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Edinburgh
Edinburgh
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Is the capital of Scotland and its second largest city, after
Gladgow. It has been the capital of Scotland since 1437
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Edinburgh had a total resident population of 448,624.
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The city is one of Europe's major tourist destinations, attracting
around 13 million visitors a year, and is the second most visited
tourist destination in the United Kingdom, after London.
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It is in the south-east of Scotland
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The most famous of these events are the Edinburgh Fringe (the
largest performing arts festival in the world).
Etymology
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The origin of the city's name in English is understood to come
from the Brythonic Din Eidyn from the time when it was a
Gododdin hillfort. In the 1st century the Romans recorded the
Votadini as a Brythonic tribe in the area, and about 600 A.D.
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It came to be known to the English, the Bernician Angles, as
Edin-burh, which some people once believed derived from the
Old English for "Edwin's fort", with a reference to the 7th century
king Edwin of Northumbria. However, since the name apparently
predates King Edwin, this is highly unlikely.
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Some have called Edinburgh the Athens of the North for its
intellectual history, and for its topography, with the Old Town of
Edinburgh performing a similar role to the Athenian Acropolis.
Old Town and New town
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The Old Town has preserved its medieval plan and many
Reformation-era buildings
The street layout is typical of the old quarters of many northern
European cities, and where the castle perches on top of a rocky
crag
The New Town was an 18th century solution to the problem of an
increasingly crowded Old Town.
In 1766 a competition to design the New Town was won by
James Craig, a 22-year-old architect.
The New Town was so successful that it was extended greatly.
Today the New Town is considered by many to be one of the
finest examples of Georgian architecture and planning in the
world.
Climate and Demographics
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Like much of the rest of Scotland, Edinburgh has a temperate
maritime climate, which is relatively mild despite its northerly
latitude.
Summer temperatures are normally moderate, with daily upper
maxima rarely exceeding 28 °C.
As of 2005, the population was estimated that the City of
Edinburgh council area had a resident population of 457,830.
this resident population was split between 220,094 males and
237,736 females.
Though Edinburgh's population is ageing, a very large and
transient population of young students studying at the city
universities, has offset this demographic problem.
Year
Population
1891
1911
1931
1951
1971
1991
2001
2005
261,225
320,318
439,010
466,761
453,575
418,914
448,624
457,830
Culture, Geology and Transport
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Edinburgh is a major transport hub in east central Scottland, with
arterial road and rail routes that connect the city to the rest of
Scotland and with England.
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Edinburgh is home to a large number of museums and libraries,
especially ones that are considered the main national institutions.
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Some 350 and 400 million years ago, the cores of several
volcanic vents in the area cooled and solidified to form tough
basalt volcanic plugs. Later, during the last ice age, glaciers
moving from west to east eroded the area to its current
conformation.