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White Ethnics (American Jews) Presentation by: Joshua R. Nilsson Rika Zarai "Hava Nagila” (1966) Historical background/Time 1655 - Dutch West India Company allows Jewish settlers to abide in New Netherland 1730 - Jews build a synagogue in Lower Manhattan 1790 - Washington replies to a letter of congratulations from the Jews of Philadelphia, New York, Charleston, and Richmond 1838 - Rebecca Gratz establishes Hebrew Sunday School in Philadelphia 1859 - Board of Delegates of American Israelites, the first national organization of Jewish congregations, is formed 1893 - National Council of Jewish Women is founded in Chicago 1907 - Physicist Albert A. Michelson is the first American Jew to win the Nobel Prize "Welcome :: National Museum of American Jewish History." Welcome :: National Museum of American Jewish History. EspoComm, n.d. Web. 09 Dec. 2012. <http://www.nmajh.org/timeline/1600s.html>. Historical Background/Time Cont. 1917 - National Jewish Welfare Board is founded 1918 - American Jewish Congress is founded 1933 - Albert Einstein leaves his academic post in Nazi Germany to reside in the United States 1957 - United States attains world's largest Jewish population 1972 - Hebrew Union College ordains Sally J. Priesand first woman rabbi 1984 - 15,000 Holocaust survivors gather in Washington, DC 1996 – Founder of Google (Sergy Brin) 2004 – Founder of Facebook (Mark Zuckerberg) "Welcome :: National Museum of American Jewish History." Welcome :: National Museum of American Jewish History. EspoComm, n.d. Web. 09 Dec. 2012. <http://www.nmajh.org/timeline/1900s.html>. Jews in America Population in USA Regions Northeast Region 2,175,000 43% Midwest Region 624,000 12% South Region 1,136,000 22% West Region 1,120,000 22% Total 5,100,000 99% Sheskin, Ira M., Ph.D. Geographic Differences among American Jews. New York: United Jewish Communities, 2004. Print. Report 8. Geographical Locations Robinson, John. So... Where Are All the Jews? Political Cortex/FreeRepublic.com, 23 Apr. 2006. Web. 9 Dec. 2012. <http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/fnews/1619924/posts>. Everyday Life Jews begin the day by reciting their morning prayer (usually at their local synagogue) Daily study of the Torah/Schoolwork follows. As a student, one attends their regular school, unless they choose to go to a private Jewish institute. Those who have employment go about their day in the same manner. Prayer ends the day as they return home to their families. Acculturation & Assimilation Jewish culture could be considered both Acculturation and Assimilation. Many of the Jewish people come from many diverse backgrounds, but their religion stays the same. However, there is one fact to notice. Within the Jewish religion there are different practices. Ashekenazi, Mizrahi, Sephardi, Orthodox, Conservative, Reconstructionist, and Reformists are a few ethnic divisions within the Jewish religion in America. This could affect how each individual belief conflicts with the others, although they claim themselves to be a branch of Judaism. Religion As mentioned previously, the Jewish religion is a generalized religion, but there are many divisions within Judaism. Jews are very religious people who are commanded to pray night and day with readings from the Torah in between. Listed below are 13 core beliefs within Orthodox Judaism: 1 - I believe with perfect faith that Hashem the Creator, shall His Name be Blessed, is the Creator and Leader of every created thing; And he himself made, does make, and will make everything. 2 - I believe with perfect faith that the Creator, shall His Name be Blessed, is the only One, and there is no unity in any way like His, and He alone is our God, who was, is, and will always be. 3 - I believe with perfect faith that the Creator, shall His Name be Blessed, is no body, and all properties of matter do not apply to him, and there can be no physical comparison to Him at all. 4 - I believe with perfect faith that the Creator, shall His Name be Blessed, was the first and will remain the last. 5 - I trust with full trust that the Creator, shall His Name be Blessed, only to Him there is right to pray, and there is no point in praying to any being besides Him. 6 - I believe with perfect faith that all words of the Nevi'im (prophets) are true. "Thirteen Principles of Judaism Faith." Everything You Need to Know about Orthodox Jews. Maimonides, n.d. Web. 09 Dec. 2012. <http://www.orthodoxjews.com/principles-of-judaism.html>. Religion Cont. 7 - I believe with perfect faith that the prophecy of our Rabbi, Moses, may he rest in peace, was true, and he was the father of the Nevi'im (prophets), both those who came before him and those after him. 8 - I believe with perfect faith that the entire Torah that we have in our possession is the same that was given to our Rabbi, Moses. 9 - I believe with perfect faith that our Torah won't be exchanged, and there will never be any other Torah from Hashem, shall His Name be Blessed. 10 - I believe with perfect faith that the Creator, shall His Name be Blessed, knows all actions of human beings, their thoughts, as it is written (Psalms 33:15), "Who fashioned the hearts of them all, Who comprehends all their actions". 11 - I believe with perfect faith that the Creator, shall His Name be Blessed, gives rewards for those who keep His Mitzvos (commandments) and punishes those who transgress them. 12 - I believe with perfect faith in the coming of Messiah ; and although he may tarry, even though I wait every day for his coming. 