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COMPETITION ASSIGNMENT OF THE ARCHITECTURE COMPETITION FOR THE NEW ADMINISTRATION BUILDING OF TALLINN CITY GOVERNMENT Tallinn 2008 1. Objective of the architectural competition 1.1 The objective of the architectural competition is to obtain the best architectural and urban space solution for the state of the art complex of facilities for the structural units of Tallinn City Government and Tallinn City Council. 1.2 The winning work of the architectural competition will become the basis for the detail planning and construction design documentation of the new building of Tallinn City Government and its close surrounding. 2.Concept of new complex of facilities 2.1 Current situation of structural units of Tallinn City Government and Tallinn City Council 2.1.1 Structure of Tallinn City Government and Tallinn City Council is currently divided between 11 facilities and it makes functioning of Tallinn City Government as an integral organization difficult. 2.2 Objective of building a new facility 2.2.1 The objective of a new complex of facilities is to strengthen the connection between the citizens and officials of the city and change the whole service package provided by the structural units of the city government easily available for the citizens. 2.2.2 The new complex helps to economize the administration costs of administering Tallinn. 2.2.3 The new complex should strengthen the mutual relations of the officials (independent of the rank of position) and favour exchange of information with the help of well organised room (canteen, partially public areas for having a rest, also the design of urban space around the facility). 2.3 Summary of formation of the institution 2.3.1 Tallinn Town Council Establishment time of Tallinn local government, i.e. Tallinn Town Council is not exactly dated. It might date back to 1230ies when a settlement area occupied by permanent residents of craftsmen and merchants started to form at the place of lower town of Tallinn. Tallinn Town Council (consilium consulum civitatis) was first mentioned in the historical document issued by King Eric IV Ploughpenny of Denmark on 15 May 1248, which granted the Lübeck Charter to Tallinn. From this time on Tallinn Town Council remained a leading institution in almost all areas of the life of the city for almost six and a half centuries. The task of the Town Council was representing the city in the international arena – i .e. conclusion of agreements with foreign governors and cities, taking care of fulfilling the obligations of Tallinn as a member of Hanseatic League, participating in Hanseatic Days, conducting commercial negotiations, protecting the rights of the citizens abroad, ensuring justice and order, responsibility for defence capability of the city, accountancy on real estate of the city, collection of citizen taxes and other taxes, partial accountancy on costs and revenues of churches and almshouses, etc. The Town Council kept accountancy, rent, land and citizen registers and correspondence with other governors in homeland as well as abroad, and worked through the requests and claims of the citizens. The Town Council consisted of burgomasters and aldermen. As a rule, all of the latter had a position in the Town Council. At the latest from the middle of 16th century, a syndic also belonged to the Town Council. After that there was paid labour employed in the service of the Town Council, who did not belong to the membership of the Town Council, like parish clerk, bailiffs, janitor etc. The Town Council co-opted its members by closed elections. The number of aldermen varied from 19 to 25. Initially the position of alderman was an honourable post and the Town Council acted in 2 two shifts year by year. Only half of the members of the Town Council worked at a time. They formed the so called sitting Town Council (sit ender Rat). The half of the Town Council retired for a year was called old or resting Town Council (alter Rat). Aldermen used their free year for administering their private business. In its activities the Town Council followed the Lübeck law, and in addition it issued its own regulations and orders (bursprake, willküre), which were proclaimed in public to the citizens. When making most important decisions the Town Council had to take into account the opinion of major guilds, whereat the most powerful guild was the Great Guild. The sittings formed the usual working method of the Town Council and as a rule they were held in Town Hall, in the clerk’s room situated near the market-place (Town Hall Square) or in the Church of the Holy Ghost, where also the Town Council’s religious services were held. Change of the seigneur did not cause relevant changes in the activity of the Town Council. So called regency period, when in 1785 the Towns Law (so called pardon letter to towns) issued by Cathrine II, replaced the Town Council as a town government temporarily by City Duma, forms a separate interim chapter in the history of the local government of Tallinn. Former functions of the Town Council were restated by the emperor Paul I in 1796. Breaking stage in the history of local government of Tallinn started on 26 March 1877, when by the ukase of the emperor Alexander II the 1870 General Russian Town Law was established in the Baltic towns. The Town Council was replaced by the elective city council (Duma) and government (Uprava). The city council also elected the mayor. The first elections to Tallinn City Council took place on 24–25 November 1877. The first meeting of the new council was held on 22 December 1877. Oscar Arthur von Riesemann was elected the first mayor of Tallinn. The Town Council remained only as a court institution. 