
https://quizlet.com/22681759/apush-chapter-30-flash-cards/
(Related) Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)
Founded in 1962, the SDS was a popular college student organization that protested
shortcomings in American life, notably racial injustice and the Vietnam War. It led
thousands of campus protests before it split apart at the end of the 1960s.
https://quizlet.com/22681759/apush-chapter-30-flash-cards/
The Feminine Mystique
Classic feminist protest literature, written by Betty Friedan, that helped launch the
modern women's movement; an indictment of the "stifling boredom" of suburban housewifery.
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(Related) The Feminine Mystique
(1963) Best-selling book by feminist thinker Betty Friedan. This work challenged women to
move beyond the drudgery of suburban housewifery and helped launch what would become
second-wave feminism. (945)
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(Related) The Feminine Mystique
1963 - Betty Friedan depicted how difficult a woman's life is because she doesn't think
about herself, only her family. It said that middle-class society stifled women and didn't
let them use their talents. Attacked the "cult of domesticity."
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gulf of tonkin resolution
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The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was a joint resolution of the U.S. Congress passed on August
7, 1964 in direct response to a minor naval engagement known as the Gulf of Tonkin
Incident. It is of historical significance because it gave U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson
authorization, without a formal declaration of war by Congress, for the use of military
force in Southeast Asia.
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(Related) Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was a joint resolution of the U.S. Congress passed on August
7, 1964 in direct response to a minor naval engagement known as the Gulf of Tonkin
Incident. It is of historical significance because it gave U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson
authorization, without a formal declaration of war by Congress, for the use of military
force in Southeast Asia.
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(Related) Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
This increased the power of the executive branch to engage in the Vietnam war. It was later
discovered that the u.S. destroyers had actually been assisting the South Vietnamese in
attacking their northern neighbor and, thus, the attacks were not "unprovoked".
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(Related) Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
A joint resolution of the U.S. Congress passed on August 7, 1964 in direct response to a
minor naval engagement known as the Gulf of Tonkin Incident. It is of historical
significance because it gave U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson authorization, without a
formal declaration of war by Congress, for the use of military force in Southeast Asia.
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Tet offensive
1968; National Liberation Front and North Vietnamese forces launched a huge attack on the
Vietnamese New Year (Tet), which was defeated after a month of fighting and many thousands
of casualties; major defeat for communism, but Americans reacted sharply, with declining
approval of LBJ and more anti-war sentiment
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(Related) Tet Offensive
1968; National Liberation Front and North Vietnamese forces launched a huge attack on the
Vietnamese New Year (Tet), which was defeated after a month of fighting and many thousands
of casualties; major defeat for communism, but Americans reacted sharply, with declining
approval of LBJ and more anti-war sentiment
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(Related) Tet Offensive
1968; National Liberation Front and North Vietnamese forces launched a huge attack on the
Vietnamese New Year (Tet), which was defeated after a month of fighting and many thousands
of casualties; major defeat for communism, but Americans reacted sharply, with declining
approval of LBJ and more anti-war sentiment
https://quizlet.com/10949983/apush-unit-8-part-2-flash-cards/
(Related) Tet Offensive
The name given to a campaign in January 1968 by the Viet Cong to attack twenty-seven South
Vietnamese cities, including Saigon. It ended in a military defeat for the Viet Cong, but
at the same time, proved that Johnson's "gradual escalation" strategy was not working,
shocking an American public that believed the Vietnam conflict was a sure victory
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(Related) Tet Offensive
In February 1968, the Viet Cong (communist guerrillas) in South Vietnam launched a major
offensive, hoping to provoke widespread rebellion in the country. The effort failed, but
the psychological impact on South Vietnam and the United States made it a great victory for
the Viet Cong and North Vietnam. The United States thereafter reversed its policy of
escalation and began a policy of Vietnamization of the war
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credibility gap
the gap between what the government said (the war is going great) and the reality (it
wasn't).
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(Related) Credibility Gap
This was the gap between the people and the government that grew as the people became
disillusioned with the Vietnam war and Watergate.
