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Main Idea: Greek philosophers developed ideas that are still used today. 1 -The word philosophy comes from the Greek word for “love of wisdom.” 3 -Greek thinkers who believed the human mind could understand everything were called philosophers. 2 -Greek philosophy led to the study of history, political science, science, and mathematics. 4 -Many philosophers were teachers. They believed students should use time to improve themselves and taught students how to win an argument and make good political speeches. The Sophists were professional teachers in ancient Greece who traveled from city to city and made a living by teachers others Who were the Sophists? They rejected the idea absolute right or wrong and that what might be right for one person might be wrong for another. They did not believe that the gods and goddesses influenced people. The most notable Greek philosophers and their ideas were: Pythagora s Aristotle Socrates Plato Taught his pupils that the universe followed the same laws that governed music and numbers Developed many new ideas about mathematics Known for developing the Pythagorean theorem which is a way to determine the length of the sides of a triangle. Left no writings behind and what is known came from the writings of his students sculptor Invented the Socratic method of teaching Which encouraged people to question everything for truth critic of the Sophists Believed absolute truth existed and that all real knowledge was in each person Forced students to use their power to reason and see things for themselves What happened To Socrates? . He lost the favor of the Athenian leaders because they saw him as a threat and he was sentenced to death. Student of Socrates Opened a school in Athens called The Academy . Wrote, The Republic, which explains his ideas about the perfect type of government Promoted the idea of equality between the sexes. Divided society into 3 classes: 1. philosophers-kings to rule with logic and reason 2. warriors to defend the state 3. ordinary people who produced the state’s food, clothing, and shelter Believed a just and reasonable government was a necessity Rejected democracy as a system of government because he didn’t think the rule by the people produced fair or sensible policies Student of Plato who wrote more than 200 books Opened a school called the Lyceum and taught his students the “golden mean” which holds that a person should do nothing in excess. (not too much or too little) Who Was Aristotle ? Helped advance science Urged people to use their senses to make observations Described his idea of the best style of government in his book, Politics. Divided governments into 3 types: Government by one person (tyrant) Government by a few people (aristocracy or oligarchy) Government by many people (democracy) Greeks wrote the first real histories in Western civilization In most places in the ancient world, people did not write their history. Legends and myths were used to explain the past and many were passed on by oral tradition before being written down. Used gods and goddesses to explain some events. Wrote the History of the Persian Wars Western historians consider him the “father of history” Considered the greatest historian of the ancient world by many historians. Fought in the Peloponnesian War and wrote the “History of the Peloponnesian War” Saw war and politics as activities of humans not gods