9. On 9 July 1889 Russian court law was established in Baltic provinces by which Tallinn Town Council was liquidated. The last festive meeting of the Town Council was held on 17 November 1889. 2.3.2 Mayors of Tallinn 2.4 Future vision 2.5 The purpose is to improve the availability of the functions offered by Tallinn City Government to the citizens. Mostly it is done by improvement of e-environment, but it is also important to make the whole package of services available to the citizens and partners at the same place. 3. Tallinn 3.1 Natural conditions 3.1.1 Geographical coordinates – at latitude 59°26´ N and at longitude 24°46´ E. 3.1.2 Landscape factors – coastal shallow of Northern Estonia, flagstone of North-Eastern Estonia, and clint of North-Eastern Estonia. 3.1.3 Natural resources – clay, flagstone, sand, groundwater, lake sediments. 3.1.4 Water bodies – Gulf of Finland, Lake Ülemiste, Lake Harku, Pirita River. 3.1.5 Drinking water – mostly from Lake Ülemiste, a little from groundwater. Climate – average air temperature +5.0 °C, rainfall 550 mm, vegetation period 175 days. 3.1.6 Natural vegetation – pine forest, mixed forest at clint. Bogs – bogs of Pääsküla and Tondi, Suur-Sõjamäe and Õismäe. 3.1.7 Nature preserves – birds reserve Natura 2000 at Paljassaare peninsula, landscape reserves of Pirita and Nõmme, several parks (the largest is Kadriorg). 3.1.8 Climate – there is transitional temperate climate which is a mix of continental and maritime 3 climate. The weather is softer than in inland. Yearly rainfall is about 55–880 mm. Yearly average temperature is about +5 °C or a little bit higher. The coldest month is usually February, when the average temperature is -5 °C. The warmest month is considered to be July, when the average temperature is +18 °C. But major variations from the norms occur quite often (which concerns both coldness and warmth). Western winds are dominating. 3.1.9 From east the border of the city centre is formed by clint of North-Estonia and at that clint the biggest park – Kadriorg is situated. Ülemiste and Lasnamäe are situated above the clint. Scheme of natural and scenic factors of Tallinn 1 Absolute altitude of plateau Toompea is 47 metres. 4 3.1.10 Formation of Tallinn (on the basis of D.Bruns “Tallinn. Development of Urban Construction”; schemes and photos are from the same book, also the ideas from the article of P. Lehtovuori “Catching the Opportunity of Tallinn Bay. Formation of an Urban Icon” (Maja 1/2008) have been used. Development of the urban construction of Tallinn has been very closely related to the development of sea and ports. Gradual elevation of the ground has changed the coastline so that probably the port initially formed somewhere at the place of Kalev swimming-pool; a foreland situated in the north from the old town and protected this way a little bay reaching the coast from northers and northwesters. Favourable geological location (port with Toompea castle) probably caused the creation of urban community here. In the 13th century the coastal territory was about 2.1–2.6 meters lower than nowadays and therefore the sea reached about 1 km and in 11th–12th century about 1.5 km more forward into the city territory; the coastline reached especially far to inland from eastern part of the old town, from the present area of Kalev swimming pool and Viru square. Only at the place of Kadriorg park the coastline was approximately at the same place as it is today. CLAYPONDS water conduit of the port water conduit of the city COASTLINE OF THE SEA Natural situation of Tallinn in the Middle Ages and its partial change in the following centuries (by R. Zobel) 5 Scheme of the area of Tallinn in the middle of the 16th century (by R. Zobel) Possible location of the ancient suburbs 1—Kalamaja, 2—Köismäe, 3—Kalarand, 4—Tõnismägi, 5—Härmapõllu, 6—Kivisilla, 7—Pleekmäe, 8—Settlement around the mills near the headwaters of the river Härjapea Already at very early stage of development of Tallinn some settlement areas were created near the city – those were the initiations of the oldest suburbs. Their location was mainly determined by landscape peculiarities and ancient roads went through these places. One of the oldest suburbs was Kalamaja – area of fishermen, boat-men and pilots, which was situated at north-western side from the old town at the high coast of the Tallinn Bay. There are different opinions about the formation time of Kalamaja and other suburbs. Between Kalamaja and old