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UNIT 2: FACTORS THAT LED TO EXPANSION LESSON 2.2: JAMESTOWN, PLYMOUTH, AND MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONIES Focus What factors led Europeans to begin exploring in the 1400’s? How did Christopher Columbus contribute to the Age of Exploration? Summarize how the Spanish were able to defeat the Aztecs. What was the intended purpose of the Encomienda system? What was the outcome of using such a system? For what reasons did the English begin to be interested in the America’s? Activating http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o69TvQqyGdg List 3 things that you didn’t already know Frayer model / Colony Definition of Colony a country or area under the full or partial political control of another country, typically a distant one, and occupied by settlers from that country. Jamestown Jamestown paves the way The founding of Jamestown, America’s first permanent English colony, in Virginia in 1607 – 13 years before the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth in Massachusetts – sparked a series of cultural encounters that helped shape the nation and the world. Jamestown-Early Troubles Serious problems soon emerged in the small English outpost, which was located in the midst of a chiefdom of about 14,000 Algonquianspeaking Indians ruled by the powerful leader Powhatan. Relations with the Powhatan Indians were tenuous. An unfamiliar climate, as well as brackish water supply and lack of food, led to disease and death. Many of the original colonists were upper-class Englishmen, and refused to work! Jamestown-Captain Smith to the Rescue Captain John Smith became the colony’s leader in September 1608 and established a “no work, no food” policy. Smith’s departure in 1609 was followed by the “starving time,” a period of warfare between the colonists and Indians and the deaths of many from starvation and disease. Just when the colonists decided to abandon Jamestown in Spring 1610, settlers with supplies arrived from England, eager to find wealth in Virginia. Jamestown-Tobacco Saves the Day Until the introduction of tobacco as a cash crop about 1613 by colonist John Rolfe, who later married Powhatan’s daughter Pocahontas, none of the colonists’ efforts to establish profitable enterprises were successful. Tobacco cultivation required large amounts of land and labor and stimulated the rapid growth of the Virginia colony. Jamestown-The Origins of Slavery in the Americas The first documented Africans in Virginia arrived in 1619. While these first Africans may have been treated as indentured servants, the customary practice of owning Africans as slaves for life appeared by midcentury. Jamestown- The Seeds of Democracy The first representative government in British America began at Jamestown in 1619 with the convening of a general assembly, at the request of settlers who wanted input in the laws governing them. ATSU- Scene from “Rebels” AP 1 Word Splash: Jamestown Pilgrims and a Puritans : Venn Diagram Puritans wanted to “purify” the Anglican Church. Pilgrims, believing the Anglican Church had become too corrupt, wanted to leave the church completely. KWL: Pilgrims Plymouth Colony On Septmeber 16, 1620, 102 Pilgrims set sail on the Mayflower for Virginia. As soon as they arrived at Plymouth, they began to build their modest homes. Soon, however, a plague swept through the colony, sparing only 50. Pilgrims and Thanksgiving Even the surviving Pilgrims may have perished if it weren’t for the Wampanoag, who taught the Pilgrims how to grow food in the sandy soil. The following Autumn, the Pilgrims joined the Wampanoag in a three day festival to celebrate the harvest and give thanks to God. AP 2: KWL Scene from America the Story of US. In regard to Thanksgiving, what new information was presented in this scene? Complete KWL Massachusetts Bay Colony “The City Upon a Hill” Beginning in 1630, John Winthrop guided the arrival of nearly 1000 colonists to the New World. The initial parties established a permanent settlement on the Peninsula of Massachusetts Bay Puritans- No Footloose The Puritans of Massachusetts Bay were Calvinists, but with their own points of emphasis. They held the traditional belief that all mankind merited eternal damnation, but a merciful God had graciously granted salvation to a few, the Elect. However, they believed that salvation came at a price — God’s chosen people were bound by a contract to see to the enforcement of God’s laws in society. For Example; gambling, blasphemy, adultery, dancing and drunkenness were all illegal and punished severely. Puritans- Giving meaning to the term “NOSEY” Good behavior would not win salvation for the Massachusetts Puritans, but it would help them in their current lives to avoid wars, famines, and other forms of divine wrath. This concern about proper behavior resulted in an abiding interest in the activities of one's neighbors Puritans- A Problem of Proof Religious orthodoxy was challenged from time to time by various members of the community. Most notably Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson. As time passed, church membership declined as fewer people were able to offer proof of a conversion experience, which would convince themselves and others of their inclusion among the elect. Puritan Intolerance Puritans efforts to suppress other religious beliefs inevitably sparked conflict. Eventually, Puritan intolerance led to the founding of other colonies in New England AP 3: 5 Amazing Facts Assignment: Whip, Pillory, and Gallows Discuss the following questions in your groups: 1) What differences can you point out between crimes and criminal punishments in Puritan Massachusetts and those in the USA today? 2) What is your opinion about public shaming as a form of punishment today? 3) There are 2 types of “cruel and unusual” punishments. One type concerns the cruelty of the crime, the other with the cruelty of an excessive sentence. Give an example of each type from the article. Activity Below is a list of punishment methods used by the Puritans. Decide which of the punishments ought to be considered cruel and unusual today, and therefore should be prohibited by the 8th Amendment of the Bill of Rights. Fines Pillory Whipping Wearing a letter Cutting off ears Prison Piercing of tongue with hot iron Ducking stool Banishment Stocks Hanging Public shaming Learning Log Today I Learned………….. What was the primary motive of Jamestown colonists? In what ways did Jamestown influence the culture of America? Summarize the main difference between the Puritans and the Pilgrims. What did Winthrop mean when he spoke of a “City on a Hill”. Why did the Puritan church eventually decline?