Download Infectious Disease - Mahtomedi Middle School

I. Disease
I. Disease
Disease – a condition of
ill health; one or more
body parts are not
functioning properly.
Caused
by
I. Disease
Genetics:
inherited from
parents
Examples: Tay
Sachs, M.D.
Disease – a condition of
ill health; one or more
body parts are not
functioning properly.
Caused
by
I. Disease
Genetics:
inherited from
parents
Examples: Tay
Sachs, M.D.
Disease – a condition of
ill health; one or more
body parts are not
functioning properly.
Caused
by
Environmental Factors:
Develop from exposure to
something.
Examples: lung disease
from pollution or smoking
I. Disease
Genetics:
inherited from
parents
Disease – a condition of
ill health; one or more
body parts are not
functioning properly.
Examples: Tay
Sachs, M.D.
Caused
by
Germs: Microscopic things that cause
disease.
Infectious=“caught” from another organism
Examples: Bacteria, Viruses
Environmental Factors:
Develop from exposure to
something.
Examples: lung disease
from pollution or smoking
I. Disease
Genetics:
inherited from
parents
Disease – a condition of
ill health; one or more
body parts are not
functioning properly.
Examples: Tay
Sachs, M.D.
Examples: lung disease
from pollution or smoking
Caused
by
Germs: Microscopic things that cause
disease.
Infectious=“caught” from another organism
Examples: Bacteria, Viruses
Environmental Factors:
Develop from exposure to
something.
Parasites: One organism
(the parasite) is feeding
and living on or in another
(the host)
Examples: fungus,protists,
animals, plants
I. Disease
Genetics:
inherited from
parents
Disease – a condition of
ill health; one or more
body parts are not
functioning properly.
Examples: Tay
Sachs, M.D.
Examples: lung disease
from pollution or smoking
Caused
by
Germs: Microscopic things that cause
disease.
Infectious=“caught” from another organism
Examples: Bacteria, Viruses
Environmental Factors:
Develop from exposure to
something.
Parasites: One organism
(the parasite) is feeding
and living on or in another
(the host)
Examples: fungus,protists,
animals, plants
Pathogen – something that causes a disease
Examples of pathogens: viruses, bacteria, fungi,
and protists
A. Immune System – your body’s defenses against disease
and infection.
• Identifies pathogens and fights them off.
• Often prevents re-infection of the same disease
• White Blood Cells (WBCs) – special cells that
surround and digest pathogens. There are several
specialized types of WBCs.
Pathogen – something that causes a disease
Examples of pathogens: viruses, bacteria, fungi,
and protists
A. Immune System – your body’s defenses against disease
and infection.
• Identifies pathogens and fights them off.
• Often prevents re-infection of the same disease
• White Blood Cells (WBCs) – special cells that
surround and digest pathogens. There are several
specialized types of WBCs.
Pathogen – something that causes a disease
Examples of pathogens: viruses, bacteria, fungi,
and protists
A. Immune System – your body’s defenses against disease
and infection.
• Identifies
them off.
Not
thispathogens
type and
offights
immunity!!
• Often prevents re-infection of the same disease
• White Blood Cells (WBCs) – special cells that
surround and digest pathogens. There are several
specialized types of WBCs.
Immunity – when the body is able to fight/prevent a disease
Immunity – when the body is able to
fight/prevent a disease
Antigen – molecule on a pathogen that
identifies what it is
Immunity – when the body is able to
fight/prevent a disease
Antigen – molecule on a pathogen that
identifies what it is
Antibodies– protein made by WBCs
for a specific antigen
Antibodies
B. 4 steps to immunity
*NOTE: T Cells and B
Cells are specialized WBCs
1. Recognition
B. 4 steps to immunity
Antibodies
*NOTE: T Cells and B
Cells are specialized WBCs
1. Recognition – WBC surrounds pathogen and alerts other
cells.
1. Recognition
2. Mobilization
B. 4 steps to immunity
Antibodies
*NOTE: T Cells and B
Cells are specialized WBCs
1. Recognition – WBC surrounds pathogen and alerts other
cells.
