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• 11/18 Focus: – Greek thinkers tried to use observation and reason to understand why things happened. – Philosopher meant “lover of wisdom” in ancient Greece • Do Now: – Who led Athens during it’s golden age? Philosophy • Philosophers tried to use observation and reason to understand why things happened • Major Greek Philosophers (400-300 BC) – Socrates – Plato – Aristotle Socrates • Most of what we know about Socrates comes from the writing of his student, Plato. • Sought truths about broad concepts such as truth, justice, and virtue • Developed Socratic method – Learning about beliefs and ideas by asking questions What is Truth? • Socrates • Sentenced to death by government – Charged with disrespecting religion and corrupting children – Influential people were afraid he was angering the gods – Drank cup of poisonous hemlock tea Plato • Student of Socrates • Founded the Academy – A school where philosophers could teach their students • Wrote the Republic – Did not support Athenian democracy – Divided society into 3 classes • Workers, soldiers, philosophers – Thought philosophers were best suited to govern other people Aristotle • Student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great • Started the Lyceum School • Use of reason and logic to understand the natural world – Reason • Clear and observed thinking – Logic • The process of making inferences • This approach became the basis for the scientific method • Believed one strong and good leader should rule people Art • Greeks believed in beauty, balance, and order in the universe • Greek paintings and statues were life like but portray the human body in its perfect form. Idealism and Realism • Idealism- making things look better than they really do • Realism- Making things look as real as possible Architecture • Constructed large temples, such as the Parthenon • Greek column styles still influence modern day Corinthian builders Doric Ionic • As always, Architecture showed wealth and power to the rest of the world • The amphitheater was used in Greece, and the engineers would measure everything perfectly to have the sound echo. • Everyone in the building could hear the plays • • • • Parthenon was built in 447 and lasted till 1667 in great shape, but was then blown up by accident Literature and Drama • Homer – Wrote long epic poems – Odyssey and Iliad • Plays – First plays developed as part of religious festivals – Tragedies • Serious dramas about human conflicts – Comedies • often were satires or works that poked fun at Greek society Historians • Tried to record an unbiased record of history • Herodotus – Called the father of history – Wrote the Histories Science and Math • Pythagoras: – Pythagorean Theorem (a² + b²= c²) • Archimedes: – created geometry and calculus • Hippocrates – Father of western medicine Closure • Name one Greek philosopher and explain what you learned about him. Closure • List the three most influential Greek philosophers • Who wrote the Odyssey and the Iliad ? • Identify one contribution that ancient Greeks made in the area of math, science, or medicine. • Assignment Link: • http://www.ancientgreece.co.uk/acropolis/explore/ex p_set.html