Download Biology Final Review Questions Answers 1. Enzymes are catalysts

Biology Final Review Questions Answers
1. Enzymes are catalysts that increase the rate (speed) of a reaction Answer: B
2. The cell wall is a structure found in plant cells that provides a rigid structure and support as
wells as protection for the cell. Answer: A
3. The ribosome is the structure that uses coded instructions from the nucleus (RNA molecules) to
make proteins. This process is called translation (mRNA  protein) Answer: D
4. Plant cells contain structures that animal don’t have, including a cell wall and chloroplasts.
Answer: C
5. The cell membrane is a structure found in all cells that regulates the materials that go into and
out of the cell. Answer: D
6. When an animal cell is placed in fresh water, there is a higher concentration of water outside
rather than inside the cell, so the water will move to the inside of the cell by osmosis, causing
the cell to swell and burst. Answer: A
7. Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction that happens in plant cells. During photosynthesis, the
plant cells use carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose, which stores the sun’s energy.
Oxygen is also produced as a by-product. Answer: D
8. The correct equation for cell respiration shows that six molecules of oxygen and a glucose
molecule are used to produce six molecules of carbon dioxide, six molecules of water, and 36
molecules of ATP (energy). Answer: A
9. Cell respiration and photosynthesis are opposites because the things used by photosynthesis
(carbon dioxide and water) are produced by cell respiration. Also, the things produced by
photosynthesis (glucose and oxygen) are used during cell respiration. Answer: B
10. Photosynthesis happens in chloroplasts. Cell Respiration happens in mitochondria. Answer: C
11. Cell respiration occurs in all living cells (including both plant and animal cells) because all living
things use cell respiration to get the energy out of their food. Answer: D
12. The X-shaped structure in the diagram is a chromosome. Answer: A
13. The correct order for the stages of mitosis is PMAT (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and
telophase). Answer: A
14. Mitosis produces identical cells. So a cell that has four chromosomes will produce an identical
cell containing four chromosomes. Answer: B
15. If both parents have the genotype Aa, then when a 2x2 Punnett square is drawn and completed,
you will find that one of the children has the genotype aa, meaning that child is an albino. One
out of four children being albino in the Punnett square is 25%. Answer: B
16. When meiosis occurs, the number of chromosomes is split in half . So a cell having 12
chromosomes will produce, by meiosis, new cells (or gametes) having half of 12, or 6,
chromosomes. Answer: B
17. Since gametes are produced by meiosis, they have half the number of chromosomes as body
cells. Answer: D
18. Meiosis produces cells that are different from each other. Also, since meiosis involves two
divisions of the nucleus, this results in four new cells. Answer: B
19. DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose. Also, DNA does not contain the nitrogen base uracil (that
is in RNA). Answer: D
Biology Final Review Questions Answers
20. When copies of DNA are made, this happens by a process called DNA replication in the nucleus
of a cell. Answer: A
21. In DNA, A-T and G-C. So the sequence CTAGGT would produce a complementary strand reading
GATCCA. Answer: B
22. Transcription is DNAmRNA. Answer: A
23. Translation is mRNAprotein. Answer: B
24. The theory of natural selection says that the organisms that are the best adapted (most fit) in
their environment are the ones who will live the longest and produce the most offspring.
Answer: C
25. Mutations are changes in DNA. Answer: D
26. According to the theory of natural selection, if a mutation makes an organism more adapted
(more fit) to survive in its environment, then that mutation will become more common in that
population since those organisms are the ones who will live the longest and produce the most
offspring. Answer: B
27. The independent variable is the thing that is changed by the experimenter. In this experiment,
the experimenter will change the temperature to see how it affects reaction rate. Answer: A
28. The dependent variable is the thing that depends on the independent variable. It is also the
thing that is being measured or the data that you are taking. In this experiment, the thing that
depends on the temperature is the reaction rate. Answer: B
29. To slow down the rate of a reaction, temperature or surface area can be decreased. All of the
other choices (increasing temperature, adding a catalyst such as an enzyme, or increasing the
surface area by crushing the tablet) would result in an increase in reaction rate. Answer: A
30. This pedigree represents a recessive trait, so all people who are affected by this trait (shaded in)
would have the genotype aa. All of the children of parents 8 and 9 are affected, therefore their
genotypes are all aa. Parents 8 and 9 must have each given their children a . However, since
parents 8 and 9 do not themselves have this recessive trait, they must also have A, making both
parents carriers (Aa) for this recessive trait. Answer: B