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CHAPTER 2: GEOGRAPHY
PAG. 3 2 - 4 2
Mrs. Rivera
GEOGRAPHY
To learn about planet Earth we need to study its Geography.
Geo= Earth / graphy = description
Geography- Science that describes the Earth’s surface.
It also studies the relationship between people and their
environment.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SM4Q4yuSUPk
 Geographers - study everything related to planet Earth (geography)
REPRESENTATIONS OF EARTH
Due to the planet’s great size we use representations, such as globes and maps in
order to study it.
Globes- shows the Earth’s surface but in a spherical form.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kLrxbbP31NA
Map – are flat of the Earth surface, or portions of it.
Cartography- is the science that creates and studies maps
Map making process used to be very hard but with new technologies like planes,
satellites and geodesy, now the process is more easier and precise.
Geodesy – science that is dedicated to the study of Earth shape and dimension
through mathematic calculation.
ELEMENTS OF A MAP
Compass Rose – circular figure that indicate the coordinate points on a map.
 Cardinal points: North, South, East, West
Legend – map key. It allows to understand the information on the map.
Scale – describes the proportion in relationship to measurement on the map. Let us
know how smaller than reality the map is drawn.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=txsmjOItqWE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJtQBJEpc10
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3QxrX0MYu4
CONTINENTS AND OCEANS P. 56
The Earth is made of seas, oceans and continents.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TBmZjOHrVJ0
Continents are large extensions of land that are above the water.
Continent
Characteristic
Americas
Is divided in two continents North America and South America.
Europe
Has a lot of countries. Some of the most well known include France, Italy
and Spain
Africa
Characterized by its extensive desert and jungles. The Sahara desert is the
largest in the world.
Asia
Largest continent. Is were most people live.
Oceania
Composed of Australia and other islands in the Pacific Ocean.
Antarctica
Consider a frozen continent. Has the smallest population of any continent
because of his weather.
EARTH IMAGINARY LINES
Cartographers created some imaginary lines on maps so that it would be easier to
locate places.
Equator- horizontal line right in the center of the Earth. It crosses Ecuador, a country in
South America. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CJR2aVYH0zM
Parallels (latitudes) – lines that go across the Earth same direction as the equator
from east to west.
Greenwich meridian or Prime Meridian - vertical line located right in the middle of
the globe. It crosses a place in England called Greenwich.
Meridians (longitude) - vertical lines that cross the map or globe from top to bottom.