Download Reconstruction PowerPoint

Monday February 2, 2009
When finished retrieve your Civil War Atlas packet from the class
bin and Nystrom Atlas. Continue to complete your packet.
• WRITEIN YOUR AGENDA:
• What was one negative effect of the Civil
War?
• What was one positive of the Civil War?
**If you still have not completed your Civil War
atlas packet, you have until the end of Channel One
to complete it!
• Make a Prediction:
• What problems do you think the United States
might have faced after the Civil War?
Reconstruction
Period
Rebuilding a Nation
What was the Reconstruction
Period?
• the period after the American Civil War when
the southern states were reorganized and
reintegrated into the Union
• 1865-1877
Impact of the Civil War
• Many Southern cities and homes were destroyed by
the Union’s cannons.
• The Southern economy was devastated by
destruction of agricultural land and the lose of
African American slaves.
• More than $4 billion worth of property was destroyed
by the war.
• Union (North) lost nearly one in every five soldiers.
• Confederates (South) lost nearly one in every four
soldiers.
New Southern Voters
http://www.baltlantis.com/public/Carpetbagger.jpg
• Carpetbaggers
• Northerners who moved south after the
war
• Many were former Union soldiers
• Moved to the south after the Civil War
hoping to make a profit
• Viewed by Southerners as scum and
leaches
New Southern Voters
• Scalawags
• Southerners who joined the Republican
Party after the Civil War favoring
Reconstruction
• Freedmen
• Freed slaves.
Political Cartoons
http://www.knowla.org/uploads/2/Encyclopedia/illustration/thumbs-md/md--the--strong--government-835.jpg
• Explain each of the following in your own
words:
• Scalawag
• Carpetbagger
• Freedman
H/W ‘The Road to Full Participation’
http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?videoId=xu4PpcHxfbM&name=The+Carpetbagging+Yankees&uploadUsername=ignitelearning&hitCount=14350
The End of Slavery
• Emancipation Proclamation
• September 22, 1862
• Freed all slaves within the states that had seceded
from the Union
• Thirteenth Amendment
• Passed January 31, 1865
• This amendment bans slavery in the United States
http://ak.imgag.com/imgag/product/thumbs/3031191t.gif
• Imagine you are responsible for developing a
plan to help freed men and women start a
new life outside of the world of slavery.
• Make a list of at least 5 issues you feel will
need to be addressed to help these people.
The End of Slavery
• Freedmen (freed slaves) began working in the
tenant farming industry as sharecroppers.
• Tenant Farming- Farmer who works land
owned by another and pays rent either in
cash or crops
• Sharecropping- Farmer who works land for
an owner who provides equipment and
seed and receives a share of the crop
Sharecropping
Advantages
personal

freedom
no overseer
could reside apart on their own
rented land

could decide how to spend
their own money

Disadvantages
workers had little to no incentive
to work the land because they did
not own it
 Development of the credit system:

