Download EXTRA PRACTICE TEST #3

Geology 12
Rocks and The Rock Cycle
Provincial Exam Questions
EXTRA PRACTICE TEST #3
Part A:
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Part B:
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Geology 12 Chapters 3, 6 & 7 Test - Extra Practice
Geology 12 Rocks and The Rock Cycle
Multiple Choice Answers:
1. C 2. C 3. D 4. D
11. D 12. C 13. D 14. A
21. A 22. C 23. A 24. D
31. B 32. A 33. C 34. D
41. D 42. C 43. D 44. C
5. B
15. C
25. D
35. B
45. D
EXTRA PRACTICE
6. A 7. A 8. D 9. D 10. A
16. B 17. C 18. C 19. D 20. B
26. C 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. B
36. A 37. C 38. B 39. D 40. C
46. D
Written Response Answers: See the Extra Practice Test #3 KEY
2004
For question 1, refer to the following in the Data Booklet.
Photograph 1
Table of Hardness
Properties of Common and Important Minerals
REFERENCE
DATA BOOKLET
1. The mineral in Photograph 1 is a major component of limestone and cannot scratch a copper
penny. What is the name of the mineral?
A.
B.
C.
D.
mica
quartz
calcite
potassium feldspar
________________________________________________
2. Which of the following sets contains rocks that both have the mineral quartz as an important
part of their compositions?
A.
B.
C.
D.
shale
marble
breccia
limestone
granite
sandstone
conglomerate
gabbro
-1-
REFERENCE
DATA BOOKLET
For question 3, refer to the figure below and the following in the Data Booklet.
Percentage of Minerals in Igneous Rocks
40%
40%
Mineral X
Pyroxene
20%
Olivine
3. The figure above shows the percentage of each mineral found in a gabbro.
What is the name of mineral X?
A.
B.
C.
D.
quartz
biotite
potassium feldspar
plagioclase feldspar
________________________________________________
4. Which of the following textures would most likely be found in the middle of a batholith?
A.
B.
C.
D.
glassy
pyroclastic
fine-grained
coarse-grained
-2-
For question 5, refer to the following in the Data Booklet.
Bowen’s Reaction Series
REFERENCE
DATA BOOKLET
magnified view
Potassium feldspar
Plagioclase feldspar
Quartz
Biotite
0
5
10
mm
5. The granite in the diagram contains well-formed crystals of biotite, plagioclase and potassium
feldspar. Why are all the quartz crystals small?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Quartz is harder than the other minerals.
Quartz crystallized last from the magma.
Quartz crystallized at the highest temperature.
Quartz is more stable than all the other minerals.
REFERENCE
DATA BOOKLET
For questions 6 to 7, refer to the following in the Data Booklet.
Geological Map
Rock Data Table
Percentage of Minerals in Igneous Rocks
6. Rock sample P is from unit P shown on the geological map. Rock sample P is most likely
A.
B.
C.
D.
basalt.
granite.
gabbro.
rhyolite.
-3-
7. Unit P is a lava flow. The list below contains true statements about unit P. Which two pieces of
evidence, found on the geological map, indicate that unit P is a lava flow and not a sill?
8.
A.
Unit P has inclusions of unit K.
Unit P has contact metamorphosed unit K.
B.
Unit P is fine-grained.
Unit P has inclusions of unit K.
C.
Unit P has gas holes (vesicles).
Unit P has not contact metamorphosed unit L.
D.
There is a sedimentary layer above unit P.
There is a sedimentary layer below unit P.
What is the most likely identity of rock sample K in the rock data table on page 3 of the
Data Booklet?
A.
B.
C.
D.
9.
chert
calcite
sandstone
limestone
Rock sample K is from unit K on the geological map. Which of the following is the most
likely environment of deposition of unit K?
A.
B.
C.
D.
alluvial fan
outwash plain
desert sand dune
shallow marine zone
10. Which of the following best classifies the possible origin of unit C on the geological map?
A.
B.
C.
D.
clastic
organic
chemical
evaporite
11. Metamorphic rock sample J in the rock data table on page 2 of the Data Booklet was taken
from location J on the geological map. What is the most likely identity of rock sample J?
