Download Unit II: Classical Greece and Rome

The Golden Age of Greece
Pericles plan
– Introduced direct
democracy
– Strengthen Athenian
navy
– Build great buildings and
sculptures to make
Athens beautiful
Golden Age of Art and Architecture
• Art
– Giant sculptures
– Emphasis on beauty of
humans
• Architecture
– Emphasis on balance,
harmony, and proportion
– columns
Drama and History
• Tragedy: drama about
hate, war, or betrayal
• Comedy: made fun of
politicians and famous
people
• History written by
historians like
Thuycidides
Philosophers
• Socrates
– “Socratic Method”: question
students
– Examine your beliefs and
morality
– Quote: “There is only one
good-knowledge; and there
is only one evil-ignorance.”
– Sentenced to death for
corrupting youth of Athens
Philosophers
• Plato
– Student of Socrates
– Wrote book The
Republic
– Ideal political society
• Farmers and artisans
• Warriors
• Rulers: philosopher/kings
Philosophers
• Aristotle
– Student of Plato
– Explained nature in the
world
– Wrote books about
psychology, physics,
biology, and logic
– Basis for Scientific
Method
Greek Philosophy: summarize the
ideas of the following philosophers:
Begin reading on page 138…
Sophists:
Socrates:
Aristotle:
Plato:
The Stoics (pg148)
The Epicureans (pg148)
Which of these philosophers do you
most agree with? Explain why.
Alexander the Great
• Greece weakened by
Peloponnesian Wars
• Alexander took control of
Greece after death of his
father
• Assembled large army and
began the spread of
Hellenistic (Greek) culture
Alexander’s Empire
• Spread Greek ideas and language to Egypt, Persian
Empire, and to India
• Fought 11 years, then soldiers refused
• Merger of Greek and Persian culture emerged
Hellenistic Culture in Alexandria
• Trade and cultural center
– Trade ships from around the
Mediterranean
– Cultural diversity
– Beauty of Alexandria
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Wide streets
Palaces
Statues of Greek gods
Lighthouse by the harbor
Museum and library
Ancient Mediterranean