Download Skull and Cranial Bones

Radiographic Procedures III
(RAD 228)
Skull Non-Trauma
Frontal and Lateral Views of
8 Cranial Bones
4 Bones That Make Up the
Cranium Skullcap (Cavalaria)
Frontal, Parietals, Occipital
1
Floor of Cranium
Lateral view
Superior cutaway view
Frontal Bone

Frontal: articulates with 4 cranial bones

Parietals, sphenoid, ethmoid
Parietal and Occipital Bones

Parietal: articulates with 5 cranial bones

Occipital: articulates with 6 bones


Frontal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, parietal
Parietals, temporals, sphenoid, atlas
2
Temporal Bone Lateral View
Temporal Bone Front Cutaway View

3 parts
Temporal Bones Superior View

Articulates with 3 cranial bones

Parietal, occipital, sphenoid
3
Sphenoid Bone Superior View

Articulates with all 7 cranial bones
Sella Turcica Lateral View
Ethmoid Bone

Articulates with 2 cranial bones

Frontal, sphenoid
4
Cranium Series

Routine
AP axial (Towne)
Lateral
 PA 15° (Caldwell), PA 25°-30°, or PA 0°



Special


PA axial (Haas)
SMV (submentovertex)
Right Lateral Skull



MSP parallel
Interpupillary perpendicular
CR 2 in (5 cm) superior to EAM
Body Habits
Positioning Adjustments
5
Evaluation Criteria: Lateral Skull




Entire skull
visualized
Cranium seen
without rotation or
tilt
Correct flexion and
extension of skull
Optimal exposure
factors
PA Cranium


CR 15° caudad exit at nasion
CR 0° exit at glabella
PA 15° (Caldwell)
0° PA
Evaluation Criteria: PA 15° (Caldwell)




Entire skull
visualized
No rotation
Petrous ridges over
lower ⅓ of orbits
Optimal exposure
factors
6
Criteria Comparison
Petrous ridges over
supraorbital margin
0° PA projection
Petrous ridges over lower
⅓ of orbits
15° Caldwell
PA (Axial) Projections: 3 Variations
15° Caldwell
0° PA
30° PA
AP Axial (Towne Method)


CR 30° caudad to OML or 37° to IOML
CR 2½ in (6.5 cm) above glabella
7
PA Axial (Haas Method)



OML perpendicular
CR 25° cephalad
CR exit 1½ in (4 cm) superior to nasion
Evaluation Criteria: PA Axial (Haas)

Similar to AP axial
except
Dorsum sellae
appears larger within
foramen magnum
 Magnification of
occipital bone
evident
 Optimal exposure
factors

8