A.
B.
C.
D.
schist
marble
phyllite
quartzite
-4-
REFERENCE
DATA BOOKLET
For questions 12 to 13, refer to the following in the Data Booklet.
Geological Map
Photograph 2
12. The rock sample shown in photograph 2 was obtained from unit G on the geological map.
Which of the following is the most likely set of conditions necessary for the formation of the
texture seen in the sample?
A.
B.
C.
D.
slow creep down a steep slope
low pressure and rapid cooling
directed stress and high temperature
rapid deposition in a high-energy environment
13. Concentrations of copper mineralization have been found in veins around the granite intrusion
on the geological map. Which process is most likely responsible for the copper mineralization?
A.
B.
C.
D.
evaporation
assimilation
placer deposition
hydrothermal deposition
14. A mining exploration company has decided not to mine the copper. Which of the following is
the best reason for leaving the copper mineral in the ground?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The value of the copper is too low.
The copper concentration is too high.
The copper is too close to the surface.
The copper market is too close to the resource.
________________________________________________
15. What changes in a sandstone would likely result from metamorphism?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Density and porosity both increase.
Permeability and density both decrease.
Density increases and porosity decreases.
Permeability decreases and porosity increases.
-5-
2005
Reference
Data Pages in
the Appendix
For questions 16 and 17, refer to the following reference in the Appendix.
Properties of Common and Important Minerals
16. Which of the following mineral properties would best allow you to distinguish between
potassium feldspar and pyroxene?
A.
B.
C.
D.
form
colour
cleavage
hardness
17. A gabbro containing olivine, pyroxene, magnetite and plagioclase feldspar is physically
weathered into separate mineral grains of equal size. Which mineral would be hardest to
transport in a river on the basis of its density?
A.
B.
C.
D.
olivine
pyroxene
magnetite
plagioclase feldspar
Reference
Data Pages in
the Appendix
For question 18, refer to the following references in the Appendix.
Bowen’s Reaction Series
Percentage of Minerals in Igneous Rocks
18. Which of the following minerals is most likely to occur in silicic igneous rock?
A.
B.
C.
D.
olivine
pyroxene
muscovite
amphibole
-6-
Reference
Data Pages in
the Appendix
For question 19, refer to the photograph below
and to the following reference in the Appendix.
Percentage of Minerals in Igneous Rocks
Dark
pumice
Dark
pumice
Light
pumice
Photo courtesy of A. Sedgewick
19. The photograph shows a dark pumice on top of a light pumice. Both formed during a single,
continuous volcanic eruption. Which of the following statements is true?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Dark minerals rose through the pumice after eruption.
Light minerals sank through the pumice after eruption.
Intermediate magma was erupted before silicic magma.
Silicic magma was erupted before intermediate magma.
-7-
Use the following photograph of mafic volcanic features to answer questions 20 and 21.
Volcano
Lava flow
Photo courtesy of A. Sedgewick
20. The volcano in the background of the photograph is composed entirely of pyroclastic material.
What type of volcano is shown?
A.
B.
C.
D.
shield
cinder cone
lava plateau
composite volcano
21. What type of lava flow is seen in the foreground of the photograph?
A.
B.
C.
D.
aa
pahoehoe
pillow lava
nuée ardente
-8-
22. Magma with a very high viscosity may be unable to crystallize. Which of the following rocks
may have formed from such a magma?
A.
B.
C.
D.
basalt
gabbro
obsidian
peridotite
23. The arrow on each of the following diagrams indicates the changes in pressure and
temperature conditions that occur during a geological process. Which diagram represents the
change in conditions during the lithification of sand to form a sandstone?
B.
10
20
25
C.
solid
liquid
5
me
ltin
g
Pressure/depth (km)
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
10
15
20
25
solid
10
15
20
25
D.
Temperature (∞C)
0
5
liquid
-9-
solid
liquid
Temperature (∞C)
0
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
5
g
15
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
me
ltin
g
5
0
me
ltin
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Temperature (∞C)
Pressure/depth (km)
0
me
ltin
g
Pressure/depth (km)
Temperature (∞C)
Pressure/depth (km)
A.