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(Related) Credibility Gap
This was the gap between the people and the government that grew as the people became
disillusioned with the Vietnam war and Watergate.
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(Related) Credibility Gap
A lack of popular confidence in the truth of the claims or public statements made by the
federal government, large corporations, politicians, etc.
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(Related) Credibility Gap
This was the gap between the people and the government that grew as the people became
disillusioned with the Vietnam war and Watergate.
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Election of 1968
- divided demo pt because of crap going on in Vietnam/LA/Cold War- George Wallace - third
party (American Independent Party); appealed to Americans upset by violence--- won 5
states, support in N states--- segregationist
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(Related) 1968 election
Richard Nixon (Rep), Hubert Humphrey (Dem), and George Wallace (Am. Independent); After all
of the turbulent events of 1968, America experienced a conservative backlash. George
Wallace gained support as a third-party candidate basing his campaign on conservative
grievances. But Nixon, returning from a loss in the last election ran successfully on a
vision of stability, law and order, government reattachment, and peace with honor in
Vietnam. Despite a last minute serge by Humphrey, Nixon pulled out a slight victory.
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(Related) 1968
"To some, 1968 was the year of sex, drugs, and rock and roll. Yet it was also the year of
the Martin Luther King, Jr., and Bobby Kennedy assassinations; the riots at the Democratic
National Convention in Chicago; Prague Spring; the antiwar movement and the Tet Offensive;
Black Power; the generation gap; avant-garde theater; the upsurge of the women's movement;
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and the beginning of the end for the Soviet Union" - 1968: The Year That Rocked the World,
Mark Kurlansky
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(Related) Democratic Convention 1968
In Chicago. Democratic delegates gathered to nominate Vice-president Hubert Humphrey while
anti-war protestor gathered outside to take advantage of television coverage to get their
message across. Delegates inside the convention were bitterly divided by war policies and
there were charges of discrimination and tampering (made by supporters of George McGovern
and Eugene McCarthy--two challengers to Humphrey). The hall was protected with barbed wire,
and police officers to keep the protesters away. Police and protestors battled in the
streets of Chicago. Consequences: Democrats were divided and lost the 1968 election,
reforms to the nominated process (it had largely been in the hands of party leadership, but
changed to primaries and caucuses), and the "Chicago Seven" were arrested and tried for
rioting--many of them leaders of protest movements.
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(Related) Election of 1968
At the end of a difficult year, the presidential election of 1968 was held. Republican
candidate Richard Nixon appealed to a nation tired of violence and unrest. Nixon vowed he
would end the Vietnam War and win peace. Democratic nominee, Hubert Humphrey, Johnson's
vice president, seemed a continuation of the old politics. In the end, Richard Nixon won.
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(Related) Civil Rights Act of 1968
Prohibited discrimination based on race, religion, sex & national origin in employment &
housing.
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(Related) My Lai Massacre of 1968
American troops brutally massacred innocent women and children in the village of My Lai.
This illustrated the frustration and led to more opposition to the war.
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(Related) 1968 Democratic Convention
Held in a hotel in Chicago where delegates voted down a peace resolution and seemed ready
to nominate John's former vice, Hubert Humphrey, when protesters gathered for a rally
outside. Police beat/arrested them to break up the crowd as the violence was caught on
film. The Democrats still elected Humphrey.
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(Related) 1968 Election
On November 5, 1968, the Republican nominee, former Vice President Richard Nixon won the
election over the Democratic nominee, Vice President Hubert Humphrey. The election also
featured a strong third party effort by former Alabama Governor George Wallace. Because
Wallace's campaign promoted segregation, he proved to be a formidable candidate in the
South; no third-party candidate has won an entire state's electoral votes since.
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Henry Kissinger
As Nixon's national security advisor he met secretly with North Vietnamese officials to
negotiate peace; later, as Secretary of State, he aided the Israelis, who were under attack
from Soviet-armed Syrians and Egyptians.
