Download The Rise of Europe 500 - 1300

The Geography of Western Europe –
•Second smallest in land area located on
the western end of Eurasia.
•Frontier
land – forest, rich soil, ample
access to waterways, mineral resources,
many rivers and streams.
The Germanic Kingdoms–
•Germanic tribes were farmers and
herders.
•No cities or written laws. Much of their
culture was governed by unwritten
customs.
•Warrior elected a king to lead them in
war. These warriors swore allegiance to
the king in return for certain privileges.
Early form of Feudalism.
The Germanic Kingdoms–
•Strongest Germanic kingdom was the
Franks.
•Under the leadership of Clovis, the Franks
conquered much of the old Western Roman
Empire.
•Clovis converted to Christianity and gained
a powerful ally in the Church.
•Charles Martel defeated the Muslims at the
Battle of Tours and stop Muslim expansion.
•United
France, Germany, and parts of
Italy.
•Reunited most of the Old Roman Empire.
•Declared “Emperor” by Pope Leo III
after Charlemagne defeated rebellious
Roman nobles. This revived the idea of a
united Christian community.
•This also widened the split between the
East and the West.
•Worked
closely with the Church to
spread Christianity.
•Used powerful nobles known as Missi
Domenici to control the provinces.
•At the capital, Charlemagne set up
school and has Alcuin establish a
curriculum which included grammar,
rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, geometry,
music, and astronomy.
•After
his death, his heirs battled for
power. The Treaty of Verdun split the
empire into three regions.
•Charlemagne extended Christian
civilization, blended German, Roman,
and Christian traditions.
•Europe was still under attack from
Muslims, Magyars, and Vikings.
•Kings
and emperors were too weak to maintain
large kingdoms.
•Feudalism – loosely organized system where
land is divided in exchange for loyalty and
service. Participants enter into a feudal
contract.
•Roles in society are determined.
•Knights – intense training.
•Development of castles.
•The Manor was self-sufficient.
Noblewomen –
•managed the household
•Rights were restricted – inheritance
•Some women such as Eleanor of Aquitaine gained
influence and political power.
•Benefited from the code of Chivalry.
Peasants –
•Bound to the land - Majority of the population.
•Obligations to the higher vassal or lord.
•Received protection and land to farm.
•Life was harsh – long hours, short life span.
Everyday Life
•Attend Mass – Administer
Sacraments
•Establish schools
•Social center – Involved in ALL
areas
•Guide people – values and
morality
•All Christians pay taxes to the
Church
• Tithe
•God – men & women
•Earth – men & women
•Anti-Semitism
Power of the Church
•Papal Supremacy – (power struggle)
•Papal States
•High government positions
•Powerful secular force
•Absolute power in religious matters
•Church has its own laws and courts
Canon law
Excommunication
Interdict
Nuns and Monks
•Missionary work
•Preserve learning
Establish schools
Ancient works
•Establish hospitals
•Manual labor
•Benedictine Rule
Obedience
Poverty
Chastity
Reforms
•Church becomes rich and powerful
•Some clergy become corrupt
•Cluniac Reforms
Benedictine Rule
No outside interference
Outlawed marriage for priests
Prohibited Simony
•Development of New Order
Franciscan Order
Dominican Order