10
15
20
25
solid
liquid
24. In which of the following environments are sediments that form a conglomerate
most likely deposited?
A.
B.
C.
D.
a coral reef
a tropical swamp
a deep ocean basin
a wave-swept beach
Use the following cross-sectional diagram to answer question 25.
10 cm
25. What name is given to the sedimentary structure shown in the diagram above?
A.
B.
C.
D.
mud cracks
ripple marks
cross bedding
graded bedding
- 10 -
Use the following photographs and diagrams of rock textures to answer questions 26 to 27.
Rock Y has formed from Rock X.
Both Rock X and Rock Y are composed of calcite.
Shell
debris
Rock X
Rock Y
Hand specimen
Hand specimen
Magnified view
Magnified view
1 mm
5 mm
26. What type of rock is X?
A.
B.
C.
D.
plutonic
volcanic
sedimentary
metamorphic
27. Which of the following processes would transform X into Y?
A.
B.
C.
D.
rapid deposition
chemical weathering
contact metamorphism
magmatic crystallization
28. What name would you give to a sample of Y?
A.
B.
C.
D.
slate
marble
granite
sandstone
-11 -
2006
29. Which of the following processes will produce metamorphic rock?
A.
B.
C.
D.
cementation of debris
solidification of magma
lithification of sediment
recrystallization of rock
30. Which of the following textures represents a very slowly cooled igneous rock?
A.
B.
¥1
¥1
C.
D.
¥1
¥1
31. Which of the following pairs of elements is most abundant in the Earth’s crust?
A.
B.
C.
D.
zinc and iron
silicon and aluminum
magnesium and copper
rubidium and strontium
- 12 -
Use the following diagram to answer questions 32 to 35.
source rock
granite
products of
weathering
quartz
grains
clay
minerals
X
river
transport
process
Y
suspension
solution
sedimentary
rock
sandstone
Z
limestone
32. Which of the following processes would most likely produce the quartz grains from the granite?
A.
B.
C.
D.
physical weathering
chemical precipitation
contact metamorphism
magmatic crystallization
33. The weathering of granite produces a solution of X. What is the name of a common
mineral which could form (precipitate) from this solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.
gold
mica
calcite
pyroxene
34. What name is given to river transportation process Y?
A.
B.
C.
D.
creep
solution
elastic rebound
rolling and bouncing
35. What is the name of rock Z?
A.
B.
C.
D.
chert
shale
breccia
conglomerate
- 13 -
36. Which of the following sediments shows the best sorting?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Use the following electron micrograph of sand grains to answer question 37.
Y
W
X
Z
¥ 150
© NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratories
37. Which sand grain has most likely travelled the greatest distance?
A.
B.
C.
D.
W
X
Y
Z
- 14 -
Use the following list of processes to answer question 38.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
cooling of granite
melting of sediment
weathering of granite
lithification of sediment
recrystallization of granite
transportation of sediment
38. Which of the following gives the correct order for the complete formation of a
sedimentary rock?
A.
B.
C.
D.
5, 2, 1
3, 6, 4
4, 5, 2
1, 3, 6
________________________________________________
39. Which of the following sediments could be lithified to produce a biochemical
sedimentary rock?
A.
B.
C.
D.
desert sands
glacial outwash
landslide deposits
microorganism skeletons
-15 -
40. Which of the following sedimentary structures can give information about current
direction at the time the sediment was deposited?
A.
B.
C.
D.
varves
mud cracks
cross bedding
graded bedding
41. Which of the following is the most important factor in determining the mineral
composition of the metamorphic rock marble?
A.
B.
C.
D.
the pressure at which it formed
the temperature at which it formed
the density of the original parent rock
the chemical composition of the original parent rock
42. What term is used to describe the parallel alignment of minerals in a schist?
A.
B.
C.
