Download Ancient Greece

• 11/18 Focus:
– Greek thinkers tried to use observation
and reason to understand why things
happened.
– Philosopher meant “lover of wisdom” in
ancient Greece
• Do Now:
– Who led Athens during it’s golden age?
Philosophy
• Philosophers tried to use observation
and reason to understand why things
happened
• Major Greek Philosophers (400-300 BC)
– Socrates
– Plato
– Aristotle
Socrates
• Most of what we know
about Socrates comes
from the writing of his
student, Plato.
• Sought truths about
broad concepts such as
truth, justice, and
virtue
• Developed Socratic
method
– Learning about beliefs
and ideas by asking
questions
What is
Truth?
•
Socrates
• Sentenced to death
by government
– Charged with
disrespecting
religion and
corrupting children
– Influential people
were afraid he was
angering the gods
– Drank cup of
poisonous hemlock
tea
Plato
• Student of Socrates
• Founded the Academy
– A school where philosophers
could teach their students
• Wrote the Republic
– Did not support Athenian
democracy
– Divided society into 3 classes
• Workers, soldiers, philosophers
– Thought philosophers were
best suited to govern other
people
Aristotle
• Student of Plato and teacher of
Alexander the Great
• Started the Lyceum School
• Use of reason and logic to
understand the natural world
– Reason
• Clear and observed thinking
– Logic
• The process of making inferences
• This approach became the basis
for the scientific method
• Believed one strong and good
leader should rule people
Art
• Greeks believed in
beauty, balance,
and order in the
universe
• Greek paintings and
statues were life
like but portray the
human body in its
perfect form.
Idealism and Realism
• Idealism- making things look better than they
really do
• Realism- Making things look as real as possible
Architecture
• Constructed
large temples,
such as the
Parthenon
• Greek column
styles still
influence
modern day
Corinthian builders
Doric
Ionic
• As always, Architecture showed wealth and
power to the rest of the world
• The amphitheater was used in Greece, and the
engineers would measure everything perfectly to
have the sound echo.
• Everyone in the building could hear the plays
•
•
•
• Parthenon was built in 447 and lasted till 1667
in great shape, but was then blown up by
accident
Literature and Drama
• Homer
– Wrote long epic
poems
– Odyssey and Iliad
• Plays
– First plays
developed as part
of religious
festivals
– Tragedies
• Serious dramas
about human
conflicts
– Comedies
• often were satires
or works that poked
fun at Greek society
Historians
• Tried to record an
unbiased record of
history
• Herodotus
– Called the father of
history
– Wrote the Histories
Science and Math
• Pythagoras:
– Pythagorean Theorem (a² + b²= c²)
• Archimedes:
– created geometry and calculus
• Hippocrates
– Father of western medicine
Closure
• Name one Greek philosopher and
explain what you learned about him.
Closure
• List the three most influential Greek
philosophers
• Who wrote the Odyssey and the Iliad ?
• Identify one contribution that ancient
Greeks made in the area of math,
science, or medicine.
• Assignment Link:
• http://www.ancientgreece.co.uk/acropolis/explore/ex
p_set.html