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THE ROAD TO WORLD
WAR I – PART ONE
Guided
Reading
Activity
Answers
1. IMPERIALISM
when a stronger, more powerful nation
takes over a weaker nation
Back before WWI – many European
countries were wanting to spread out and
take over each other!
2. WHAT OTHER FACTOR?
Militarism
NATURALLY, Imperialism is not possible
without a strong military – duh! It’s like
going to play baseball without your bat
or even dance without your tap shoes (or
insert any other obscure analogy here) –
it’s just not possible
3. WHY DID NATIONS ENGAGE IN MILITARISM?
Competition, control, power
Isn’t this what we all want?
What else encourages militarism?
4. WHAT IS NATIONALISM?
pride in one’s nation or ethnic group.
But SOMETIMES too strong of a
nationalism can be bad, no?
Any examples of having TOO much loyalty
or TOO much pride?
THE AUSTROHUNGARIAN
EMPIRE
The AustroHungarian empire
suf fered because
of too much
nationalism. In
the empire, there
were Austrians,
Magyar s,
Bosnians,
Serbians,
Rumanians,
Croats, and a host
of other ethnic
and national
groups who
wanted self government, or
their own national
governments . Too
many countries in
this small area!
5. AREA IN EUROPE?
The Balkan Peninsula
This area – known as the Balkans – had all
of these little countries with VERY prideful
people. We don’t have this problem
geographically in the U.S. Why?
THE
BALKAN
PENINSULA
The Balkan
p e n i n s u la ,
c o n s i s ti n g o f
Greece, Albania,
Serbia, and a
p l e t h o ra o f
other national
groups who
sought selfg o v e r n m en t a n d
i n d ep e n d en c e ,
w a s c o n s i d er ed
the “powder
keg” of Europe.
Many people
b e l i ev e d t h e s e
groups would
someday fight
for
i n d ep e n d en c e
from colonial
r u l e rs .
6. WHAT IS AN ALLIANCE?
defensive agreements between nations in
which one pledged to defend the others in
the alliance if they were attacked
Remember back to our warm-up from the
other day – what are the good of an
alliance? Bad?
MILITARY
ALLIANCES
Not only did
military
alliances cause
smaller wars to
erupt into much
larger conflicts
rapidly, but also,
they led to
confusion.
Nations became
involved with
wars which often
had little to do
with their own
national security
or interests. This
ever happen to
you? Get
involved in
drama that you
had nothing to
do with?! 
THE M.A.I.N. CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I
MILITARISM - need more power and control!
ALLIANCE SYSTEMS – let’s create a network so we are
bigger and stronger!
IMPERIALISM – need more land and resources
NATIONALISM – our country is the bestest!
Like my silly little pneumonic device?
7. THE TRIPLE ALLIANCE
Germany
Italy
Austria-Hungary
I PROMISE I did NOT mess this up! They
are called the “alliance” (although my
WWII nerds are like no no no) because
they formed first. Therefore, they got to
keep the cool name!
THE TRIPLE
ALLIANCE
The three
nations in the
Triple Alliance
were:
 Germany
 AustriaHungary
 Italy
NOTE: Italy had
promised to
protect
Germany only
against French
invasion, and
did not join the
w a r e f f o rt
against England
and Russia.
7. THE TRIPLE ENTENTE
France
Great Britain
Russia
So, in response to the “triple alliance”,
these nations form the entente which, in
French, means “agreement”
8. THE SPARK TO START THE WAR
Archduke (heir to the throne) Franz
Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary (and his
wife) were assassinated (KILLED)
It’d be like someone killing our VP –
that’s just NOT cool
9. WHERE DID THE SPARK TAKE PLACE?
During a parade in Sarajevo, Austria-Hungary
10. WHO WAS THE KILLER?
Gavrilo Princip
This CRAZY Serbian man, and member of
a rebel group The Black hands, murdered
Ferdinand. But Austria-Hungary is NOT
happy – who do you think they blamed?
WAR BETWEEN AUSTRIA AND SERBIA
 Gavrilo Princip, pictured to the left,
murdered the Archduke of Austria Hungary. The Austro-Hungarian
Empire, led by Emperor Franz Joseph
soon sent a list of demands
(ultimatums) to Serbia – most of
which were impossible to satisfy –
and threatened to declare war on
Serbia if they were not met.
 Little did Austria-Hungary know
that tiny Serbia had signed a secret
treaty – a defense alliance – with
Russia, the most populous and one
of the most powerful nations in all
of Europe. The war would expand
rapidly from here.
11. WHAT NATION DECLARED WAR?
 1.
Austria-Hungary invaded Serbia
 2. Russia declared war on Austria-Hungary. ( Secret
Alliance with Serbia )
 3. Germany declared war on Russia
 4. France declared war on Germany
 5. England declared war on Germany
 6. Italy – divided – begins to fight France but then
quits the war – only to later support the Allies. . .
12. TRIPLE ENTENTE BECOMES . . . ?
The Allied Powers
(and pretty much stays the Allied powers in
WWII – almost!)
And don’t ask me why they changed names! To
confuse us 100 years later – that’s why 
13. TRIPLE ALLIANCE BECOMES . . . ?
The Central Powers
(later becomes the Axis Powers in WWII - for
my NERDS)
14. WHAT IS A DEADLOCK?
Stalemate
 Like in chess . . . Or is that checkmate? 