D.
graded bedding
sedimentary layering
metamorphic foliation
regional metamorphism
43. Which of the following pairs of descriptions is true about galena?
Material of economic
value obtained
from galena
A use for material
obtained from galena
A.
copper
pipes and wires
B.
lead
fibre-optic lines
C.
copper
rust-proofing car bodies
D.
lead
car batteries
- 16 -
44. Which of the following pairs of minerals is commonly found in an evaporite deposit?
A.
B.
C.
D.
bornite and pyrite
hematite and halite
calcite and gypsum
magnetite and fluorite
Use the following diagram to answer question 21.
black smoker
ore
deposit
ocean water
super
heated
water
ocean bottom
fractured
basalt
magma
Diagram not drawn to scale.
indicates direction
of water movement
45. What type of ore deposit is shown in the diagram above?
A.
B.
C.
D.
placer
evaporite
pegmatite
hydrothermal
- 17 -
Use the following diagram to answer question 23.
H
graphite
G
Heating
Value
F
E
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Percentage of Carbon
46. When lignite is subjected to appropriate heat and pressure, it will be converted to a
high-grade coal called anthracite. Which letter on the graph represents anthracite?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E
F
G
H
- 18 -
2003
PART B: WRITTEN RESPONSE
INSTRUCTIONS: Answer each question in the space provided. You may not need to use all of the
space given.
REFERENCE
DATA B OOKLET
For question 1, refer to the table below, and the following in the Data Booklet.
Bowen’s Reaction Series
Properties of Common and Important Minerals
Minerals present
Mineral content
of granite
Mineral content
of stream sand
potassium feldspar
60%
18%
quartz
30%
80%
biotite
10%
2%
1. An area of British Columbia that is entirely composed of granite is drained by a single,
fast-moving stream. With reference to chemical and physical properties, describe two factors
which could be used to explain why the mineral content of the stream sand has become so
different from the mineral content of the granite.
(2 marks)
Factor 1:
Factor 2:
- 24 -
2003
REFERENCE
DATA B OOKLET
For question 2, refer to the following in the Data Booklet.
Geological Map
2. A geologist has observed that the crystals in igneous rock unit S are much smaller at points X
and Y than they are at a point half way between X and Y. Explain why the crystals are smaller
at X and Y than in the middle of the unit.
(2 marks)
REFERENCE
DATA B OOKLET
For question 3, refer to the following in the Data Booklet.
Geological Map
Photograph 10
3. Sedimentary structures are very useful to geologists because they can give clues about the
environment where the sedimentary rock they occur in was deposited. The sedimentary
structure shown in Photograph 10 was found in the sandstone T shown on the geological map.
a) Identify the sedimentary structure.
(1 mark)
b) Describe how the sedimentary structure would have formed.
(1 mark)
c) Name an environment where the sedimentary structure could have formed.
(1 mark)
OVER
- 25 -
2003
Use the following graph which shows relationships between
temperature, depth, and types of coal, to answer question 4.
Temperature in degrees Celsius
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
0
Peat
1
Depth in kilometres
2
40–60% carbon
Lignite coal
60–70% carbon
3
4
Bituminous coal
70–90% carbon
5
6
Anthracite coal
7
(hard coal)
90–95% carbon
8
9
4. a) Describe a type of environment where a potential coal deposit could accumulate on the
earth’s surface and the type of material that would accumulate to eventually become coal.
(2 marks)
Type of environment:
Type of material:
b) According to the graph, at what temperature and depth would lignite change to
bituminous coal?
(1 mark)
Depth:
Temperature:
c) Choose one type of coal and describe a use for it.
- 26 -
(1 mark)
2003
d) Why is anthracite (hard coal) often found in association with slate rather than shale
or mudstone?
(1 mark)
Use the following cross section diagrams of coal deposits to answer question 4e).
Note the different scales of the cross sections.
X
Y
coal
seam
2m
100 m
coal seam
e) The two coal deposits X and Y were discovered in British Columbia, however neither of
them will be mined at this time.
i) Describe any geological or economic reason why deposit X will not be mined. (1 mark)
ii) Describe a different geological or economic reason why deposit Y will not be mined.
(1 mark)
OVER
- 27 -
2003
REFERENCE
DATA B OOKLET
For question 5, refer to the following in the Data Booklet.