goods bought on credit were more
expensive

dishonesty and poor bookkeeping
hurt the pockets of many freedmen

could arrange their own family
division of labor

http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?videoId=0GAv0NVp3k&name=Sharecropping&uploadUsername=ptchistory&hitCount=3191
End of Slavery
Changing Roles in Society
• During slavery the work/labor was distributed evenly between
male and female slaves
• Many black men found work, working for white business
owners
• Black women began staying home with the children
• Black women were required to have their husbands sign their
labor contracts.
• Black women began receiving wages lower than men doing the
same work.
1.What is sharecropping?
2.How did the lives of freed women
vary from a life of slavery?
H/W is due in the class bin!
It’s Friday, put your warm-up in the bin when finished!
End of Slavery
Social Improvements
• Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of
1866
• the law declared all persons born in
the United States to be citizens,
except for unassimilated Native
Americans, and defined and
protected citizens' civil rights
End of Slavery
Social Improvements
• Humanitarianism- Concern for human
welfare, especially as manifested through
charity
• Private charities and church groups tried to aid
freed people
• Educational institutions gave many black
children and adults their first opportunity to
read and write
• Established black colleges and industrial
schools
End of Slavery
Social Improvements
• Fourteenth Amendment (1868)
• brought freedmen citizenship and equal
protection under laws.
End of Slavery
Social Improvements
• Fifteenth Amendment (1869)
• The right of citizens of the United States to
vote shall not be denied or abridged by the
United States or by any State on account of
race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
• Does not include women.
• Using construction paper and your notes create an identify the major
provisions of the legislature that effected the everyday lives of Americans.
• You will need 3 pieces of paper.
Post-Civil War
Political Change
13th Amendment
14th Amendment
15th Amendment
Civil Rights Act of 1866
End of Slavery
Social Set Backs
• Codes varied but all served the purpose of
oppressing freed slaves. Some examples:
• Blacks could not serve on a jury
• Blacks could not testify in court against a white
person
• Forbid them to take up any occupation except
agriculture
• Could not rent land on their own
• Unemployment arrest and forced labor
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:The_Union_as_It_Was.jpg
• What is one way the Southern government tried
to prevent freed men from voting?
H/W Read W.E.B. DuBois handout and complete questions
End of Slavery
Social Set Backs
• Many laws were passed to try to deny
freedmen the right to vote, even after the
Fifteenth Amendment was passed.
• All citizens had to pay a poll tax-$1-$2 a fee
for voting
• Grandfather Clause- if your grandfather or
father could not vote before January 1,
1867 you could not vote.
• Literacy Testing- interpret a passage, write
your name, etc.
Social Set Backs
Plessy v. Ferguson
http://www.peacebuttons.info/E-News/images/HomerPlessy.jpg
• In 1890 the state of Louisiana passed a law that
required railroads to provide “equal but separate
accommodations for the white and colored races.
. .”
• passengers could only sit in the cars of the train
assigned to members of the race
• refusal = removal from the train AND/OR arrest
• In 1892, Homer Adolph Plessy, who was one
eighth African-American, sat in the white’s only
car of a train. He refused to move when asked and
was arrested.
• Plessy appealed to the Supreme Court saying that
separate train cars violated the Fourteenth
Amendment’s equal protection clause.
Social Set Backs
Plessy v. Ferguson
• Supreme Court ruled that the Fourteenth
Amendment’s equal protection clause required
only equal facilities for the two races not equal
access to the same facility. This is known as the
“separate but equal doctrine”.
http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/images/colored-only-sign.jpg
• allowed legal segregation by race in schools,
stores, restaurants, bus stations, bathrooms,
water fountains and hospitals
Social Set Backs
Ku Klux Klan
• A secret society organized in the South after
the Civil War to reassert white supremacy by
means of terrorism.
• Whipped and lynched freedmen and their
supporters
http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/images/kkk1.jpg
Social Set Backs
Ku Klux Klan
• Lynching- Execution of a presumed offender
by a mob without trial, under the pretense of
administering justice.
• Sometimes involves torturing the victim and
mutilating the body.
• The Force/Enforcement Acts passed by
Congress helped bring a stop to the KKK by
making it illegal to interfere with voter
registration, voting, office holding, or jury
service of blacks
Voices of Civil Rights
• Ida B. Wells
• Ran an anti-lynching campaign
• Mobilized African American women to fight rape
issues
http://www.medarus.org/NM/NMImages/NM-1006_Img_Blacks/10_06_Ida_B_Wells/wells_Barnett.jpg
Voices of Civil Rights
• Booker T. Washington
• Built the Tuskegee Institute in 1881 to teach freedmen job skills
• Strongly believed that freedmen needed a skill not a textbook
education.
http://www.nps.gov/history/museum/exhibits/tuskegee/lgimage/btwoverview.jpg
Voices of Civil Rights
• W.E.B. DuBois
• Harvard graduate with a PhD.
• Demanded that freedmen needed greater opportunities for
education learning beyond using their hands.
•
** OPPOSITE OF BOOKER T. WASHINTON**
http://www.faculty.rsu.edu/~felwell/Theorists/Dubois/Pictures/D
