Download Learning About The Past

Learning About The Past
ARCHEOLOGY
Archeology is the study of the ancient ~ objects of
the past. Archeologist study the remains of ancient
human societies and cultures such as buildings,
artwork, tools, pottery, etc. Archeologists use aerial
photography to decide where to begin their
excavations. They hope to uncover artifacts, ruins,
and other archeological evidence. Archeologists
then take their findings and try to analyze and date
their findings. Archeologists hope that the artifacts
found may give clues as to how ancient peoples
built, traded, lived, and worshipped.
ARCHEOLOGICAL SPECIALISTS
Archeologist – studies the past
Botanist – studies plants
Chemists – study substances and date things
Geologist – studies rocks and the earth
Linguist – studies languages and writing
Paleoanthropologist – studies skeletal remains
History before writing
Anything that gives information through writing
books, diaries, poems, business records, etc.
Gives information but not through writing
fossils, bones, tools, buildings, etc.
Actual item or eyewitness / made when the event happened
Are based off of primary sources / made after the event
Deer bone
Gettysburg Address
A photo of a dinosaur bone
A copy of the constitution
What kind of source is it
When was the source made
Where was the source made
Who made the source
Why was the source made
A
A
F
A
F
A
N
N
F
A
Archeology Simulation
Timelines?
Timelines
TIMELINES
Timelines record major events and display when the events happened. You need to
remember the following things when using timelines.
Timelines present a chronological record that displays events from left to
right. Events on the left of a timeline happened before the events on the right
on a timeline.
Timelines use two time periods. BCE (Before the Common Era) goes on the
left of the timeline and makes up all of the years before the year of Christ’s
birth. CE (Common Era) goes on the right of the timeline and refers to all of
the years from the year of Christ’s birth to the present day. CE and BCE are
sometimes referred to as AD and BC, respectively. BCE and CE are the
modern system. Only BCE (BC) years have anything written after them, BCE (BC).
Timelines are always divided into equal parts or time periods. Some are divided
into 10 year periods (Decades), others into 100 year periods (Centuries), and some
into 1000 year periods (Millenniums), etc.
Specific dates of many events in history are either inexact or unknown. To show
events that appear on a timeline that we do not know the exact date for, the Latin
word CIRCA is used. Circa means “about” and is abbreviated “c” which is written
before the event’s date.
What is a timeline?
records major events and shows when they happened
What do the following mean?
BCE = Before the Common Era
Decade =
CE =
Century = 100 years
c=
Common Era
Circa = about
10 years
Millennium =
1000 years
Explain why some dates in history are inexact and have to be stated with a circa?
No witnesses, lost proof, never recorded, before people, differing accounts
Which side of the timeline do you think would contain the most circas and explain
why?
BCE
Correct all of the mistakes on the timeline below.
READING A TIMELINE
2000 BCE
2000
4000 years
40
4
6. In each of the following pairs, circle the earlier date.
A. 1000 BCE
100
B. 1500
C. 1500 BCE
500 BCE
E. 17 BCE
1376
476
500
D. 507
901 BCE
c1489BCE
1941
c1403
CREATING & USING A TIMELINE
1) How many years passed between the following events?
A & B = 1025
C & D = 650
B & C = 905
1080 BCE
1500
850
- 55 BCE
- 850
+ 55 BCE
CREATING & USING A TIMELINE
2) Could Columbus tell time with a watch when he reached the New World?
No. He arrived in the New World before watches were invented.
3) Could Kublai Kahn use a mousetrap if he wanted to use one?
Yes. Mouse traps were invented before him.
4) According to the timeline, what could Julius Caesar do and explain why?
He could only fly a kite because it is the only thing invented before him.
5) BCE years are always on the left side of a timeline and count down
6) CE years are always on the right side of a timeline and count up
DATING METHODS
Surplus and Scarcity
Hunters and Gatherers
What is a huntergatherer?
Hunter-Gatherer :
a person who gets
food by hunting
animals and
gathering wild
plants, nuts, roots,
and berries.
HOMO HEIDELBERGENSIS
Homo Heidelbergensis
• first to use fire
• lived and traveled in groups
of 20-30
• made very simple tools
• traveled and moved around
a lot
•oldest of the 3 groups
Neanderthals
Neanderthals
• lived in groups of 2050 people
• cared for others in
their community
• had burials and
believed in an afterlife
• traveled some
Cro-Magnon
Cro-Magnon
• looked like us
• more advanced tools –
fishing nets, bows and
arrows, spear throwers
• created artwork –
cave paintings and small
sculptures
• traveled very little
• youngest of the 3 groups
MIGRATION OF EARLY PEOPLE
1. Which continent did early people get their start on?
Africa
2. Describe the Ice Age.
2.5 million years ago to 12,000 years ago
The glaciers advanced and retreated
Ocean levels dropped
Land bridges appeared
Early people followed the animals
3. In general, what parts of the earth were covered with
glaciers?
very northern and southern parts of the earth
and areas of high elevation
4. Explain how the glaciers helped early people in their
migration. They caused the water levels to drop and land bridges
appeared that connected different land masses
together that were not connected before
5. Which continent did early people migrate to last and
explain why? South America – no arrows come out of it and it is
the farthest place away from where they started
PALEOLITHIC LIFE TO NEOLITHIC LIFE
FOOD SUPPLY
PALEOLITHIC
NEOLITHIC
hunting animals agriculture:
and gathering
growing plants
plants
and raising
animals
EFFECTS ON
DAILY LIFE
• people didn’t
have to move
• people could
settle in one
area
• agriculture
increased the
reliable food
supply
OCCUPATIONS
PALEOLITHIC
finding food
NEOLITHIC
EFFECTS ON
DAILY LIFE
farming,
• many more
cloth/clothes
activities to be
makers,
involved in
builders, tool
• people were
makers, miners developing
special
skills/abilities
RESOURCES
PALEOLITHIC
only used
things around
them
NEOLITHIC
used things
around them
and traded with
others
EFFECTS ON
DAILY LIFE
• grew in
resources and
technology (tools
and ideas)
• brought people
together from
many different
areas
• improved living
conditions
SHELTER
PALEOLITHIC
NEOLITHIC
EFFECTS ON
DAILY LIFE
temporary tent permanent long • more
or rock shelters lasting mud
comfortable and
brick homes
stable lifestyle
• homes had
added features,
such as, rooms,
ovens, basins,
etc.
POPULATION/SETTLEMENT
PALEOLITHIC
temporary
settlements for
20-60 people
NEOLITHIC
permanent
settlements for
thousands
EFFECTS ON
DAILY LIFE
• population
grew
• people could
share
responsibilities
• improved food
and living
conditions
• burial grounds
TECHNOLOGY
PALEOLITHIC
crude stone
tools, rough
animal skin
clothing, grass
baskets
NEOLITHIC
EFFECTS ON
DAILY LIFE
Sharp stone
and metal tools,
clothing of wool,
cotton, and silk,
used pottery
and made
jewelry
• began to use
metals - copper and gold
- - and clay
• quality and
comfort of life
improved
Paleolithic Period = 2,000,000 BCE – 8,000 BCE
Neolithic Period = 8,000 BCE – 3,000 BCE
Paleolithic Period = Old Stone Age
Neolithic Period = New Stone Age
Food Supply – Most important change because by having a
stable food supply people could settle down in one
area permanently and be freed up to do other things and
make improvements to their lives