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“Era Of Good Feelings” JAMES MONROE Erin Kelbaugh Erin Raley Brianna Rodriguez Nadiuska Rodriguez DOMESTIC Era of Good Feelings ■ It was described as an “Era of national unity and purpose.” ■ The federalist party died out. – One-party system took over. ■ President Monroe went on the Goodwill Tour in New England. – Support for Monroe grew in New England. ■ The Panic of 1819 occurred. – Sent the United States into financial paralysis. ■ The Missouri Compromise took place. ■ Sectionalism and growing issues over slavery began. Marshall Court: McCullough V Maryland ■ The state of Maryland attempted to tax the bank notes of the Bank of the United States. – Nearly destroyed a branch of the bank. ■ In court, John Marshall ruled in favor of the bank. – The bank was constitutional in invoking the Hamilton Doctrine. ■ As a result, Marshall bolstered the power of the federal government, and weakened state powers. Dartmouth College V Woodward ■ Dartmouth College had received a charter from King George in 1769, however New Hampshire legislature saw fit to change the charter. ■ Marshall ruled in favor of Dartmouth College. – Marshall ruled that the original charter is a document and therefore protected under the constitution, which protects contracts against state encroachments. ■ Marshall’s ruling safeguarded business enterprises from domination by states government. ■ The ruling enabled charter corporations to escape “handcuffs of public control.” Gibbons V Ogden ■ A “Steamboat” case in 1824 ■ New York tried to grant a monopoly of waterborne commerce between New York and New Jersey, to Aaron Ogden. – Thomas Gibbons had to cease operating ferries because of this, and the case went to supreme court ■ Chief Marshall said that congress alone controlled interstate commerce – Put down states rights and upheld sovereign power pf federal government American System ■ Developed by Henry Clay in 1824 ■ Had 3 parts: a strong bank system, a protective tariff, and national improvements – The bank provided easy & abundant credit – The Tariff allowed eastern manufacturing to flourish & provided the funds for national improvements, like canals & road networks ■ It would knit the country together economically & politically through transportation & commerce Missouri Compromise ■ It agreed to admit Missouri as a slave state & admitted Maine as a separate free state from Massachusetts, in 1820 – Was a bundle of 3 compromises ■ It kept the balance of free & slave states in senate to 12 each ■ All the land above 36 30’ line from the Louisiana Purchase was free state territory & below it was slave ■ Lasted 34 years & only prevented the inevitable conflict of slavery Second Great Awakening ■ A series of religious revivals based on Methodism & Baptism & the fermentation of religion in terms of church membership and theology – Stressed a religious philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for all Protestant sects – Encouraged an effervescent evangelicalism in American life – Characterized by emotional mass “camp meetings” where thousands of people would gather and soak up the gospel – Stimulated humanitarian reforms: prison reforms, temperance cause, women's movement, and the crusade to abolish slavery ■ Began in the Late 1790’s to the early 19th century ■ Key figures were Peter Cartwright & Charles Finney. They were great revival preachers that converted thousands of souls to the lord FOREIGN First Seminole War ■ The First Seminole War lasted between 1817-1858. – Involved three conflicts between the Florida and the Seminole tribe. ■ Began over attempts by U.S authorities to recapture runaway black slaves living among the Seminole. – Andrew Jackson and the U.S military invaded the area and burned villages down, scattering the villagers. ■ Jackson and the military seized the Spanish- hela Pensacola and St. Marks. ■ Spain seceded the Florida territory in 1819 under the terms in the Transcontinental Treaty. Rush-Bagot Agreement ■ Known as the Rush- Baggot Disarmament. ■ It was a treaty between the United States and Britain. – Limited naval armaments on the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain. ■ The War of 1812 followed the treaty. Convention of 1818 ■ During the convention, the United States and Britain agreed to 49th parallel (latitude) and the northern boundary of the Louisiana territory. ■ The two nations agreed on the joint occupation of the Oregon territory which lasted for 10 years. ■ Was an important turning point in showing improved relations between the United States and Britain after the War of 1812. Jackson in Florida ■ After First Seminole War, Andrew led forces to FL because of rumors of Seminoles attacking U.S. settlements & plantations, & British citizens arming them to with guns (1817) – Monroe denied sending Jackson ■ Jackson seized Florida under his own authority – Made Monroe look bad because army was attacking foreign territory ■ Monroe had to clean Jacksons mess of: two executive British nationals, illegal seizure of Spanish land & citizens, & installment of American government on Spanish territory – Monroe FL back to Spanish ■ 1819: Spanish sold FL to U.S. – Monroe offered governor position to Jackson. He resigned from general & took the position Adams-Onis Treaty (Transcontinental Treaty) ■ A treaty between U.S.& Spain that secede Florida to U.S. & defined the boundary between U.S. & Spain, in 1819 – Caused by First Seminole War & established line of demarcation ■ The U.S. agreed to pay 5 million in claims of U.S. citizens against Spain Monroe Doctrine ■ A policy established by Monroe in 1823 ■ States the U.S. opposed further European colonization of & interference with independent nations in the Western hemisphere – Prevented countries from coming in & taking land & protected Spanish countries ■ Heavily used today