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PROPOGANDA AN EFFECTIVE WEAPON OF TOTALITARIAN REGIMES Information summarized from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda_in_the_Soviet_Union WHAT IS PROPOGANDA? • information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. • Used to sway people to accept certain belief or actions • Done because the government [or controlling agent] has power over all mass media • It censors all forms of publications and nothing could exist without its permission • Being surrounded by all forms of falsehoods makes people believe they are true • Suggesting that the information is incorrect/false is considered an act of treason and punishable [death or imprisonment] • It can start a large movement or a revolution only if the masses rally behind it to make the images a reality • It could instill hope, faith unity and solidarity PROPOGANDA IN THE U.S.S.R • Communist propaganda in the Soviet Union was extensively based on the Marxism-Leninism ideology to promote the Communist Party line. • The main Soviet censorship body, Glavlit , was employed not only to eliminate any undesirable printed materials, but also "to ensure that the correct ideological spin was put on every published item". • Things were so censored that Isaac Babel, a writer told a friend "Today a man only talks freely to his wife – at night, with the blankets pulled over his head“ • Images were mass produced and placed in visible areas to remind people of the Communist policy and guidelines for proper thinking and behavior Types of propaganda School and Youth Organizations • Wanted to create a new man • Wanted to indoctrinate [train] the new generation on a collective way of life, be Red, build a utopia of brotherhood and justice, be active in the Revolution and fight enemies of socialism Radio • Used to read the illiterate • They set up communal locations where people would come to listen to the radio for updated news from the government Types of propaganda Posters Cinema/theatre • Bold simple designs with powerful messages • Used to help the less literate to convey messages with visuals • Propaganda movies were shown in theaters and to the public to prepare the population and teach them of the changes taking place • Supposed to inspire support of the regime and hatred of the enemy…characters shows virtue Types of propaganda Propaganda Trains Meetings /Lectures • Train ride outfitted with portable cinemas and lecturers to announce major policy changes • Lecturers were used to promote solidarity and make announcements • Speeches by Stalin especially were powerful Types of propaganda Art Newspapers/books • Shows a clear message • Considered the best form of propaganda • Portrayed heroic leaders, ideal life, health, happiness, industrial and agricultural scenes, family life • Only pro-communist newspapers allowed • Nationalized the printing press and publishing houses so they were under the control of the government Themes of propaganda New man Class enemy • New selfless man that was willing to sacrifice his life and selfishness for the common good of all “socialist way” • Stressed hard work to increase productivity and move country forward and celebrate labor • Show the bourgeoisie [high class] as the enemy and targets of the Great Terror • Attacked kulaks [peasants wealthy enough to own a farm and hire labor] and forced collectivization of goods Themes of propaganda New society production • Promoting a new, utopian society that is: • Promotion of five year plan and becoming a mighty industrial and agricultural power • Classless and distinction based on your function and what a good worker you are • Collectivization of all goods • “great family” • Mandatory happiness Themes of propaganda Mass social movement • Great emphasis on education • Emphasis on family life and gender roles Peace-loving • Promoting the idea that the Soviet Union was a peace-loving country and staying out of wars Themes of propaganda internationalism Personality cult • Show revolution as vanguard of a world-wide revolution • They were the example of societies to follow • Promoting the actual leaders themselves like Lenin and Stalin • Role as leader/father of the country • Majestic/idiolized size of Stalin compared to everyone else Themes of propaganda extermination • Dehumanization of people that were against the Communist regime by calling them “insects lice, bloodsuckers” • Depict enemy as inferior, repulsive, animal-like Anti-religious • Religion seen as a class enemy and promoted atheistic education • Ridicule of religious values and replacing them with science • Saw religion as a threat to communism; religious behavior was linked to psychological disorders and criminal behavior Themes of propaganda Anti-intellectualism • Against such interests as fine art and ballet Anti- capitalism • Saw capitalism and capitalist countries as responsible for all the ills in the world • Depicts capitalists as moneyhungry and imperialist who like to take what’s not there and promotes inequality amongst its people "Comrade Lenin Cleanses the Earth of Filth" by Viktor Deni. November 1920 “Under the Leadership of the Great Stalin – Forward to Communism”.1948 Long Live the All Union Day of Physical Culture”. 1947. Long Live the Bolshevik Party. The Party of Lenin and Stalin, the BattleHardened Vanguard of the Soviet People, the Inspiration and Organiser of Our Victory”. 1950. Same year, different weather: The American industry shrunk 22 percent, but the Soviet industry grew with 20% Late 1940s Soviet Means Excellence” Death to World Capitalism!” 1931 Building Socialism” The train from Socialism to communism – and Comrade Stalin drives!” Work hard to fight cold and hunger” “Us and Them” “Death to World Capitalism! Against the White Terror, Fascism and the threat of War”, 1932 “Be on Guard” For the Motherland, for Stalin, for World Peace, for Communism." Young builders of Communism, go forth toward the new heights (achievements) in education and labour.” Glory to the MotherHeroine!" "Work hard during harvest time and you will be rewarded with plenty of bread." 1929 cover of the magazine Bezbozhnik, published by the League of Militant Atheists” What the October Revolution has given to working and peasant women” Long live the mighty aviation of the socialism country”