Download Note: You may want to find a copy of Michael Hart`s

MR. DUNN’S WORLD HISTORY CLASS
NOTES AND OUTLINE
December 2, 2013
Chapter 8:
The Prophet Muhammad
PREVIEW ACTIVITY CH 8 page 49 Grey W/B
1. Who was the most influential person in
history? (please pick from the list)
(Note: You may want to find a copy of Michael
Hart’s list of the 100 most influential people in
history, either from his book The 100: A Ranking
of the Most Influential Persons in History or from
the Internet, and use it to begin this discussion.
Explain that Hart’s book fostered many
arguments, and that many people disagreed with
his list.)
Buddha
Julius Caesar
Albert Einstein
Queen Elizabeth I
Jesus
Martin Luther King Jr.
Abraham Lincoln
Mozart
Muhammad
Rosa Parks
Give 2 reasons to support your choice and write
them in the box on p49
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MR. DUNN’S WORLD HISTORY CLASS
NOTES AND OUTLINE
December 2, 2013
Hart ranked Muhammad first because of his influence
in various roles:
 as a politician,
 military leader,
 social reformer,
 and religious leader
Explain that people have different opinions about
which historical figures have most shaped our world
or were most influential. Ask, How many of these
names do you recognize? What do you know about
Muhammad?
After students have shared their ideas, say,
Some people think Muhammad was the most
influential person in history. If you don’t know much
about him, you may not have considered him. Explain
that Muhammad influenced the world in many ways.
He and his followers created an empire that stretched
from Spain to India. Today, one of every five people
worldwide are followers of Islam, the religion he
followed, including millions in the United States and in
virtually every other country in the world. He was
clearly an influential individual in history.
In this activity you will learn about Muhammad’s life;
Islam, the religion he taught; and its followers, the
Muslims.
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MR. DUNN’S WORLD HISTORY CLASS
NOTES AND OUTLINE
December 2, 2013
NOTES CH 8 SEC 8.1 – INTRODUCTION page 83
8.1INTRODUCTION The Prophet Muhammad
1. MUHAMMAD
 Born 570 C.E.
 Founded Islam
2. MAKKAH (MECCA)
 Birthplace of Muhammad
 Many cents earlier was location where god tested:
1. PROPHET ABRAHAM
 He was to leave his wife Hagar and baby son
Ishmael in a desolate valley.
 She became thirsty and desperately
searched for water
2. A MIRACLE happened:
 A spring bubbled up at her son’s feet
3. This was called ZAMZAM
4. Over time people settled near it and Abraham
5. BUILT HOUSE OF WORSHIP
 CALLED THE KA’BA
3. By the time of Muhammad’s birth :
1. MECCA WAS A CROSSROADS
 GREAT TRADE ROUTES
2. Instead of worshiping Abraham’s one God
 PEOPLE WORSHIPED MANY GODS
4. ISLAM – BELIEVED IN 1 GOD, STARTED BY MUHAMMAD
5. MUSLIMS – PEOPLE WERE FOLLOWERS OF MUHAMMAD
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MR. DUNN’S WORLD HISTORY CLASS
NOTES AND OUTLINE
December 2, 2013
SEC 8.2 ARABIA DURING MUHAMMAD’S TIME p. 84
1. MAKKAH’S location:
a. A dry, rocky valley in western Arabia
b. An oasis, but did not have agriculture
c. It gained its wealth as a trading city
2. By 6th century C.E. was a prosperous city
a. Especially by trading with: Yemen, Syria,
and Africa
b. But only a handful of families came to rule
the city and its wealth
c. They did not share the wealth with the
weaker poorer CLANS.
3. Makkah was also a religious center.
a. The KA’BA a cube-shaped shrine held
many statures as the people in those days
were POLYTHEISTS
b. Pilgrims from all over Arabia came to
worship
4.
5.
As many people lived in the desert, there was
no central government in Arabia, so Arabs
pledged their loyalty to larger groups called
TRIBES
Although not united as a nation, they shared
ties of culture, especially language.
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MR. DUNN’S WORLD HISTORY CLASS
NOTES AND OUTLINE
December 2, 2013
SEC 8.7 THE FOUR CALIPHS
1.
2.
3.
4.
