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Why can’t things stay put? Motion SC-04-1.2.1 Students will interpret or represent data related to an object’s straight-line motion in order to make inferences and predictions of changes in position and/or time. SC-04-1.2.2 Students will infer causes and effects of pushes and pulls (forces) on objects based on representations or interpretations of straight-line movement/motion in charts, graphs, and qualitative comparisons. Core Content Pedro has three balls of different masses. He rolls each ball down a ramp hitting an empty box at the bottom of the ramp. A. Identify which ball will push the box the farthest distance. B. Using your science vocabulary, explain why the ball you chose in part A will push the box the farthest distance. C. Using your science vocabulary, explain one change that Pedro can do to make the box travel further. By the end of this unit, you will be able to answer this question… • Measure and record changes in the position and motion of an object • Make inferences about the effects of the size of various forces We will learn to… • relative motion • frame of reference • speed • velocity • force • friction • gravity • work • kinetic energy • potential energy Essential Vocabulary • Motion is a change in the position of an object. • Objects can move in a straight line, circular path, or back/forth as a vibration. What is motion? • Speed – the rate at which an object changes position • Velocity – the speed and direction of a moving object • Acceleration – the rate at which an object speeds up or slows down How can we describe motion? • Work is the ability to move something and make a change. • Energy is the source of that change. What is the difference between work and energy? • Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. It is the energy you are actually using at the time. • Potential energy is energy that is stored to be used later. What are the 2 types of energy? • We use a frame of reference to detect motion. • A frame of reference lets you compare the position of 2 or more objects. How can motion be observed? • Motion is caused by any force that comes in contact with an object. • A push, pull, or friction can cause a change in motion. What causes motion? • Gravity is a force that pulls one object toward another object. • The force of gravity depends on the mass of each object, and the distance between them. • A spring scale is used to measure the force of gravity (weight) of an object. How does gravity cause motion? • A force can cause an object to speed up, slow down, stop, or change direction. • The amount of change is determined by the amount of force. How can a force change the motion of an object? Material Which flag did it reach when you pushed the yellow button? Which flag did it reach when you pushed the red button? Prediction Prediction Result Result Carpet Wood Vinyl Ice What observations did you make? Friction Slope 1 Distance Traveled No parachute Small parachute Large parachute Slope 2 Distance Traveled No parachute Small parachute Large parachute What observations did you make? Forces in Action