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(Related) Henry Kissinger
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Nixon's national security adviser. He and his family escaped Hitler's anti-Jewish
persecutions. Former Harvard professor. In 1969, he had begun meeting secretly on Nixon's
behalf with North Vietnamese officials in Paris to negotiate an end to the war in Vietnam.
He was also preparing the president's path to Beijing and Moscow.
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(Related) Henry Kissinger
National Security Advisor and Secretary of State during the Nixon Administration, he was
responsible for negotiating an end to the Yom Kippur War as well as the Treaty of Paris
that led to a ceasefire in Vietnam in 1973
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(Related) Henry Kissinger
A Harvard professor whom Nixon appointed as his special assistant for national security
affairs. He quickly established dominance over Secretary of States and Defense. This man
and Nixon set out to find an acceptable solution to the stalemate in Vietnam.
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Vietnamization
President Richard Nixons strategy for ending U.S involvement in the vietnam war, involving
a gradual withdrawl of American troops and replacement of them with South Vietnamese forces
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(Related) Vietnamization
President Richard Nixons strategy for ending U.S involvement in the vietnam war, involving
a gradual withdrawl of American troops and replacement of them with South Vietnamese forces
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(Related) Vietnamization
Nixon's policy that involved withdrawing 540,000 US troops from South Vietnam over an
extended period of time. It also included a gradual take over of the South Vietnamese
taking responsibility of fighting their own war by American-provided money, weapons,
training, and advice.
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(Related) Vietnamization
Military strategy launched by Richard Nixon in 1969. The plan reduced the number of
American combat troops in Vietnam and left more of the fighting to the South Vietnamese,
who were supplied with American armor, tanks, and weaponry.
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(Related) Vietnamization
President Nixon's policy to withdraw the 540,000 U.S. troops in South Vietnam over an
extended period. It would bring and end to the war in 1973.
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Nixon Doctrine
Created during the Vietnam War. Stated that the US would honor its existing defense
commitments, but in the future other countries would have to fight their own wars without
support of American troops.
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(Related) Nixon Doctrine
President Nixon's plan for "peace with honor" in Vietnam stateing that the United States
would honor its existing defense commitments but, in the future, countries would have to
fight their own wars.
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(Related) Nixon Doctrine
A doctrine that stated that the United States would stay true to all of their existing
defense commitments but Asian and other countries would not be able to rely on large bodies
of American troops for support in the future.
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(Related) Nixon Doctrine
During the Vietnam War, the Nixon Doctrine was created. It stated that the United States
would honor its existing defense commitments, but in the future other countries would have
to fight their own wars without support of American troops.
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Kent State University
Site of an anti-war demonstration following the invasion of Cambodia in 1970; National
Guard members responded to the protest by firing into the crown, killing four and wounding
many more.
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(Related) Kent State University Shooting (1970)
Massacre of four college students by National Guardsmen on May 4, 1970, in Ohio. In
response to Nixon's announcement that he had expanded the Vietnam War into Cambodia,
college campuses across the country exploded in violence.
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My Lai Massacre (1968)
Military assault in a small Vietnamese village on March 16, 1968, in which American
soldiers under the command of 2nd Lieutenant William Calley murdered hundreds of unarmed
Vietnamese civilians, mostly women and children. The atrocity produced outrage and reduced
support for the war in America and around the world when details of the massacre and an
attempted cover-up were revealed in 1971.
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(Related) My Lai Massacre
In 1968 American troops massacred women and children in the Vietnamese village of My Lai;
this deepened American people's disgust for the Vietnam War.
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(Related) My Lai Massacre
1968 massacre of innocent women and children in a Vietnamese village by US troops; the
incident disgusted the American public when revealed in 1970, leading to deeper
demoralization and discontent.
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(Related) My Lai Massacre
1968, in which American troops had brutally massacred innocent women and children in the
village of My Lai, also led to more opposition to the war.
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(Related) My Lai Massacre
The mass murder conducted by a unit of the U.S. Army on March 16, 1968 of over 300 unarmed
citizens in South Vietnam, all of whom were civilians and a majority of whom were women,
children and elderly people; a symbol for those opposed to the war.
