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Classes of Elements
Metals are located on the left side of the
periodic table.
General Properties of Metals
High lustre (shiny)
Malleable, ductile
Good conductors of heat and electricity
Solid at room temperature (except mercury)
Non-metals are located on the right side of the
periodic table.
General Properties of Non-Metals
Low lustre (dull)
Brittle
Good insulators of heat and electricity
Some solids, many gases, one liquid
Semi-metals, or metalloids, are located to the
right of the middle of the periodic table, along
the edge of the “staircase”.
Structure of the Periodic Table
A period is a horizontal row on the periodic table. There are
seven periods of elements.
A group is a vertical column on the periodic table. It is also
called a chemical family, because the elements in it have
similar characteristics.
Families of Elements
There are four specially-named families.
Alkali metals is the first group. They are soft,
shiny metals that are very reactive.
Alkaline earth metals is the second group.
They are shiny, silvery metals that are
somewhat reactive, but not as reactive as alkali
metals.
Halogens are the second last group. They are highly
reactive elements that are harmful to living things.
Noble gases are the final group. These gases are all very
stable and do not react.
Transition metals make up the centre block of the periodic
table, from the 3rd to the 12th column.
Lanthanides and actinides are in the separate two rows
below the main part of the periodic table.