town there was the living area of rope twisters (Reperbahn) – suburb of Köismäe with its workshops and long funicular railway for making ropes; the first written notice about it is from the year 1352. It was located between current Suur-Patarei (earlier called Reperbahn), Vana-Kalamaja and Suurtüki streets and reached the fortification of the old town. Close to that place, on the low coast of the bay, the oldest fishermen port was probably situated. With time, Kalamaja, Köismäe and Kalarand grew together and the urban community was called Kalamaja. Settling down the territory outside the town, but also the construction of the territory was very slow at Middle Ages. First, the old town was big enough for very many people to settle down there; secondly, building outside the circular wall was not allowed because these constructions could hinder the defence of the town and in case of attack the enemies could use them as shelters. So far still several requirements from the magistrate to demolish the buildings outside the old town are known. Creation of wide entrenchment area around the old town in 16th–17th century made big corrections into initial planning structure. Whole road network, gardens of the citizens and all buildings located in that area were liquidated. This also destroyed the paths, which joined the radial roads with each other and ran near the town circular wall. Instead of them new roads were created, now already outside the entrenchment area. In front of the bastions there was quite wide and flat esplanade, where construction works were strictly prohibited. In the end of the 17th century the population of Tallinn was about 10,000. From the end of the 17th century the development of Tallinn urban construction can be already followed by preserved plans. The map of Tallinn suburbs issued by Sigismund von Staden in 1699 consisting of 40 plans gives the most perfect picture of Tallinn in the end of the 17th century. This 6 structure has exactly expressed radial system (that very seldom appears at other places) or being more precise – fan-shaped system, if taking into consideration the coastal location of the town. Most of the destinations shown on the plan (maybe with little changes) exist also nowadays. Soon after Tallinn had capitulated under Russian state in 1710 the Russian emperor Peter I initiated extensive construction works for building new military harbour, Admiralty, Kadriorg palace and Kadriorg park, which have influenced the further urban construction in Tallinn a lot. In 18th century, compact urban space on the esplanade surrounding the entrenchment around the old town was formed. From 1816 (11,902 people) to 1871 (29,162 people) the population of the town increased almost two and a half times. It can be explained by creation of industrial manufacturing in Tallinn in these years. Already by the end of the 18th century, the craftsmen manufacturing dominated for centuries had been lapsed for this time. Town Law issued in 1785 allowed establishing workshops, manufactories, factories and plants, and setting up work-benches in Tallinn. Several industrial enterprises were created at the place of the Middle Age mills on the shore of Härjapea river, where water energy was available. Development of the town was also more intensive at these places. In conclusion it could be said that during the whole modern history the original planning system has been continuously developed in Tallinn. Principally, Tallinn carried the medieval character of its urban construction structure unchangeably through all centuries until the 70ies of the 19th century. A great impulse to Tallinn’s development was given by opening the Paldiski–Tallinn–St.Petersburg railway. Now Tallinn got connection with other districts inside of Russia. Grand opening of the railway took place on 5 November 1870. In 1887 the railway between Tartu and Valga (the railway between Valga and Riga already existed) was opened and two years later the railway line Valga– Võru–Pechory–Pskov was constructed. The main purpose of foundation of the Baltic railway was to create connection between Tallinn harbour, which seldom covers with ice, and Russian general railway network. As the railway ran in the east along the clint of Lasnamäe, which height was about 40 meters above the sea, then for reaching the port it was necessary to come gradually down to the sea. That way such semicircle of railway was formed, which influenced the further urban construction in Tallinn a lot. In the last decades of the 19th century and especially in the first decades of the 20th century the costal area of the town essentially changed. To the coastal area starting from Paljassaare to the barracks of West Battery a harbour and industrial buildings were built so that the biggest suburb Kalamaja was cut off from the coast. Only former fish port, i.e. the territory at east side of the barracks remained its access to the shore. Earlier the sight of old town had always been opened to the sea. Then the sight had been eclipsed by the buildings from 1861 of Wiegand factory (current buildings of the factory