13 - I believe with perfect faith that there will be a revival of the dead at the time when it shall please Hashem, shall His Name be Blessed, and His mention shall be elevated forever and ever. "Thirteen Principles of Judaism Faith." Everything You Need to Know about Orthodox Jews. Maimonides, n.d. Web. 09 Dec. 2012. <http://www.orthodox-jews.com/principles-of-judaism.html>. Education (Gender) Education Financial Resources Bachelor’s Degree (Age 25 and over) Median Household Income Northeast 64% Midwest 62% South 55% West 58% South 60% Northeast $59,800 Midwest $54,800 South $50,000 West $48,700 All $53,800 Graduate Degree (Age 25 and over) Northeast 31% Midwest 30% South 24% West 25% South 28% Own Home Northeast 60% Midwest 71% South 79% West 61% All 66% Sheskin, Ira M., Ph.D. Geographic Differences among American Jews. New York: United Jewish Communities, 2004. Print. Report 8. The Jewish religion shares the same tradition with many other faiths. Men and Women are expected to obtain as much knowledge as they possibly can receive. However, women are supposed to remember their duties as to become mothers. Nature and the environment “Green issues have recently inched into public discourse, but concern for nature has long been a tenet of Judaism. … …The Bible begins with the creation of the physical world and addresses it extensively. Modern Jews have grappled with everything from vegetarianism to recycling to the ethical treatment of animals”. Free Range Studios, Atypica, and Kveller. "JUDAISM & NATURE." My Jewish Learning. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Dec. 2012. <http://www.myjewishlearning.com/beliefs/Is sues/Nature_and_the_Environment.shtml>. The Family Structure and Parenting Age Groups: 0-17 Northeast 22% Midwest 20% South 15% West 15% All 19% 18-34 Northeast 22% Midwest 26% South 21% West 24% All 23% 35-49 Northeast 21% Midwest 21% South 18% West 22% All 21% Households: 50-64 Northeast 18% Midwest 16% South 18% West 23% All 19% 65+ Northeast 17% Midwest 16% South 28% West 16% All 19% Total Northeast 100% Midwest 99% South 100% West 100% All 101% 1-Person Households Northeast 30% Midwest 27% South 31% West 30% All 30% Average Household Size Northeast 2.4 Midwest 2.5 South 2.2 West 2.2 All 2.3 Sheskin, Ira M., Ph.D. Geographic Differences among American Jews. New York: United Jewish Communities, 2004. Print. Report 8. Health Care & Mental Health Care Through religious study, people of Jewish faith are directed in a generalized way of life. They are to keep themselves healthy and mentally awake to the things of the world. Most of what is generalized, but many can be specific. Only 15% of American Jews keep kosher foods solely in their everyday diets. It is said that eating kosher foods increases your spirituality, which effects your mentality indefinitely. Historical Trials World War II was a tragic time for the Jewish people, not only around the world, but within America as well. Country Austria Belgium Bohemia/Moravia Bulgaria Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Poland Romania Slovakia Soviet Union Yugoslavia Total: "How Many Jews Were Murdered?" The Number of Jews Killed During the Holocaust by Country. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Dec. 2012. <http://history1900s.about.com/library/ holocaust/bldied.htm>. Pre-war Jewish Population Estimated Murdered 185,000 50,000 66,000 25,000 118,000 78,000 50,000 0 8,000 60 4,500 2,000 2,000 7 350,000 77,000 565,000 142,000 75,000 65,000 825,000 550,000 44,500 7,500 91,500 70,000 168,000 140,000 3,500 1,000 140,000 100,000 1,700 762 3,300,000 3,000,000 609,000 270,000 89,000 71,000 3,020,000 1,000,000 78,000 60,000 9,793,700 5,709,329 Music Some of the main genres in Jewish musical literature include: Klezmer - to replicate the human voice, including sounds of crying, wailing and laughing. Often, a klezmer band will include a fiddle, a bass or cello, a clarinet and a drum. Nigun - …religious songs and tunes that are sung by groups. It is a form of voice instrumental music, often without any lyrics or words… Pizmonim - Traditional Jewish songs and melodies with the intentions of praising God as well as describing certain aspects of traditional religious teachings. Zemirot - Hymns, usually sung in the Hebrew or Aramaic languages, but sometimes also in Yiddish or Ladino. Piyyut - A liturgical poem, usually designated to be sung, chanted, or recited during religious services. Ferris, Verra. "Jewish Entertainment." Jewish Entertainment RSS. Vera Ferris, 5 Jan. 2010. Web. 09 Dec. 2012. <http://jewishentertainment.net/jewishmusic/what-are-different-typesnames-of-jewish-music>. Food Jews have a different nutritional diet in comparison to many other Americans. They do eat many of the same foods, but some meals are not allowed to consume. Here is a short list of popular Jewish dishes: Gefilte Fish - a cake or ball of chopped up fish. Matzah Ball Soup - a very thin chicken broth with two or three matzah balls (dumplings). Knishes - potato and flour dumpling stuffed with cheese or other ingredients. Blintzes - Jewish crepes. Holishkes - stuffed cabbage. Kugel – pudding. Tzimmes - sweet stew – including carrots, sweet potatoes, and/or prunes. Rich, Tracey R. "Judaism 101: Jewish Cooking." Judaism 101: Jewish Cooking. Tracey R Rich, n.d. Web. 09 Dec. 2012. <http://www.jewfaq.org/food.htm>. Recreation/Holidays/Celebrations Rosh Hashanah - Jewish New Year Yom Kippur – “Day of Atonement” Sukkot - the Festival of Ingathering and commemoration of the fortyyear travels of Israel. Shemini Atzeret – “the assembly of the eighth” Simchat Torah - marks the completion of the annual cycle of weekly Torah readings. Chanukkah - festival of rededication/festival of lights Tu B'Shevat - the New Year for Trees Purim – commemorates the Jewish people living in Persia who were saved from extermination. Pesach (Passover) - "passed over" the houses of the Jews when he was slaying the firstborn of Egypt. Lag B'Omer - the Counting of the Omer Shavu'ot - the Festival of Weeks Tisha B'Av - to commemorate the many tragedies that have befallen the Jewish people "Judaism 101: Jewish Holidays." Judaism 101: Jewish Holidays. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Dec. 2012. <http://www.jewfaq.org/holiday0.htm>.