* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download The Middle Ages in Europe
Survey
Document related concepts
Emirate of Crete wikipedia , lookup
Byzantine Empire under the Isaurian dynasty wikipedia , lookup
Byzantine Papacy wikipedia , lookup
Byzantine Greeks wikipedia , lookup
History of the Byzantine Empire wikipedia , lookup
Byzantine Empire under the Heraclian dynasty wikipedia , lookup
Byzantine music wikipedia , lookup
Byzantine Empire under the Angelos dynasty wikipedia , lookup
Byzantine Empire under the Komnenos dynasty wikipedia , lookup
Constantinople wikipedia , lookup
Byzantine dress wikipedia , lookup
Byzantine art wikipedia , lookup
Byzantine–Arab wars (780–1180) wikipedia , lookup
State church of the Roman Empire wikipedia , lookup
Byzantine economy wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Byzantine Empire 330 A.D. to 1453 A.D. • In 330 A.D. the Roman Emperor Constantine moved the capital of the Roman Empire from Rome to Byzantium in the eastern half of the empire. • Constantine named this new capital Constantinople Constantinople • Constantinople was ideally located on land that connects Europe and Asia. • It controlled the Bosporus, a narrow waterway connecting the important trade route between the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. Byzantine Culture Develops • The western half of the Roman Empire collapsed in the 5th century, but the eastern half survived for another 1,000 years. • A new Byzantine culture developed, but the people of Byzantium saw themselves as simply continuing the Roman Empire. • The Byzantine Empire became a powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe. • Even though the western empire was destroyed the Byzantines preserved the Greco-Roman culture of Greece and Rome. Byzantine Empire and Christianity • Byzantine Empire created its own form of the Christian religion called Eastern Orthodoxy. • This church was separate from the Catholic Church of Rome. – Byzantines did not recognize the Pope as head of their church, they had a Patriarch. – Byzantines used icons, images of Jesus and saints – Byzantines even had a different shaped cross. Hagia Sophia • The Hagia Sophia was a magnificent church with a giant dome and tall spires (towers). • Valuable metals were used to decorate the church. • Colorful icons and glass mosaics were created to decorate it. Reasons for Survival of Byzantine Empire • Benefitted from influence of Greek, Roman, Christian, and Middle Eastern cultures. • At the crossroads of Europe and Asia which was a major center for trade. • It had a strong central government ruled by powerful emperors with a single set of laws. • A powerful army paid by taxes. Constantinople in now called Istanbul Justinian and ‘The Code of Justinian’ • Justinian became emperor of the Byzantine Empire in 527 A.D. • His rule was greatly influenced by his wife Theodora, and women in his empire had greater rights and privileges. • He reconquered much of the old Roman Empire, but at a great cost . Justinian’s Empire During Justinian’s reign he was able to reconquer much of the western half of the Roman Empire Justinian’s Code • The Code of Justinian was the greatest accomplishment of the Byzantine Empire and had the greatest effect on other cultures by serving as a model of law for future cultures. • Like the ‘Code of Hammurabi’ or the ‘Twelve Tables’, the code collected all of the old Roman laws and listed them into a single set of laws, plus these laws were written down. Decline of the Byzantine Empire • After Justinian’s rule came to an end the Byzantine Empire began to suffer from invading forces, just as Rome had. • The Slavs from the north, the Persians from the east, and the Muslims in the south. • By 1071 the Seljuk Turks gained controlled of much of the eastern part of the Byzantine Empire. • By 1453, the capital city of Constantinople itself was conquered by the Ottoman Turks. Byzantine Influences on Russia • Because the Byzantine Empire controlled access to the Black Sea, it greatly influenced the region that would become Russia. • Byzantine Empire influence is still felt today: – Orthodox Christianity – Cyrillic alphabet The Barbarian Invasions • Romans considered those who lived outside the boundaries of the Roman Empire to be ‘barbarians’. • In the 4th century a war-like tribe called the Huns came to Europe from Central Asia. • The Huns forced the barbarians to move onto lands controlled by the Roman Empire. The Barbarian Invasions • The Visigoths moved into the Roman Empire and by 410 A.D. they sacked Rome. • Various other barbarians invaded Europe: – Angles & Saxon invade England – Visigoths continued toward Spain – Lombard's take northern Italy – Franks settle in Gaul (aka France) See barbarian invasion map on next page