Ilmarine at the corner of Põhja puiestee and Suur-Patarei street), further the gas factory (1865) built in the opposite of the gate Suur-Rannavärav and finally the buildings of the power station. Tallinn owes its quick development and growth largely to the closed harbours and industry in the coastal area. But if looking back to the history, quick industrial development influenced the general development of the town contradictorily: the number of working places increased, the town rapidly grew and developed, but the whole seaside was relinquished to the commerce, military industry and transit. Connection with the sea was lost and citizens did not identify Tallinn as a city by the sea any more. The urban planning and design was also concentrated to the development of the city centre and suburb areas. Connecting the city with the sea became actual again in the beginning of 70ies before the Moscow Olympic Games in 1980. 7 Model of the competition design for planning and construction of the center of the Tallinn City 1972 I – II award. Architects D. Bruns, T. Model of the design for planning the Center of the Tallinn City. Kallas, Engineer Karu The model of the competition project from the year 1972 (D. Bruns, T. Kallas, R. Karp, H. Karu) and the model of the detailed plan of the centre of Tallinn from the year 1984 (I. Raud, E. Aurik, T. Nigul, R. Hansberg, I. Fjuk). In both projects the desire of the architects to open the centre to the sea again can be seen. After Estonia regained its independence, many costal areas of the centre were partially opened to the citizens, but mainly these are still nobody’s areas partitioned by roads and parking places. 3.2 Competitions related to the development of coastal areas 3.2.1 Starting from the period preceded the 1980 Olympic Games, clear positions concerning the issues related to the centre and coastal area of Tallinn have been reached through discussions, competitions and detailed plans. The biggest and most relevant of them is the idea about a promenade connecting the Paljassaare peninsula and Pirita city district along the coastline and the idea about continuous green area around the old town of Tallinn. 8 3.2.2 Thanks to several architectural competitions, latest real estate boom and attention by the media the development plans and dreams about the coastal area of Tallinn have gained a new dimension. The probability of realization of the plans has increased. Private owners have lately been very active in developing the coastal area. Starting from the year 2000, several public and restricted architectural competitions have been arranged. Some of the most important of them are the following: Architectural competition for obtaining the best conception of the urban construction of the costal area adjacent to the centre of Tallinn; Design contest for spatial planning of the area of Tallinn old harbour; Architectural competition for volumetric planning of the area of Tallinn Harbour adjacent to the Admiralty; Architectural competition for Rotermann quarter; Architectural competition for Skoone bastion; European 9 contest in Paljassaare harbour; Design contest for the volumetric planning of the area of Patarei and Seaplane harbour; Architectural competition for Noblessner quarter. 9 Several interesting solutions have been offered for having better connection between the centre and the old town: integrated traffic solutions, new tramway from Paljassaare peninsula to Kadriorg, smooth promenades along coastline, road solutions specific to the city, which could support the coexistence of the vehicles and pedestrians. Areas released from harbour and industry make space for creation of the socially diverse living and working environment. 3.3 Population, nowadays trends in urban construction As of 1 July 2006 the population of Tallinn was 400,445 residents. The territory of Tallinn is about 156.3 km2. Lakes Ülemiste and Harku and Aegna island belong to the administrative area of the city. 3.3.1 Urban sprawl – living areas are moving out from the city centre; outside of the city the areas of one-family dwellings are growing. Therefore the city population decreased during the period of 1989–2000 about 16%. Important factor in this was the emigration of Russians to Russia. 3.3.2 Average lifetime of people is growing. 3.3.3 Usage of vehicles is increasing. 3.3.4 Industry moves outside of the city. 3.3.5 The number of the residents working in service sector is growing. 3.4 Tallinn is divided into eight administrative city districts: Haabersti, Mustamäe, Nõmme, Kristiine, Põhja-Tallinn (Northern-Tallinn), Kesklinn (centre), Lasnamäe and Pirita. 