 Known as “no man’s land” this area was fought
on the duration of the war. Which, might explain
the high number of deaths and destruction in this
part of Europe!
15. WHAT IS TRENCH WARFARE?
Fighting from a dug-out ditch
TRENCH
FOOT
16. NEW WEAPONS IN THE WAR?
Airplanes
Tanks
Zeppelins (kind of like blimps)
Poison Gas
Gas Masks
U-Boats (German submarines)
Machine Guns
MURDEROUS WEAPONS OF WW I
The U-Boat
(German Submarine)
The Zeppelin
MURDEROUS WEAPONS OF WW I
Biplanes
Tanks
CHLORINE GAS
 Chlorine gas and
other forms of poison
gas were first used by
the Germans at the
Battle of Ypres in
France. The weapon
was perhaps the most
feared of the entire
war, because of the
gruesome and painful
deaths caused by the
chemicals – soldiers
who inhaled the
poison gas would
suffer chemical burns
of the lungs, then
slowly drown as their
lungs filled up with
mucus and fluids.
GAS MASKS
Horses were
used during
World War I in
many
c a p a c i t i es , a n d
were still relied
upon heavily by
cavalry units,
s u p p l y c a r r i e rs
a n d a m b u l a n ce
s e r v i ce s . T h ey
d r a g g ed h e a v y
guns into
position, moved
men and
e q u i p m en t , a n d
l i t e ra l ly s a v e d
lives. Hence,
t h e y n e e d ed t o
be protected,
too!
THE MACHINE GUN
17. PRESIDENT WOODROW WILSON SAYS:
Stay neutral
Why not, right? I mean – what do we
have to do with this war? What did
anyone but Serbia and AH have to do
with the war?
This is easy to do – stay neutral, right?
Umm . . .
? ? ?
THE ROAD TO WORLD
WAR I – PART TWO
Guided
Reading
Activity
Answers
PRESIDENT
WOODROW
WILSON
President
Wilson asked
Americans to
stay neutral in
mind as well as
in action. By
following a
“strict and
impartial
neutrality,”
Americans
would be able
to stay out of
the war and
r e m a i n u n i f i ed .
Many
Americans
feared that the
millions of
GermanAmerican
i m m i g ra n t s i n
our country
could prove
d i s l oy a l .
18. WHICH AMERICANS HELD INTEREST IN
THE WAR?
19. WHAT IS PROPAGANDA?
information designed to make people feel
passionately about a cause
PROPAGANDA
Propaganda was produced
in the United States by an
organization known as the
Committee on Public
Information. Joseph Creel
was the leader of the
group. Propaganda, in
general, is information
designed to make people
feel passionately about a
cause – often using
incomplete, exaggerated,
or dubious information.
WORLD WAR I: AMERICAN NEUTRALITY
Anti-German Propaganda:
Freedom of the Seas:
20. WHAT SIDE DID BUSINESSMEN WANT?
BOTH – gotta make that money! But they
MAINLY traded with the Allies
21. WHAT HELPED THE BLOCKADE?
 U-Boats
Using their U-boats,
Germany established a
blockade around all of
England to prevent trade
between the US and
England. They sank any
trade vessels they could.
English naval vessels, in
turn, prevented any trade
between the United States
and Germany.
22. WHAT BRITISH SHIP WAS SUNK?
Lusitania
AMERICAN PROPAGANDA MA KERS USED THE SI NKING OF
THE LUSITANIA TO E NCOURAGE THE WA R E FFORT.
23. WILSON MAINTAINS U.S. NEUTRALITY
“He
Kept Us
Out of
War.”
24. WHAT DID GERMANY SAY TO MEXICO?
Attack the
United
States!
25. HOW WILL THIS BENEFIT MEXICO?
They will get their land back that the US stole!
In the Zimmermann Telegram, German
Secretary of State Arthur Zimmermann
suggested that Mexico should attack the United
States. His hope was that if the US was
occupied at home by a domestic war, they
could not enter the war with Germany. In
return, Zimmerman promised, they would help
Mexico win back the land it had ceded to the
United States – New Mexico, Texas and
Arizona.
26. WHAT NATION UNDERWENT A
REVOLUTION?
Russia
 In March 1917, the Tsar Nicholas II
and the Romanov dynasty was
overthrown by Revolution. This was a
good thing for the US because we didn’t
like him – he fought democratic values,
and the US wanted to spread
democracy. The fall of the Tsar made it
easier for the US to enter the war on
the alliance with Russia. By joining the
war we would not be siding with a
tyrant – he was gone! Wilson said we
would be joining other democracies to
fight tyranny! (sounds good, doesn’t
it?!)
27. WHAT WERE WILSON’S GOALS?
Freedom of the Seas
A War To End all War
A War to Make the World Safe for Democracy
Woodrow Wilson asked Congress to declare war against the Central Powers
in April of 1917, immediately after the Tsar had been overthrown and
replaced by the democratically elected Duma. Wilson gave the United States
several reasons to fight in World War I:
 World War I would be a war for “Freedom of the Seas.”
 World War I would be “A War To End all War.”
 World War I would be “A War to Make the World Safe for Democracy.”
Since Russia was now democratic as well, all of the Allies – Great Britain,
France, Russia, and now the United States – were democratic governments.