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Transcript
Activity 23A PS-2826 Voltage in a Series Circuit Electricity: voltage, series circuit Qty 1 1 1 2 Equipment and Materials PASPORT Xplorer GLX Voltage Probe (included with GLX) CASTLE Kit ‘D’ Cell Part Number PS-2002 EM-8624A PI-6602 Purpose The purpose of this activity is to determine the relationship between voltage and the number of light bulbs that are connected to a voltage source in a series circuit. Background Light bulbs in a series circuit are connected end-to-end like links in a chain. If light bulbs are connected in series to a voltage source, what happens to the brightness of the individual bulbs as more bulbs are added to the “chain”? What will happen to the voltage across each individual bulb as more bulbs are added to the circuit? If one bulb in a series circuit is removed, what happens to the rest of the bulbs? Preview Fig. 1: Series circuit Use a Voltage Probe to measure the voltage across a voltage source (‘D’ cells) and the voltage across each bulb in a series circuit. Use the Xplorer GLX to record and display the voltage. Compare the voltages. Predict 1. How will the voltages in a series circuit change as more light bulbs are added to the circuit? 2. How will the voltage across the voltage source compare to the total voltage across the light bulbs in a series circuit? Safety Precaution • Follow all directions for using the equipment. Procedure GLX Setup 1. Plug a Voltage Probe into the voltage input port on the left side of the Xplorer GLX and then turn on the GLX ( ). A graph of Voltage (V) and Time (s) will open. Physics with the Xplorer GLX © 2006 PASCO p. 163 Activity 23A 2. Press Voltage in a Series Circuit PS-2826 to go to the Home Screen. Select Digits ( ) and press the Activate key ( ) to open the Digits screen. The Digits screen shows Voltage (V). Equipment Setup 1. Put two D cells into the battery holder (from the CASTLE Kit). Put a round light bulb in a lamp socket. 2. Use a pair of alligator clip patch cords to set up a circuit with the light bulb and voltage source. • Be careful to connect an alligator clip to the spring as shown. 3. Leave one clip disconnected until you are ready to collect data. Fig. 2: Digits display Record Data: One Light Bulb 1. Connect the ends of the Voltage Probe to the lamp socket in order to measure the voltage across the light bulb. 2. Connect the clip to the voltage source to complete the circuit. Observe the brightness of the bulb. 3. Press Start ( ) on the GLX to measure the signal from the Voltage Probe. • The voltage appears in the digits display. 4. Record the voltage across the light bulb in the Data Table in the Lab Report section. 5. Move the ends of the Voltage Probe to the alligator clips that are connected to the voltage source in order to measure the voltage across the two D cells. 6. Record the voltage across the two D cells in the Data Table in the Lab Report section. 7. Press to stop data recording. Disconnect the clip to the voltage source to open the circuit. Fig. 3: Equipment setup Fig. 4: Record voltage across light bulb Fig. 5: Record voltage across D cells Physics with the Xplorer GLX © 2006 PASCO p. 164 Activity 23A Voltage in a Series Circuit PS-2826 Record Data: Two Light Bulbs 1. Connect a second light bulb in series with the first light bulb in the circuit. 2. Connect the clip to the voltage source to complete the circuit. Record the apparent brightness of the two bulbs. 3. Connect the ends of the Voltage Probe to the second lamp socket in order to measure the voltage across the second light bulb. 4. Press Start ( ) on the GLX to measure the signal from the Voltage Probe. 5. Record the voltage across the second light bulb in the Data Table in the Lab Report section. 6. Next, move the ends of the Voltage Probe back to the first lamp socket to measure the voltage across the first light bulb. Record the voltage across the first light bulb in the Data Table in the Lab Report. 7. Finally, move the Voltage Probe back to the voltage source and measure and record the voltage across the batteries. 8. Fig. 6: Two Fig Two-bulb bulb setup Fig. 7: Record voltage Fig Press to stop data recording. Disconnect the clip to the voltage source to open the circuit. Record Data: Three Light Bulbs 1. Connect a third light bulb in series with the other two light bulbs in the circuit. 2. Repeat the procedure to measure the voltage across each of the light bulbs and the voltage across the batteries and record the voltages in the Data Table in the Lab Report. Fig. 8: Three Fig Three-bulb bulb setup Physics with the Xplorer GLX © 2006 PASCO p. 165 Activity 23A Voltage in a Series Circuit PS-2826 3. After recording the voltages, remove the light bulb from the middle lamp socket. Record what happens to the other two light bulbs. 4. Press circuit. to stop data recording. Disconnect the clip to the voltage source to open the Analysis Examine your recorded voltage data and answer the questions in the Lab Report. Extension Repeat the procedure with the resistors included in the CASTLE Kit instead of light bulbs. Physics with the Xplorer GLX © 2006 PASCO p. 166 Activity 23A Voltage in a Series Circuit PS-2826 Lab Report - Activity 23A: Voltage in a Series Circuit Name ________________________________ Date ___________ Predict 1. How will the voltages in a series circuit change as more light bulbs are added to the circuit? 2. How will the voltage across the voltage source compare to the total voltage across the light bulbs in a series circuit? Data 1. How bright were the two light bulbs in series compared to the first light bulb? 2. How bright were the three light bulbs in series compared to the first light bulb? 3. What happened in the three-light bulb circuit when you removed the light bulb from the middle lamp socket? Data Table One Light Bulb Voltage Across Light Bulb: Voltage Across Batteries: Two Light Bulbs in Series Voltage Across Light Bulb 1: Voltage Across Light Bulb 2: Sum of the Voltages Across Both Bulbs: Physics with the Xplorer GLX © 2006 PASCO p. 167 Activity 23A Voltage in a Series Circuit PS-2826 Three Light Bulbs in Series Voltage Across Light Bulb 1: Voltage Across Light Bulb 2: Voltage Across Light Bulb 3: Sum of the Voltages Across Three Bulbs: Questions 1. How did the voltage across the two D cells compare to the voltage across the first light bulb? 2. How did the voltage across the two light bulbs in series compare to the voltage across one light bulb? How did the sum of the voltages across two bulbs compare to the voltage across the D cells? 3. What did you notice about the voltage across each light bulb and the total voltage across all three light bulbs in the third part of the procedure? 4. What can you say about the voltage in a series circuit? 5. What happened to the light bulbs when you removed the middle bulb from the socket? Why? 6. If all the lights in a house are connected together in series and they are all turned on, what would happen to the lights when you turn one of them off (or it burns out)? Physics with the Xplorer GLX © 2006 PASCO p. 168