10 Population as Density per 1 City district of 01.01.2003 km² Notes Haabersti 35,557 1,912 The so called sleeping area consisting of typical apartment blocks was built in Õismäe in the period from 1968 to 1970 Kesklinn (centre) 42,196 1,507 Old town and the area inside the railway circle, historically sensitive area Kristiine 28,623 3,045 Area between Endla and Paldiski streets, garden-city, a little bit of industry Lasnamäe 109,516 3,651 Construction of new “sleeping area” consisting of typical apartment blocks was started in the period of 1973–1978 Mustamäe 62,993 7,874 Most of the new apartment blocks in the new “sleeping area” were built in the period of 1959–1972 Nõmme 35,925 1,283 Former summer-houses area, nowadays garden-city, in 1940 was merged with Tallinn Pirita 9,348 499 Former summer-houses area, nowadays garden-city PõhjaTallinn (NorthernTallinn) 53,696 3,103 Former industry workers community, 2 areas of cultural and environmental values, consists mostly of wooden apartment buildings Total 377,890 2,392 In quality, thoroughly thought through planning of the costal area into socially diverse, well related, urban environment with high density, the possibility to stop the extensive consumption focused lifestyle propagating extension and urban sprawl should be seen. 4. Competition area and surrounding urban space 4.1 Location 4.1.1 The competition area is located in Northern-Tallinn, next to the City Hall, near naval harbour, 11 in the immediate impact area of the old town and Tallinn Harbour. Relief rises slightly towards the inland. Difference of heights in the competition area is about 1.5 metres. 4.1.2 The addresses of the planned complex of buildings are Põhja pst 33, Põhja pst 33a, Põhja pst 31a and Mere pst 20b. 4.2 Surrounding urban space 4.2.1 Gulf of Finland 4.2.1.1 Gulf of Finland. The width of the gulf reaches to 130 kilometres in the middle of the gulf. The depth is over 100 metres. Among others, the islands Naissaar, Suursaar and Kotlini are situated in the gulf. The rivers with the biggest flow discharging into the gulf are Neeva and Narva. The salinity of the gulf is up to 6 per mille in the western part of the gulf, towards eastern part the salinity becomes continuously less. 4.2.2 Tallinn Bay 4.2.2.1 Tallinn Bay is the biggest bay of the Baltic Sea which has connected different city districts 12 of Tallinn with each other and influenced the development of the infrastructure of the city through the whole history. Extensive construction plans along the coastline of the Tallinn Bay influence the functionality, structure and identity of the whole city. By brief analysis the mainland areas near the Tallinn Bay competition areas can be divided into two: 1) The coastline from the competition area to Paljassaare is characterized by nearly continuous industry area and harbours, which are surrounded by dwelling areas from inland. Actually next to the planning area, Kalamaja wooden apartment buildings area of cultural and environmental value begins. The area of Kalamaja consists of simple rental houses built mainly in the period of 1910– 1940. Its biggest value is the original industry workers district with unchangeable full structure. The houses are mostly two- or three-storey wooden buildings. Taking into account the architectural peculiarity and integrity of the area, the district of Kalamaja has been determined in the comprehensive plan of Tallinn as the area of cultural and environmental value. In connection with the last years’ improvement of living standards, the area has been settled down by financially more secure people, the area has been maintained a lot and the reputation of Kalamaja as a living area has risen. 2) The impact area of the harbours in the centre of Tallinn, City Hall and old town is currently characterized by simple new buildings, harbour structures and traffic assemblies. The relevant keyword here is the traffic between Tallinn Harbour and the old town, and between Tallinn Harbour and the cit centre. The most integral new development work near this area is the Rotermann quarter. The promenade area meant for pedestrians and light traffic and passing through the actively developing district should continue in the future with the boulevard partitioned with parks and connecting Pirita with the city centre (was built in 1980 for the Olympic Games). 4.2.2.2 New administration building of Tallinn City Government will become the identity creator of the area and the accelerator of the development of urban construction. The development of the costal areas could be considered as an alternative to oppose the urban sprawl and the vehicles centred environment. 4.2.3 Old town of Tallinn 4.2.3.1 The special value of the old town of Tallinn mainly consists of its medieval environment and structure, which has remained until nowadays and which has been lost from other capitals in Northern-Europe. In the old town of Tallinn the network of streets and the borders of plots formed in the period of 11th–15th century still almost completely exists, and lots of buildings constructed in the 14th and 15th century are remained in original size until now. All relevant mission and sacred buildings, but also lots of residential buildings of the citizens and merchants together with barns have been retained in their main medieval form. It can be said that Tallinn is one of the best and most completely retained medieval city in the Europe, being the real treasure of Estonian architecture. From 1997 the old town of Tallinn belongs to the World Heritage List of UNESCO. 