Download Chapter 19.1

Kick Off
November 4, 2013
 Complete your Absolute
Monarchs graphic organizer
 This will be checked on
Wednesday
The Scientific Revolution and the
Enlightenment
CHAPTER 19.1
The Scientific Revolution
Dawn of Modern Science
 New challenges to traditional
authorities
 Geocentric Theory: earth was
center of universe
 Proposed by Aristotle, upheld by
church
 New theories about natural
world and new procedures to
test those ideas called
Scientific Revolution
 Age of Exploration led people to
study natural world more closely
 Scientific Method: New
approach to discovery
 Developed by Francis Bacon,
Rene Descartes
Discoveries in Astronomy,
Physics, Math, Biology and
Chemistry
1. Copernicus
7. Hooke
2. Brahe and Kepler
8. Boyle
3. Galileo
9. Lavoisier
4. Newton
5. Vesalius and Harvey
6. Van Leeuwenhoek
 Read about your scientist
 Check the solution station
 Meet the other scientists and discuss your
resume
 “Hi! My name is Nicolaus Copernicus. I’m from
Poland. Where are you from? I like to study
astronomy – that’s the study of planets and stars. I
think that the church is wrong – the sun is actually
the center of the solar system....”
 Take notes as you talk with each scientist.
New Discoveries
 Nicholas Copernicus develops
heliocentric theory
 Idea that the planets revolve around
the sun
 Contradicted teachings of the church
 Johannes Kepler expanded on
work of Tycho Brahe and solved
many mathematical issues faced
by Copernicus concerning planets
and orbits
 Galileo built first telescope,
supported Copernicus
 Isaac Newton published Principia
detailing his universal theory of
gravity, developed calculus
Biology and Chemistry
 Andreas Vasalius: produced
accurate drawings of the
human anatomy
 Antony Van Leeuwenhoek:
invented the microscope
 Robert Boyle: father of
modern chemistry, first to
define an element
Elizabeth: Golden Age
Kick Off
November 5, 2013
 In your opinion, what is the
purpose of the government?
 How could we improve the
government?
Science and Society
 New advances challenged
the Catholic Church
 Many scientists were
Christian, did not want to
question the church
 Inquisition put Galileo on
trial, placed him under
house arrest
 Laid the foundation for
future discoveries in
science and philosophy,
people questioning the
natural world
Section 1 Quiz
 Complete the Section 1 “Quiz” by matching
the appropriate term to the description.
 You may use your notes
 When you’re finished- turn it in. Then, you
can finish your absolute monarchs graphic
organizer, or work on the vocabulary words
for this unit.
The Enlightenment
The Age of Reason
 Scientific Revolution led to
idea of reason
 Notion that reason could
be used to solve human
problems became known
as Enlightenment
 Reached its peak in 1700s
in Paris
 Wealthy Parisians hosted
gatherings called salons
where people discussed
philosophy, art, science, etc.
Key Enlightenment Ideas
 The ability to reason is what makes
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humans unique
Reason can be used to solve problems
and improve people’s lives
Reason can free people from ignorance,
superstition, and unfair government
The natural world is governed by laws
that can be discovered through reason
Human behavior is governed by natural
laws
Governments should reflect natural
laws and encourage education and
debate
Key Enlightenment Ideas
 With your partner, read about each of the key
figures of the Enlightenment.
 Answer the questions about them in your
notebook.
 You will have 7 minutes per station
NSA
Historical Heads
 Select one key figure of the
Enlightenment
 Draw their head and fill it with
their ideas
 At least 10 symbols/phrases
Kick Off
November 6, 2013
 Both Thomas Hobbes and John Locke
believed in a social contract. Create a Venn
Diagram (double bubble) comparing and
contrasting their ideas.
Enlightenment Ideas Spread
 Enlightenment ideas spread
quickly across Europe
 Some monarchs ruled
according to enlightenment
ideas
 Called enlightened despots
 Frederick the Great established
elementary education in Prussia
 Catherine II of Russia created a
constitution and code of laws
 Joseph II of Austria eliminated
torture and the death penalty,
established religious toleration,
and abolished serfdom
The American Revolution
CHAPTER 19.2
Change and Crisis
 By mid-1700s, Enlightenment ideas
spread to America
 Land was plentiful and cheap =
opportunity
 Trouble began when Britain began to
tax colonies without their consent
 Stamp Act: tax on official documents to
pay for French and Indian War
 Boycott of English goods forced its
repeal
 New series of taxes had same effect,
citizens began to harass British troops
 Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party
 Citizens called First Continental
Congress in 1774 to list their
grievances (complaints) about the
British
The Revolution Begins
 The Sons of Liberty expected a
war, hid weapons in countryside
and towns west of Boston
 1775: British troops march to
Lexington and Concord to find
weapons
 April 19th: British troops confront
American militia, shots fired,
Revolution begins
 Not all colonists wanted
independence
 Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
argued for independence, widely
read
 Created popular support for the
Revolution
Struggle For Independence
 First war in which governments
were challenged based on
Enlightenment principals
 Declaration of Independence
written at Second Continental
Congress on July 4th, 1776
 Written by Thomas Jefferson
 Expression of Enlightenment
political philosophy
 Drew ideas from English Bill of
Rights
 George Washington named
commander of Continental
Army
The Revolutionary War
 Began poorly for British, forced to
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abandon Boston
Continental army later driven into
New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and
upstate New York
Benjamin Franklin traveled to
Paris to seek help from French
French eventually joined the
Americans, were a decisive factor
in the final victory at Yorktown,
Virginia
British government signed Treaty
of Paris in September 1783,
formally recognizing American
independence
Forming a New Government
 First government based on
Articles of Confederation
 Federal government too weak,
could not tax or negotiate w/
foreign nations
 Constitution adopted in 1787
 Created a federal system in
which some powers were held by
the federal government, others
by states
 Bill of Rights added to protect
individual freedoms
 News of successful revolution
in America had a huge impact
overseas (France)