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Pentagon Papers
Top-secret documents, published by The New York Times in 1971, that showed the blunders and
deceptions that led the United States into the Vietnam War.
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(Related) Pentagon Papers
definition: A top-secret United States government report on the history of the internal
planning and policy-making process within the government itself concerning the Vietnam War
leaked by Daniel Ellsberg to the NYTimes importance: led to public distrust, especially of
Nixon
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(Related) Pentagon Papers
A 7,000-page top-secret United States government report on the history of the internal
planning and policy-making process within the government itself concerning the Vietnam War,
led to public distrust, especially of Nixon
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(Related) Pentagon Papers
During the Vietnam War, Daniel Ellsberg leaked confidential information to the press. These
Pentagon Papers revealed that the government had kept information about the war from
Congress and the public. At first Nixon tried to block New York Times from publishing the
information, but Congress ruled that the papers have the constitutional right to publish
any information they have. The Pentagon Papers caused Americans to believe that the U.S.
may lose the War in Vietnam.
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(Related) Pentagon Papers
Secret U.S. government report detailing early planning and policy decisions regarding the
Vietnam War under Presidents Kennedy and Johnson. Leaked to the New York Times in 1971, it
revealed instances of governmental secrecy, lies, and incompetence in the prosecution of
the war
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Paris Peace Accords, 1973
The accords ended the U.S. participation in the Vietnam War. North Vietnam agreed to an
armistice and the United States removed the last of its troops. North Vietnam also agreed
to return over 500 prisoners-of-war. In addition, the Accords also promised a cease-fire
and free elections.• This ended American participation in a war that cost over 58,000
American lives.• But it did not end the war between North and South Vietnam and thousands
of North Vietnamese troops were still in South Vietnam and everyone knew South Vietnam
would quickly fall after United States troops were withdrawn.
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(Related) paris peace accords
1973 peace agreement between the United States, South Vietnam, North Vietnam, and the
Vietcong that effectively ended the Vietnam War.
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(Related) Paris Peace Accords
U.S. signed a peace treaty with North Vietnam and began withdrawing troops. On April 25,
1975, South Vietnam was taken over by North Vietnam, in violation of the treaty.
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War Powers Act
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passed by congress in 1973; the president is limited in the deployment of troops overseas
to a sixty-day period in peacetime (which can be extended for an extra thirty days to
permit withdrawal) unless congress explicitly gives its approval for a longer period.
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(Related) War Powers Act:
The law required Nixon and any future president to report to Congress within 48 hours after
taking military action. It also provided that Congress would have to approve any military
action that lasted more than 60 days.- Significance: Resulted of the secret bombing of
neutral Cambodia.- Date: November 1973
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(Related) War Powers Act (1973)
decreased presidents powers as commander in chieft ; has to report to congress before war
actions are taken, etc.
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(Related) 1973 War Powers Act
Required the president to report to congress within 48 hours after committing troops to a
foreign conflict or "substantially" enlarging American combat units in a foreign country.
Such an authorization would expire unless Congress extended it 30 more days. One
manifestation of the "New Isolationism".
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(Related) War Powers Act of 1973
This act stated that the president must report to Congress within 2 days of putting troops
in danger in a foreign country, and there would be a 60 to 90 day limit for over seas troop
presence.
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SALT II
(Carter) (1979) (Second Strategic Arms Limitations Talks) A second treaty was signed to cut
back the weaponry of the US and the USSR because it was getting too competitive. Set limits
on the numbers of weapons produced. Not passed by the Senate as retaliation for USSR's
invasion of Afghanistan, and later superseded by the START treaty.
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(Related) SALT I
SALT I was a series of negotiations between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. on the issue of
nuclear arms reduction. The talks helped lower the total number of missiles each side would
have and eased the tension between the two.
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(Related) SALT II
SALT II was a second series of negotiations between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. about nuclear
arms reduction. The talks, though never ratified by the Senate due to the Soviet invasion
of Afghanistan, both sides agreed to limit strategic launchers and weapons.
