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Civil War Project
Written by: Samantha Carlin
Antietam Battle
I choose the Antietam battle. I choose this battle
because of this quote called Freedom at Antietam. "If
I could save the union without freeing any slave I
would do it; and if I could save it by freeing all the
slaves I would do it ; and if I could save by freeing
some and leaving others alone I would also do that....I
have here stated my purpose according to my view of
official duty; and I intend no modification of my oftexpression personal wish that all men everywhere
could be free.” the speech that Abraham Lincoln
gave.
Union
and
Confederate
Flags
The Confederate did not like the way the union was doing
things so the following states seceded from the union
( Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Arkansas, South Carolina, Texas,
North Carolina, Mississippi, Louisiana, Tennessee, and Virginia)
during the Civil War in 1865 but, seven states (highlighted)
seceded in 1860.
Confederate Flag
Union Flag
Casualties of Battle
Casualties include three parts 1 (dead) 2(wounded) and
3(missing or captured).In general terms ,casualties of Civil
War battles included 20% dead and 80% wounded. Of the
soldiers who were wounded and 1 of the 7 men died from
wounds. Over 2/3 of the 622,000 men who gave their lives
in the civil war died from disease, not from battle.
20,000
18,000
16,000
14,000
Union casualties dead
12,000
confederate casualties
dead
10,000
8,000
wounded from both
6,000
4,000
captured from both
2,000
0
Union
confederate wounded
casualties casualties from both
dead
dead
captured
from both
Strategies
The Army of the Potomac, under the command of George McClellan, mounted a series of
powerful assaults against Robert E. Lee’s forces near Sharpsburg, Maryland, on September 17,
1862. The morning assault and vicious Confederate counterattacks swept back and forth through
Miller’s Cornfield and the West Woods. Later, towards the center of the battlefield, Union
assaults against the Sunken Road pierced the Confederate center after a terrible struggle. Late in
the day, the third and final major assault by the Union army pushed over a bullet-strewn stone
bridge at Antietam Creek. Just as the Federal forces began to collapse the Confederate right, the
timely arrival of A.P. Hill’s division from Harpers Ferry helped to drive the Army of the Potomac
back once more. The bloodiest single day in American military history ended in a draw, but the
Confederate retreat gave Abraham Lincoln the “victory” he desired before issuing the
Emancipation Proclamation.
Artillery
Artillery Basics: The artillery was a separate, specialized branch of the army that
supported the Infantry. The basics organization unit for cannons was called a
battery, made up of four to six -guns with approximately men commanded by a
captain. There were many models and sizes of Civil War cannon, but there were
two basic types—smoothbore and rifled. A smoothbore cannon barrel is just like a
pipe, smooth on inside. In contrast, a rifled cannon has grooves cut into the inside
of the barrel, which forced the ammunition to rotate like a football. A rifled cannon
was more accurate and had a greater range than a smoothbore gun
..
Cannon Crew: Eight cannoneers are
needed to fire field pieces. Five are at the
gun—the gunner and cannoneers 1, 2, 3,
4. The gunner is in charge of the piece,
he gives the commands and does the
aiming. Cannoneers 1-4 actually load,
clean and fire the gun. Cannoneer 5 runs
the ammunition from the limber to the
gun. Cannoneers 6 and 7 prepare the
ammunition and cut the fuses.
Ammunition: the material fired, scattered,
dropped, or detonated from any weapon, as
bombs or rockets, and especially shot, shrapnel,
bullets, or shells fired by guns.
Cavalry: Military the part of a military
force composed of troops that serve on horseback.
Seceded: To leave or separate from something.
Timeline
November 6, 1860 - Abraham Lincoln, who had declared
"Government cannot endure permanently half slave, half free..." is
elected president, the first Republican, receiving 180 of 303
possible electoral votes and 40 percent of the popular vote.
December 20, 1860 - South Carolina secedes from the Union.
Followed within two months by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama,
Georgia, Louisiana and Texas.
February 9, 1861 - The Confederate States of America is
formed with Jefferson Davis, a West Point graduate and
former U.S. Army officer, as president.