2. Mobilization – antibodies produced
1. Recognition
2. Mobilization
Antibodies
3. Disposal
B. 4 steps to immunity
*NOTE: T Cells and B
Cells are specialized WBCs
1. Recognition – WBC surrounds pathogen and alerts other
cells.
2. Mobilization – antibodies produced
3. Disposal – antibodies destroy pathogen
1. Recognition
2. Mobilization
Antibodies
4. Immunity
3. Disposal
B. 4 steps to immunity
*NOTE: T Cells and B
Cells are specialized WBCs
1. Recognition – WBC surrounds pathogen and alerts other
cells.
2. Mobilization – antibodies produced
3. Disposal – antibodies destroy pathogen
4. Immunity – some antibodies remain for future use.
White Blood Cell Chasing Bacteria…
II. The Body Fights Back! – Fighting Disease
C. Vaccines
II. The Body Fights Back! – Fighting Disease
C. Vaccines
Vaccine – made of weakened virus particles that
can no longer cause the disease.
II. The Body Fights Back! – Fighting Disease
C. Vaccines
Vaccine – made of weakened virus particles that
can no longer cause the disease.
Examples: flu shot, polio vaccine
II. The Body Fights Back! – Fighting Disease
C. Vaccines
Vaccine – made of weakened virus particles that
can no longer cause the disease.
Examples: flu shot, polio vaccine
Most vaccines are for viral infections
II. The Body Fights Back! – Fighting Disease
C. Vaccines
Vaccine – made of weakened virus particles that
can no longer cause the disease.
Examples: flu shot, polio vaccine
Most vaccines are for viral infections
Vaccination – giving vaccine by injection or mouth.
II. The Body Fights Back! – Fighting Disease
C. Vaccines
Vaccine – made of weakened virus particles that
can no longer cause the disease.
Examples: flu shot, polio vaccine
Most vaccines are for viral infections
The vaccine starts the immune system’s reaction, as if
the real pathogen is entering the body.
II. The Body Fights Back! – Fighting Disease
C. Vaccines
Vaccine – made of weakened virus particles that
can no longer cause the disease.
Examples: flu shot, polio vaccine
Most vaccines are for viral infections
Vaccination – giving vaccine by injection or mouth.
The vaccine starts the immune system’s reaction, as if
the real pathogen is entering the body.
The body is left with the antibodies to fight the disease.
Important Scientists!
Edward Jenner – 1798 - developed the first vaccine – for
smallpox
used LIVE virus
Important Scientists!
Edward Jenner – 1798 - developed the first vaccine – for
smallpox
Used a LIVE virus
Jonas Salk -1955 – developed the vaccine for polio using a
weakened virus
Super small – need an electron microscope to see
them
Super small – need an electron microscope to see
them
NOT made of cells –not an organism
Super small – need an electron microscope to see
them
NOT made of cells –not an organism
Made up of a DNA or RNA core covered with protein
Super small – need an electron microscope to see
them
NOT made of cells –not an organism
Made up of a DNA or RNA core covered with protein
A. Active Virus – a virus that is reproducing and destroying cells.
A. Active Virus – a virus that is reproducing and destroying cells.
Step
Description
Drawing
A. Active Virus – a virus that is reproducing and destroying cells.
Step
1.Attach
Description
The virus attaches to the surface of
the cell
Drawing
A. Active Virus – a virus that is reproducing and destroying cells.
Step
Description
1.Attach
The virus attaches to the surface of
the cell
2. Invade
The virus injects its own nucleic acid
(DNA or RNA) into the host cell.
Drawing
A. Active Virus – a virus that is reproducing and destroying cells.
Step
Description
1.Attach
The virus attaches to the surface of
the cell
2. Invade
The virus injects its own nucleic acid
(DNA or RNA) into the host cell.
3. Copy
The virus uses the cell’s energy to make
copies of itself.
