Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Radiographic Procedures III (RAD 228) Skull Non-Trauma Frontal and Lateral Views of 8 Cranial Bones 4 Bones That Make Up the Cranium Skullcap (Cavalaria) Frontal, Parietals, Occipital 1 Floor of Cranium Lateral view Superior cutaway view Frontal Bone Frontal: articulates with 4 cranial bones Parietals, sphenoid, ethmoid Parietal and Occipital Bones Parietal: articulates with 5 cranial bones Occipital: articulates with 6 bones Frontal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, parietal Parietals, temporals, sphenoid, atlas 2 Temporal Bone Lateral View Temporal Bone Front Cutaway View 3 parts Temporal Bones Superior View Articulates with 3 cranial bones Parietal, occipital, sphenoid 3 Sphenoid Bone Superior View Articulates with all 7 cranial bones Sella Turcica Lateral View Ethmoid Bone Articulates with 2 cranial bones Frontal, sphenoid 4 Cranium Series Routine AP axial (Towne) Lateral PA 15° (Caldwell), PA 25°-30°, or PA 0° Special PA axial (Haas) SMV (submentovertex) Right Lateral Skull MSP parallel Interpupillary perpendicular CR 2 in (5 cm) superior to EAM Body Habits Positioning Adjustments 5 Evaluation Criteria: Lateral Skull Entire skull visualized Cranium seen without rotation or tilt Correct flexion and extension of skull Optimal exposure factors PA Cranium CR 15° caudad exit at nasion CR 0° exit at glabella PA 15° (Caldwell) 0° PA Evaluation Criteria: PA 15° (Caldwell) Entire skull visualized No rotation Petrous ridges over lower ⅓ of orbits Optimal exposure factors 6 Criteria Comparison Petrous ridges over supraorbital margin 0° PA projection Petrous ridges over lower ⅓ of orbits 15° Caldwell PA (Axial) Projections: 3 Variations 15° Caldwell 0° PA 30° PA AP Axial (Towne Method) CR 30° caudad to OML or 37° to IOML CR 2½ in (6.5 cm) above glabella 7 PA Axial (Haas Method) OML perpendicular CR 25° cephalad CR exit 1½ in (4 cm) superior to nasion Evaluation Criteria: PA Axial (Haas) Similar to AP axial except Dorsum sellae appears larger within foramen magnum Magnification of occipital bone evident Optimal exposure factors 8