Photograph 6
5. Photograph 6 shows sandstones and siltstones in a cliff section. Using the information visible in
the photograph, name and describe (in order from youngest to oldest) three geological
processes that have been important in the development of the rock sequence in the cliff section.
(3 marks)
Youngest
Process 3
Process 2
Oldest
Process 1
- 28 -
2004
WRITTEN RESPONSE
INSTRUCTIONS: Answer each question in the space provided. You may not need to use all of the
space given.
For question 1, refer to the diagram below and the following
in the Data Booklet.
page 10: Percentage of Minerals in Igneous Rocks
REFERENCE
DATA BOOKLET
Siltstone
Compaction and
cementation
High temperature
and pressure
Weathering and
erosion to silt
Formation of
light and dark bands
Rock X
Rock Y
Slow cooling
inside the earth
Melting
Felsic/silicic
magma
1. a) What type of rocks are rocks X and Y shown in the diagram above?
Rock X: ______________________________________________
(1 mark)
Rock Y: ______________________________________________
b) Describe a plate tectonic situation that would cause the high-grade metamorphism of the
siltstone.
(1 mark)
OVER
- 23 -
2004
Use the following map to answer question 2.
Kohala
Direction of
lithospheric
plate movement
Mauna Kea
Hualalai
LEGEND
Older rocks
Younger rocks
Older rocks
Mauna Loa
Younger rocks
Kilauea
Recent earthquake
epicentre magnitudes
Seismic station
Zulu
4.0–4.4
4.5–5.4
>5.4
Recent volcanic eruptions
Site of lava flow
50 km
2. The map above shows the island of Hawaii, and the locations of several recent volcanic
eruptions which are building shield volcanoes. The island is over a hot spot.
a) What is the likely composition of the lava from these eruptions?
(1 mark)
b) Explain why a pyroclastic flow (nuée ardente) is unlikely in this area.
(1 mark)
c) Place an X on the map in an area where you would expect the volcanic activity to increase
over the next several hundred years.
(1 mark)
- 24 -
2004
d) Sketch and describe the likely cross-sectional shape of the shield volcanoes in this area
of Hawaii.
(2 marks)
Sketch
REFERENCE
DATA BOOKLET
Description
For question 2e), refer to the following in the Data Booklet.
Percentage of Minerals in Igneous Rocks
Bowen’s Reaction Series
e) A sample of coarse-grained rock was collected from a Kilauea lava flow, and geologists
think it is an ultramafic xenolith brought up from the mantle. The rock has the following
mineral composition.
Mineral
Percent by volume
plagioclase feldspar
5%
pyroxene
70%
olivine
25%
How can geologists tell that the material in the xenolith must have formed at a temperature
above 1000∞ C ?
(1 mark)
OVER
- 25 -
2005
WRITTEN RESPONSE
INSTRUCTIONS: Answer each question in the space provided. You may not need to use all of the
space given.
Use the following partial, simplified, rock cycle diagram to answer question 1.
PROCESS
3
Metamorphic
Rock
Magma
PROCESS
PROCESS
2
4
Sedimentary
Rock
Igneous
Rock
Example
Process
PROCESS
1
5
Sediment
1. Choose any two processes from the diagram above. For each process, describe the process
and its probable plate tectonic location. An example is given.
(4 marks)
Process #
Description of Process
Example:
Process 5
Igneous rocks in volcanic mountains are weathered
and eroded to become sediments.
© 2005 Province of British Columbia. All rights reserved.
Plate Tectonic Location
Volcanic mountain range at
converging plates.
Page 25
2005
Use the following diagram of ripple marks and cross-bedding to answer question 2.
west
east
2. Describe how this structure might have formed. Include direction of flow in your answer.
(2 marks)
Page 26
© 2005 Province of British Columbia. All rights reserved.
2006 Written Response
Use the following photograph of an igneous layer to answer question 2.
X
© GSC
2. Describe two pieces of evidence that could be found in or near the dark igneous layer at X to
establish that it was a sill, and not a buried lava flow.
(2 marks)
Evidence 1:
Evidence 2:
Page 2
Geology 12 – 0608 Response Booklet