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The Enlightenment From Reason to Revolution Old vs. New Age of God/Faith • 12th-16th Century • God is in charge of creation – Bible is the authority – Catholic church handles conflict – Heresy • Old way of thinking Age of Reason/ “The Enlightenment” • 17th-18th Century • Protestant Reformation • Scientific Theory – Apply math/science to explain things – Galileo/Copernicus • Reason • Problems could be solved by man and not simply endured!!! • “I think therefore, I am” Descartes Main Ideas • Philosophers/Writers develop new ideas about science, government, and society • Enlightenment reached it’s peak in the 1700’s • Writers published their ideas – Newspapers – Pamphlets – Journals • Deism • Paris, London, America Ideas on Government • Thomas Hobbes – Leviathan-Man is bad and needs government to impose order • Absolute Monarchy • John Locke – all people are born equal – Government should protect basic/natural human rights – Government by consent • Radical idea!!!! Government Cont. • Jean-Jacques Rousseau – Social Contract – Gov. should work for all not a few • Baron de Montesquieu – Gov powers should be separated among branches – Dividing gov powers keeps gov in check • Thomas Paine-Common Sense – “Government is a necessary evil” – Limited government is best • Adam Smith-The Wealth of Nations • Advocated Laissez-fare capitalism (no government regulation) • The “invisible hand” Common Sense • Thomas Paine – Immigrates to America from England – Enlightened writer • Common Sense – Breaks it down for the Common Man – Written in everyday language • You will have a hard time reading – Pushes for Independence for America based upon Enlightened ideas How does this lead to AR? • American Colonists – Religious toleration – Self determination – Leaders read Enlightened philosphers • Resentment – Resented English authority/absolute monarchs – Didn’t want to pay English taxes • Thoughts into Actions – Early colonial documents put Enlightenment ideas on paper • VA Constitution • Common Sense • Declaration of Independence Results • American Revolution – Limited government with check/balances – Capitalism – Govt to protect your rights • French Revolution – – – – Liberty, Equality, Fraternity Calls for total equality Reign of Terror Rejected by AR leaders • Britain – Return of limited monarchy – Power in the hands of Parliament Long Term Impact • Ideas persist today • Enlightenment thoughts are the new norm – Democracies • Social Democracy • Constitutional Democracy • Most political parties fall in with Enlightenment ideas to a degree • Led to development of modern world