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1. What social, political, and economic issues tended to
divide Americans in the period prior to the Civil
War?
2. Why did the election of Abraham Lincoln seem to
increase sectional tensions in the prewar period?
3. What impact did political and military leadership
have on the conduct of the war?
4. How did the war affect minorities during the period
(women, free blacks, slaves, immigrants)?
5. How did the Civil War “make” modern America?
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Sectionalism and states’ rights
Slavery
Economic issues
The
Civil War
(1861-1865)
Through
Maps, Charts,
Graphs &
Pictures
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Larger population
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North 22 million
South Only 9 million
More ships
Larger, more efficient railroad system
Lincoln - Very intelligent and dedicated
More industry - 81% of nation’s factories
Better banking system to raise $ for the war
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75% of nation’s wealth
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Wealth produced:
 Factory production
 Textile goods produced
 Iron production
 Coal production
 Farm acreage
 Draft animals
 Livestock
 Wheat production
 Corn production
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Fighting a defensive war
 Local support of all men
 familiarity with terrain
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Motivation: seeking independence, unified support
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Short communication lines/ friendly population
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Experienced officer corps- (Lee, Jackson, Pickett)
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Cotton - necessary for textile factories of England and
France
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Slave Labor in the early part of the war
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Smaller population
Few factories to
manufacture weapons and
supplies
Poor transportation
system
Weak federal government
= not strong enough to
control Southern states
 Jefferson Davis did not
have complete power
like Lincoln
Rating the North & the
South
Slave/Free States
Population, 1861
Railroad Lines, 1860
Resources: North & the
South
The Union & Confederacy in
1861
Men Present for Duty
in the Civil War
Soldiers’
Occupations:
North/South
Combined
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Confederate forces asked for
its surrender.
Lincoln refused and sent
ships with supplies.
Confederate cannons began
firing on April 12, 1861.
Fort Sumter fell 34 hours
later.
The Civil War began.
Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861
• Confederate
officials began
seizing federal-mint
branches, arsenals,
and military posts.
• Fort Sumter was a
Union outpost in
Charleston, SC.
The Leaders of the
Confederacy
Pres. Jefferson Davis
VP Alexander Stevens
A Northern View of Jeff
Davis
Overview
of
the
North’s
Civil War
Strategy:
“Anaconda”
Plan
The “Anaconda” Plan
“Anaconda Plan”
Goal: surround the
Confederacy and
squeeze them into
submission
Requires them to
cut off resources
from the south for
easier victory.

Goal: to be recognized as an
independent nation in order to
preserve their way of life

Defend its homeland, holding onto
as much territory as possible until
the North got tired of fighting

Capture Washington, D.C.
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Control border states
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Gain England's support
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Expel Union troops from South
Lincoln’s Generals
Winfield Scott
Irwin McDowell
George McClellan
Joseph Hooker
Ambrose Burnside
Ulysses S. Grant
George Meade
George McClellan,
Again!
McClellan: I Can Do It All!
The Confederate Generals
“Stonewall” Jackson
Nathan Bedford
Forrest
George Pickett
Jeb Stuart
James Longstreet
Robert E. Lee
Battle of Bull Run
(1st Manassas)
July, 1861
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On July 21, 1861
First real major conflict of the American Civil War.
Conf. General “Stonewall”Jackson held his ground
and prevented retreat
The battle proved that this was not going to be a
one sided war for either side. The battle spurred a
sense of victory in the South, pushing them on,
and in the North a feeling for revenge.
Confed. wins 2nd Battle of Bull Run 1862
The Battle of the Ironclads,
March, 1862
The Monitor vs.
the Merrimac
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First ever combat with
2 ironclad ships
Merrimac= Confed.
Monitor= Union
Monitor wins when
Merrimac retreats
Damage on the Deck of the
Monitor
Buy Your Way Out of
Military Service
War in the East: 1861-1862
Battle of Antietam
“Bloodiest Single Day of the War”
September 17, 1862
23,000 casualties
 First time the Confederacy invaded Northern
territory was the Battle of Antietam.
 It was bloodiest battle DAY in United States
history. 23,000 causalities that day.
 The Union army stopped the Confederate army.
This “victory” by the Union gave President Lincoln
the chance to announce the abolition of slavery in
the South.
Emancipation in 1863