Drawing
A. Active Virus – a virus that is reproducing and destroying cells.
Step
Description
1.Attach
The virus attaches to the surface of
the cell
2. Invade
The virus injects its own nucleic acid
(DNA or RNA) into the host cell.
3. Copy
The virus uses the cell’s energy to make
copies of itself.
The host cell bursts and all of the
4. Release viruses attach to new cells and repeat
the process
Drawing
B. Latent Virus – not active
B. Latent Virus – not active
•A virus enters the cell, but isn’t active right away
B. Latent Virus – not active
•A virus enters the cell, but isn’t active right away
•Without warning, will become active and start
destroying cells.
B. Latent Virus – not active
•A virus enters the cell, but isn’t active right away
•Without warning, will become active and start
destroying cells.
Example: Cold Sores
B. Latent Virus – not active
•A virus enters the cell, but isn’t active right away
•Without warning, will become active and start
destroying cells.
Example: Cold Sores
1.
Gene therapydoctors attempt to
use viruses to “fix”
defective hereditary
material.
a.
b.
Alzheimer’s
Help to prevent
genetic disorders
(birth defects).
C. DNA vs. RNA Viruses
C. DNA vs. RNA Viruses
DNA viruses (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
C. DNA vs. RNA Viruses
DNA viruses (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
•Virus core made of DNA
C. DNA vs. RNA Viruses
DNA viruses (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
•Virus core made of DNA
•When it reproduces it makes exact copies of itself
C. DNA vs. RNA Viruses
DNA viruses (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
•Virus core made of DNA
•When it reproduces it makes exact copies of itself
•Easier to make vaccines for DNA viruses because
they rarely change
C. DNA vs. RNA Viruses
DNA viruses (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
•Virus core made of DNA
•When it reproduces it makes exact copies of itself
•Easier to make vaccines for DNA viruses because
they rarely change
Examples: chicken pox virus, small pox virus, polio virus
C. DNA vs. RNA Viruses
DNA viruses (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
•Virus core made of DNA
•When it reproduces it makes exact copies of itself
•Easier to make vaccines for DNA viruses because
they rarely change
Examples: chicken pox virus, small pox virus, polio virus
RNA viruses (Ribonucleic Acid)
C. DNA vs. RNA Viruses
DNA viruses (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
•Virus core made of DNA
•When it reproduces it makes exact copies of itself
•Easier to make vaccines for DNA viruses because
they rarely change
Examples: chicken pox virus, small pox virus, polio virus
RNA viruses (Ribonucleic Acid)
•Virus core made of RNA
C. DNA vs. RNA Viruses
DNA viruses (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
•Virus core made of DNA
•When it reproduces it makes exact copies of itself
•Easier to make vaccines for DNA viruses because
they rarely change
Examples: chicken pox virus, small pox virus, polio virus
RNA viruses (Ribonucleic Acid)
•Virus core made of RNA
•The virus easily mutates (changes) over time so it
is constantly taking different forms.
C. DNA vs. RNA Viruses
DNA viruses (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
•Virus core made of DNA
•When it reproduces it makes exact copies of itself
•Easier to make vaccines for DNA viruses because
they rarely change
Examples: chicken pox virus, small pox virus, polio virus
RNA viruses (Ribonucleic Acid)
•Virus core made of RNA
•The virus easily mutates (changes) over time so it
is constantly taking different forms.
•Difficult to make vaccines for because they are
always changing.
C. DNA vs. RNA Viruses
DNA viruses (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
•Virus core made of DNA
•When it reproduces it makes exact copies of itself
•Easier to make vaccines for DNA viruses because
they rarely change
Examples: chicken pox virus, small pox virus, polio virus
RNA viruses (Ribonucleic Acid)
•Virus core made of RNA
•The virus easily mutates (changes) over time so it
is constantly taking different forms.
•Difficult to make vaccines for because they are
always changing.