13 4.3 Buildings in surroundings. The buildings in the surrounding urban space are of multiusage. Põhja pst 27, Põhja pst 29, Põhja pst 31, Põhja pst 27a In the west from the competition area the Cultural Cauldron, which is an incubator of the creative fields is situated. The centre supports different types of art, creative business and the activities related to environmental protection. For getting further information about Cultural Cauldron, click here. The chimney, dock and the administrative building of the previous Tallinn power plant and the gas collector of the previous Tallinn gas station, which are all under protection as architectural monuments are located in the plot of the Cultural Cauldron. Mere pst 20 In the north-east from the competition area the City Hall designed by Raine Karp and Riina Altmäe (national architectural monument reg. no. 8781) is located. Tallinn City Hall is a cultural establishment with a hall with 4300 places for concerts, theatre and conferences, ice arena and cafes. Its first name was V. I. Lenin Palace of Culture and Sports. The City Hall was completed in 1980 for Moscow Olympic Games. In creation of the building, keeping the view opening from the sea to the old town skyline was considered important. As during construction of the building it was not possible to liquidate the railway branch taking to the port, the building has also been a bridge over the railway for the pedestrians. The closeness of the building and the walls covered with grass forming the inclined planes make the building related to the bastions from Swedish times locating in the neighbourhood. Tallinn City Hall achieved Grand Prix at the biennial of Interarh-83 and the gold medal from the President of the International Union of Architects and in 1984 the national award of the Soviet Union; therefore the City Hall belongs to the list of objects protected under heritage conservation. Now it has been planned to build conference rooms instead of the ice arena, and fair and exhibition room instead of the pools of cooling water. Sadama tn 1 On the other side of the square planned in front of the main stairs of the City Hall, new administrative building of Tallink designed by the architectural bureau Meelis Pressi Arhitektuuribüroo OÜ will be built. 4.4 Overview of landscaping 4.4.1 In the north of the plot, at the address of Põhja pst 20b, a parking ground is located, which parking spaces are separated from each other by regularly planted oaks. The oaks are also growing in the northern side of the plots at the addresses Põhja PST 33 and Põhja pst 33a. The green-area to be retained can be also found in the territory of Cultural Cauldron. 4.5 Recommendations for retaining the existing green areas, their maintenance and completion; recommendations for planned green area 4.5.1 It is recommended to use the existing green areas as much as possible in working out complete conception of greeneries. 4.5.2 Depending on the conception of the solution it is strongly recommended to create a city square between the city government building and new administrative building of Tallink in front of the City Hall, and to the northern side of the competition area (Mere pst 20b) it is recommended to create a city park along the coastal line separating the promenade. According to the quarters and location of the buildings the city square will remain opened for the midday sun, and the city park for the evening sun. 14 4.6 Transport and traffic 4.6.1 International transport 4.6.2 International transport. The plot is located about 500 metres from Tallinn Harbour, 4.7 kilometres from Tallinn Airport, about 500 metres from acoustic port (at the seaside part of the City Hall), 1 km from the railway station and 2.7 km from bus station. Connection of the competition area with transport terminals is good. 4.6.3 City transport, public transport 4.6.4 The competition area is located near the important highway – Põhja puiestee, which creates presumptions for good public transport connection with other districts of the city. Along Mere puiestee the tramway lines connecting Kopli with Ülemiste and Kadriorg run. The closest bus stop is located about 170 metres away from the planned complex of building (in front of the Cultural Cauldron at Põhja puiestee). 4.6.5 Timetables of the public transport are available on the webpage of Tallinn. 4.6.6 Cycle tracks 4.6.7 Considering the overloaded roads network of Tallinn it is clear that cycling transport will have very special and favourable position in development of Tallinn in the future. This should also be considered in competition works. Next to the competition area, planned international cycle track runs. Developed cycle tracks are located in Tallinn as follows. It is important to create high-quality cycle tracks along the seaside promenade of Tallinn. 