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(Related) SALT
negotiations between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics opened
in 1969 in Helsinki designed to limit both countries' stock of nuclear weapons
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(Related) SALT II
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the second treaty between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
resulting from the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
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(Related) SALT II
Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty agreement between Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev and
American president Jimmy Carter. Despite an accord to limit weapons between the two
leaders, the agreement was ultimately scuttled in the U.S. Senate following the Soviet
invasion of Afghanistan in 1979.
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(Related) SALT I and II
-Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty-SALT I: an agreement signed by the US and Soviets to stop
building nuclear ballistic missiles for five years *also excluded MIRVS (Multiple
Independent re-entry vehicles)-SALT II: signed by Carter and Brezhnev; it reduced and
limited the number of missile launchers and bombers, (failed?)-treaties helped to reduce
tension between US and USSR
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(Related) Salt II
- SALT II was a second series of negotiations between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. about
nuclear arms reduction. The talks, though never ratified by the Senate due to the Soviet
invasion of Afghanistan, both sides agreed to limit strategic launchers and weapons.
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Six Day War
a war fought in June, 1967, between Israel and the neighboring states of Egypt, Jordan, and
Syria, in which Israel captured large tracts of Arab territory
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(Related) Six Day War
(1967) Short conflict between Egypt and her allies against Israel won by Israel; Israel
took over the Golan Heights , The West Bank of the Jordan River; and the Sanai Peninsula.
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(Related) Six Day War
(1967) Short conflict between Egypt and her allies against Israel won by Israel; Israel
took over the Golan Heights , The West Bank of the Jordan River; and the Sanai Peninsula.
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stagflation
A period of slow economic growth and high unemployment (stagnation) while prices rise
(inflation)
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(Related) Stagflation
a period of slow economic growth and high unemployment (stagnation) while prices rise
(inflation)
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(Related) stagflation
During the 60's and 70's, the U.S. was suffering from 5.3% inflation and 6% unemployment.
Refers to the unusual economic situation in which an economy is suffering both from
inflation and from stagnation of its industrial growth.
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(Related) Stagflation
Name given the economic condition throughout most of the 1970s in which prices rose rapidly
(inflation) but without economic growth (stagnation). Unemployment rose along with
inflation. In large part, these conditions were the economic consequences of rising oil
prices.
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(Related) Causes of Stagflation
1. Great Society and Vietnam Spending2. Foreign Competition in the Worl Market3. Energy
Shortage4. Population Boom
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(Related) Nixon's Remedies for Stagflation
1. Restricted money supply ---> Recession (FR raises interset rates to curb spending)2. 90
day wage-price freeze
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(Related) Carter's Solution to Stagflation
1. Higher interest rates2. Lower gov. spending3. Voluntary wage/price control
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Southern strategy
Nixon's plan to win reelection by curbing the Supreme court's judicial activism and softpedaling civil rights.
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(Related) Southern strategy
Nixon's plan to achieve a solid majority vote in 1972 (he had been elected as a minority
president) by courting southern voters; his plan included appointing conservative Supreme
Court justices, soft-pedaling civil rights, and opposing school busing to achieve racial
balance.
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(Related) southern strategy (1972)
Nixon re-election campaign strategy designed to appeal to conservative whites in the
historically Democratic south. The President stressed law and order issues and remained
noncommittal on civil rights. This strategy typified the regional split between the two
parties as white Southerners became increasingly attracted to the Republican party in the
aftermath of the Civil Rights Movement.
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(Related) southern strategy
Nixon was a minority president, so he sought reelection by appealing to S Conservativestried to delay integration, appoint conservatives to SC, but both rejected
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(Related) 1519. Richard Nixon's "Southern Strategy"
His political strategy of "courting" the South and bad-mouthing those Northerners who badmouthed the South. He chose Spiro Agnew, the Governor of Maryland, as his running mate to
get the Southern vote.
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What impact has Roe v. Wade had on society and the political landscape?