P.89-TEXT & P.54-W/B
ABU BAKR (father-in-law)
CALIPH UMAR
CALIPH UTHMAN
ALI ibn ABI TALIB (son-in-law)
632-634
634-644
644-656
656-661
C.E.
C.E.
C.E.
C.E.
1. IMPORTANCE
 “rightly guided”
 Followed the Qur’an
 Followed the example of Muhammad
2. WHAT DID THEY DO
1) ABU BAKR - 632-634 C.E.
o FOUGHT TO KEEP MUSLIMS TOGETHER
2) CALIPH UMAR - 634-644 C.E.
o EXPANDED THE MUSLIM EMPIRE BY FORCE
o INCLUDED:




IRAQ
PERSIA
EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN
NORTHERN AFRICA
o THESE BECAME PROVINCES
o ALLOWED JEWS & CHRISTIANS TO WORSHIP AS LIKED
3) CALIPH UTHMAN - 644-656 C.E.
o SELECTED THE OFFICIAL QUR’AN
o GAVE JOBS TO HIS RELATIVES
o WAS KILLED BY REBELS
4) ALI ibn ABI TALIB - 656-661 C.E.
o WAS FROM MUHAMMAD’S CLAN AND THE UMAYYAD’S
DID NOT LIKE HIM (TOO MANY RELATIVES IN GOVERNMENT)
o THERE WAS A CIVIL WAR - HE SETTLED IT BY
NEGOTIATION – NOT IN BATTLE
o HE WAS KILLED BY THE UMAYYAD’S
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MR. DUNN’S WORLD HISTORY CLASS
NOTES AND OUTLINE
December 2, 2013
SEC 8.8 THE UMAYYAD DYNASTY - P.89/TEXT & P.54/WORKBOOK
I.
THE NEXT CALIPH WAS MU’AWIYAH
LEADER OF UMAYYADS
A.
MOST MUSLIMS CALLED SUNNIS CAME TO ACCEPT
HIM
B.
A MINORITY OF MUSLIMS DID NOT
1.
– SHI’A (PARTY OF ALI)
2.
THEY BELIEVED THAT ONLY PEOPLE DIRECTLY RELATED TO
MUHAMMAD THROUGH HIS SON-IN-LAW ALI SHOULD BE CALIPH
II.
C.
HE FOUNDED A 100 YEAR DYNASTY
D.
MOVED THE CAPITAL TO DAMASCUS
E.
KEPT GARRISONS TO KEEP THE PEACE
CONTINUED TO EXPAND TO SPAIN IN 711CE
III. EXPANSION INTO EUROPE WAS STOPPED BY CHARLES
MARTEL AT THE BATTLE OF TOURS IN 732
IV. THE MUSLIMS HELD ON TO SPAIN FOR ALMOST 800
YEARS AND CORDOBA BECAME A GREAT CENTER OF
LEARNING WHERE MUSLIM, JEWISH, AND CHRISTIAN
SCHOLARS SHARED IDEAS
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MR. DUNN’S WORLD HISTORY CLASS
NOTES AND OUTLINE
December 2, 2013
NOTES FOR TUESDAY 11-28
GUIDE TO READING NOTES 8
A.
8.7 & 8.8 The Four Caliphs and The Umayyad Dynasty
1. Label the map with these places:
 Makkah, Jerusalem, Damascus, Tours, Spain,
Arabian Peninsula, Egypt, and Persia
2. Color the map and the key for these events:
 Muslim lands at Muhammad’s death
 Territory added, 633–661
 Territory added, 662–750
3. Write a summary of the story of the early spread of
Islam. Include these events in your summary:
 Muhammad’s death
 The election of Ali to the caliphate
 The Muslim entry into Spain, and the Battle of Tours
 Possible answer: Most of Arabia was under Muslim
control when Muhammad died. After his death,
caliphs unified Arabia and expanded across the
Middle East and North Africa. The fourth caliph was
Muhammad’s son-in-law, Ali. After his death, Sunnis
and Shi’a split in a dispute over who should be the
next caliph. This division continues today. In 661,
the Umayyad dynasty moved the Muslim capital to
Damascus. Muslims expanded into India, central
Asia, and Europe. A loss at the Battle of Tours in
France in 732-ended expansion into Europe, but
Muslims kept control of Spain, which became a great
center of culture and learning.
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