4.6.8 Surrounding traffic scheme 4.6.8.1 At the South-Eastern side next to the competition area a plot of land is located that formerly belonged to the railway (same destination) with the overtaking corridor of Kalamaja. In competition work, abandonment of the idea of the junction on the ground (as highway) should be considered; a solution of an overtaking corridor as underground corridor should be considered as an alternative. For increasing the density of street network and dispersion of traffic it is still recommended to plan a two-way street to the approximate route. 4.6.8.2 In the green area between the competition area and old town the crossing facilities uncomfortable to the pedestrians are dominating. The next scheme illustrates the picture about existing roads and planned Kalamaja overtaking. 15 4.6.8.3 In this competition workit is recommended to make proposals about improving the connection between competition area and old town by changing the area friendly to the pedestrians and light traffic. 4.7 Restrictions of heritage conservation 4.7.1 The planned area will remain in the protected zone of the buildings of Cultural Cauldron and the protected zone of City Hall declared as an architectural monument by the regulation of the Minister of Culture (forming at the same time a part of Kalamaja built-up area of cultural and environmental value). The radius of the protected zone of architectural monuments is 50 metres. In case on planned buildings it is important to guarantee the view on the architectural monuments. Relevant watching directions and corridors 4.7.2 The height of the main volume of the new building of city government must not be higher than the height of the City Hall (24 metres form the ground, comes from the watching directions shown in previous scheme). The higher possible tower like part of the Town Hall can reach over 16 this. Impact zone of the objects under heritage conservation and the area of cultural and environmental value 4.8 Utility networks 4.8.1 The area is connected to the city gas and water networks (in Põhja puiestee and from the destination of City Hall). On the axis of the City Hall, near the border of the east side of the competition area there is a big sewer main pipe in the depth of approximately 8 metres. 4.8.2 Power supply. The substation must be designed into the volume of the building. Architectural solution should guarantee free access to the substation 24 hours a day. 4.8.3 Sewerage for rain water does not exist in the surrounding streets at the moment; it is recommended to channel the water into soil of the plot and use water absorptive roofs (for example roof with greenery) in the built-up area or apply the system for collecting rain water from the roofs (in toilets etc). Superfluous rain water will be directed to Tallinn Bay, if needed. 4.9 Soil condition, engineering geology 4.9.1 According to the plan made in the period of 1994–1996, the soil consists mainly of the marine sediments (sand + clay) and of the unknown filling. Sea water is approximately at the depth of 1 meter; therefore the underground floors have to be built as a caisson. 5.Requirements for the design of the new administration building of Tallinn City Government 5.1 New administration building of Tallinn City Government must be: 5.1.1 Easily accessible; 5.1.2 Spacious and full of light; 5.1.3 Functional; 5.1.4 Ecological; 5.1.5 With comfortable microclimate; 5.1.6 Secure. 17 5.2 The administration building of the capital of the Republic of Estonia has to fulfil the functions of promoting environmental awareness and educating people by demonstrating different energy saving solutions to the citizens. The building has to be designed as the building of low use of energy. For this purpose the building has to be: 5.2.1 Very well insulated; 5.2.2 With very good airtightness; 5.2.3 Designed and constructed without thermal bridges; 5.2.4 Position and quality of windows has to enable passive usage of solar power (triple sealed glazing units are mostly used, which outside glass reflects the thermal radiation back to the inside of the building, or double elevation systems). For decreasing the cooling and ventilation costs it is recommended to avoid the fall of direct solar radiation to the windows in summer. 5.2.5 It is necessary to use a heat exchanger of high efficiency (60–85% of discharged ventilation heat will be directed back to inner energy circulation with incoming air). 5.2.6 The design solution has to be guided by the principle of sustainable development. Economical and environment friendly building and finishing materials and economical maintenance and waste removing systems has to be used in the building (one possible approach for designing a building with low energy consumption is the usage of passive house conception). For more information see the webpage of Tartu University. 5.3 Access by bicycle and on foot 5.3.1 The building is planned for pedestrians and cyclists. 5.3.2 There arises a possibility to build a pavement from Vana-Kalamaja street with the direction to the sea and with the connection to the seaside promenade. Public access to the seaside promenade is to be ensured. According to today’s plans the promenade will continue in Noblessner quarter and Kalamaja park, continuing from there to Paljassaare peninsula in the future. 