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Our Solar System Our Solar System Our solar system is made up of: Sun Nine planets Their moons Asteroids Comets Inner Planets The inner four rocky planets at the center of the solar system are: Mercury Venus Earth Mars Mercury Planet nearest the sun Second smallest planet Covered with craters Has no moons or rings About size of Earth’s moon Venus Sister planet to Earth Has no moons or rings Hot, thick atmosphere Brightest object in sky besides sun and moon (looks like bright star) Covered with craters, volcanoes, and mountains Earth Third planet from sun Only planet known to have life and liquid water Atmosphere composed of composed of Nitrogen (78%), Oxygen (21%), and other gases (1%). Mars Fourth planet from sun Appears as bright reddish color in the night sky Surface features volcanoes and huge dust storms Has 2 moons: Phobos and Deimos Outer Planets The outer planets composed of gas are : Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Jupiter Largest planet in solar system Brightest planet in sky 60+ moons, 5 visible from Earth Strong magnetic field Giant red spot Rings have 3 parts: Halo Ring, Main Ring, Gossamer Ring Saturn 6th planet from sun Beautiful set of rings 31 moons Largest moon, Titan, Easily visible in the night sky Voyager explored Saturn and its rings. Uranus 7th planet from sun Has a faint ring system 27 known moons Covered with clouds Uranus sits on its side with the north and south poles sticking out the sides. Neptune 8th planet from sun Discovered through math 7 known moons Triton largest moon Great Dark Spot thought to be a hole, similar to the hole in the ozone layer on Earth Outermost Planet Pluto, the outermost planet, is a small solid icy planet is smaller than the Earth's Moon. Pluto 9th planet from sun (usually) Never visited by spacecraft Orbits very slowly Moon, Charon, is very close to Pluto and about the same size Asteroids Small bodies Believed to be left over from the beginning of the solar system billions of years ago 100,000 asteroids lie in belt between Mars and Jupiter Largest asteroids have been given names Comets Small icy bodies Travel past the Sun Give off gas and dust as they pass by Writing Activity Write a paragraph about the solar system. Include 5 facts covered in this presentation. Solar System Activities Solar System Activities Order the Planets Fun with Planets Constellations of the Northern Sky Planets Solar System Earth Earth has a rocky surface as a planet and also has water on it. It has an atmosphere of gases around it. It orbits millions of miles from the Sun as the third planet in the solar system. Moon The Moon is the natural satellite that orbits the Earth. It has a rocky, dusty surface with many craters and no water. It has no atmosphere. Sun The Sun is a star, a large ball of glowing gases that is extremely hot. It does not have a rocky surface and its atmosphere glows and gives off light. It is located at the center of the solar system. Earth and other planets revolve around it. How does the sun affect Earth? Earth receives the heat and light after they travel through space. The Sun is the source of almost all energy on Earth. Plants take the Sun’s energy and use it to make food energy. The Sun’s energy is stored in fossil fuels (for example, coal, oil, or natural gas) that formed from some organisms that died long ago. How does the sun affect Earth? The Sun’s energy causes weather conditions on Earth. Heat from the Sun causes the process of evaporation of water on Earth’s surface. Earth’s Rotation 4-3.5 Explain how the rotation of Earth results in day and night. Rotation Earth rotates (spins) on its axis Earth completes one rotation in about 24 hours (23 hours and 56 minutes). Earth rotates from west to east, therefore, the Sun appears to rise in the east and set in the west. If you are on the east coast, you see the sunrise over the water. If you are on the west coast, you see the sunset over the water. Because of this rotation, only the side of Earth facing the Sun is lit and therefore experiences day; the side of Earth not facing the Sun experiences night. Planet / Star Light Years Mercury 0.000006 (3 light minutes) Venus 0.000011 (6 light minutes) Earth 0.000016 (8 light minutes) Mars 0.000024 (12.5 light minutes) Jupiter 0.000082 (43 light minutes) Saturn 0.000151 (79 light minutes) Uranus 0.000304 (160 light minutes) Neptune 0.000476 (250 light minutes) Pluto 0.000624 (327 light minutes) Alpha Centauri (nearest star other than Sun) 4.35 light years Distance from sun (in miles) Mercury 36,000,000 Venus 67,000,000 Earth 93,000,000 Mars 142,000,000 Jupiter 486,000,000 Saturn 893,000,000 Uranus 1,797,000,000 Neptune 2,815,000,000 Pluto 3,688,000,000