March 4, 1861 - Abraham Lincoln is sworn in as 16th President
of the United States of America.
April 12, 1861 - At 4:30 a.m. Confederates under Gen. Perrie
Beauregard open fire with 50 cannons upon Fort Sumter
in Charleston, South Carolina. The Civil War begins.
April 15, 1861 - President Lincoln issues a Proclamation calling for 75,000
militiamen, and summoning a special session of Congress for July 4.
Robert E. Lee, son of a Revolutionary War hero, and a 25 year distinguished
veteran of the United States Army and former Superintendent of West Point, is
offered command of the Union Army. Lee declines.
April 17, 1861 - Virginia secedes from the Union, followed within five
weeks by Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina, thus forming an
eleven state Confederacy with a population of 9 million, including
nearly 4 million slaves. The Union will soon have 21 states and a
population of over 20 million.
April 19, 1861 - President Lincoln issues a Proclamation of
Blockade against Southern ports. For the duration of the war
the blockade limits the ability of the rural South to stay well
supplied in its war against the industrialized North.
April 20, 1861 - Robert E. Lee resigns his commission in the
United States Army. "I cannot raise my hand against my
birthplace, my home, my children." Lee then goes to Richmond,
Virginia, is offered command of the military and naval forces of
Virginia, and accepts.
July 4, 1861 - Lincoln, in a speech to Congress, states the war
is..."a People's contest...a struggle for maintaining in the world,
that form, and substance of government, whose leading object
is, to elevate the condition of men..." The Congress authorizes a
call for 500,000 men.
July 27, 1861 - President Lincoln appoints George B. McClellan
as Commander of the Department of the Potomac, replacing
McDowell.
September 17, 1862 - The bloodiest day in U.S. military
history as Gen. Robert E. Lee and the Confederate Armies
are stopped at Antietam in Maryland by McClellan and
numerically superior Union forces. By nightfall 26,000 men
are dead, wounded, or missing. Lee then withdraws to
Virginia.
January 1, 1863 - President Lincoln issues the final
Emancipation Proclamation freeing all slaves in territories
held by Confederates and emphasizes the enlisting of
black soldiers in the Union Army. The war to preserve the
Union now becomes a revolutionary struggle for the
abolition of slavery.
July 1-3, 1863 - The tide of war turns against the South as
the Confederates are defeated at the Battle of Gettysburg
in Pennsylvania.
November 19, 1863 - President Lincoln delivers a two
minute Gettysburg Address at a ceremony dedicating the
Battlefield as a National Cemetery.
April 14, 1865 - The Stars and Stripes is ceremoniously raised
over Fort Sumter. That night, Lincoln and his wife Mary see
the play "Our American Cousin" at Ford's Theater. At 10:13
p.m., during the third act of the play, John Wilkes Booth
shoots the president in the head. Doctors attend to the
president in the theater then move him to a house across
the street. He never regains consciousness.
April 15, 1865 - President Abraham Lincoln dies at 7:22 in
the morning. Vice President Andrew Johnson assumes the
presidency.
April 18, 1865 - Confederate Gen. Joseph E. Johnston
surrenders to Sherman near Durham in North Carolina.
April 26, 1865 - John Wilkes Booth is shot and killed in a
tobacco barn in Virginia.
May 4, 1865 - Abraham Lincoln is laid to rest in Oak Ridge
Cemetery, outside Springfield, Illinois.
In May - Remaining Confederate forces surrender. The
Nation is reunited as the Civil War ends. Over 620,000
Americans died in the war, with disease killing twice as
many as those lost in battle. 50,000 survivors return home
as amputees.
A victory parade is held in Washington along Pennsylvania
Ave. to help boost the Nation's morale - May 23/24, 1865.
December 6, 1865 - The Thirteenth Amendment to the
United States Constitution, passed by Congress on
January 31, 1865, is finally ratified. Slavery is abolished.
Bibliography
http://totallyhistory.com/battle-ofantietam/
http://www.nps.gov/anti/historycult
ure/casualties.htm
http://www.nps.gov/anti/historycult
ure/freedom.htm
http://www.google/images/civilwarc
annon/artillery