Download Viruses Archaebacteria

Viruses
A VIRUS is a microscopic particle that invades a cell and often destroys it.
What are some diseases caused by VIRUSES?
• The common cold
• Influenza (Flu)
• AIDS - caused by human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
• Polio
Are VIRUSES living or non-living?
• Viruses are not alive.
• They reproduce, but they do not do
any other life processes
• They are smaller than cells.
The VIRUS uses the cell as a HOST
factory to produce more copies of itself.
What does a VIRUS look like?
The virus structure is a protein coat over either DNA or RNA. They come in
several shapes.
Archaebacteria
Excellent info in this group is found at :
http://www.microbe.org/microbes/archaea.asp
Main Points:
• Archaeans are single-celled creatures that
join bacteria to make up a category of life
called the Prokaryotes (pro-carry-oats)
• Prokaryotes' genetic material, or DNA, is not enclosed in a central cellular
compartment called the nucleus. (This means that the cells do not have a
nuclear membrane and the DNA is loose in the cell)
• Archaeans have sone genes in their DNA that is different from other
bacteria.
• Archabacteria was the first form of life on Earth.
• Many archaeans thrive in conditions that would kill other creatures: boiling
water, super-salty pools, sulfur-spewing volcanic vents, acidic water and deep
in Antarctic ice. These types of archaea are
often labeled "extremophiles," meaning
creatures that love extreme conditions.
Eubacteria
Excellent info in this group is found at:
http://www.microbe.org/microbes/bacterium1.asp
Main Points:
• Eubacteria are single-celled creatures that join
Archarbacteria to make up a category of life
called the Prokaryotes (pro-carry-oats)
• Prokaryotes' genetic material, or DNA, is not enclosed in a central cellular
compartment called the nucleus. (This means that the cells do not have a
nuclear membrane and the DNA is loose in the cell)
• Three different shapes: Some are rod- or stick-shaped and called bacilli (buh-silleye).
• Others are shaped like little balls and called cocci (cox-eye).
• Others still are spiral in shape and called spirilla (spi-RHIL-uh), like the Borrelia
pictured at the top of this page.
• Some bacteria move about their environment
by means of long, whip-like structures called
flagella.
• A typical bacterium has a rigid cell wall and a
thin, rubbery cell membrane surrounding the
fluid, or cytoplasm inside the cell.
• Many types of bacteria are harmful to
humans we learned some examples in our
bacteria lab.
• Many more types of bacteria are helpful. You will need to know a few ways that
bacteria can be helpful. Look here:
http://www.microbe.org/microbes/at_work.asp
Protist
Excellent info in this group is found at :
http://www.microbe.org/microbes/protists1.asp
Main Points:
They are all eukaryotic creatures, meaning their DNA is enclosed in a nucleus inside the
cell.
Three main groups:
• Primitive algae (single celled and photosynthesis)
• Protozoa (animal-like protists)
• Slime molds (We will not be studying slime molds for the exam)
Algae: Here we'll focus on the microscopic algae.
• Algae are found in bodies of fresh and salt water across the globe. They can also
grow on rocks and trees and in soil when enough moisture is available.
• Examples are diatoms and euglena (which we observed with the microscopes in
class)
• Protozoa means "little animal." They are so named because many species behave like
tiny animals—specifically, they hunt and gather other microbes as food.
• They can be classified into three general groups
based on their shape.
• Ciliates <silly-ates>, which are generally the
largest protozoa. They have hair-like
projections called cilia <silly-uh>
• The second group is the Amoebae <ah-mebee> An amoeba moves with projections of
the cell membrane calle pseudopods (fake
feet) see picture.
• the third group is the Flagellates <flah-gehlets>, which are generally the smallest of the
protozoa and have one or several long,
whip-like projections called flagella poking
out of their cells.
Fungi
Excellent info in this group is found at :
http://www.microbe.org/microbes/fungi1.asp
Main Points:
• Fungi come in a variety of shapes and sizes and different types. They can range
from individual cells to enormous chains of cells that can stretch for miles.
• Fungi are eukaryotic (you-carry-ah-tick) organisms—their DNA is enclosed in a
nucleus.
• Many of them may look plant-like, but fungi do not make their own food from
sunlight like plants do.
• Fungi include single-celled creatures that exist individually—the yeasts—and
multicellular bunches, such as molds or mushrooms.
• Many fungi form long filament-like, or thread-like, strands of cells called hyphae
(high-fee). These hyphae are what give mold colonies their fuzzy appearance.
• Fungi can spread either by forming reproductive spores that are carried on wind
and rain, or by growing and extending their hyphae.
• Fungi absorb nutrients from living or dead organic matter (plant or animal
stuff) that they grow on.
• Some fungi is used to make antibiotics, bread, beer, and other products.
• Fungi’s main role is to break down dead plants and animals and keep the world
tidier.
• Some fungi can cause diseases in plants, animals, and people.