Examples: Cold virus, Flu virus, HIV
III. Viruses
Unlike viruses, these are living things, made of cells
Unlike viruses, these are living things, made of cells
A. Bacteria – single-celled organisms without a nucleus
Unlike viruses, these are living things, made of cells
A. Bacteria – single-celled organisms without a nucleus
•Enter body, multiply, damage cells and cause
disease
Unlike viruses, these are living things, made of cells
A. Bacteria – single-celled organisms without a nucleus
•Enter body, multiply, damage cells and cause
disease
•Some make toxins = poisons
Unlike viruses, these are living things, made of cells
A. Bacteria – single-celled organisms without a nucleus
•Enter body, multiply, damage cells and cause
disease
•Some make toxins = poisons
•Some can form endospores = protective, thick walls
Unlike viruses, these are living things, made of cells
A. Bacteria – single-celled organisms without a nucleus
Strep•Enter
Throat
body, multiply, damage cells
and cause
Typhoid
Fever
disease
•Some make toxins = poisons
•Some can form
endospores = protective, thick walls
Tetanus
Examples of bacterial pathogens: Strep throat,
tetanus, plague, typhoid fever
Unlike viruses, these are living things, made of cells
A. Bacteria – single-celled organisms without a nucleus
•Enter body, multiply, damage cells and cause
disease
•Some make toxins = poisons
•Some can form endospores = protective, thick walls
Examples of bacterial pathogens: Strep throat,
tetanus, plague, typhoid fever
Bacteria are EVERYWHERE!
…even your cell phone…
Antibiotics - Used to treat infections caused by
bacteria.
Antibiotics - Used to treat infections caused by
bacteria.
•Not effective on viruses
Antibiotics - Used to treat infections caused by
bacteria.
•Not effective on viruses
Examples: Penicillin, Amoxicillin
Antibiotics - Used to treat infections caused by
bacteria.
•Not effective on viruses
Examples: Penicillin, Amoxicillin
Pasteurization – a process of heating foods to a
temperature that kills harmful bacteria and
makes food safe to eat.
Antibiotics - Used to treat infections caused by
bacteria.
•Not effective on viruses
Examples: Penicillin, Amoxicillin
Pasteurization – a process of heating foods to a
temperature that kills harmful bacteria and
makes food safe to eat.
•Milk, other dairy, and many juices are pasteurized
Antibiotics - Used to treat infections caused by
bacteria.
•Not effective on viruses
Examples: Penicillin, Amoxicillin
Pasteurization – a process of heating foods to a
temperature that kills harmful bacteria and
makes food safe to eat.
•Milk, other dairy, and many juices are pasteurized
Key Terms about bacteria
 Bacteria – single celled organisms that
don’t have a nucleus; prokaryotes – (you
have this definition already)
 Flagellum – a long whip-like structure
that helps a cell to move
 Asexual reproduction – reproductive
process involving only one parent,
produces offspring identical to the parent
Key Terms
 Binary fission – Form of asexual reproduction
when a cell divides to form two identical cells
 Sexual Reproduction – Two parents combine
their genetic material to produce a new
organism which differs from both parents
 Conjugation – one bacterium transfers some
genetic material to another through a threadlike
bridge.
Key Terms
 Pasteurization – food is heated to a
temperature high enough to kill most
harmful bacteria
 Decomposers – they break down large
chemicals in dead organisms into small
chemicals
B. Protists – most are simple, single-celled organisms
B. Protists – most are simple, single-celled organisms
Examples: Amoebic dysentery, Giardia, Malaria
B. Protists – most are simple, single-celled organisms
Examples: Amoebic dysentery, Giardia, Malaria
C. Fungus – spreading, root-like structures that feed
on host tissue
Ringworm
B. Protists – most are simple, single-celled organisms
Examples: Amoebic dysentery, Giardia, Malaria
C. Fungus – spreading, root-like structures that feed
on host tissue
Athlete’s Foot
Examples: Athlete’s Foot, Ringworm
B. Protists – most are simple, single-celled organisms
Examples: Amoebic dysentery, Giardia, Malaria
C. Fungus – spreading, root-like structures that feed
on host tissue
Examples: Athlete’s Foot, Ringworm