ubois1.bmp
• Word Wall (5 points total)
• Draw a picture relating to your word
(2)
• On the back explain why the picture
relates to your word (1)
• Include the definition (1)
• Use at least 3 colors (.5)
• Use the whole paper (.5)
• What were at least 2 problems the nation had to
deal with after the American Civil War?
Please turn in your warm up sheet when finished!
Research Assignment
• Following the Civil War the government felt the need to
generate a plan for rebuild the nation.
• In your groups, research your assigned Reconstruction Plan,
and be prepared to share your findings with the class.
• How can political cartoons help us
understand history?
• Nast worked at Harper's Weekly.
• Though his time in the United States was limited, his cartoons
have helped us chronicle the social and political problems
plaguing our nation after the Civil War.
• Complete a political cartoon analysis of your assigned Nast
cartoon.
• What did Lincoln want the Southern
states to do in order to be forgiven?
Take an oath of loyalty
Presidential
Reconstruction Plans
Lincoln Makes Plans
• President Lincoln began working on the
changes of reconstruction before the Civil
War had even ended.
• Emancipation Proclamation
http://www.plymouthhistory.org/images/lincoln_abraham_photograph.jpg
• September 22, 1862
• Freed all slaves within the states that had
seceded from the Union
• Thirteenth Amendment
• Passed January 31, 1865
• This amendment bans slavery in the United
States
Lincoln’s 10% Plan
• Lincoln’s Proclamation of Amnesty and
Reconstruction called for:
• a general amnesty, or pardon, to all
Southerners who took an oath of loyalty
to the United States and accepted the
Thirteenth Amendment.
http://www.plymouthhistory.org/images/lincoln_abraham_photograph.jpg
• After ten percent of the state’s voters
in the 1860 presidential election had
taken the oath, the state could
organize a new state government
President Lincoln’s Assassination
• President Lincoln was assassinated 6 days after the Civil War
ended on April 14, 1865.
• John Wilkes Booth, an actor from Virginia and Confederate
supporter shot Lincoln in the back of the head as he sat with
his wife on their private balcony at the Ford Theatre.
• After shooting Lincoln, Booth jumped from the balcony onto
the stage and shouted “Sic semper tyrannis” (thus be to
tyrants).
• Lincoln died 9 hours later.
http://www.pimall.com/nais/pivintage/images/lincolnreward.jpg
Oh Captain My Captain
Lincoln’s Assassination
Lincoln-Kennedy Coincidence
http://www.plymouthhistory.org/images/lincoln_abraham_photograph.jpg
http://www.jfklibrary.org/NR/rdonlyres/959B8D46-B5E7-40E8-A0BD60E09229B8C3/20280/959B8D46B5E740E8A0BD60E09229B8C4.jpg
Kennedy-Lincoln Coincidence
Abraham Lincoln was elected
to Congress in 1846.
John F. Kennedy was elected
to Congress in 1946.
Abraham Lincoln was elected
President in 1860.
John F. Kennedy was elected
President in 1960.
The names Lincoln and Kennedy each contain seven letters.
Both were particularly concerned with civil rights.
Both of their wives lost their children while living in the White
House.
Both Presidents were shot on a Friday.
Kennedy-Lincoln Coincidence
Both were shot in the head.
Both were shot with one bullet.
Both were rumored to be killed in a conspiracy.
Neither was confirmed to be a conspiracy.
Lincoln was shot in the Ford Kennedy was shot in a Ford,
Theater.
Lincoln.
Lincoln's secretary was
Kennedy's secretary was
named Kennedy.
named Lincoln.
Both were assassinated by Southerners.
Both were succeeded by Southerners.
Kennedy-Lincoln Coincidence
Both successors were named Johnson.
Andrew Johnson, who succeeded Lincoln, was born in 1808.
Lyndon Johnson, who succeeded Kennedy, was born in 1908.
Their first names both contain six letters.
John Wilkes Booth, who assassinated Lincoln, was born in 1839.
Lee Harvey Oswald, who assassinated Kennedy, was born in 1939.
Both assassins were known by their three names.
Both names comprise fifteen letters.
Booth ran from the theater and was caught in a warehouse.
Oswald ran from a warehouse and was caught in a theater.
Both assassins were assassinated before their trials.
Wednesday September 27, 2012
• Explain Johnson’s Reconstruction plan in
your own words.
Vice President Andrew Johnson
• After Lincoln’s death Vice President
Andrew Johnson was sworn in as
President.
• His presidency was difficult.
• He spent much of his time disagreeing with
Congress.
• Many felt that he should not have been
sworn in as President because it is not
specifically explained in the Constitution.
http://www.historyplace.com/specials/calendar/docs-pix/ajohnson.jpg
President Johnson’s Plan
• Andrew Johnson issued a new Proclamation of
Amnesty.
•
•
•
•
http://www.historyplace.com/specials/calendar/docs-pix/ajohnson.jpg
This plan offered to pardon all former citizens of the
Confederacy who took an oath of loyalty to the Union
and to return their property.
Did not include former Confederate government
officials or officers. They were required to ask for a
pardon personally from the president.
Each former Confederate state had to ratify (approve)
the Thirteenth Amendment.
Most states met Johnson’s conditions.
President Johnson v. Congress
• Many members of Congress were outraged at how easy
Johnson had made it for the South.
• They became even more enraged when former
Confederate leaders were elected for Congress.
• So much so that they tried to kick them out.
Lincoln V. Johnson
*Compare & Contrast Plans
Lincoln
Johnson
both
Congressional
Reconstruction Plans
Who Decides?
• Both the President and Congress believed that it was their
