Download Challenges to the New Deal

Aim #66: What relief programs were created by the second New Deal?
Do now! Please read the song lyrics to the 2 songs (and listen) and answer the accompanying
questions https://youtu.be/1cK3mE_bClE https://youtu.be/ujAg2-FnUik
Manhasset HS was built from 19341939 as a project of the Works
Progress Administration…that’s
right, thank you FDR
(II) Second New Deal
a. 1st 2nd years focused on recovery
b. 2nd New Deal (2nd two years of FDR’s presidency) goes further with reform and direct
relief
1. Works Progress Administration: public works (bridges, road, parks, airports), but also
artists, actors and writers
2. Resettlement Administration: provide loans to sharecroppers, small farmers
(II) Social Security Act of 1935
a. Would have greatest impact on future generations
b. Established principle of federal responsibility for social welfare
c. $ taken from payroll of employee and employers
d. People over 65 would receive money (pension)
e. Others included: unemployment insurance and the disabled
(III) Court Packing Plan
a. Supreme Court had ruled 2 key New Deal program unconstitutional (NRA and the AAA)
b. FDR devised a plan that would allow him to appoint additional justices
1. Critics saw this as a “court packing plan” (since President selects the nominee) as an assault on checks and
balances
c. FDR’s court reorganization
1. Congress establishes # of justices BUT…
2. FDR wanted to appoint more pro-New Deal justices
3. Wanted to increase court size to 15 (from 9)
(IV) Challenges to the New Deal
a. Conservatives and business owners tended to dislike FDR
1. Did not like the government regulation and increase the size of the government
2. Critical of deficit spending (spending exceeds revenue)
3. FDR followed policies of British economics John Maynard Keynes (deficit spending
was needed to stimulate economic growth)
4. Liberal critics: New Deal not doing enough for minority communities and poor
V. What was life like for Americans during the Depression?
a. Women
1. More women looked for work to supplement family incomes
2. Women were accused of taking jobs from men
3. women received lower pay than men for the same work
b. Dust Bowl Farmers (A severe drought in the early 1930s ruined crops in the Great Plains)
1.
Thousands of “Okies” from Oklahoma and surrounding states moved west to California in search of farm
or factory work (The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck)
c. African American: Difficulties
1. they “last hired,” and “first fired”
2. Higher rates of unemployment (than the national average)
3. FDR provided little support to Civil Rights leaders out fear for loss of southern support
d. Native Americans: saw repeal of the Dawes Act
VI. Impact
a. New Deal creates a Democratic coalition of farmers, urban immigrants, union
members, African Americans and women (all become supporters of the Democratic
party at this time)
b. Established federal responsibility for society (safety net)
c. New Deal does not end the Great Depression (WWII does)
d. Continued debate about deficit spending and the welfare state
THE END OF THE NEW DEAL
LEGACY OF THE NEW DEAL: HOW DID IT CHANGE AMERICA?
FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND THE
THREAT OF WAR
OVERSHADOWED DOMESTIC
ECONOMIC PROBLEMS. THE
NEED TO PREPARE FOR WAR AND
SUPPORT OUR ALLIES BROUGHT
FULL EMPLOYMENT AS
FACTORIES RUSHED TO MEET
THE NEEDS OF THE MILITARY.
INCREASE IN THE POWER OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
INCREASE OF THE ROLE THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT PLAYS
IN THE LIFE OF THE PEOPLE
GROWTH OF EXECUTIVE POWER
THE USE OF DEFICIT SPENDING AS A TECHNIQUE FOR
MAINTAINING THE ECONOMIC HEALTH OF THE NATION
CREATION OF A WELFARE STATE AND THE ACCEPTANCE
THAT THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD TAKE
RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE WELFARE OF THE PEOPLE
THE RIGHT OF WORKING PEOPLE TO ORGANIZE UNIONS TO
ADVANCE THEIR ECONOMIC INTERESTS
RENEWED INTEREST IN PRESERVING AND PROTECTING THE
ENVIRONMENT
MAJOR CONSTRUCTION AND INSTITUTIONS THAT ARE STILL
WITH US TODAY
SHOWED THAT DEMOCRACY IS CAPABLE OF RESPONDING TO
MAJOR DISRUPTIONS AND HAS THE TOOLS TO REFORM
ITSELF
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