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Transcript
Write down everything you know about World War II. When you are finished, write one term/concept that you know on the board. Check next to terms that other students put up that you also know. Total war Most widespread war in history Deadliest war in history Holocaust, genocide, nuclear weapons 1939-1945 Axis vs. Allies Axis: Germany, Japan, Italy Allies: Great Britain, United States, USSR 50-70 million total deaths 40-50 million civilian deaths 20-25 million military deaths Holocaust: 6 million Jews 6 million: Roma, Polish, Russians, handicapped, and others What events led to all-out war in Europe? How did the war affect Europe? How did defeat affect life in Japan? Turn to pgs. 488-489 in your books. How long did WWII last in Europe? How long after France declared war on Germany did it surrender? Why did the US and USSR join the war in 1941? Why was Feb. 1943 a bad month for the Axis Powers? What was the situation in the following nations at the beginning of World War II? Germany Japan Poland France Germany: Brian, Peter, Anthony, Morgan, Julianna Poland: Evan, Roman, Tyler, Madison, Kristina France: Brendan, Spencer, Siany, Kevin, Kyle Japan: Jacob, Josh, Ben, Giulianna Germany: Brooke, Hailey, Brandon, Hunter, Tyler S. Poland: Cassady, Josh, Alicia, Brendan Japan: Ben, DJ, Austin, Andrew France: Mikayla, Bailey, Justin, Tyler M. What was one major event in the war that occurred in 1939? What was one major event that occurred in 1940? Write down the definitions for the first two terms on your vocab. sheet Write one thing you want to learn about World War II. “Lightning war” What does this mean? September 1st, 1939: Hitler takes Poland Denmark, Norway follow May 1940: Dunkirk rescue French surrender: June 1940 Winston Churchill Speech RAF defends Britain from bombing by the Luftwaffe The London Blitz 76 nights Two major events: 1. USSR enters the war Why? Operation Barbarossa 2. United States enters the war Why? Pearl Harbor Rommel in Egypt to help Italy Germany takes over Balkan countries Operation Barbarossa: Plan to invade the Soviet Union (June 1941) 1941-1944: Siege of Leningrad 1 million deaths United States: Lend-Lease Act Atlantic Charter: Churchill and Roosevelt Under what circumstances is going to war justified? Another way to think about it: What is a “just” war? Last resort Just cause Self defense, defense of others, to redress wrongs Waged by legitimate authorities Must have a reasonable chance of success Goal to re-establish peace Violence proportional to the injury suffered Civilians are never targets How did Japanese expansionism lead to war with the Allies in Asia? How did the attack on Pearl Harbor affect American attitudes towards the Japanese? Japan’s goals in Asia Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere What were two important events that took place in 1941? How was the U.S. involved in the war prior to Pearl Harbor? Read the article describing how and why Japan attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7th, 1941. Answer the questions on a separate sheet of paper. Then we will discuss. A Pearl Harbor overview: December 7, 1941: “A date which will live in infamy” 4 battleships sunk, 188 aircraft destroyed 2400 Americans killed, 1178 injured “We won a great tactical victory at Pearl Harbor and thereby lost the war.” --Admiral Tadaichai What was the American response to Pearl Harbor? FDR leads the US to declare war on Japan Doolittle Raid Japanese-American internment camps Island Hopping Important battles: Midway Guadalcanal Bataan Death March What made World War II battles so brutal? Give examples from the Pacific and Europe. Remember: ICE! Review: Pearl Harbor Important battles: Midway Stalingrad El Alamein D Day Battle of the Bulge Iwo Jima, Okinawa North Africa/El Alamein: Tyler S., Josh, Justin Stalingrad: Ben, Brendan, Tyler M. Italy: Austin, Cassady, Hunter Homefront: Mikayla, DJ D-Day: Brandon, Andrew, Alicia Battle of the Bulge: Hailey, Bailey, Brooke North Africa/El Alamein: Giulianna, Kristina, Brian Stalingrad: Spencer, Julianna, Kyle, Anthony Italy: Jacob, Siany, Tyler Homefront: Madison, Josh, Peter D-Day: Brendan, Morgan, Roman Battle of the Bulge: Evan, Kevin, Ben Challenge: In one sentence, summarize the events of the video yesterday (the end of the war in Europe). Yalta Conference: Feb. 1945 Big 3 meet: Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin US convinces USSR to declare war on Japan 3 months after fighting ends in Europe Potsdam Conference: July 1945 New Big 3: Truman, Attlee, Stalin Postwar issues in Europe Japan still fighting; issues the Potsdam Declaration (unconditional surrender) What was the main message of the Potsdam Declaration? Take out your vocab. sheet and define the terms from “Winston Churchill” to “Battle of Midway.” Then define the terms from “Battle of Stalingrad” to “kamikaze.” Land invasion or drop the bomb? Goal: Quickest surrender, fewest American casualties Operation Downfall: Allied plan for the invasion of Japan 250,000 American casualties predicted 5-10 million Japanese fatalities? Okinawa: 12,000 US casualties; 100,000 Japanese casualties What was the Japanese mindset at this time? Manhattan Project: Secret US project to create the first atomic bomb Robert Oppenheimer: Physicist, leader of the Manhattan Project Trinity Test: First test site, on July 16, 1945, in New Mexico Developed to “beat” the Nazis from getting it first Little Boy: Dropped on Hiroshima August 6, 1945 Fat Man: Dropped on Nagasaki August 9, 1945 Enola Gay: Bomber that dropped Little Boy Why these targets? Military centers “Virgin” (had not been bombed yet) Killed 90000-160000 in Hiroshima Killed 60000-80000 in Nagasaki Half of the deaths occurred on the first day from: Flame burns, falling debris Later, many died from: Radiation poisoning, flash burns Most of the victims were civilians 6 days later, Japan unconditionally surrendered As technology becomes more and more advanced, do you think war becomes more or less “just”? Respect! Only one person speaks at a time. Everyone must speak at least once. Outer circle: Take notes as you listen to the inner circle discussion. There will be one empty seat for anyone who wants to join in. When someone new joins, someone from the inner circle must leave. Should the US have dropped the atomic bomb on Japan? Morally just? Practical? Necessary? Role of technology in warfare: What lessons can we learn from this for today and the future? Create one question that you can pose to the group. How did the seminar influence (or change?) your thinking about the issue of dropping the atomic bomb? Grade your participation on your rubric and write a short explanation. 60 million deaths 50 million refugees Destruction of major cities Use ICE to write a paragraph reflecting on: To many people, World War II is an example of a “good war,” a war that needed to be fought. Do you agree or disagree with this assessment and why or why not?