right to create and implement a reconstruction plan.
• Radical Republicans in Congress did not want to allow the
South to return to the Union easily if at all, while Moderate
Republicans did not want to be too hard on the South
during its recovery.
Goals of Congress
1.The Republican would become powerful in the
South.
2.Help African Americans achieve equality.
3.Prevent Confederate leaders from returning to
power.
Wade-Davis Bill (1864)
The majority of adult white men would take an oath of allegiance
to the Union.
The state could hold a convention and create a new state
constitution and government.
The new state constitutions had to abolish slavery, deny all debts
and deprive any former Confederate government officials and
military officers the right to vote or hold office.
President Lincoln pocket vetoed the bill, feeling it was too harsh.
Pocket veto: a veto of a bill brought about by the president's failure to sign
it within ten days of the adjournment of Congress.
Friday September 28, 2012
• What was the Freedman’s Bureau?
Its Friday…when finished turn in your warm up sheet!
Freedman’s Bureau
• During the Civil War thousands of freed slaves followed the
Union army creating a refugee situation.
• Refugee: a person who flees for safety
• The need to feed and clothe these refugees led to the
creation of the Freedman’s Bureau who were responsible for
providing for the freedmen using army surplus supplies.
Freedman’s Bureau
http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/slavery/freedmans-bureau.jpg
Freedman’s Bureau
• The Freedman’s Bureau was expanded by Congress to
help freedmen to:
• Find work
• Negotiate pay
• Receive an education
• Built schools
• Built colleges to train African American teachers
• Paid teachers
Freedman’s Bureau
http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/freedmans-bureau.htm
Monday October 1, 2012
• How do you think the Freedmen’s Bureau
may have been limited in their ability to
help the needy?
Write in your Agenda:
H/W Complete and Review Study Guide
Reminder: Reconstruction Test Tomorrow
Civil Rights Act of 1866
• The act gave citizenship to all persons born in
the United States, except Native Americans.
• It guaranteed the rights of African Americans to
own property and be treated equally in court.
• It granted the U.S. government the right to sue
people who violated these rights.
Fourteenth Amendment
• The Fourteenth Amendment granted citizenship
to all persons born or naturalized in the United
States.
• It said that no state could deprive any person of
life, liberty, or property “without due process of
law.”
• No state could deny any person “equal
protection of the laws.”
Fourteenth Amendment
• The proposal of the Fourteenth Amendment led to
increased violence against African Americans.
• Congress took action by passing the Military
Reconstruction Act, placing the Southern states under
military rule.
Military Reconstruction Act 1867
• Congress divided the Southern states into five military
districts placing troops under the command of a General
in each district.
• Each state had to hold a constitutional convention.
• The constitution had to give the right to vote to all
adult male citizens.
• After the state ratified its new constitution, it had to
ratify the Fourteenth Amendment.
Military Districts
http://www.vw.vccs.edu/vwhansd/HIS269/Images/map_reconstruction.j
pg
Limiting the President’s Power
• Congress, afraid Johnson would interfere with
their Military Reconstruction Act passed two laws
to keep him tamed.
1.Command of the Army Act that required all orders from
the president to go through the headquarters of the
general of the army.
2.Tenure of Office Act that required the Senate to approve
the removal of any government official whose
appointment had required the Senate’s approval.
Johnson v. Congress AGAIN
• On February 21, 1868, Johnson challenged the Tenure of
Office Act by firing Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton.
Congress used this incident to impeach Johnson from office
and end the tension between the executive and legislative
branches.
• In May 1868 Congress voted to impeach Johnson and
remove him from office. The final count was one vote shy.
End of
Reconstruction
Why did Reconstruction End?
1. Northerner’s Tired of Fighting
• Many northerners simply lost interest in
reconstruction
• Many felt they were losing the fight against
white terrorist groups, like the KKK
2. Corruption in Government
•
The Tammany Society
• Became involved in politics and controlled politicians
and votes with bribes.
• Bought votes from new immigrants (the Irish) by
providing food and shelter.
• Bought politicians with lavish gifts.
• Grant’s Presidency
• Many of the men President Ulysses Grant appointed to
run his government were corrupt
• They accepted bribes in exchange for government contracts to
run Indian trading posts and prevent taxation bills from passing
3. Panic of 1873
• A financial crisis forced thousands of businesses to close,
creating a major distraction for the country.
4. Election of 1876
Democrat: Governor Samuel J. Tilden
(New York)
Republican: Rutherford B. Hayes
(Ohio)
Election of 1876
• When the votes came in Hayes was 20 electoral
votes short to win.
• 20 electoral votes from 4 states remained in dispute
• Congress, being run by the Republicans, gave those
20 disputed votes to Hayes, making him President.
The Democrats were outraged.
• Compromise of 1877
• Democrats agreed to have Hayes be President
• Hayes would allow southern states to control their own
affairs
• Removed federal troops from southern states