In 1973, the Roe v. Wade Supreme Court ruling legalizing abortion carried the rights of
privacy and women to unprecedented levels in America. However, the ruling has also become
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the most significant political wedge issue in many judicial nominations and elections. In
today's society, abortion has become one of the most emotionally charged issues
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(Related) Roe v. Wade (1973)
The court legalized abortion by ruling that state laws could not restrict it during the
first three months of pregnancy. Based on 4th Amendment rights of a person to be secure in
their persons.
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(Related) Roe v. Wade
1973 All state laws prohibiting abortions were made unconstitutional based on a woman's
right to privacy
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(Related) Roe v. Wade
(1973) Women may have abortions for any reason up until "viability" (24-28 weeks).
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(Related) Roe v. Wade (1973)
Landmark Supreme Court decision that forbade states from barring abortion by citing a
woman's constitutional right to privacy. Seen as a victory for feminism and civil liberties
by some, the decision provoked a strong counter-reaction by opponents to abortion,
galvanizing the Pro-Life movement.
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Phyllis Schlafly
1970s; a new right activist that protested the women's rights acts and movements as defying
tradition and natural gender division of labor; demonstrated conservative backlash against
the 60s
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(Related) Phyllis Schlafly
A conservative female political activist. She stopped the ERA from being passed, seeing
that it would hinder women more than it would help them.
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Gloria Steinem
an American feminist, journalist, and social and political activist who became nationally
recognized as a leader of, and media spokeswoman for, the women's liberation movement in
the late 1960s and 1970s
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(Related) Gloria Steinem
is an American feminist icon, journalist, and social and political activist. Rising to
national prominence in the 1970s, she became a leading political leader of the decade, and
one of the most important heads of the second-wave of the women's rights movement.
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(Related) Gloria Steinem
One of the founders of the Modern Feminist Movement. Talked about more opportunities in
education and the workplace.
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(Related) Gloria Steinem
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An American feminist, journalist, and social and political activist who became nationally
recognized as a leader of, and media spokeswoman for, the women's liberation movement in
the late 1960s and 1970s.
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(Related) "Ms" Magazine Gloria Steinem
An American journalist, who became the spokeswoman for the woman's liberation movement in
the 1960s. She was the co founder of Ms. Magazine, which is an American feminist magazine.
It was the first magazine to describe the issue of domestic violence.
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Cesar Chavez
influential Hispanic leaderorganizing migrant farm workers into unionsFounded the National
Farm Workers' Association, later known as the United Farm Workers' Organizing Committee
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(Related) Cesar Chavez
Organized Union Farm Workers (UFW). Helped migratory farm workers gain better pay & working
conditions.
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(Related) Cesar Chavez
Non-violent leader of the United Farm Workers from 1963-1970. Organized laborers in
California and in the Southwest to strike against fruit and vegetable growers. Unionized
Mexican-American farm workers.
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(Related) Cesar Chavez
Farm worker, labor leader, and civil-rights activist who helped form the National Farm
Workers Association, later the United Farm Workers. He helped to improve conditions for
migrant farm workers and unionize them
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(Related) Cesar Chavez
Non-violent leader of the United Farm Workers from 1963-1970. Organized laborers in
California and in the Southwest to strike against fruit and vegetable growers. Unionized
Mexican-American farm workers.
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Couldn't find anything for: Gay liberation movement
gay liberation movement
police raid on the stonewall inn a gay bar in NY the movement aimed at liberating
homosexuals from legal or social or economic oppression
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(Related) Gay Liberation Movement
In the 1970s, homosexuals began an effort to win social and legal acceptance and to
encourage gays to affirm their sexual identity. Despite some advances, the movement was
slowed by the onset of the AIDS epidemic in the 1980s and the insistence of the military on
banning openly gay individuals from the armed services.
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(Related) Gay Liberation Movement
Set off by a police raid on the Stonewall Inn, a gay bar in NYC. It sparked both a riot and
the gay rights movement. Activists urged homosexuals to be open about their identity and to
work to end discrimination and violent abuse.
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