5.3.3 Ways for movement inside and outside the building have to be logical and conveniently meet the moving requirements of disabled people (those working in the building as well as the visitors) (More about standards see from here). 5.3.4 To solve the driveways and ways for light traffic; access to the port and coastal track. 5.3.5 Connection of the building with coastal promenade should be ensured by the way for light traffic along the left side of the City Hall. 5.4 Access by car 5.4.1 The competition area can be accessed from Sadama street and/or from Põhja puiestee (to Rumbi street, which runs under the City Hall; city government has not planned the traffic there for now). 5.4.2 Technical solution for the access can be changed, if the necessity is justified. 5.5 Requirements and recommendations for working out the parking solution 5.5.1 Parking of the vehicles of the planned complex of buildings have been planned to the own plots (preferably in underground parking lot, to 2 floors underground) and if necessary, under the square in front of the City Hall. 5.5.2 In the competition assignment the parking is to be solved according to the standard, according to the standard of the Tallinn city centre, considering the approximate volume of the building approximately 250 parking spaces (about 6250 m²). 5.5.3 To ensure enough parking spaces on the ground for taxis and a parking space for VIP visitors. 5.5.4 Underground parking lot will remain in joint use for new Tallinn Town Hall, City Hall and 18 Cultural Cauldron. 5.5.5 To find solutions for turning the parking lots located on the ground environment friendly. Parking spaces located on the ground should be partitioned by high greenery. 5.6 Construction area, height restrictions 5.6.1 The main volume of the building should fit into the so called “envelope” worked out by ARS Projekt OÜ. Attention! In case of justified urban construction reason this requirement is not binding. 19 5.7 Fire safety 5.7.1 Requirements and measures are specified in the regulation no. 315 of the Government of the Republic of 27.10.2004 “Fire safety requirements for buildings and their parts”. 5.7.2 Fire resistance class: TP-1. 5.8 Other requirements and recommendations 5.8.1 The main entrance of the building should be designed to open towards the new city square in front of the main stairs of Tallinn City Hall. 5.8.2 The main entrance of the building must be controllable (the entrance for the visitors of the parking place should also open to there). 5.8.3 There must also be separate entrances for city officers. 5.8.4 Entrances to the public rooms should go through the controllable main entrance of the building. 5.8.5 On some upper floor of the building there could be a café and/or restaurant with the sight to the old town and sea. The surface of the roof of the building should be partially opened for the citizens as a sight platform. 5.8.6 The competition work should give the future vision of the usage of the promenade. 5.8.7 It is recommended to use high and low greenery inside and outside the designed building. It is also recommended to design partial roof greenery for the building. 5.8.8 In the scope of the competition work the solution for greenery and little forms of the planned immovable should be presented. 5.8.9 Inside or near the building there has to be a closable and user friendly free of charge cycle parking for citizens and city officers (for joint use of the City Government building, Cultural Cauldron and City Hall). 5.8.10 The windows of the offices for officers should be generally openable. 5.8.11 Corridors of different floors should be separated with a card system. 5.8.12 Ventilation equipment must be planned to the volume of the building. Because of the underground parking it is necessary to consider quite powerful ventilation equipment! 5.8.13 Containers for collecting municipal waste should be planned to the volume of the building into special waste room (preferably on the basement floor). 5.9 Space planning 5.9.1 Location of the departments in the building must be grouped according to the fields administered by the vice-mayor. 5.9.2 Room solutions should be simply modified within a unit. 5.9.3 City Planning Department, Cultural Heritage Department, Land Issues Department and Municipal Engineering Department must be logistically well connected to the archive. 5.9.4 City Planning Department and Cultural Heritage Department should be located close to each other. The area calculated per person in the room program also includes the area of entrances (corridors) (8 m² per person in the room), but does not include the area of bigger rest areas, atriums and other public areas inside the building. 5.9.5 Space requirements per person in the room program also take into account the direct entrance like a corridor, but do not consider bigger atriums and other rooms in general use. See annex “Room program”, column E. 5.9.6 General rooms, ancillary premises and parking spaces meant for usage by all employees are 20 added to the room program. Approximate location of the building on the ground; spread out room program (light) and parking lot (dark) 21